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Nurmi AK, Pelttari LM, Kiiski JI, Khan S, Nurmikolu M, Suvanto M, Aho N, Tasmuth T, Kalso E, Schleutker J, Kallioniemi A, Heikkilä P, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Nevanlinna H. NTHL1 is a recessive cancer susceptibility gene. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21127. [PMID: 38036545 PMCID: PMC10689455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In search of novel breast cancer (BC) risk variants, we performed a whole-exome sequencing and variant analysis of 69 Finnish BC patients as well as analysed loss-of-function variants identified in DNA repair genes in the Finns from the Genome Aggregation Database. Additionally, we carried out a validation study of SERPINA3 c.918-1G>C, recently suggested for BC predisposition. We estimated the frequencies of 41 rare candidate variants in 38 genes by genotyping them in 2482-4101 BC patients and in 1273-3985 controls. We further evaluated all coding variants in the candidate genes in a dataset of 18,786 BC patients and 182,927 controls from FinnGen. None of the variants associated significantly with cancer risk in the primary BC series; however, in the FinnGen data, NTHL1 c.244C>T p.(Gln82Ter) associated with BC with a high risk for homozygous (OR = 44.7 [95% CI 6.90-290], P = 6.7 × 10-5) and a low risk for heterozygous women (OR = 1.39 [1.18-1.64], P = 7.8 × 10-5). Furthermore, the results suggested a high risk of colorectal, urinary tract, and basal-cell skin cancer for homozygous individuals, supporting NTHL1 as a recessive multi-tumour susceptibility gene. No significant association with BC risk was detected for SERPINA3 or any other evaluated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Nurmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Nurmikolu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Suvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Aho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Tasmuth
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, and FICAN West Cancer Centre, and Department of Genomics, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, and BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Heikkilä
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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2
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Rodriguez-Martinez A, Vuorinen EM, Shcherban A, Uusi-Mäkelä J, Rajala NKM, Nykter M, Kallioniemi A. Novel ZNF414 activity characterized by integrative analysis of ChIP-exo, ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2022; 1865:194811. [PMID: 35318951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor binding to DNA is a central mechanism regulating gene expression. Thus, thorough characterization of this process is essential for understanding cellular biology in both health and disease. We combined data from three sequencing-based methods to unravel the DNA binding function of the novel ZNF414 protein in cells representing two tumor types. ChIP-exo served to map protein binding sites, ATAC-seq allowed identification of open chromatin, and RNA-seq examined the transcriptome. We show that ZNF414 is a DNA-binding protein that both induces and represses gene expression. This transcriptional response has an impact on cellular processes related to proliferation and other malignancy-associated functions, such as cell migration and DNA repair. Approximately 20% of the differentially expressed genes harbored ZNF414 binding sites in their promoters in accessible chromatin, likely representing direct targets of ZNF414. De novo motif discovery revealed several putative ZNF414 binding sequences, one of which was validated using EMSA. In conclusion, this study illustrates a highly efficient integrative approach for the characterization of the DNA binding and transcriptional activity of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rodriguez-Martinez
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Elisa M Vuorinen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anastasia Shcherban
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joonas Uusi-Mäkelä
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina K M Rajala
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Wendt C, Muranen TA, Mielikäinen L, Thutkawkorapin J, Blomqvist C, Jiao X, Ehrencrona H, Tham E, Arver B, Melin B, Kuchinskaya E, Stenmark Askmalm M, Paulsson-Karlsson Y, Einbeigi Z, von Wachenfeldt Väppling A, Kalso E, Tasmuth T, Kallioniemi A, Aittomäki K, Nevanlinna H, Borg Å, Lindblom A. A search for modifying genetic factors in CHEK2:c.1100delC breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14763. [PMID: 34285278 PMCID: PMC8292481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of breast cancer associated with CHEK2:c.1100delC is 2-threefold but higher in carriers with a family history of breast cancer than without, suggesting that other genetic loci in combination with CHEK2:c.1100delC confer an increased risk in a polygenic model. Part of the excess familial risk has been associated with common low-penetrance variants. This study aimed to identify genetic loci that modify CHEK2:c.1100delC-associated breast cancer risk by searching for candidate risk alleles that are overrepresented in CHEK2:c.1100delC carriers with breast cancer compared with controls. We performed whole-exome sequencing in 28 breast cancer cases with germline CHEK2:c.1100delC, 28 familial breast cancer cases and 70 controls. Candidate alleles were selected for validation in larger cohorts. One recessive synonymous variant, rs16897117, was suggested, but no overrepresentation of homozygous CHEK2:c.1100delC carriers was found in the following validation. Furthermore, 11 non-synonymous candidate alleles were suggested for further testing, but no significant difference in allele frequency could be detected in the validation in CHEK2:c.1100delC cases compared with familial breast cancer, sporadic breast cancer and controls. With this method, we found no support for a CHEK2:c.1100delC-specific genetic modifier. Further studies of CHEK2:c.1100delC genetic modifiers are warranted to improve risk assessment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Taru A Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Mielikäinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jessada Thutkawkorapin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiang Jiao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brita Arver
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Kuchinskaya
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Stenmark Askmalm
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Zakaria Einbeigi
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Tasmuth
