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Turchiano A, Piglionica M, Martino S, Bagnulo R, Garganese A, De Luisi A, Chirulli S, Iacoviello M, Stasi M, Tabaku O, Meneleo E, Capurso M, Crocetta S, Lattarulo S, Krylovska Y, Lastella P, Forleo C, Stella A, Bukvic N, Simone C, Resta N. Impact of High-to-Moderate Penetrance Genes on Genetic Testing: Looking over Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1530. [PMID: 37628581 PMCID: PMC10454640 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Since the discovery of the highly penetrant susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, many other predisposition genes that confer a moderate risk of BC have been identified. Advances in multigene panel testing have allowed the simultaneous sequencing of BRCA1/2 with these genes in a cost-effective way. Germline DNA from 521 cases with BC fulfilling diagnostic criteria for hereditary BC were screened with multigene NGS testing. Pathogenic (PVs) and likely pathogenic (LPVs) variants in moderate penetrance genes were identified in 15 out of 521 patients (2.9%), including 2 missense, 7 non-sense, 1 indel, and 3 splice variants, as well as two different exon deletions, as follows: ATM (n = 4), CHEK2 (n = 5), PALB2 (n = 2), RAD51C (n = 1), and RAD51D (n = 3). Moreover, the segregation analysis of PVs and LPVs into first-degree relatives allowed the detection of CHEK2 variant carriers diagnosed with in situ melanoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), respectively. Extended testing beyond BRCA1/2 identified PVs and LPVs in a further 2.9% of BC patients. In conclusion, panel testing yields more accurate genetic information for appropriate counselling, risk management, and preventive options than assessing BRCA1/2 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Turchiano
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Marilidia Piglionica
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Stefania Martino
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Rosanna Bagnulo
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Antonella Garganese
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Annunziata De Luisi
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Stefania Chirulli
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Matteo Iacoviello
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Michele Stasi
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Ornella Tabaku
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Eleonora Meneleo
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Martina Capurso
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Silvia Crocetta
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Simone Lattarulo
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Yevheniia Krylovska
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Patrizia Lastella
- Rare Disease Center, Internal Medicine Unit “C. Frugoni”, AOU Policlinico di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Nenad Bukvic
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
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Greenhough LA, Liang CC, Belan O, Kunzelmann S, Maslen S, Rodrigo-Brenni MC, Anand R, Skehel M, Boulton SJ, West SC. Structure and function of the RAD51B-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 tumour suppressor. Nature 2023; 619:650-657. [PMID: 37344587 PMCID: PMC7614784 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombination is a fundamental process of life. It is required for the protection and restart of broken replication forks, the repair of chromosome breaks and the exchange of genetic material during meiosis. Individuals with mutations in key recombination genes, such as BRCA2 (also known as FANCD1), or the RAD51 paralogues RAD51B, RAD51C (also known as FANCO), RAD51D, XRCC2 (also known as FANCU) and XRCC3, are predisposed to breast, ovarian and prostate cancers1-10 and the cancer-prone syndrome Fanconi anaemia11-13. The BRCA2 tumour suppressor protein-the product of BRCA2-is well characterized, but the cellular functions of the RAD51 paralogues remain unclear. Genetic knockouts display growth defects, reduced RAD51 focus formation, spontaneous chromosome abnormalities, sensitivity to PARP inhibitors and replication fork defects14,15, but the precise molecular roles of RAD51 paralogues in fork stability, DNA repair and cancer avoidance remain unknown. Here we used cryo-electron microscopy, AlphaFold2 modelling and structural proteomics to determine the structure of the RAD51B-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 complex (BCDX2), revealing that RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 mimics three RAD51 protomers aligned within a nucleoprotein filament, whereas RAD51B is highly dynamic. Biochemical and single-molecule analyses showed that BCDX2 stimulates the nucleation and extension of RAD51 filaments-which are essential for recombinational DNA repair-in reactions that depend on the coupled ATPase activities of RAD51B and RAD51C. Our studies demonstrate that BCDX2 orchestrates RAD51 assembly on single stranded DNA for replication fork protection and double strand break repair, in reactions that are critical for tumour avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ondrej Belan
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Kim E, Han DJ, Kim BH, Yoo J, Kim HJ, Wu HG, Kim KS, Kim HS, Han I, Moon KC, Park JH, Song S, Kim TM, Chang JH. Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Mutational Signatures Related to Radiation-Induced Sarcomas and DNA-Damage-Repair Pathways. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100004. [PMID: 36788076 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) is a rare but serious late complication arising from radiotherapy. Despite unfavorable clinical outcomes, the genomic footprints of ionizing radiation in RIS development remain largely unknown. Hence, this study aimed to characterize RIS genomes and the genomic alterations in them. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing in 11 RIS genomes matched with normal genomes to identify somatic alterations potentially associated with RIS development. Furthermore, the abundance of mutations, mutation signatures, and structural variants in RIS were compared with those in radiation-naïve spontaneous sarcomas. The mutation abundance in RIS genomes, including one hypermutated genome, was variable. Cancer-related genes might show different types of genomic alterations. For instance, NF1, NF2, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, PIK3CA, RB1, and TP53 showed singleton somatic mutations; MYC, CDKN2A, RB1, and NF1 showed recurrent copy number alterations; and NF2, ARID1B, and RAD51B showed recurrent structural variations. The genomic footprints of nonhomologous end joining are prevalent at indels of RIS genomes compared with those in spontaneous sarcoma genomes, representing the genomic hallmark of RIS genomes. In addition, frequent chromothripsis was identified along with predisposing germline variants in the DNA-damage-repair pathways in RIS genomes. The characterization of RIS genomes on a whole-genome sequencing scale highlighted that the nonhomologous end joining pathway was associated with tumorigenesis, and it might pave the way for the development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for RIS.
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Winkelmann R, Bankov K, Döring C, Cinatl J, Grothe S, Rothweiler F, Michaelis M, Schmitt C, Wild PJ, Demes M, Cinatl J, Vallo S. Increased HRD score in cisplatin resistant penile cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1352. [PMID: 36564761 PMCID: PMC9789628 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION Penile cancer is a rare disease in demand for new therapeutic options. Frequently used combination chemotherapy with 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with metastatic penile cancer mostly results in the development of acquired drug resistance. Availability of cell culture models with acquired resistance against standard therapy could help to understand molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance and to identify candidate treatments for an efficient second line therapy. METHODS We generated a cell line from a humanpapilloma virus (HPV) negative penile squamous cell carcinoma (UKF-PEC-1). This cell line was subject to chronic exposure to chemotherapy with CDDP and / or 5-FU to induce acquired resistance in the newly established chemo-resistant sublines (PEC-1rCDDP2500, adapted to 2500 ng/ml CDDP; UKF-PEC-1r5-FU500, adapted to 500 ng/ml 5- FU; UKF-PEC1rCDDP2500/r5-FU500, adapted to 2500 ng/ml CDDP and 500 ng/ml 5 -FU). Afterwards cell line pellets were formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded and subject to sequencing as well as testing for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Additionally, exemplary immunohistochemical stainings for p53 and gammaH2AX were applied for verification purposes. Finally, UKF-PEC-1rCDDP2500, UKF-PEC-1r5-FU500, UKF-PEC1rCDDP2500/r5-FU500, and UKF-PEC-3 (an alternative penis cancer cell line) were tested for sensitivity to paclitaxel, docetaxel, olaparib, and rucaparib. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The chemo-resistant sublines differed in their mutational landscapes. UKF-PEC-1rCDDP2500 was characterized by an increased HRD score, which is supposed to be associated with increased PARP inhibitor and immune checkpoint inhibitor sensitivity in cancer. However, UKF-PEC-1rCDDP2500 did not display sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Winkelmann
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Bankov
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Grothe
- Dr. Petra Joh Forschungshaus, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Dr. Petra Joh Forschungshaus, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- grid.9759.20000 0001 2232 2818School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Christina Schmitt
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Peter J. Wild
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,grid.417999.b0000 0000 9260 4223Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Melanie Demes
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Dr. Petra Joh Forschungshaus, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Vallo
- grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,grid.411088.40000 0004 0578 8220Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany ,Urologie an der Zeil, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
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Hater N, Iwaniuk KM, Leifeld C, Grüten P, Wiek C, Raba K, Zhang F, Fischer JC, Andreassen PR, Hanenberg H, Trompeter HI. Identification of new RAD51D-regulating microRNAs that also emerge as potent inhibitors of the Fanconi anemia/homologous recombination pathways. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4241-4254. [PMID: 35904444 PMCID: PMC9759333 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) and homologous recombination (HR) pathways, which partially overlap and include RAD51 and its paralogs, are key for the repair of different types of DNA damage, such as DNA interstrand crosslinks. First, to broadly assess the impact of microRNA-mediated regulation, we examined microRNA expression profiles in five isogenic fibroblast cell pairs, either deficient in DNA repair due to germline mutations in FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCI or BRIP1/FANCJ or proficient due to correction with retroviral vectors. In each pair, we observed lower abundance of specific microRNAs in the FA-deficient cells. From the list of microRNAs, we experimentally confirmed the effects of miR-141-3p and miR-369-3p targeting RAD51B and miR-15a-5p, miR-494-3p as well as miR-544a targeting RAD51D. However, by western blotting, only RAD51D protein was reduced by a mixture of its regulating microRNAs. Gene ontology analyses and identification of additional FA/HR factors as targets of miR-15a-5p, miR-494-3p and miR-544a strongly suggested the widespread influence of these microRNAs on HR. Interestingly, only miR-494-3p directly reduced RAD51 foci formation, while a mixture of miR-15a-5p, miR-494-3p and miR-544a strongly reduced HR activity in green fluorescent protein (GFP) repair assays. In summary, by successfully employing this novel loss- and gain-of-function strategy, we have identified new microRNAs strongly inhibiting HR in mammalian cells. Understanding and modulating such miRNA regulation of DNA repair genes/pathways might help to overcome the reduced repair capacity of FA patients with biallelic hypomorphic mutations or help to engineer synthetic lethality strategies for patients with mutations in cancer-associated FA/HR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hater
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina M Iwaniuk
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carina Leifeld
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pia Grüten
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head/Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Raba
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Johannes C Fischer
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul R Andreassen
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Hans-Ingo Trompeter
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 211 8118751; Fax: +49 211 8119109;
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Zimmermann M, Bernier C, Kaiser B, Fournier S, Li L, Desjardins J, Skeldon A, Rimkunas V, Veloso A, Young JTF, Roulston A, Zinda M. Guiding ATR and PARP inhibitor combinationswith chemogenomic screens. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111081. [PMID: 35830811 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinations of ataxia telangiectasia- and Rad3-related kinase inhibitors (ATRis) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) synergistically kill tumor cells through modulation of complementary DNA repair pathways, but their tolerability is limited by hematological toxicities. To address this, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen to identify genetic alterations that hypersensitize cells to a combination of the ATRi RP-3500 with PARPi, including deficiency in RNase H2, RAD51 paralog mutations, or the "alternative lengthening of telomeres" telomere maintenance mechanism. We show that RP-3500 and PARPi combinations kill cells carrying these genetic alterations at doses sub-therapeutic as single agents. We also demonstrate the mechanism of combination hypersensitivity in RNase H2-deficient cells, where we observe an irreversible replication catastrophe, allowing us to design a highly efficacious and tolerable in vivo dosing schedule. We present a comprehensive dataset to inform development of ATRi and PARPi combinations and an experimental framework applicable to other drug combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zimmermann
- Repare Therapeutics, 7171 Rue Frederick-Banting, St-Laurent, QC H4S 1Z9, Canada.
| | - Cynthia Bernier
- Repare Therapeutics, 7171 Rue Frederick-Banting, St-Laurent, QC H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Beatrice Kaiser
- Repare Therapeutics, 7171 Rue Frederick-Banting, St-Laurent, QC H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Sara Fournier
- Repare Therapeutics, 7171 Rue Frederick-Banting, St-Laurent, QC H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Li Li
- Repare Therapeutics, 7171 Rue Frederick-Banting, St-Laurent, QC H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Jessica Desjardins
- Repare Therapeutics, 7171 Rue Frederick-Banting, St-Laurent, QC H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Alexander Skeldon
- Ventus Therapeutics, 7150 Rue Frederick-Banting, St-Laurent, QC H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Victoria Rimkunas
- Repare Therapeutics, 101 Main Street, Suite 1650, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Artur Veloso
- Repare Therapeutics, 101 Main Street, Suite 1650, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jordan T F Young
- Repare Therapeutics, 7171 Rue Frederick-Banting, St-Laurent, QC H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Anne Roulston
- Repare Therapeutics, 7171 Rue Frederick-Banting, St-Laurent, QC H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Michael Zinda
- Repare Therapeutics, 101 Main Street, Suite 1650, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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7
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Mekonnen N, Yang H, Shin YK. Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Ovarian, Breast, Colorectal, Pancreatic, Non-Small Cell Lung and Prostate Cancers, and the Mechanisms of Resistance to PARP Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880643. [PMID: 35785170 PMCID: PMC9247200 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a highly conserved DNA repair mechanism that protects cells from exogenous and endogenous DNA damage. Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) play an important role in the HR repair pathway by interacting with other DNA repair proteins such as Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins, ATM, RAD51, PALB2, MRE11A, RAD50, and NBN. These pathways are frequently aberrant in cancer, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage and genomic instability known as homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). HRD can be caused by chromosomal and subchromosomal aberrations, as well as by epigenetic inactivation of tumor suppressor gene promoters. Deficiency in one or more HR genes increases the risk of many malignancies. Another conserved mechanism involved in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) is base excision repair, in which poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes play an important role. PARP inhibitors (PARPIs) convert SSBs to more cytotoxic double-strand breaks, which are repaired in HR-proficient cells, but remain unrepaired in HRD. The blockade of both HR and base excision repair pathways is the basis of PARPI therapy. The use of PARPIs can be expanded to sporadic cancers displaying the “BRCAness” phenotype. Although PARPIs are effective in many cancers, their efficacy is limited by the development of resistance. In this review, we summarize the prevalence of HRD due to mutation, loss of heterozygosity, and promoter hypermethylation of 35 DNA repair genes in ovarian, breast, colorectal, pancreatic, non-small cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer. The underlying mechanisms and strategies to overcome PARPI resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negesse Mekonnen
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Hobin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- LOGONE Bio Convergence Research Foundation, Center for Companion Diagnostics, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Kee Shin,
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8
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Shi Y, Shen M, Xu M, Tao M, Chen K, Zhu Q. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for RAD51 Family in Human Breast Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4925-4936. [PMID: 35601003 PMCID: PMC9115836 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s350971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The RAD51 family of genes, including RAD51 and the five RAD51-like paralogs (RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, and XRCC3), are known to be crucially associated with DNA damage repair pathway. Increasing evidence indicated that RAD51 family members were implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis. However, their biological roles and prognostic values in breast cancer have yet to be clarified. Methods In this study, by using the Oncomine and GEPIA databases, we explored the transcriptional levels of RAD51 family members in breast cancer. Besides, the associations between RAD51 family expression and clinical features were evaluated by using the UALCAN database and Kaplan-Meier (KM) Plotter. We also analyzed the mutations of the RAD51 family and differentially altered genes from the cBioPortal database. Results We found that RAD51 mRNA was significantly elevated in breast cancer samples than in normal tissues, while XRCC2 mRNA was downregulated. Besides, a remarkable correlation was detected between the expression of RAD51/RAD51B/XRCC2 genes and the breast cancer stage. Survival analysis utilizing the KM Plotter indicated that high RAD51 and XRCC3 mRNA was associated with a poor prognosis. Conversely, RFS data suggested that high levels of RAD51B/RAD51C/RAD51D/XRCC2 were associated with a favorable prognosis. Moreover, a high genetic variation rate of RAD51C (7%) was detected in breast cancer patients. Conclusion Conclusively, we implied that RAD51 and XRCC3 might be potential targets for precision therapy in breast cancer and the RAD51B/RAD51C/RAD51D/XRCC2 genes have significant values for breast cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengdan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Ajaz S, Zaidi SEZ, Ali S, Siddiqa A, Memon MA. Germline Mutation Analysis in Sporadic Breast Cancer Cases With Clinical Correlations. Front Genet 2022; 13:820610. [PMID: 35356428 PMCID: PMC8959921 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.820610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Demographics for breast cancers vary widely among nations. The frequency of germline mutations in breast cancers, which reflects the hereditary cases, has not been investigated adequately and accurately in highly-consanguineous Pakistani population. In the present discovery case series, germ-line mutations in twenty-seven breast cancer candidate genes were investigated in eighty-four sporadic breast cancer patients along with the clinical correlations. The germ-line variants were also assessed in two healthy gender-matched controls. The clinico-pathological features were evaluated by descriptive analysis and Pearson χ2 test (with significant p-value <0.05). The most frequent parameters associated with hereditary cancer cases are age and ethnicity. Therefore, the analyses were stratified on the basis of age (≤40 years vs. >40 years) and ethnicity. The breast cancer gene panel assay was carried out by BROCA, which is a genomic capture, massively parallel next generation sequencing assay on Illumina Hiseq2000 with 100bp read lengths. Copy number variations were determined by partially-mapped read algorithm. Once the mutation was identified, it was validated by Sanger sequencing. The ethnic analysis stratified on the basis of age showed that the frequency of breast cancer at young age (≤40 years) was higher in Sindhis (n = 12/19; 64%) in contrast to patients in other ethnic groups. Majority of the patients had stage III (38.1%), grade III (50%), tumor size 2–5 cm (54.8%), and invasive ductal carcinoma (81%). Overall, the analysis revealed germ-line mutations in 11.9% of the patients, which was not significantly associated with younger age or any particular ethnicity. The mutational spectrum was restricted to three genes: BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53. The identified mutations consist of seven novel germ-line mutations, while three mutations have been reported previously. All the mutations are predicted to result in protein truncation. No mutations were identified in the remaining twenty-four candidate breast cancer genes. The present study provides the framework for the development of hereditary-based preventive and treatment strategies against breast cancers in Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ajaz
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Sadia Ajaz, ,
| | - Sani-e-Zehra Zaidi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saleema Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Siddiqa
- Atomic Energy Medical Centre (AEMC), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Memon
- Atomic Energy Medical Centre (AEMC), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan
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10
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Setton J, Selenica P, Mukherjee S, Shah R, Pecorari I, McMillan B, Pei IX, Kemel Y, Ceyhan-Birsoy O, Sheehan M, Tkachuk K, Brown DN, Zhang L, Cadoo K, Powell S, Weigelt B, Robson M, Riaz N, Offit K, Reis-Filho JS, Mandelker D. Germline RAD51B variants confer susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers deficient in homologous recombination. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:135. [PMID: 34635660 PMCID: PMC8505423 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic germline mutations in the RAD51 paralog genes RAD51C and RAD51D, are known to confer susceptibility to ovarian and triple-negative breast cancer. Here, we investigated whether germline loss-of-function variants affecting another RAD51 paralog gene, RAD51B, are also associated with breast and ovarian cancer. Among 3422 consecutively accrued breast and ovarian cancer patients consented to tumor/germline sequencing, the observed carrier frequency of loss-of-function germline RAD51B variants was significantly higher than control cases from the gnomAD population database (0.26% vs 0.09%), with an odds ratio of 2.69 (95% CI: 1.4-5.3). Furthermore, we demonstrate that tumors harboring biallelic RAD51B alteration are deficient in homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency (HRD), as evidenced by analysis of sequencing data and in vitro functional assays. Our findings suggest that RAD51B should be considered as an addition to clinical germline testing panels for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Setton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- GROW School for Ontology and Developmental Biology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Rachna Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Isabella Pecorari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Biko McMillan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Isaac X Pei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yelena Kemel
- Niehaus Center of Inherited Cancer Genomics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ozge Ceyhan-Birsoy
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Margaret Sheehan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Tkachuk
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David N Brown
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Karen Cadoo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Simon Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mark Robson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nadeem Riaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Diana Mandelker
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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11
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Abrahams L, Savisaar R, Mordstein C, Young B, Kudla G, Hurst LD. Evidence in disease and non-disease contexts that nonsense mutations cause altered splicing via motif disruption. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9665-9685. [PMID: 34469537 PMCID: PMC8464065 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcripts containing premature termination codons (PTCs) can be subject to nonsense-associated alternative splicing (NAS). Two models have been evoked to explain this, scanning and splice motif disruption. The latter postulates that exonic cis motifs, such as exonic splice enhancers (ESEs), are disrupted by nonsense mutations. We employ genome-wide transcriptomic and k-mer enrichment methods to scrutinize this model. First, we show that ESEs are prone to disruptive nonsense mutations owing to their purine richness and paucity of TGA, TAA and TAG. The motif model correctly predicts that NAS rates should be low (we estimate 5–30%) and approximately in line with estimates for the rate at which random point mutations disrupt splicing (8–20%). Further, we find that, as expected, NAS-associated PTCs are predictable from nucleotide-based machine learning approaches to predict splice disruption and, at least for pathogenic variants, are enriched in ESEs. Finally, we find that both in and out of frame mutations to TAA, TGA or TAG are associated with exon skipping. While a higher relative frequency of such skip-inducing mutations in-frame than out of frame lends some credence to the scanning model, these results reinforce the importance of considering splice motif modulation to understand the etiology of PTC-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Abrahams
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Rosina Savisaar
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christine Mordstein
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, C F Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bethan Young
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Grzegorz Kudla
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Laurence D Hurst
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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12