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- TAYS Cancer Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åke Borg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kuittinen T, Rovio P, Luukkaala T, Laurila M, Grénman S, Kallioniemi A, Mäenpää J. Paclitaxel, Carboplatin and 1,25-D3 Inhibit Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells In Vitro. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:3129-3138. [PMID: 32487607 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin is the standard chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Previous studies have implied that vitamin D (1,25-D3) may have growth inhibitory effects in ovarian cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of paclitaxel, carboplatin and 1,25-D3 on the growth of ovarian cancer cells in vitro, based on the hypothesis that 1,25-D3 might potentiate the effect of paclitaxel and/or carboplatin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three non-commercial ovarian carcinoma cell lines UT-OV-1(mucinous), UT-OV-3B (serous) and UT-OV-4 (endometrioid) were exposed to different concentrations of 1,25-D3, paclitaxel and carboplatin, respectively. The cell viability was measured using a Crystal violet assay kit. The cellular vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR using the LightCycler equipment. RESULTS The growth-inhibitory effect of the combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin was 56% in UT-OV-1, 33% in UT-OV-3B and 47% in UT-OV-4 cells. Single 1,25-D3 (10 μM) inhibited the growth of UT-OV-3B and UT-OV-4 by 23% and 28%, respectively, whereas no effect was seen in UT-OV-1 cells. These results are in line with the finding that the expression of VDR was high in UT-OV-3B and UT-OV-4, but very low in UT-OV-1. The combination of 1,25-D3, paclitaxel and carboplatin resulted in 61%, 46% and 58% growth reduction in UT-OV-1, UT-OV-3B and UT-OV-4 cells, respectively. The additive effect of 1,25-D3 was 21% in UT-OV-4, 20% in UT-OV-3B and 12% in UT-OV-1 cell line. CONCLUSION The results imply that combining 1,25-D3 with paclitaxel and carboplatin may potentiate their growth inhibitory effect on ovarian cancer cells with high VDR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Kuittinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Rovio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- Research, Innovation and Development Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marita Laurila
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seija Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- TAYS Cancer Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Mäenpää
- TAYS Cancer Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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5
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Nurmi A, Muranen TA, Pelttari LM, Kiiski JI, Heikkinen T, Lehto S, Kallioniemi A, Schleutker J, Bützow R, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Nevanlinna H. Recurrent moderate-risk mutations in Finnish breast and ovarian cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2692-2700. [PMID: 30927251 PMCID: PMC6767104 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes predispose to breast and ovarian cancer (BC/OC) with a high lifetime risk, whereas mutations in PALB2, CHEK2, ATM, FANCM, RAD51C and RAD51D genes cause a moderately elevated risk. In the Finnish population, recurrent mutations have been identified in all of these genes, the latest being CHEK2 c.319+2T>A and c.444+1G>A. By genotyping 3,156 cases and 2,089 controls, we estimated the frequencies of CHEK2 c.319+2T>A and c.444+1G>A in Finnish BC patients. CHEK2 c.319+2T>A was detected in 0.7% of the patients, and it was associated with a high risk of BC in the unselected patient group (OR = 5.40 [95% CI 1.58-18.45], p = 0.007) and similarly in the familial patient group. CHEK2 c.444+1G>A was identified in 0.1% of all patients. Additionally, we evaluated the combined prevalence of recurrent moderate-risk gene mutations in 2,487 BC patients, 556 OC patients and 261 BRCA1/2 carriers from 109 families. The overall frequency of the mutations was 13.3% in 1,141 BRCA1/2-negative familial BC patients, 7.5% in 1,727 unselected BC patients and 7.2% in 556 unselected OC patients. At least one moderate-risk gene mutation was found in 12.5% of BRCA1 families and 7.1% of BRCA1 index patients, as well as in 17.0% of BRCA2 families and 11.3% of BRCA2 index patients, and the mutations were associated with an additional risk in the BRCA1/2 index patients (OR = 2.63 [1.15-5.48], p = 0.011). These results support gene panel testing of even multiple members of BC families where several mutations may segregate in different individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nurmi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Taru A. Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Liisa M. Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Johanna I. Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sini Lehto
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Fimlab LaboratoriesTampereFinland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, and Department of Medical Genetics, Genomics, Laboratory DivisionTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Pathology and University of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology and University of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical GeneticsUniversity of Helsinki, and HUSLAB, Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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6
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Vuorinen EM, Rajala NK, Ihalainen TO, Kallioniemi A. Correction to: Depletion of nuclear import protein karyopherin alpha 7 (KPNA7) induces mitotic defects and deformation of nuclei in cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:57. [PMID: 30642282 PMCID: PMC6330744 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Following publication of the original article [1], the authors notified us that the Additional File 1 contains reviewer comments instead of the Supplementary tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Vuorinen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 100, 33014, Tampere, PL, Finland
| | - Nina K Rajala
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 100, 33014, Tampere, PL, Finland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 100, 33014, Tampere, PL, Finland.,BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, University of Tampere, 100, 33014, Tampere, PL, Finland.,Tampere Imaging Facility, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 100, 33014, Tampere, PL, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 100, 33014, Tampere, PL, Finland. .,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
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7
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Luhtala S, Staff S, Kallioniemi A, Tanner M, Isola J. Clinicopathological and prognostic correlations of HER3 expression and its degradation regulators, NEDD4-1 and NRDP1, in primary breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1045. [PMID: 30367623 PMCID: PMC6204010 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor HER3 (ErbB3), especially in association with its relative HER2 (ErbB2), is known as a key oncogene in breast tumour biology. Nonetheless, the prognostic relevance of HER3 remains controversial. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 are signalling molecules closely related to the degradation of HER3 via ubiquitination. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 have been reported to contribute to HER3-mediated signalling by regulating its localization and cell membrane retention. We studied correlations between HER3, NEDD4–1, and NRDP1 protein expression and their association with tumour histopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes. Methods The prevalence of immunohistochemically detectable expression profiles of HER3 (n = 177), NEDD4–1 (n = 145), and NRDP1 (n = 145) proteins was studied in primary breast carcinomas on archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Clinicopathological correlations were determined statistically using Pearson’s Chi-Square test. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test (Mantel-Cox), and Cox regression analysis were utilized for survival analysis. Results HER3 protein was expressed in breast carcinomas without association with HER2 gene amplification status. Absence or low HER3 expression correlated with clinically aggressive features, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) phenotype, basal cell origin (cytokeratin 5/14 expression combined with ER negativity), large tumour size, and positive lymph node status. Low total HER3 expression was prognostic for shorter recurrence-free survival time in HER2-amplified breast cancer (p = 0.004, p = 0.020 in univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively). The majority (82.8%) of breast cancers demonstrated NEDD4–1 protein expression - while only a minor proportion (8.3%) of carcinomas expressed NRDP1. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 expression were not associated with clinical outcomes in HER2-amplified breast cancer, irrespective of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy. Conclusions Low HER3 expression is suggested to be a valuable prognostic biomarker to predict recurrence in HER2-amplified breast cancer. Neither NEDD4–1 nor NRDP1 demonstrated relevance in prognostics or in the subclassification of HER2-amplified breast carcinomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4917-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Luhtala
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Synnöve Staff
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Tanner
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Isola
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
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8
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Abu Khamidakh AE, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Kaarniranta K, Kallioniemi A, Skottman H, Hyttinen J, Juuti-Uusitalo K. Wound healing of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells is affected by maturation stage. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:102. [PMID: 30064430 PMCID: PMC6069779 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wound healing of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a complex process that may take place in common age-related macular degeneration eye disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether wounding and wound healing has an effect on Ca2+ dynamics in human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-RPEs cultured different periods of time. Methods The 9-day-cultured or 28-day-cultured hESC-RPEs from two different cell lines were wounded and the dynamics of spontaneous and mechanically induced intracellular Ca2+ activity was measured with live-cell Ca2+ imaging either immediately or 7 days after wounding. The healing time and speed were analyzed with time-lapse bright field microscopy. The Ca2+ activity and healing speed were analysed with image analysis. In addition the extracellular matrix deposition was assessed with confocal microscopy. Results The Ca2+ dynamics in hESC-RPE monolayers differed depending on the culture time: 9-day-cultured cells had higher number of cells with spontaneous Ca2+ activity close to freshly wounded edge compared to control areas, whereas in 28-day-cultured cells there was no difference in wounded and control areas. The 28-day-cultured, wounded and 7-day-healed hESC-RPEs produced wide-spreading intercellular Ca2+ waves upon mechanical stimulation, while in controls propagation was restricted. Most importantly, both wave spreading and spontaneous Ca2+ activity of cells within the healed area, as well as the cell morphology of 28-day-cultured, wounded and thereafter 7-day-healed areas resembled the 9-day-cultured hESC-RPEs. Conclusions This acquired knowledge about Ca2+ dynamics of wounded hESC-RPE monolayers is important for understanding the dynamics of RPE wound healing, and could offer a reliable functionality test for RPE cells. The data presented in here suggests that assessment of Ca2+ dynamics analysed with image analysis could be used as a reliable non-invasive functionality test for RPE cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12938-018-0535-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna E Abu Khamidakh
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Juuti-Uusitalo
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, Tampere, Finland.
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9
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Martínez AR, Vuorinen EM, Shcherban A, Rajala NK, Nykter M, Kallioniemi A. Abstract 3353: ZNF414 as a functionally relevant transcription factor in pancreatic and breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The Zinc Finger Protein 414 (ZNF414) is a member of the krüppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. ZNF414 is a cargo protein for Karyopherin α7 (KPNA7), a nuclear importer expressed during embryogenesis, absent in most adult tissues but re-expressed in cancer cells. KPNA7 is involved in promoting proliferation and maintaining nuclear morphology in several breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Similar effects on cell growth have been evidenced for ZNF414 using in vitro knock-down experiments. Other than this, the function of ZNF414 remains uncharacterized but, as a zinc finger protein with nuclear localization, it is likely to act as a transcription factor. This study aimed at identifying target genes and DNA binding motifs of ZNF414 in pancreatic and breast cancer cells. Methods: We used next generation sequencing methods on Hs700T and MCF-7 cell lines. RNA-seq was used to identify genes regulated by ZNF414 and ChIP-exo and ATAC-seq analyses to uncover its genomic binding regions. Samples for RNA-seq were collected 12h and 24h after transfection with siRNAs targeting ZNF414. For ChIP-exo and ATAC-seq experiments, cells were transfected to transiently overexpress V5-tagged ZNF414. Results: RNA-seq data analyses revealed 33 and 296 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Hs700T cells at 12h and 24h time points, respectively. The corresponding amounts of DEGs in MCF-7 cell line were 177 and 556. There were 23 and 108 DEGs in common to both cell lines at 12h and 24h, respectively. Interestingly, gene ontology analyses revealed enrichment of many functional categories related to cellular proliferation in both cell lines, providing a molecular explanation for the observed ZNF414-elicited phenotype. ChIP-exo data was processed using MACE tool and then combined with the ATAC-seq open chromatin signal to identify the most reliable peaks. We looked at the genomic location of these peaks and observed clear enrichment in the promoter and 5'UTR regions, indicating that ZNF414 is a classical transcription factor. Using MEME for de novo motif discovery analyses, we identified several putative binding motifs common to both cell lines, some of which were also found in promoters of DEGs. Conclusion: This study uncovered the transcriptional regulation that underlies the role of ZNF414 as inducer of cellular proliferation in pancreatic and breast cancer cells.