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Zarrizi R, Higgs MR, Voßgröne K, Rossing M, Bertelsen B, Bose M, Kousholt AN, Rösner H, Network TC, Ejlertsen B, Stewart GS, Nielsen FC, Sørensen CS. Germline RBBP8 variants associated with early-onset breast cancer compromise replication fork stability. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4069-4080. [PMID: 32379725 DOI: 10.1172/jci127521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of factors governing genome stability underlies hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. One significant pathway that is disabled as a result is homologous recombination repair (HRR). With the aim of identifying new candidate genes, we examined early-onset breast cancer patients negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants. Here, we focused on CtIP (RBBP8 gene), which mediates HRR through the end resection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Notably, these patients exhibited a number of rare germline RBBP8 variants. Functional analysis revealed that these variants did not affect DNA DSB end resection efficiency. However, expression of a subset of variants led to deleterious nucleolytic degradation of stalled DNA replication forks in a manner similar to that of cells lacking BRCA1 or BRCA2. In contrast to BRCA1 and BRCA2, CtIP deficiency promoted the helicase-driven destabilization of RAD51 nucleofilaments at damaged DNA replication forks. Taken together, our work identifies CtIP as a critical regulator of DNA replication fork integrity, which, when compromised, may predispose to the development of early-onset breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Zarrizi
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin R Higgs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karolin Voßgröne
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Bertelsen
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Muthiah Bose
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Heike Rösner
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus S Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Sanoguera-Miralles L, Valenzuela-Palomo A, Bueno-Martínez E, Llovet P, Díez-Gómez B, Caloca MJ, Pérez-Segura P, Fraile-Bethencourt E, Colmena M, Carvalho S, Allen J, Easton DF, Devilee P, Vreeswijk MPG, de la Hoya M, Velasco EA. Comprehensive Functional Characterization and Clinical Interpretation of 20 Splice-Site Variants of the RAD51C Gene. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3771. [PMID: 33333735 PMCID: PMC7765170 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease with more than 10 known disease-associated genes. In the framework of the BRIDGES project (Breast Cancer Risk after Diagnostic Gene Sequencing), the RAD51C gene has been sequenced in 60,466 breast cancer patients and 53,461 controls. We aimed at functionally characterizing all the identified genetic variants that are predicted to disrupt the splicing process. Forty RAD51C variants of the intron-exon boundaries were bioinformatically analyzed, 20 of which were selected for splicing functional assays. To test them, a splicing reporter minigene with exons 2 to 8 was designed and constructed. This minigene generated a full-length transcript of the expected size (1062 nucleotides), sequence, and structure (Vector exon V1- RAD51C exons_2-8- Vector exon V2). The 20 candidate variants were genetically engineered into the wild type minigene and functionally assayed in MCF-7 cells. Nineteen variants (95%) impaired splicing, while 18 of them produced severe splicing anomalies. At least 35 transcripts were generated by the mutant minigenes: 16 protein-truncating, 6 in-frame, and 13 minor uncharacterized isoforms. According to ACMG/AMP-based standards, 15 variants could be classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants: c.404G > A, c.405-6T > A, c.571 + 4A > G, c.571 + 5G > A, c.572-1G > T, c.705G > T, c.706-2A > C, c.706-2A > G, c.837 + 2T > C, c.905-3C > G, c.905-2A > C, c.905-2_905-1del, c.965 + 5G > A, c.1026 + 5_1026 + 7del, and c.1026 + 5G > T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Sanoguera-Miralles
- Splicing and Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UVa), 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (A.V.-P.); (E.B.-M.); (B.D.-G.); (E.F.-B.)
| | - Alberto Valenzuela-Palomo
- Splicing and Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UVa), 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (A.V.-P.); (E.B.-M.); (B.D.-G.); (E.F.-B.)
| | - Elena Bueno-Martínez
- Splicing and Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UVa), 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (A.V.-P.); (E.B.-M.); (B.D.-G.); (E.F.-B.)
| | - Patricia Llovet
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.); (P.P.-S.); (M.C.)
| | - Beatriz Díez-Gómez
- Splicing and Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UVa), 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (A.V.-P.); (E.B.-M.); (B.D.-G.); (E.F.-B.)
| | - María José Caloca
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UVa), 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Pedro Pérez-Segura
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.); (P.P.-S.); (M.C.)
| | - Eugenia Fraile-Bethencourt
- Splicing and Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UVa), 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (A.V.-P.); (E.B.-M.); (B.D.-G.); (E.F.-B.)
- Knight Cancer Research Building, 2720 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Marta Colmena
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.); (P.P.-S.); (M.C.)
| | - Sara Carvalho
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (S.C.); (J.A.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Jamie Allen
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (S.C.); (J.A.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (S.C.); (J.A.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Peter Devilee
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (P.D.); (M.P.G.V.)
| | - Maaike P. G. Vreeswijk
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (P.D.); (M.P.G.V.)
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.); (P.P.-S.); (M.C.)
| | - Eladio A. Velasco
- Splicing and Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UVa), 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (A.V.-P.); (E.B.-M.); (B.D.-G.); (E.F.-B.)
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14
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Sunshine JC, Kim D, Zhang B, Compres EV, Khan AU, Busam KJ, Gerami P. Melanocytic Neoplasms With MAP2K1 in Frame Deletions and Spitz Morphology. Am J Dermatopathol 2020; 42:923-31. [PMID: 33289976 DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000001795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of better molecular characterization of Spitz melanocytic neoplasms, there has been increasing effort to better understand and describe the relationships between specific driver fusion and/or mutations with the clinical and histomorphological characteristics of the lesions. Structural rearrangements in mitogen activated protein kinase genes have recently been noted to be important in Spitz neoplasms. Only very few reports, however, have described in detail melanocytic tumors with in frame deletions in MAP2K1. Cases in the literature with this aberration have been described as having a diagnosis of Spitz, deep penetrating nevi, or pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma. In this study, we describe a cohort of 6 cases with MAP2K1 activating in frame deletions. The morphologic spectrum of the cases was broad. Common features of these cases include Spitzoid cytomorphology (5/6) cases, prominent melanin pigmentation (4/6) cases, and deep penetrating nevi-like plexiform architecture (3/6) cases. The diagnoses at the time of clinical care of these cases included nevus of Reed (1/6), desmoplastic Spitz tumor (1/6), BAPoma (1/6), deep penetrating melanocytic nevus (2/6), and melanoma (1/6). Clinical follow-up was available in 3 of the 6 cases. None of the patients had a tumor recurrence. This builds on the growing literature to help expand the spectrum of changes associated with Spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms.
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15
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Grundy MK, Buckanovich RJ, Bernstein KA. Regulation and pharmacological targeting of RAD51 in cancer. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa024. [PMID: 33015624 PMCID: PMC7520849 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of homologous recombination (HR) is central for cancer prevention. However, too little HR can increase cancer incidence, whereas too much HR can drive cancer resistance to therapy. Importantly, therapeutics targeting HR deficiency have demonstrated a profound efficacy in the clinic improving patient outcomes, particularly for breast and ovarian cancer. RAD51 is central to DNA damage repair in the HR pathway. As such, understanding the function and regulation of RAD51 is essential for cancer biology. This review will focus on the role of RAD51 in cancer and beyond and how modulation of its function can be exploited as a cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie K Grundy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kara A Bernstein
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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16
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Germani A, Petrucci S, De Marchis L, Libi F, Savio C, Amanti C, Bonifacino A, Campanella B, Capalbo C, Lombardi A, Maggi S, Mattei M, Osti MF, Pellegrini P, Speranza A, Stanzani G, Vitale V, Pizzuti A, Torrisi MR, Piane M. Beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2: Deleterious Variants in DNA Repair Pathway Genes in Italian Families with Breast/Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancers. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9093003. [PMID: 32957588 PMCID: PMC7563793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5–10% of breast/ovarian cancers (BC and OC) are inherited, and germline pathogenic (P) variants in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 explain only 10–20% of these cases. Currently, new DDR genes have been related to BC/OC and to pancreatic (PC) cancers, but the prevalence of P variants remains to be explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spectrum and the prevalence of pathogenic variants in DDR pathway genes other than BRCA1/2 and to correlate the genotype with the clinical phenotype. A cohort of 113 non-BRCA patients was analyzed by next-generation sequencing using a multigene panel of the 25 DDR pathways genes related to BC, OC, and PC. We found 43 unique variants in 18 of 25 analyzed genes, 14 classified as P/likely pathogenic (LP) and 28 as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Deleterious variants were identified in 14% of index cases, whereas a VUS was identified in 20% of the probands. We observed a high incidence of deleterious variants in the CHEK2 gene, and a new pathogenic variant was detected in the RECQL gene. These results supported the clinical utility of multigene panel to increase the detection of P/LP carriers and to identify new actionable pathogenic gene variants useful for preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Germani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Simona Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Laura De Marchis
- Department of Radiological Anatomopathological, Oncological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- Umberto I University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Libi
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Camilla Savio
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Claudio Amanti
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Bonifacino
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Campanella
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - Augusto Lombardi
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Maggi
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Mattei
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Mattia Falchetto Osti
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Annarita Speranza
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Gianluca Stanzani
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Valeria Vitale
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- Clinical Genomics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Suszynska M, Ratajska M, Kozlowski P. BRIP1, RAD51C, and RAD51D mutations are associated with high susceptibility to ovarian cancer: mutation prevalence and precise risk estimates based on a pooled analysis of ~30,000 cases. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:50. [PMID: 32359370 PMCID: PMC7196220 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is estimated that more than 20% of ovarian cancer cases are associated with a genetic predisposition that is only partially explained by germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Recently, several pieces of evidence showed that mutations in three genes involved in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway, i.e., BRIP1, RAD51C, and RAD51D, are associated with a high risk of ovarian cancer. To more precisely estimate the ovarian cancer risk attributed to BRIP1, RAD51C, and RAD51D mutations, we performed a meta-analysis based on a comparison of a total of ~ 29,400 ovarian cancer patients from 63 studies and a total of ~ 116,000 controls from the gnomAD database. Results The analysis allowed precise estimation of ovarian cancer risks attributed to mutations in BRIP1, RAD51C, and RAD51D, confirming that all three genes are ovarian cancer high-risk genes (odds ratio (OR) = 4.94, 95%CIs:4.07–6.00, p < 0.0001; OR = 5.59, 95%CIs:4.42–7.07, p < 0.0001; and OR = 6.94, 95%CIs:5.10–9.44, p < 0.0001, respectively). In the present report, we show, for the first time, a mutation-specific risk analysis associated with distinct, recurrent, mutations in the genes. Conclusions The meta-analysis provides evidence supporting the pathogenicity of BRIP1, RAD51C, and RAD51D mutations in relation to ovarian cancer. The level of ovarian cancer risk conferred by these mutations is relatively high, indicating that after BRCA1 and BRCA2, the BRIP1, RAD51C, and RAD51D genes are the most important ovarian cancer risk genes, cumulatively contributing to ~ 2% of ovarian cancer cases. The inclusion of the genes into routine diagnostic tests may influence both the prevention and the potential treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Suszynska
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14 Street, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ratajska
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 60 Hanover Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.,Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 St., 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14 Street, 61-704, Poznan, Poland.