Citation Format: Alejandra Rodríguez Martínez, Elisa M. Vuorinen, Anastasia Shcherban, Nina K. Rajala, Matti Nykter, Anne Kallioniemi. ZNF414 as a functionally relevant transcription factor in pancreatic and breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3353.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa M. Vuorinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; BioMediTech Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anastasia Shcherban
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; BioMediTech Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina K. Rajala
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; BioMediTech Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; BioMediTech Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere; BioMediTech Institute, Tampere, Finland
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10
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Vuorinen EM, Rajala NK, Ihalainen TO, Kallioniemi A. Depletion of nuclear import protein karyopherin alpha 7 (KPNA7) induces mitotic defects and deformation of nuclei in cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:325. [PMID: 29580221 PMCID: PMC5870926 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleocytoplasmic transport is a tightly regulated process carried out by specific transport machinery, the defects of which may lead to a number of diseases including cancer. Karyopherin alpha 7 (KPNA7), the newest member of the karyopherin alpha nuclear importer family, is expressed at a high level during embryogenesis, reduced to very low or absent levels in most adult tissues but re-expressed in cancer cells. Methods We used siRNA-based knock-down of KPNA7 in cancer cell lines, followed by functional assays (proliferation and cell cycle) and immunofluorescent stainings to determine the role of KPNA7 in regulation of cancer cell growth, proper mitosis and nuclear morphology. Results In the present study, we show that the silencing of KPNA7 results in a dramatic reduction in pancreatic and breast cancer cell growth, irrespective of the endogenous KPNA7 expression level. This growth inhibition is accompanied by a decrease in the fraction of S-phase cells as well as aberrant number of centrosomes and severe distortion of the mitotic spindles. In addition, KPNA7 depletion leads to reorganization of lamin A/C and B1, the main nuclear lamina proteins, and drastic alterations in nuclear morphology with lobulated and elongated nuclei. Conclusions Taken together, our data provide new important evidence on the contribution of KPNA7 to the regulation of cancer cell growth and the maintenance of nuclear envelope environment, and thus deepens our understanding on the impact of nuclear transfer proteins in cancer pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4261-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Vuorinen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, PL 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina K Rajala
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, PL 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, PL 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, University of Tampere, PL 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Tampere Imaging Facility, BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, PL 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, PL 100, 33014, Tampere, Finland. .,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
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11
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Kuittinen T, Rovio P, Staff S, Luukkaala T, Kallioniemi A, Grénman S, Laurila M, Mäenpää J. Paclitaxel, Carboplatin and 1,25-D3 Inhibit Proliferation of Endometrial Cancer Cells In Vitro. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:6575-6581. [PMID: 29187432 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Endometrial cancer cells are known to be sensitive to carboplatin and paclitaxel. Furthermore, vitamin D (1,25-D3) has been reported to inhibit endometrial cancer cell growth both as a single agent and combined with carboplatin. However, there are no studies comparing the effect of paclitaxel and carboplatin as single agents vs. in combination in endometrial cancer cell lines. Neither has the effect of 1,25-D3 been studied with paclitaxel. The present study investigated the effect of paclitaxel, carboplatin and 1,25-D3 on the growth of endometrial cancer cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines (UT-EC-1 and UT-EC-3) were cultured with different doses of paclitaxel, carboplatin and 1,25-D3. The cellular VDR (vitamin D receptor) mRNA levels were measured and the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors by the cells was determined. RESULTS In the UT-EC-1 cell line the growth inhibition was 72% with paclitaxel, 54% with carboplatin and 73% with the combination of these compounds. The corresponding numbers in UT-EC-3 were 70%, 33% and 65%, respectively. 1,25-D3 suppressed cell growth 88% with paclitaxel, 63% with carboplatin and 87% with their combination in the UT-EC-1 cell line. CONCLUSION In both cell lines, single-agent paclitaxel was as effective as the combination of the compounds and more effective than single carboplatin. 1,25-D3 may further contribute to the cytotoxic effect of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Kuittinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Rovio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Synnöve Staff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology, BioMediTech Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- Research and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seija Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marita Laurila
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Mäenpää
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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12
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Ampuja M, Kallioniemi A. Transcription factors-Intricate players of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:3-11. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ampuja
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories; Tampere Finland
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13
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Määttä KM, Nurminen R, Kankuri-Tammilehto M, Kallioniemi A, Laasanen SL, Schleutker J. Germline EMSY sequence alterations in hereditary breast cancer and ovarian cancer families. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:496. [PMID: 28738860 PMCID: PMC5525221 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations explain approximately one-fifth of the inherited susceptibility in high-risk Finnish hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) families. EMSY is located in the breast cancer-associated chromosomal region 11q13. The EMSY gene encodes a BRCA2-interacting protein that has been implicated in DNA damage repair and genomic instability. We analysed the role of germline EMSY variation in breast/ovarian cancer predisposition. The present study describes the first EMSY screening in patients with high familial risk for this disease. METHODS Index individuals from 71 high-risk, BRCA1/2-negative HBOC families were screened for germline EMSY sequence alterations in protein coding regions and exon-intron boundaries using Sanger sequencing and TaqMan assays. The identified variants were further screened in 36 Finnish HBOC patients and 904 controls. Moreover, one novel intronic deletion was screened in a cohort of 404 breast cancer patients unselected for family history. Haplotype block structure and the association of haplotypes with breast/ovarian cancer were analysed using Haploview. The functionality of the identified variants was predicted using Haploreg, RegulomeDB, Human Splicing Finder, and Pathogenic-or-Not-Pipeline 2. RESULTS Altogether, 12 germline EMSY variants were observed. Two alterations were located in the coding region, five alterations were intronic, and five alterations were located in the 3'untranslated region (UTR). Variant frequencies did not significantly differ between cases and controls. The novel variant, c.2709 + 122delT, was detected in 1 out of 107 (0.9%) breast cancer patients, and the carrier showed a bilateral form of the disease. The deletion was absent in 897 controls (OR = 25.28; P = 0.1) and in 404 breast cancer patients unselected for family history. No haplotype was identified to increase the risk of breast/ovarian cancer. Functional analyses suggested that variants, particularly in the 3'UTR, were located within regulatory elements. The novel deletion was predicted to affect splicing regulatory elements. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the identified EMSY variants are likely neutral at the population level. However, these variants may contribute to breast/ovarian cancer risk in single families. Additional analyses are warranted for rare novel intronic deletions and the 3'UTR variants predicted to have functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi M Määttä