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18
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Wong W, Raufi AG, Safyan RA, Bates SE, Manji GA. BRCA Mutations in Pancreas Cancer: Spectrum, Current Management, Challenges and Future Prospects. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2731-2742. [PMID: 32368150 PMCID: PMC7185320 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s211151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenging disease to treat. Despite advances in surgical techniques, radiation, and medical therapies, the 5-year survival rate remains below 9%. Over the past decade, the genomic landscape of PDAC has been well studied and BRCA mutations have emerged as a target for the development of more effective therapies. Alterations in germline BRCA and PALB2 are detected in approximately 5-9% of patients with PDAC and can lead to homologous repair deficiency (HRD). PDAC with HRD is more susceptible to cytotoxic agents, such as platinum salts and topoisomerase inhibitors, that cause DNA damage. Furthermore, PARP inhibitors have emerged as an effective non-cytotoxic approach to treating HRD-PDAC. In addition to BRCA and PALB2, germline mutations in other genes involved in the homologous DNA repair pathway - such as ATM and RAD51 - are potential targets, as are patients with the "BRCAness" phenotype and somatic mutations in the DNA repair pathway. Given the clinical implications of germline mutation related HRD in PDAC, universal germline testing is now recommended. In this review, we will discuss current and emerging biomarkers for HRD in PDAC, treatments, and the challenges associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Wong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital Herbert Irving Pavilion, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - Alexander G Raufi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital Herbert Irving Pavilion, New York, NY10032, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Warren-Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rachael A Safyan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital Herbert Irving Pavilion, New York, NY10032, USA
| | - Susan E Bates
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital Herbert Irving Pavilion, New York, NY10032, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, The Bronx, NY10468, USA
| | - Gulam A Manji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital Herbert Irving Pavilion, New York, NY10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital Herbert Irving Pavilion, New York, NY10032, USA
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19
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Pardini B, Corrado A, Paolicchi E, Cugliari G, Berndt SI, Bezieau S, Bien SA, Brenner H, Caan BJ, Campbell PT, Casey G, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Cotterchio M, Gala M, Gallinger SJ, Haile RW, Harrison TA, Hayes RB, Hoffmeister M, Hopper JL, Hsu L, Huyghe J, Jenkins MA, Le Marchand L, Lin Y, Lindor NM, Nan H, Newcomb PA, Ogino S, Potter JD, Schoen RE, Slattery ML, White E, Vodickova L, Vymetalkova V, Vodicka P, Gemignani F, Peters U, Naccarati A, Landi S. DNA repair and cancer in colon and rectum: Novel players in genetic susceptibility. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:363-372. [PMID: 31209889 PMCID: PMC7301215 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interindividual differences in DNA repair systems may play a role in modulating the individual risk of developing colorectal cancer. To better ascertain the role of DNA repair gene polymorphisms on colon and rectal cancer risk individually, we evaluated 15,419 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 185 DNA repair genes using GWAS data from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR) and the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO), which included 8,178 colon cancer, 2,936 rectum cancer cases and 14,659 controls. Rs1800734 (in MLH1 gene) was associated with colon cancer risk (p-value = 3.5 × 10-6 ) and rs2189517 (in RAD51B) with rectal cancer risk (p-value = 5.7 × 10-6 ). The results had statistical significance close to the Bonferroni corrected p-value of 5.8 × 10-6 . Ninety-four SNPs were significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk after Binomial Sequential Goodness of Fit (BSGoF) procedure and confirmed the relevance of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and homologous recombination pathways for colon and rectum cancer, respectively. Defects in MMR genes are known to be crucial for familial form of colorectal cancer but our findings suggest that specific genetic variations in MLH1 are important also in the individual predisposition to sporadic colon cancer. Other SNPs associated with the risk of colon cancer (e.g., rs16906252 in MGMT) were found to affect mRNA expression levels in colon transverse and therefore working as possible cis-eQTL suggesting possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alda Corrado
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cugliari
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD. USA
| | - Stephane Bezieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, France
| | - Stephanie A. Bien
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bette J. Caan
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Peter T. Campbell
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Manish Gala
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Tabitha A. Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John L. Hopper
- Melborne School of Population Health, The University of Melborne, Melborne, Australia
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeroen Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark A. Jenkins
- Melborne School of Population Health, The University of Melborne, Melborne, Australia
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Research Cancer Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noralane M. Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Polly A. Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; all in, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John D. Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert E. Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha L. Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Jarhelle E, Riise Stensland HMF, Hansen GÅM, Skarsfjord S, Jonsrud C, Ingebrigtsen M, Strømsvik N, Van Ghelue M. Identifying sequence variants contributing to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 negative breast and ovarian cancer patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19986. [PMID: 31882575 PMCID: PMC6934654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Families with breast and ovarian cancer are often tested for disease associated sequence variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Pathogenic sequence variants (PVs) in these two genes are known to increase breast and ovarian cancer risks in females. However, in most families no PVs are detected in these two genes. Currently, several studies have identified other genes involved in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). To identify genetic risk factors for breast and ovarian cancer in a Norwegian HBOC cohort, 101 breast and/or ovarian cancer patients negative for PVs and variants of unknown clinical significance (VUS) in BRCA1/2 were screened for PVs in 94 genes using next-generation sequencing. Sixteen genes were closely scrutinized. Nine different deleterious germline PVs/likely pathogenic variants (LPVs) were identified in seven genes in 12 patients: three in ATM, and one in CHEK2, ERCC5, FANCM, RAD51C, TP53 and WRN. Additionally, 32 different VUSs were identified and these require further characterization. For carriers of PV/LPV in many of these genes, there are no national clinical management programs in Norway. The diversity of genetic risk factors possibly involved in cancer development show the necessity for more knowledge to improve the clinical follow-up of this genetically diverse patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Jarhelle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. .,Northern Norway Family Cancer Center, Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Hilde Monica Frostad Riise Stensland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Northern Norway Family Cancer Center, Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Geir Åsmund Myge Hansen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Northern Norway Family Cancer Center, Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Siri Skarsfjord
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christoffer Jonsrud
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Northern Norway Family Cancer Center, Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Monica Ingebrigtsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nina Strømsvik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Northern Norway Family Cancer Center, Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marijke Van Ghelue
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. .,Northern Norway Family Cancer Center, Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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21
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Casadei S, Gulsuner S, Shirts BH, Mandell JB, Kortbawi HM, Norquist BS, Swisher EM, Lee MK, Goldberg Y, O'Connor R, Tan Z, Pritchard CC, King MC, Walsh T. Characterization of splice-altering mutations in inherited predisposition to cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019:201915608. [PMID: 31843900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915608116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations responsible for inherited disease may act by disrupting normal transcriptional splicing. Such mutations can be difficult to detect, and their effects difficult to characterize, because many lie deep within exons or introns where they may alter splice enhancers or silencers or introduce new splice acceptors or donors. Multiple mutation-specific and genome-wide approaches have been developed to evaluate these classes of mutations. We introduce a complementary experimental approach, cBROCA, which yields qualitative and quantitative assessments of the effects of genomic mutations on transcriptional splicing of tumor suppressor genes. cBROCA analysis is undertaken by deriving complementary DNA (cDNA) from puromycin-treated patient lymphoblasts, hybridizing the cDNA to the BROCA panel of tumor suppressor genes, and then multiplex sequencing to very high coverage. At each splice junction suggested by split sequencing reads, read depths of test and control samples are compared. Significant Z scores indicate altered transcripts, over and above naturally occurring minor transcripts, and comparisons of read depths indicate relative abundances of mutant and normal transcripts. BROCA analysis of genomic DNA suggested 120 rare mutations from 150 families with cancers of the breast, ovary, uterus, or colon, in >600 informative genotyped relatives. cBROCA analysis of their transcripts revealed a wide variety of consequences of abnormal splicing in tumor suppressor genes, including whole or partial exon skipping, exonification of intronic sequence, loss or gain of exonic and intronic splicing enhancers and silencers, complete intron retention, hypomorphic alleles, and combinations of these alterations. Combined with pedigree analysis, cBROCA sequencing contributes to understanding the clinical consequences of rare inherited mutations.
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22
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Sousa JFD, Serafim RB, Freitas LMD, Fontana CR, Valente V. DNA repair genes in astrocytoma tumorigenesis, progression and therapy resistance. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 43:e20190066. [PMID: 31930277 PMCID: PMC7198033 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor,
showing rapid development and resistance to therapies. On average, patients
survive 14.6 months after diagnosis and less than 5% survive five years or more.