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology - BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Nurminen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology - BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Kankuri-Tammilehto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology - BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu-Leena Laasanen
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Outpatient Clinic, and Department of Dermatology, Tampere UniversityHospital, PO BOX 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, PO BOX 2000, FI-33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology - BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland. .,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 4, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
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14
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Mantere T, Tervasmäki A, Nurmi A, Rapakko K, Kauppila S, Tang J, Schleutker J, Kallioniemi A, Hartikainen JM, Mannermaa A, Nieminen P, Hanhisalo R, Lehto S, Suvanto M, Grip M, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Tengström M, Auvinen P, Kvist A, Borg Å, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Greenberg RA, Winqvist R, Nevanlinna H, Pylkäs K. Case-control analysis of truncating mutations in DNA damage response genes connects TEX15 and FANCD2 with hereditary breast cancer susceptibility. Sci Rep 2017; 7:681. [PMID: 28386063 PMCID: PMC5429682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several known breast cancer susceptibility genes encode proteins involved in DNA damage response (DDR) and are characterized by rare loss-of-function mutations. However, these explain less than half of the familial cases. To identify novel susceptibility factors, 39 rare truncating mutations, identified in 189 Northern Finnish hereditary breast cancer patients in parallel sequencing of 796 DDR genes, were studied for disease association. Mutation screening was performed for Northern Finnish breast cancer cases (n = 578–1565) and controls (n = 337–1228). Mutations showing potential cancer association were analyzed in additional Finnish cohorts. c.7253dupT in TEX15, encoding a DDR factor important in meiosis, associated with hereditary breast cancer (p = 0.018) and likely represents a Northern Finnish founder mutation. A deleterious c.2715 + 1G > A mutation in the Fanconi anemia gene, FANCD2, was over two times more common in the combined Finnish hereditary cohort compared to controls. A deletion (c.640_644del5) in RNF168, causative for recessive RIDDLE syndrome, had high prevalence in majority of the analyzed cohorts, but did not associate with breast cancer. In conclusion, truncating variants in TEX15 and FANCD2 are potential breast cancer risk factors, warranting further investigations in other populations. Furthermore, high frequency of RNF168 c.640_644del5 indicates the need for its testing in Finnish patients with RIDDLE syndrome symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Mantere
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Nordlab Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Tervasmäki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Nordlab Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Nurmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katrin Rapakko
- Laboratory of Genetics, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer Genetic Unit, Service and Central Laboratory of Haematology, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jiangbo Tang
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pathology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Medical Biochemistry and Genetics Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech and FimLab Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pentti Nieminen
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Hanhisalo
- Laboratory of Genetics, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sini Lehto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Suvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Jukkola-Vuorinen
- Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Tengström
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Auvinen
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anders Kvist
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åke Borg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oncology, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pathology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Nordlab Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit and Biocenter Oulu, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Nordlab Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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15
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Lehtinen L, Vainio P, Wikman H, Huhtala H, Mueller V, Kallioniemi A, Pantel K, Kronqvist P, Kallioniemi O, Carpèn O, Iljin K. PLA2G7 associates with hormone receptor negativity in clinical breast cancer samples and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cultured breast cancer cells. J Pathol Clin Res 2017; 3:123-138. [PMID: 28451461 PMCID: PMC5402179 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in women due to distinct cancer subtypes associated with early recurrence and aggressive metastatic progression. High lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (PLA2G7) expression has previously been associated with aggressive disease and metastasis in prostate cancer. Here, we explore the expression pattern and functional role of PLA2G7 in breast cancer. First, a bioinformatic analysis of genome‐wide gene expression data from 970 breast samples was carried out to evaluate the expression pattern of PLA2G7 mRNA in breast cancer. Second, the expression profile of PLA2G7 was studied in 1042 breast cancer samples including 89 matched lymph node metastasis samples using immunohistochemistry. Third, the effect of PLA2G7 silencing on genome‐wide gene expression profile was studied and validated in cultured breast cancer cells expressing PLA2G7 at high level. Last, the expression pattern of PLA2G7 mRNA was investigated in 24 nonmalignant tissue samples and 65 primary and 7 metastatic tumour samples derived from various organs using qRT‐PCR. The results from clinical breast cancer samples indicated that PLA2G7 is overexpressed in a subset of breast cancer samples compared to its expression in benign breast tissue samples and that high PLA2G7 expression associated with hormone receptor negativity as well as with poor prognosis in a subset of breast cancer samples. In vitro functional studies highlighted the putative role of PLA2G7 in the regulation of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related signalling pathways, vimentin and E‐cadherin protein expression as well as cell migration in cultured breast cancer cells. Furthermore, supporting the findings in breast and prostate cancer, high PLA2G7 mRNA expression was associated with metastatic cancer in four additional organs of origin. In conclusion, our results indicate that PLA2G7 is highly expressed in a subset of metastatic and aggressive breast cancers and in metastatic samples of various tissues of origin and promotes EMT and migration in cultured breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lehtinen