Several pieces of evidence have suggested that the DNA damage signaling and
repair activities are directly correlated with GBM phenotype and exhibit
opposite functions in cancer establishment and progression. The functions of
these pathways appear to present a dual role in tumorigenesis and cancer
progression. Activation and/or overexpression of ATRX, ATM and RAD51 genes were
extensively characterized as barriers for GBM initiation, but paradoxically the
exacerbated activity of these genes was further associated with cancer
progression to more aggressive stages. Excessive amounts of other DNA repair
proteins, namely HJURP, EXO1, NEIL3, BRCA2, and BRIP, have also been connected
to proliferative competence, resistance and poor prognosis. This scenario
suggests that these networks help tumor cells to manage replicative stress and
treatment-induced damage, diminishing genome instability and conferring therapy
resistance. Finally, in this review we address promising new drugs and
therapeutic approaches with potential to improve patient survival. However,
despite all technological advances, the prognosis is still dismal and further
research is needed to dissect such complex mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ferreira de Sousa
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Rodolfo Bortolozo Serafim
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Marise de Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Valeria Valente
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Centro de Terapia Celular (CEPID-FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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23
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Seguin L, Chaffanet M, Garnier S, Adélaïde J, Carbuccia N, Guille A, Pakradouni J, Sabatier R, Popovici C, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F, Goncalves A. Major Response to Carboplatin in a Patient With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer With Somatic Mutation of BRCA1 and Loss of RAD51B. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1-9. [DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorène Seguin
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Max Chaffanet
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Séverine Garnier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - José Adélaïde
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Carbuccia
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Guille
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Renaud Sabatier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Goncalves
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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24
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Dutil J, Teer JK, Golubeva V, Yoder S, Tong WL, Arroyo N, Karam R, Echenique M, Matta JL, Monteiro AN. Germline variants in cancer genes in high-risk non-BRCA patients from Puerto Rico. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17769. [PMID: 31780696 PMCID: PMC6882826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited pathogenic variants in genes that confer moderate to high risk of breast cancer may explain up to 50% of familial breast cancer. This study aimed at identifying inherited pathogenic variants in breast cancer cases from Puerto Rico that were not linked to BRCA1 or BRCA2. Forty-eight breast cancer patients that met the clinical criteria for BRCA testing but had received a negative BRCA1/2 result were recruited. Fifty-three genes previously implicated in hereditary cancer predisposition were captured using the BROCA Agilent cancer risk panel followed by massively parallel sequencing. Missense variants of uncertain clinical significance in CHEK2 were evaluated using an in vitro kinase assays to determine their impact on function. Pathogenic variants were identified in CHEK2, MUTYH, and RAD51B in four breast cancer patients, which represented 8.3% of the cohort. We identified three rare missense variants of uncertain significance in CHEK2 and two variants (p.Pro484Leu and p.Glu239Lys) showed markedly decreased kinase activity in vitro comparable to a known pathogenic variant. Interestingly, the local ancestry at the RAD51B locus in the carrier of p.Arg47* was predicted to be of African origin. In this cohort, 12.5% of the BRCA-negative breast cancer patients were found to carry a known pathogenic variant or a variant affecting protein activity. This study reveals an unmet clinical need of genetic testing that could benefit a significant proportion of at-risk Latinas. It also highlights the complexity of Hispanic populations as pathogenic factors may originate from any of the ancestral populations that make up their genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dutil
- Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA.
| | - Jamie K Teer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Volha Golubeva
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sean Yoder
- Molecular Genomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Lue Tong
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nelly Arroyo
- Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | | | - Miguel Echenique
- Auxilio Cancer Center, Auxilio Mutuo Hospital, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Jaime L Matta
- Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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25
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Garcin EB, Gon S, Sullivan MR, Brunette GJ, Cian A, Concordet JP, Giovannangeli C, Dirks WG, Eberth S, Bernstein KA, Prakash R, Jasin M, Modesti M. Differential Requirements for the RAD51 Paralogs in Genome Repair and Maintenance in Human Cells. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008355. [PMID: 31584931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in several of the classical human RAD51 paralogs [RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3] is associated with cancer predisposition and Fanconi anemia. To investigate their functions, isogenic disruption mutants for each were generated in non-transformed MCF10A mammary epithelial cells and in transformed U2OS and HEK293 cells. In U2OS and HEK293 cells, viable ablated clones were readily isolated for each RAD51 paralog; in contrast, with the exception of RAD51B, RAD51 paralogs are cell-essential in MCF10A cells. Underlining their importance for genomic stability, mutant cell lines display variable growth defects, impaired sister chromatid recombination, reduced levels of stable RAD51 nuclear foci, and hyper-sensitivity to mitomycin C and olaparib, with the weakest phenotypes observed in RAD51B-deficient cells. Altogether these observations underscore the contributions of RAD51 paralogs in diverse DNA repair processes, and demonstrate essential differences in different cell types. Finally, this study will provide useful reagents to analyze patient-derived mutations and to investigate mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance deployed by cancers.
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26
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Toss A, Molinaro E, Sammarini M, Del Savio MC, Cortesi L, Facchinetti F, Grandi G. Hereditary ovarian cancers: state of the art. Minerva Med 2019; 110:301-319. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.06091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Harris JL, Rabellino A, Khanna KK. RAD51 paralogs promote genomic integrity and chemoresistance in cancer by facilitating homologous recombination. Ann Transl Med 2018; 6:S122. [PMID: 30740443 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.12.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Rabellino
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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28
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Ding YC, Adamson AW, Steele L, Bailis AM, John EM, Tomlinson G, Neuhausen SL. Discovery of mutations in homologous recombination genes in African-American women with breast cancer. Fam Cancer 2018; 17:187-195. [PMID: 28864920 PMCID: PMC5834346 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-017-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
African-American women are more likely to develop aggressive breast cancer at younger ages and experience poorer cancer prognoses than non-Hispanic Caucasians. Deficiency in repair of DNA by homologous recombination (HR) is associated with cancer development, suggesting that mutations in genes that affect this process may cause breast cancer. Inherited pathogenic mutations have been identified in genes involved in repairing DNA damage, but few studies have focused on African-Americans. We screened for germline mutations in seven HR repair pathway genes in DNA of 181 African-American women with breast cancer, evaluated the potential effects of identified missense variants using in silico prediction software, and functionally characterized a set of missense variants by yeast two-hybrid assays. We identified five likely-damaging variants, including two PALB2 truncating variants (Q151X and W1038X) and three novel missense variants (RAD51C C135R, and XRCC3 L297P and V337E) that abolish protein-protein interactions in yeast two-hybrid assays. Our results add to evidence that HR gene mutations account for a proportion of the genetic risk for developing breast cancer in African-Americans. Identifying additional mutations that diminish HR may provide a tool for better assessing breast cancer risk and improving approaches for targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Aaron W Adamson
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Linda Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Bailis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
- Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology), and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gail Tomlinson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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29
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Neidhardt G, Becker A, Hauke J, Horváth J, Bogdanova Markov N, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Hellebrand H, Thiele H, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Meindl A, Rhiem K, Blümcke B, Wappenschmidt B, Schmutzler RK, Hahnen E. The RAD51C exonic splice-site mutations c.404G>C and c.404G>T are associated with familial breast and ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2017; 26:165-9. [PMID: 27622768 DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Whereas RAD51C mutations increase the relative risk for ovarian cancer (OC) to 5.88 (95% confidence interval=2.91-11.88, P=7.65×10), the associated risks for breast cancer (BC) remain largely unknown, as deleterious RAD51C alterations are extremely rare in BC-only families. Here, we report the results of a RAD51C mutational screening in a large series of German familial index patients negative for pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations and the in-vitro characterization of two novel exonic RAD51C splice-site mutations. A total of 610 index cases derived from BC/OC (n=587) or OC-only families (n=23) were screened for potentially deleterious germline mutations in RAD51C. The frequencies of two splice-site mutations were assessed by single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping in 1410 additional cases not enriched for OC family history. In three independent families, we identified novel splice-site mutations affecting the last nucleotide of exon 2 (c.404G>C, c.404G>T). Both mutations disrupt proper RAD51C pre-mRNA processing and cause a missense substitution immediately followed by a stop codon (p.Cys135Serfs*2; p.Cys135Leufs*2). Even though both mutations have similar effects on the protein level, they are associated with either BC/OC, OC-only, or BC-only family histories. The rare finding of a clearly truncating RAD51C mutation in an early-onset BC patient with a BC-only family history supports the notion that compromised RAD51C function may result in both BC and OC. Large international collaborative studies are needed to quantify the relative risk of RAD51C alterations for BC and to unravel the genetic modifying factors that determine phenotypic variability with respect to cancer site.
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30
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Mishra A, Saxena S, Kaushal A, Nagaraju G. RAD51C/XRCC3 Facilitates Mitochondrial DNA Replication and Maintains Integrity of the Mitochondrial Genome. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:e00489-17. [PMID: 29158291 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00489-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying mitochondrial genome maintenance have recently gained wide attention, as mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lead to inherited muscular and neurological diseases, which are linked to aging and cancer. It was previously reported that human RAD51, RAD51C, and XRCC3 localize to mitochondria upon oxidative stress and are required for the maintenance of mtDNA stability. Since RAD51 and RAD51 paralogs are spontaneously imported into mitochondria, their precise role in mtDNA maintenance under unperturbed conditions remains elusive. Here, we show that RAD51C/XRCC3 is an additional component of the mitochondrial nucleoid having nucleus-independent roles in mtDNA maintenance. RAD51C/XRCC3 localizes to the mtDNA regulatory regions in the D-loop along with the mitochondrial polymerase POLG, and this recruitment is dependent upon Twinkle helicase. Moreover, upon replication stress, RAD51C and XRCC3 are further enriched at the mtDNA mutation hot spot region D310. Notably, the absence of RAD51C/XRCC3 affects the stability of POLG on mtDNA. As a consequence, RAD51C/XRCC3-deficient cells exhibit reduced mtDNA synthesis and increased lesions in the mitochondrial genome, leading to overall unhealthy mitochondria. Together, these findings lead to the proposal of a mechanism for a direct role of RAD51C/XRCC3 in maintaining mtDNA integrity under replication stress conditions.