- Department of PathologyTurku University and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Paula Vainio
- Department of PathologyTurku University and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Institute of Tumour Biology, Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg-EppendorfGermany
| | - Heini Huhtala
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of TampereTampereFinland
| | - Volkmar Mueller
- Department of GynecologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | | | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumour Biology, Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Medical Centre Hamburg-EppendorfGermany
| | - Pauliina Kronqvist
- Department of PathologyTurku University and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiFinland.,Present address: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life LaboratoryKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Olli Carpèn
- Department of PathologyTurku University and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland.,Present address: Department of PathologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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16
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Ampuja M, Rantapero T, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Palmroth M, Alarmo EL, Nykter M, Kallioniemi A. Integrated RNA-seq and DNase-seq analyses identify phenotype-specific BMP4 signaling in breast cancer. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:68. [PMID: 28077088 PMCID: PMC5225521 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) plays an important role in cancer pathogenesis. In breast cancer, it reduces proliferation and increases migration in a cell line-dependent manner. To characterize the transcriptional mediators of these phenotypes, we performed RNA-seq and DNase-seq analyses after BMP4 treatment in MDA-MB-231 and T-47D breast cancer cells that respond to BMP4 with enhanced migration and decreased cell growth, respectively. Results The RNA-seq data revealed gene expression changes that were consistent with the in vitro phenotypes of the cell lines, particularly in MDA-MB-231, where migration-related processes were enriched. These results were confirmed when enrichment of BMP4-induced open chromatin regions was analyzed. Interestingly, the chromatin in transcription start sites of differentially expressed genes was already open in unstimulated cells, thus enabling rapid recruitment of transcription factors to the promoters as a response to stimulation. Further analysis and functional validation identified MBD2, CBFB, and HIF1A as downstream regulators of BMP4 signaling. Silencing of these transcription factors revealed that MBD2 was a consistent activator of target genes in both cell lines, CBFB an activator in cells with reduced proliferation phenotype, and HIF1A a repressor in cells with induced migration phenotype. Conclusions Integrating RNA-seq and DNase-seq data showed that the phenotypic responses to BMP4 in breast cancer cell lines are reflected in transcriptomic and chromatin levels. We identified and experimentally validated downstream regulators of BMP4 signaling that relate to the different in vitro phenotypes and thus demonstrate that the downstream BMP4 response is regulated in a cell type-specific manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3428-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ampuja
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - T Rantapero
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Rodriguez-Martinez
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Palmroth
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - E L Alarmo
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Nykter
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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17
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Vuorinen EM, Rajala NK, Rauhala HE, Nurminen AT, Hytönen VP, Kallioniemi A. Search for KPNA7 cargo proteins in human cells reveals MVP and ZNF414 as novel regulators of cancer cell growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:211-219. [PMID: 27664836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Karyopherin alpha 7 (KPNA7) belongs to a family of nuclear import proteins that recognize and bind nuclear localization signals (NLSs) in proteins to be transported to the nucleus. Previously we found that KPNA7 is overexpressed in a subset of pancreatic cancer cell lines and acts as a critical regulator of growth in these cells. This characteristic of KPNA7 is likely to be mediated by its cargo proteins that are still mainly unknown. Here, we used protein affinity chromatography in Hs700T and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell lines and identified 377 putative KPNA7 cargo proteins, most of which were known or predicted to localize to the nucleus. The interaction was confirmed for two of the candidates, MVP and ZNF414, using co-immunoprecipitation, and their transport to the nucleus was hindered by siRNA based KPNA7 silencing. Most importantly, silencing of MVP and ZNF414 resulted in marked reduction in Hs700T cell growth. In conclusion, these data uncover two previously unknown human KPNA7 cargo proteins with distinct roles as novel regulators of pancreatic cancer cell growth, thus deepening our understanding on the contribution of nuclear transport in cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Vuorinen
- University of Tampere, BioMediTech, PL 100, 33014 TAMPEREEN YLIOPISTO, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab laboratories, Biokatu 4, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Nina K Rajala
- University of Tampere, BioMediTech, PL 100, 33014 TAMPEREEN YLIOPISTO, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab laboratories, Biokatu 4, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Hanna E Rauhala
- University of Tampere, BioMediTech, PL 100, 33014 TAMPEREEN YLIOPISTO, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Anssi T Nurminen
- University of Tampere, BioMediTech, PL 100, 33014 TAMPEREEN YLIOPISTO, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab laboratories, Biokatu 4, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- University of Tampere, BioMediTech, PL 100, 33014 TAMPEREEN YLIOPISTO, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab laboratories, Biokatu 4, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- University of Tampere, BioMediTech, PL 100, 33014 TAMPEREEN YLIOPISTO, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab laboratories, Biokatu 4, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
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18
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Kiiski JI, Fagerholm R, Tervasmäki A, Pelttari LM, Khan S, Jamshidi M, Mantere T, Pylkäs K, Bartek J, Bartkova J, Mannermaa A, Tengström M, Kosma VM, Winqvist R, Kallioniemi A, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Nevanlinna H. FANCM c.5101C>T mutation associates with breast cancer survival and treatment outcome. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2760-2770. [PMID: 27542569 PMCID: PMC5095781 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, and different tumor characteristics and genetic variation may affect the clinical outcome. The FANCM c.5101C > T nonsense mutation in the Finnish population associates with increased risk of breast cancer, especially for triple‐negative breast cancer patients. To investigate the association of the mutation with disease prognosis, we studied tumor phenotype, treatment outcome, and patient survival in 3,933 invasive breast cancer patients, including 101 FANCM c.5101C > T mutation carriers and 3,832 non‐carriers. We also examined association of the mutation with nuclear immunohistochemical staining of DNA repair markers in 1,240 breast tumors. The FANCM c.5101C > T mutation associated with poor 10‐year breast cancer‐specific survival (hazard ratio (HR)=1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.52, p = 0.018), with a more pronounced survival effect among familial cases (HR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.5–5.76, p = 1.80 × 10−3). Poor disease outcome of the carriers was also found among the estrogen receptor (ER) positive subgroup of patients (HR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.09–2.98, p = 0.021). Reduced survival was seen especially among patients who had not received radiotherapy (HR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.6–7.34, p = 1.50 × 10−3) but not among radiotherapy treated patients (HR = 1.35, 95% CI 0.82–2.23, p = 0.237). Significant interaction was found between the mutation and radiotherapy (p = 0.040). Immunohistochemical analyses show that c.5101C > T carriers have reduced PAR‐activity. Our results suggest that FANCM c.5101C > T nonsense mutation carriers have a reduced breast cancer survival but postoperative radiotherapy may diminish this survival disadvantage. What's new? Variations in DNA repair genes can predispose individuals to breast cancer, with one example being FANCM c.5101C > T, a nonsense mutation in the Fanconi Anemia DNA repair pathway. In previous work, FANCM c.5101C > T was associated with increased breast cancer risk in the Finnish population. Here, the mutation is further shown to be associated with adverse breast cancer outcome. Mutation‐positive Finnish patients exhibited reduced long‐term survival and increased risk of disease recurrence. Survival was worse particularly for patients who were not treated with radiotherapy, indicating that FANCM c.5101C>T may interact with radiotherapy to improve disease outcome in mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Fagerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Tervasmäki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maral Jamshidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Mantere
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Imaging Center, Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Tengström
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, Kuopio, Finland.,Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Imaging Center, Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Ampuja M, Alarmo EL, Owens P, Havunen R, Gorska AE, Moses HL, Kallioniemi A. Abstract 629: The impact of BMP4 on breast cancer metastasis in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor β superfamily, are known to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and motility, and have also been shown to be involved in cancer pathogenesis, also in breast cancer. We have previously demonstrated that BMP4 is able to consistently reduce breast cancer cell proliferation through G1 cell cycle arrest and to simultaneously induce migration and invasion in a subset of breast cancer cell lines. Similarly, our clinical data revealed a correlation between elevated BMP4 expression in primary breast tumors and reduced proliferation as well as increased risk of recurrence. The growth inhibitory effects of BMP4 have also been demonstrated in vivo but its possible metastasis promoting functions are less well characterized. Here we set out to investigate this topic using a xenograft mouse model.
Methods. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were transduced with a luciferase-expressing vector to allow monitoring of the metastasis formation using bioluminescence imaging. Cells (2 × 105) were injected into the mice intracardially and BMP4 (100 ng/g, 10 animals) or vehicle control (11 animals) was administered through tail vein three times a week. After seven weeks, the mice were sacrificed and metastases collected for histological analyses.
Results. The overall amount of metastases was similar in both groups (13 in BMP4-treatment group vs. 12 in control group). There was a slight but non-significant trend of metastases developing earlier in the BMP4 group compared to controls. Most of the metastases occurred in bone and adrenal glands. There were somewhat more metastases in bone in the BMP4-treated mice (10 vs. 7) and more adrenal gland metastases in vehicle-treated animals (5 vs. 1). To assess the contribution of BMP4 to the characteristics of the metastases, the tumors were stained for pSMAD1/5/9 (BMP signaling activation), Ki67 (proliferation), MECA32 (blood vessels), mesenchymal marker vimentin, α-SMA (cancer-associated fibroblasts) and basal markers K5 and K14. No major dissimilarities were observed between the BMP4 and vehicle tumor groups in the staining patterns. Interestingly, the osteoclast marker Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was expressed in both groups in the cancer cells whereas Toluidine Blue staining revealed that the bone morphology was not detrimentally affected by BMP4 treatment.
Conclusions. Despite its ability to enhance breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro, BMP4 does not seem to have a dramatic impact on in vivo metastasis formation, although a small acceleration in appearance of the metastases was observed. However, the limitations of the xenograft model do not allow us to exclude the possible long-term effects of BMP4 that might be more applicable to human situation.
Citation Format: Minna Ampuja, Emma L. Alarmo, Philip Owens, Riikka Havunen, Agnes E. Gorska, Harold L. Moses, Anne Kallioniemi. The impact of BMP4 on breast cancer metastasis in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Ampuja
- 1University of Tampere, BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Philip Owens
- 2Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Agnes E. Gorska
- 2Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Harold L. Moses
- 2Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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20
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Ampuja M, Alarmo E, Owens P, Havunen R, Gorska A, Moses H, Kallioniemi A. The impact of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) on breast cancer metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:238-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Pelttari LM, Khan S, Vuorela M, Kiiski JI, Vilske S, Nevanlinna V, Ranta S, Schleutker J, Winqvist R, Kallioniemi A, Dörk T, Bogdanova NV, Figueroa J, Pharoah PDP, Schmidt MK, Dunning AM, García-Closas M, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Wang Q, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Rosenberg EH, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Peto J, dos-Santos-Silva I, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Burwinkel B, Surowy H, Guénel P, Truong T, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG, Benitez J, González-Neira A, Neuhausen SL, Anton-Culver H, Brenner H, Arndt V, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Brauch H, Brüning T, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Hartikainen JM, Chenevix-Trench G, Van Dyck L, Janssen H, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Hallberg E, Olson JE, Giles GG, Milne RL, Haiman CA, Schumacher F, Simard J, Dumont M, Kristensen V, Borresen-Dale AL, Zheng W, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Grip M, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Devilee P, Seynaeve C, Hooning MJ, Collée M, Cox A, Cross SS, Shah M, Luben RN, Hamann U, Torres D, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Couch FJ, Yannoukakos D, Orr N, Swerdlow A, Darabi H, Li J, Czene K, Hall P, Easton DF, Mattson J, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Nevanlinna H. RAD51B in Familial Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153788. [PMID: 27149063 PMCID: PMC4858276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Common variation on 14q24.1, close to RAD51B, has been associated with breast cancer: rs999737 and rs2588809 with the risk of female breast cancer and rs1314913 with the risk of male breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RAD51B variants in breast cancer predisposition, particularly in the context of familial breast cancer in Finland. We sequenced the coding region of RAD51B in 168 Finnish breast cancer patients from the Helsinki region for identification of possible recurrent founder mutations. In addition, we studied the known rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 SNPs and RAD51B haplotypes in 44,791 breast cancer cases and 43,583 controls from 40 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) that were genotyped on a custom chip (iCOGS). We identified one putatively pathogenic missense mutation c.541C>T among the Finnish cancer patients and subsequently genotyped the mutation in additional breast cancer cases (n = 5259) and population controls (n = 3586) from Finland and Belarus. No significant association with breast cancer risk was seen in the meta-analysis of the Finnish datasets or in the large BCAC dataset. The association with previously identified risk variants rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 was replicated among all breast cancer cases and also among familial cases in the BCAC dataset. The most significant association was observed for the haplotype carrying the risk-alleles of all the three SNPs both among all cases (odds ratio (OR): 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.19, P = 8.88 x 10-16) and among familial cases (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16-1.32, P = 6.19 x 10-11), compared to the haplotype with the respective protective alleles. Our results suggest that loss-of-function mutations in RAD51B are rare, but common variation at the RAD51B region is significantly associated with familial breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa M. Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Vuorela