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31
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Li N, Rowley SM, Thompson ER, McInerny S, Devereux L, Amarasinghe KC, Zethoven M, Lupat R, Goode D, Li J, Trainer AH, Gorringe KL, James PA, Campbell IG. Evaluating the breast cancer predisposition role of rare variants in genes associated with low-penetrance breast cancer risk SNPs. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:3. [PMID: 29316957 PMCID: PMC5761188 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with small increases in breast cancer risk. Studies to date suggest that some SNPs alter the expression of the associated genes, which potentially mediates risk modification. On this basis, we hypothesised that some of these genes may be enriched for rare coding variants associated with a higher breast cancer risk. Methods The coding regions and exon-intron boundaries of 56 genes that have either been proposed by GWASs to be the regulatory targets of the SNPs and/or located < 500 kb from the risk SNPs were sequenced in index cases from 1043 familial breast cancer families that previously had negative test results for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and 944 population-matched cancer-free control participants from an Australian population. Rare (minor allele frequency ≤ 0.001 in the Exome Aggregation Consortium and Exome Variant Server databases) loss-of-function (LoF) and missense variants were studied. Results LoF variants were rare in both the cases and control participants across all the candidate genes, with only 38 different LoF variants observed in a total of 39 carriers. For the majority of genes (n = 36), no LoF variants were detected in either the case or control cohorts. No individual gene showed a significant excess of LoF or missense variants in the cases compared with control participants. Among all candidate genes as a group, the total number of carriers with LoF variants was higher in the cases than in the control participants (26 cases and 13 control participants), as was the total number of carriers with missense variants (406 versus 353), but neither reached statistical significance (p = 0.077 and p = 0.512, respectively). The genes contributing most of the excess of LoF variants in the cases included TET2, NRIP1, RAD51B and SNX32 (12 cases versus 2 control participants), whereas ZNF283 and CASP8 contributed largely to the excess of missense variants (25 cases versus 8 control participants). Conclusions Our data suggest that rare LoF and missense variants in genes associated with low-penetrance breast cancer risk SNPs may contribute some additional risk, but as a group these genes are unlikely to be major contributors to breast cancer heritability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0929-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone M Rowley
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Ella R Thompson
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone McInerny
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Devereux
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,LifePool, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kaushalya C Amarasinghe
- Bioinformatics & Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- Bioinformatics & Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Lupat
- Bioinformatics & Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Goode
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Li
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Bioinformatics & Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alison H Trainer
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A James
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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32
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Wyatt MD, Reilly NM, Patel S, Rajesh P, Schools GP, Smiraldo PG, Pittman DL. Thiopurine-induced mitotic catastrophe in Rad51d-deficient mammalian cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 2018; 59:38-48. [PMID: 28945288 PMCID: PMC5771848 DOI: 10.1002/em.22138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiopurines are part of a clinical regimen used for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, despite these successes, there are also unintended consequences such as therapy-induced cancer in long-term survivors. Therefore, a better understanding of cellular responses to thiopurines will lead to improved and personalized treatment strategies. RAD51D is an important component of homologous recombination (HR), and our previous work established that mammalian cells defective for RAD51D are more sensitive to the thiopurine 6-thioguanine (6TG) and have dramatically increased numbers of multinucleated cells and chromosome instability. 6TG is capable of being incorporated into telomeres, and interestingly, RAD51D contributes to telomere maintenance, although the precise function of RAD51D at the telomeres remains unclear. We sought here to investigate: (1) the activity of RAD51D at telomeres, (2) the contribution of RAD51D to protect against 6TG-induced telomere damage, and (3) the fates of Rad51d-deficient cells following 6TG treatment. These results demonstrate that RAD51D is required for maintaining the telomeric 3' overhangs. As measured by γ-H2AX induction and foci formation, 6TG induced DNA damage in Rad51d-proficient and Rad51d-deficient cells. However, the extent of γ-H2AX telomere localization following 6TG treatment was higher in Rad51d-deficient cells than in Rad51d-proficient cells. Using live-cell imaging of 6TG-treated Rad51d-deficient cells, two predominant forms of mitotic catastrophe were found to contribute to the formation of multinucleated cells, failed division and restitution. Collectively, these findings provide a unique window into the role of the RAD51D HR protein during thiopurine induction of mitotic catastrophe. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:38-48, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Wyatt
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Nicole M. Reilly
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Shikha Patel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Preeti Rajesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India-140406
| | - Gary P. Schools
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | | | - Douglas L. Pittman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
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Golmard L, Castéra L, Krieger S, Moncoutier V, Abidallah K, Tenreiro H, Laugé A, Tarabeux J, Millot GA, Nicolas A, Laé M, Abadie C, Berthet P, Polycarpe F, Frébourg T, Elan C, de Pauw A, Gauthier-Villars M, Buecher B, Stern MH, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Vaur D, Houdayer C. Contribution of germline deleterious variants in the RAD51 paralogs to breast and ovarian cancers. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:1345-1353. [PMID: 29255180 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RAD51 paralogs (RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, and XRCC3) have recently been involved in breast and ovarian cancer predisposition: RAD51B, RAD51C, and RAD51D in ovarian cancer, RAD51B and XRCC2 in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of deleterious variants in the five RAD51 paralogs to breast and ovarian cancers. The five RAD51 paralog genes were analyzed by next-generation sequencing technologies in germline DNA from 2649 consecutive patients diagnosed with breast and/or ovarian cancer. Twenty-one different deleterious variants were identified in the RAD51 paralogs in 30 patients: RAD51B (n = 4), RAD51C (n = 12), RAD51D (n = 7), XRCC2 (n = 2), and XRCC3 (n = 5). The overall deleterious variant rate was 1.13% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72-1.55%) (30/2649), including 15 variants in breast cancer only cases (15/2063; 0.73% (95% CI: 0.34-1.11%)) and 15 variants in cases with at least one ovarian cancer (15/570; 2.63% (95% CI: 1.24-4.02%)). This study is the first evaluation of the five RAD51 paralogs in breast and ovarian cancer predisposition and it demonstrates that deleterious variants can be present in breast cancer only cases. Moreover, this is the first time that XRCC3 deleterious variants have been identified in breast and ovarian cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Golmard
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France. .,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France.
| | - Laurent Castéra
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCC François Baclesse, Caen, 14000, France.,Inserm U1079, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, 76183, France
| | - Sophie Krieger
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCC François Baclesse, Caen, 14000, France.,Inserm U1079, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, 76183, France.,University of Caen, Normandie, 14032, France
| | | | | | | | - Anthony Laugé
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Julien Tarabeux
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Gael A Millot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3244, Paris, 75005, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR3244, Paris, 75005, France
| | - André Nicolas
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Marick Laé
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Caroline Abadie
- Department of Genetics, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Rennes, 35033, France
| | - Pascaline Berthet
- Department of Genetics, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, 14000, France
| | | | - Thierry Frébourg
- Inserm U1079, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, 76183, France.,Department of Genetics, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Rouen, 76000, France.,University of Rouen, IRIB, Rouen, 76183, France
| | - Camille Elan
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Antoine de Pauw
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | | | - Bruno Buecher
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Dominique Vaur
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCC François Baclesse, Caen, 14000, France.,Inserm U1079, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, 76183, France
| | - Claude Houdayer
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
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34
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Labidi-Galy SI, Olivier T, Rodrigues M, Ferraioli D, Derbel O, Bodmer A, Petignat P, Rak B, Chopin N, Tredan O, Heudel PE, Stuckelberger S, Meeus P, Meraldi P, Viassolo V, Ayme A, Chappuis PO, Stern MH, Houdayer C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Buisson A, Golmard L, Bonadona V, Ray-Coquard I. Location of Mutation in BRCA2 Gene and Survival in Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:326-333. [PMID: 29084914 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: BRCA2 plays a central role in homologous recombination by loading RAD51 on DNA breaks. The objective of this study is to determine whether the location of mutations in the RAD51-binding domain (RAD51-BD; exon 11) of BRCA2 gene affects the clinical outcome of ovarian cancer patients.Experimental Design: A study cohort of 353 women with ovarian cancer who underwent genetic germline testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes was identified. Progression-free survival (PFS), platinum-free interval (PFI), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of ovarian cancer (n = 316) was used as a validation cohort.Results: In the study cohort, 78 patients were carriers of germline mutations of BRCA2 After adjustment for FIGO stage and macroscopic residual disease, BRCA2 carriers with truncating mutations in the RAD51-BD have significantly prolonged 5-year PFS [58%; adjusted HR, 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20-0.64; P = 0.001] and prolonged PFI (29.7 vs. 15.5 months, P = 0.011), compared with noncarriers. BRCA2 carriers with mutations located in other domains of the gene do not have prolonged 5-year PFS (28%, adjusted HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.42-1.07; P = 0.094) or PFI (19 vs. 15.5 months, P = 0.146). In the TCGA cohort, only BRCA2 carriers harboring germline or somatic mutations in the RAD51-BD have prolonged 5-year PFS (46%; adjusted HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13-0.68; P = 0.004) and 5-year OS (78%; adjusted HR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02-0.38; P = 0.001).Conclusions: Among ovarian cancer patients, BRCA2 carriers with mutations located in the RAD51-BD (exon 11) have prolonged PFS, PFI, and OS. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 326-33. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothée Olivier
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Olfa Derbel
- Institut du Cancer Jean Mermoz, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Bodmer
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Petignat
- Department of Gynecology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beata Rak
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Olivier Tredan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Sarah Stuckelberger
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Meeus
- Department of Surgery, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Meraldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Viassolo
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Ayme
- Department of Genetic, Laboratory and Pathology Medicine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre O Chappuis
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic, Laboratory and Pathology Medicine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Inserm U830, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Division of Genetics, Pôle de Médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Claude Houdayer
- Inserm U830, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Division of Genetics, Pôle de Médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Inserm U830, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Division of Genetics, Pôle de Médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Buisson
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Hospices Civiles de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Division of Genetics, Pôle de Médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bonadona
- Unit of Prevention and Genetic Epidemiology, UMR CNRS 5558, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard (UCBL Lyon1), Lyon France
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35
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Reh WA, Nairn RS, Lowery MP, Vasquez KM. The homologous recombination protein RAD51D protects the genome from large deletions. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1835-1847. [PMID: 27924006 PMCID: PMC5389663 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway that protects the genome from chromosomal instability. RAD51 mediator proteins (i.e. paralogs) are critical for efficient HR in mammalian cells. However, how HR-deficient cells process DSBs is not clear. Here, we utilized a loss-of-function HR-reporter substrate to simultaneously monitor HR-mediated gene conversion and non-conservative mutation events. The assay is designed around a heteroallelic duplication of the Aprt gene at its endogenous locus in isogenic Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. We found that RAD51D-deficient cells had a reduced capacity for HR-mediated gene conversion both spontaneously and in response to I-SceI-induced DSBs. Further, RAD51D-deficiency shifted DSB repair toward highly deleterious single-strand annealing (SSA) and end-joining processes that led to the loss of large chromosomal segments surrounding site-specific DSBs at an exceptionally high frequency. Deletions in the proximity of the break were due to a non-homologous end-joining pathway, while larger deletions were processed via a SSA pathway. Overall, our data revealed that, in addition to leading to chromosomal abnormalities, RAD51D-deficiency resulted in a high frequency of deletions advancing our understanding of how a RAD51 paralog is involved in maintaining genomic stability and how its deficiency may predispose cells to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade A Reh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Rodney S Nairn
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Megan P Lowery
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, TX 78723, USA
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36
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Gómez-Flores-Ramos L, Álvarez-Gómez RM, Villarreal-Garza C, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Mohar A. Breast cancer genetics in young women: What do we know? Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 2017; 774:33-45. [PMID: 29173497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) in young women, generally defined in oncology as women who are 40 years of age or younger, represents 2 out of 10 BC cases in developing countries. Several research studies, including genetic cancer panel tests, genome-wide association studies, expression analyses and polymorphisms reports, have found that young women with BC exhibit a higher genetic susceptibility and specific genomic signature compared to postmenopausal women with BC. Thus, international guidelines recommend genetic counseling for this age population. This review presents the current state of the art of genetics and genomics with regards to young women with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Gómez-Flores-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Mario de la Cueva, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología, Subdivisión de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando # 22, Col. Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Álvarez-Gómez
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Subdivisión de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerlogía, Av. San Fernando # 22, Col. Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Subdivisión de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerlogía, Av. San Fernando # 22, Col. Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro de Cáncer de Mama, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro Médico Zambrano Hellion, 6° Piso Av. Batallón de San Patricio #112 Col. Real San Agustín, San Pedro Garza García C.P. 66278, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Subdivisión de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerlogía, Av. San Fernando # 22, Col. Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Mohar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Mario de la Cueva, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología, Subdivisión de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando # 22, Col. Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Davy G, Rousselin A, Goardon N, Castéra L, Harter V, Legros A, Muller E, Fouillet R, Brault B, Smirnova AS, Lemoine F, de la Grange P, Guillaud-Bataille M, Caux-Moncoutier V, Houdayer C, Bonnet F, Blanc-Fournier C, Gaildrat P, Frebourg T, Martins A, Vaur D, Krieger S. Detecting splicing patterns in genes involved in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:1147-1154. [PMID: 28905878 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpretation of variants of unknown significance (VUS) is a major challenge for laboratories performing molecular diagnosis of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), especially considering that many genes are now known to be involved in this syndrome. One important way these VUS can have a functional impact is through their effects on RNA splicing. Here we present a custom RNA-Seq assay plus bioinformatics and biostatistics pipeline to analyse specifically alternative and abnormal splicing junctions in 11 targeted HBOC genes. Our pipeline identified 14 new alternative splices in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in addition to detecting the majority of known alternative spliced transcripts therein. We provide here the first global splicing pattern analysis for the other nine genes, which will enable a comprehensive interpretation of splicing defects caused by VUS in HBOC. Previously known splicing alterations were consistently detected, occasionally with a more complex splicing pattern than expected. We also found that splicing in the 11 genes is similar in blood and breast tissue, supporting the utility and simplicity of blood splicing assays. Our pipeline is ready to be integrated into standard molecular diagnosis for HBOC, but it could equally be adapted for an integrative analysis of any multigene disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Davy
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CLCC François Baclesse, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen, France.,Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Antoine Rousselin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CLCC François Baclesse, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen, France.,Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Goardon
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CLCC François Baclesse, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen, France.,Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Laurent Castéra
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CLCC François Baclesse, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen, France.,Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Valentin Harter
- Cancéropôle Nord-Ouest Data Processing Centre, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Angelina Legros
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CLCC François Baclesse, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen, France
| | - Etienne Muller
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CLCC François Baclesse, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen, France.,Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Robin Fouillet
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CLCC François Baclesse, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen, France
| | - Baptiste Brault
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CLCC François Baclesse, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen, France.,Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Anna S Smirnova
- Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Fréderic Lemoine
- GenoSplice Technology, iPEPS-ICM, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Claude Houdayer
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Bonnet
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Blanc-Fournier
- Department of Pathology, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France.,Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Pascaline Gaildrat
- Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, University Hospital, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandra Martins
- Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Vaur
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CLCC François Baclesse, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen, France.,Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Krieger
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CLCC François Baclesse, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen, France.,Inserm U1079-IRIB, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.,University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
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38
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Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumour-suppressor genes encoding proteins that are essential for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR). Cells that lack either BRCA1 or BRCA2 repair these lesions by alternative, more error-prone mechanisms. Individuals carrying germline pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at highly elevated risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. Genetic testing for germline pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 has proved to be a valuable tool for determining eligibility for cancer screening and prevention programmes. In view of increasing evidence that the HR DNA repair pathway can also be disrupted by sequence variants in other genes, screening for other BRCA-like defects has potential implications for patient care. Additionally, there is a growing argument for directly testing tumours for pathogenic mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other genes involved in HR-DNA repair as inactivation of these genes may be strictly somatic. Tumours in which HR-DNA repair is altered are most likely to respond to emerging targeted therapies, such as inhibitors of poly-ADP ribose polymerase. This review highlights the biological role of pathogenic BRCA mutations and other associated defects in DNA damage repair mechanisms in breast and ovarian cancer, with particular focus on implications for patient management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Department de Génétique, Université Paris Descartes, Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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39
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Melloni GEM, Mazzarella L, Bernard L, Bodini M, Russo A, Luzi L, Pelicci PG, Riva L. A knowledge-based framework for the discovery of cancer-predisposing variants using large-scale sequencing breast cancer data. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:63. [PMID: 28569218 PMCID: PMC5452392 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The landscape of cancer-predisposing genes has been extensively investigated in the last 30 years with various methodologies ranging from candidate gene to genome-wide association studies. However, sequencing data are still poorly exploited in cancer predisposition studies due to the lack of statistical power when comparing millions of variants at once. METHOD To overcome these power limitations, we propose a knowledge-based framework founded on the characteristics of known cancer-predisposing variants and genes. Under our framework, we took advantage of a combination of previously generated datasets of sequencing experiments to identify novel breast cancer-predisposing variants, comparing the normal genomes of 673 breast cancer patients of European origin against 27,173 controls matched by ethnicity. RESULTS We detected several expected variants on known breast cancer-predisposing genes, like BRCA1 and BRCA2, and 11 variants on genes associated with other cancer types, like RET and AKT1. Furthermore, we detected 183 variants that overlap with somatic mutations in cancer and 41 variants associated with 38 possible loss-of-function genes, including PIK3CB and KMT2C. Finally, we found a set of 19 variants that are potentially pathogenic, negatively correlate with age at onset, and have never been associated with breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of a genomic-driven approach nested in a classic case-control study to prioritize cancer-predisposing variants. In addition, we provide a resource containing variants that may affect susceptibility to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio E M Melloni
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy.,Division of New Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Clinical Genomics Lab, European Institute of Oncology, via Ripamonti 435, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Bodini
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Russo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Luzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Riva
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy.
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40
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Hewitt G, Korolchuk VI. Repair, Reuse, Recycle: The Expanding Role of Autophagy in Genome Maintenance. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:340-351. [PMID: 28011061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
(Macro)Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that delivers excess, aggregated, or damaged proteins and organelles to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is activated in response to numerous cellular stressors such as increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low levels of cellular nutrients as well as DNA damage. Although autophagy occurs in the cytoplasm, its inhibition leads to accumulation of DNA damage and genomic instability. In the past few years, our understanding of the interplay between autophagy and genomic stability has greatly increased. In this review we summarize these recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms linking autophagy to DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Hewitt
- DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
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Piwko W, Mlejnkova LJ, Mutreja K, Ranjha L, Stafa D, Smirnov A, Brodersen MM, Zellweger R, Sturzenegger A, Janscak P, Lopes M, Peter M, Cejka P. The MMS22L-TONSL heterodimer directly promotes RAD51-dependent recombination upon replication stress. EMBO J 2016; 35:2584-2601. [PMID: 27797818 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a key pathway that repairs DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and helps to restart stalled or collapsed replication forks. How HR supports replication upon genotoxic stress is not understood. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we show that the MMS22L-TONSL heterodimer localizes to replication forks under unperturbed conditions and its recruitment is increased during replication stress in human cells. MMS22L-TONSL associates with replication protein A (RPA)-coated ssDNA, and the MMS22L subunit directly interacts with the strand exchange protein RAD51. MMS22L is required for proper RAD51 assembly at DNA damage sites in vivo, and HR-mediated repair of stalled forks is abrogated in cells expressing a MMS22L mutant deficient in RAD51 interaction. Similar to the recombination mediator BRCA2, recombinant MMS22L-TONSL limits the assembly of RAD51 on dsDNA, which stimulates RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament formation and RAD51-dependent strand exchange activity in vitro Thus, by specifically regulating RAD51 activity at uncoupled replication forks, MMS22L-TONSL stabilizes perturbed replication forks by promoting replication fork reversal and stimulating their HR-mediated restart in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Piwko
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucie J Mlejnkova
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karun Mutreja
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lepakshi Ranjha
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Stafa
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Smirnov
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mia Ml Brodersen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Zellweger
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Sturzenegger
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Janscak
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Peter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is an error-free DNA repair mechanism that maintains genome integrity by repairing double-strand breaks (DSBs). Defects in HR lead to genomic instability and are associated with cancer predisposition. A key step in HR is the formation of Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments which are responsible for the homology search and strand invasion steps that define HR. Recently, the budding yeast Shu complex has emerged as an important regulator of Rad51 along with the other Rad51 mediators including Rad52 and the Rad51 paralogs, Rad55-Rad57. The Shu complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two novel Rad51 paralogs, Psy3 and Csm2, along with Shu1 and a SWIM domain-containing protein, Shu2. Studies done primarily in yeast have provided evidence that the Shu complex regulates HR at several types of DNA DSBs (i.e. replication-associated and meiotic DSBs) and that its role in HR is highly conserved across eukaryotic lineages. This review highlights the main findings of these studies and discusses the proposed specific roles of the Shu complex in many aspects of recombination-mediated DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Martino
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kara A Bernstein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Abstract
Genetic abnormalities in the DNA repair genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). However, only approximately 25% of cases of HBOC can be ascribed to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Recently, exome sequencing has uncovered substantial locus heterogeneity among affected families without BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The new pathogenic variants are rare, posing challenges to estimation of risk attribution through patient cohorts. In this Review article, we examine HBOC genes, focusing on their role in genome maintenance, the possibilities for functional testing of putative causal variants and the clinical application of new HBOC genes in cancer risk management and treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hang D, Zhou W, Jia M, Wang L, Zhou J, Yin Y, Ma H, Hu Z, Li N, Shen H. Genetic variants within microRNA-binding site of RAD51B are associated with risk of cervical cancer in Chinese women. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2596-601. [PMID: 27334422 PMCID: PMC5055154 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RAD51B plays a central role in homologous recombinational repair (HRR) of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which is important to prevent genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. Recent studies suggested that common genetic variants of RAD51B may contribute to cancer susceptibility. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether potentially functional variants within miRNA-binding sites of RAD51B are associated with risk of cervical cancer. A total of 1486 cervical cancer patients and 1536 cancer-free controls were enrolled, and two genetic variants, rs963917 (A > G) and rs963918 (T > C), were genotyped in all participants. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, we found that G allele of rs963917 conferred lower risk of cervical cancer compared to A allele (adjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80-0.99, P = 0.039). Similarly, rs963918 allele C was associated with a decreased risk for cervical cancer compared with allele T (adjusted OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.74-0.94, P = 0.004). Haplotype analyses showed that haplotype GC was also correlated with lower risk (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73-0.95, P = 0.005) compared with the most common haplotype AT. In summary, our study suggested that miRNA-binding site genetic variants of RAD51B may modify the susceptibility to cervical cancer, which is important to identify individuals with differential risk for this malignancy and to improve the effectiveness of preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiqun Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Li
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongbin Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Pelttari LM, Khan S, Vuorela M, Kiiski JI, Vilske S, Nevanlinna V, Ranta S, Schleutker J, Winqvist R, Kallioniemi A, Dörk T, Bogdanova NV, Figueroa J, Pharoah PDP, Schmidt MK, Dunning AM, García-Closas M, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Wang Q, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Rosenberg EH, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Peto J, dos-Santos-Silva I, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Burwinkel B, Surowy H, Guénel P, Truong T, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Benitez J, González-Neira A, Neuhausen SL, Anton-Culver H, Brenner H, Arndt V, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Brauch H, Brüning T, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Hartikainen JM, Chenevix-Trench G, Van Dyck L, Janssen H, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Hallberg E, Olson JE, Giles GG, Milne RL, Haiman CA, Schumacher F, Simard J, Dumont M, Kristensen V, Borresen-Dale AL, Zheng W, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Grip M, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Devilee P, Seynaeve C, Hooning MJ, Collée M, Cox A, Cross SS, Shah M, Luben RN, Hamann U, Torres D, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Couch FJ, Yannoukakos D, Orr N, Swerdlow A, Darabi H, Li J, Czene K, Hall P, Easton DF, Mattson J, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Nevanlinna H. RAD51B in Familial Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153788. [PMID: 27149063 PMCID: PMC4858276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Common variation on 14q24.1, close to RAD51B, has been associated with breast cancer: rs999737 and rs2588809 with the risk of female breast cancer and rs1314913 with the risk of male breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RAD51B variants in breast cancer predisposition, particularly in the context of familial breast cancer in Finland. We sequenced the coding region of RAD51B in 168 Finnish breast cancer patients from the Helsinki region for identification of possible recurrent founder mutations. In addition, we studied the known rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 SNPs and RAD51B haplotypes in 44,791 breast cancer cases and 43,583 controls from 40 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) that were genotyped on a custom chip (iCOGS). We identified one putatively pathogenic missense mutation c.541C>T among the Finnish cancer patients and subsequently genotyped the mutation in additional breast cancer cases (n = 5259) and population controls (n = 3586) from Finland and Belarus. No significant association with breast cancer risk was seen in the meta-analysis of the Finnish datasets or in the large BCAC dataset. The association with previously identified risk variants rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 was replicated among all breast cancer cases and also among familial cases in the BCAC dataset. The most significant association was observed for the haplotype carrying the risk-alleles of all the three SNPs both among all cases (odds ratio (OR): 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.19, P = 8.88 x 10-16) and among familial cases (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16-1.32, P = 6.19 x 10-11), compared to the haplotype with the respective protective alleles. Our results suggest that loss-of-function mutations in RAD51B are rare, but common variation at the RAD51B region is significantly associated with familial breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa M. Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Vuorela
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna I. Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Vilske
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viivi Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Ranta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Efraim H. Rosenberg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elinor J. Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy’s Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology—Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - kConFab/AOCS Investigators
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laurien Van Dyck
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Janssen
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Italian Foundation of Cancer Research) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert N. Luben
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Mattson
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Wadt KAW, Aoude LG, Golmard L, Hansen TVO, Sastre-Garau X, Hayward NK, Gerdes AM. Germline RAD51B truncating mutation in a family with cutaneous melanoma. Fam Cancer 2016; 14:337-40. [PMID: 25600502 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-015-9781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Known melanoma predisposition genes only account for around 40% of high-density melanoma families. Other rare mutations are likely to play a role in melanoma predisposition. RAD51B plays an important role in DNA repair through homologous recombination, and inactivation of RAD51B has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Thus RAD51B is a good candidate melanoma susceptibility gene, and previously, a germline splicing mutation in RAD51B has been identified in a family with early-onset breast cancer. In order to find genetic variants associated with melanoma predisposition, whole-exome sequencing was carried out on blood samples from a three-case cutaneous melanoma family. We identified a novel germline RAD51B nonsense mutation, and we demonstrate reduced expression of RAD51B in melanoma cells indicating inactivation of RAD51B. This is only the second report of a germline truncating RAD51B mutation. While this case report is consistent with melanoma being part of the RAD51B cancer spectrum further population-based screening of large case-control sample series will be needed to definitively establish if this is the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A W Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, 4062, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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Kanchi KL, Johnson KJ, Lu C, McLellan MD, Leiserson MDM, Wendl MC, Zhang Q, Koboldt DC, Xie M, Kandoth C, McMichael JF, Wyczalkowski MA, Larson DE, Schmidt HK, Miller CA, Fulton RS, Spellman PT, Mardis ER, Druley TE, Graubert TA, Goodfellow PJ, Raphael BJ, Wilson RK, Ding L. Integrated analysis of germline and somatic variants in ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 5:3156. [PMID: 24448499 PMCID: PMC4025965 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first large-scale exome-wide analysis of the combined germline-somatic landscape in ovarian cancer. Here we analyse germline and somatic alterations in 429 ovarian carcinoma cases and 557 controls. We identify 3,635 high confidence, rare truncation and 22,953 missense variants with predicted functional impact. We find germline truncation variants and large deletions across Fanconi pathway genes in 20% of cases. Enrichment of rare truncations is shown in BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2. In addition, we observe germline truncation variants in genes not previously associated with ovarian cancer susceptibility (NF1, MAP3K4, CDKN2B and MLL3). Evidence for loss of heterozygosity was found in 100 and 76% of cases with germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 truncations, respectively. Germline-somatic interaction analysis combined with extensive bioinformatics annotation identifies 222 candidate functional germline truncation and missense variants, including two pathogenic BRCA1 and 1 TP53 deleterious variants. Finally, integrated analyses of germline and somatic variants identify significantly altered pathways, including the Fanconi, MAPK and MLL pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna L Kanchi
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2]
| | - Kimberly J Johnson
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA [3] Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA [4]
| | - Charles Lu
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2]
| | - Michael D McLellan
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Mark D M Leiserson
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Department of Mathematics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Qunyuan Zhang
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Mingchao Xie
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Cyriac Kandoth
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Joshua F McMichael
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | | | - David E Larson
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Heather K Schmidt
- The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | | | - Robert S Fulton
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Paul T Spellman
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Todd E Druley
- 1] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Timothy A Graubert
- 1] Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Paul J Goodfellow
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin J Raphael
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Li Ding
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [4] Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
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Grignol VP, Agnese DM. Breast Cancer Genetics for the Surgeon: An Update on Causes and Testing Options. J Am Coll Surg 2016; 222:906-14. [PMID: 26968323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie P Grignol
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Doreen M Agnese
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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Amin Al Olama A, Dadaev T, Hazelett DJ, Li Q, Leongamornlert D, Saunders EJ, Stephens S, Cieza-Borrella C, Whitmore I, Benlloch Garcia S, Giles GG, Southey MC, Fitzgerald L, Gronberg H, Wiklund F, Aly M, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Haiman CA, Schleutker J, Wahlfors T, Tammela TL, Nordestgaard BG, Key TJ, Travis RC, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Thibodeau SN, Mcdonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Maier C, Vogel W, Luedeke M, Herkommer K, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Kluzniak W, Cannon-Albright L, Brenner H, Butterbach K, Arndt V, Park JY, Sellers T, Lin HY, Slavov C, Kaneva R, Mitev V, Batra J, Clements JA, Spurdle A, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Maia S, Pandha H, Michael A, Kierzek A, Govindasami K, Guy M, Lophatonanon A, Muir K, Viñuela A, Brown AA, Freedman M, Conti DV, Easton D, Coetzee GA, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z. Multiple novel prostate cancer susceptibility signals identified by fine-mapping of known risk loci among Europeans. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5589-602. [PMID: 26025378 PMCID: PMC4572072 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. We have fine-mapped 64 GWAS regions known at the conclusion of the iCOGS study using large-scale genotyping and imputation in 25 723 PrCa cases and 26 274 controls of European ancestry. We detected evidence for multiple independent signals at 16 regions, 12 of which contained additional newly identified significant associations. A single signal comprising a spectrum of correlated variation was observed at 39 regions; 35 of which are now described by a novel more significantly associated lead SNP, while the originally reported variant remained as the lead SNP only in 4 regions. We also confirmed two association signals in Europeans that had been previously reported only in East-Asian GWAS. Based on statistical evidence and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, we have curated and narrowed down the list of the most likely candidate causal variants for each region. Functional annotation using data from ENCODE filtered for PrCa cell lines and eQTL analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for overlap with bio-features within this set. By incorporating the novel risk variants identified here alongside the refined data for existing association signals, we estimate that these loci now explain ∼38.9% of the familial relative risk of PrCa, an 8.9% improvement over the previously reported GWAS tag SNPs. This suggests that a significant fraction of the heritability of PrCa may have been hidden during the discovery phase of GWAS, in particular due to the presence of multiple independent signals within the same region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Daniel Leongamornlert
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Edward J Saunders
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah Stephens
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Clara Cieza-Borrella
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian Whitmore
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch Garcia
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo L Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health
| | - David E Neal
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Faculty of Medical Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Strangeways Laboratory
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Strangeways Laboratory, Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Walther Vogel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluzniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Koveela Govindasami
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michelle Guy
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatonanon
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew A Brown
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Switzerland and
| | | | - David V Conti
- Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research & Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,
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50
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Manié E, Popova T, Battistella A, Tarabeux J, Caux-Moncoutier V, Golmard L, Smith NK, Mueller CR, Mariani O, Sigal-Zafrani B, Dubois T, Vincent-Salomon A, Houdayer C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Stern MH. Genomic hallmarks of homologous recombination deficiency in invasive breast carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:891-900. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Manié
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Tatiana Popova
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Aude Battistella
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Julien Tarabeux
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
| | | | - Lisa Golmard
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
- Département De Biologie Des Tumeurs; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Nicholas K. Smith
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Christopher R. Mueller
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston; Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Odette Mariani
- Département De Biologie Des Tumeurs; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- Centre De Ressources Biologiques; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
| | | | - Thierry Dubois
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- Département De Recherche Translationnelle; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
| | | | - Claude Houdayer
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
- Département De Biologie Des Tumeurs; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
- Département De Biologie Des Tumeurs; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; University Paris-Descartes; Paris F-75270 France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
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