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna I. Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Vilske
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viivi Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Ranta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Efraim H. Rosenberg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elinor J. Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy’s Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology—Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M. Hartikainen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - kConFab/AOCS Investigators
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laurien Van Dyck
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Janssen
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Italian Foundation of Cancer Research) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Martine Dumont
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert N. Luben
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, IRRP, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Mattson
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Alarmo EL, Havunen R, Häyrynen S, Penkki S, Ketolainen J, Nykter M, Kallioniemi A. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 regulates microRNA expression in breast cancer cell lines in diverse fashion. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:227-36. [PMID: 26684238 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a remarkably powerful inhibitor of breast cancer cell proliferation, but it is also able to induce breast cancer cell migration in certain cellular contexts. Previous data demonstrate that BMP4 controls the transcription of a variety of protein-coding genes, but not much is known about microRNAs (miRNA) regulated by BMP4. To address this question, miRNA expression profiles following BMP4 treatment were determined in one mammary epithelial and seven breast cancer cell lines using microarrays. While the analysis revealed an extensive variation in differentially expressed miRNA across cell lines, four miRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-23a-3p, and miR-23b-3p) were commonly induced in a subset of breast cancer cells upon BMP4 treatment. Inhibition of their expression demonstrated an increase in BT-474 cell number, indicating that they possess tumor suppressive properties. However, with the exception of miR-106b-5p, these effects were independent of BMP4 treatment. Scratch assay with miR-16-5p and miR-106b-5p inhibitors on BMP4-treated MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in enhanced cell migration, suggesting that these miRNAs are engaged in BMP4-induced motility. Taken together, we have for the first time characterized the BMP4-induced miRNA expression profiles in breast cancer cell lines, showing that induced miRNAs contribute to the fine-tuning of proliferation and migration phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Leena Alarmo
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sergei Häyrynen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Penkki
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Ketolainen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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23
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Juuti-Uusitalo K, Nieminen M, Treumer F, Ampuja M, Kallioniemi A, Klettner A, Skottman H. Effects of Cytokine Activation and Oxidative Stress on the Function of the Human Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 56:6265-74. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felix Treumer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Minna Ampuja
- BioMediTech University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland 3FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland 3FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexa Klettner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
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24
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Wikman H, Westphal L, Schmid F, Pollari S, Kropidlowski J, Sielaff-Frimpong B, Glatzel M, Matschke J, Westphal M, Iljin K, Huhtala H, Terracciano L, Kallioniemi A, Sauter G, Müller V, Witzel I, Lamszus K, Kemming D, Pantel K. Loss of CADM1 expression is associated with poor prognosis and brain metastasis in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3076-87. [PMID: 24833255 PMCID: PMC4102793 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) are detected with increasing incidence. In order to detect potential genes involved in BCBM, we first screened for genes down-regulated by methylation in cell lines with site-specific metastatic ability. The expression of five genes, CADM1, SPARC, RECK, TNFAIP3 and CXCL14, which were also found down-regulated in gene expression profiling analyses of BCBM tissue samples, was verified by qRT-PCR in a larger patient cohort. CADM1 was chosen for further down-stream analyses. A higher incidence of CADM1 methylation, correlating with lower expression levels, was found in BCBM as compared to primary BC. Loss of CADM1 protein expression was detected most commonly among BCBM samples as well as among primary tumors with subsequent brain relapse. The prognostic role of CADM1 expression was finally verified in four large independent breast cancer cohorts (n=2136). Loss of CADM1 protein expression was associated with disease stage, lymph node status, and tumor size in primary BC. Furthermore, all analyses revealed a significant association between loss of CADM1 and shorter survival. In multivariate analyses, survival was significantly shorter among patients with CADM1-negative tumors. Loss of CADM1 expression is an independent prognostic factor especially associated with the development of brain metastases in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Wikman
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Wikman H, Westphal L, Schmid F, Glatzel M, Matschke J, Westphal M, Pollari S, Iljin K, Terracciani L, Huhtala H, Kallioniemi A, Sauter G, Müller V, Witzel I, Lamszus K, Kemming D, Pantel K. Abstract 46: Loss of CADM1 expression is associated with poor prognosis and brain metastasis in breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) are detected with increasing incidence. Therefore, identification of genes involved in BCBM formation is of great interest. Eperimental Design: In order to detect potential genes involved in BCBM, we first screened for genes down-regulated by methylation in cell lines with site-specific metastatic ability. The expression of five genes, CADM1, SPARC, RECK, TNFAIP3 and CXCL14, which were also found down-regulated in gene expression profiling analyses of BCBM tissue samples, were verified by qRT-PCR in a larger patient cohort. CADM1 was chosen for further down-stream analyses. Results: A higher incidence of CADM1 methylation, correlating with the expression levels, was found in BCBM as compared to non-matched primary BC. Similarly, loss of CADM1 protein expression was detected more commonly among BCBM samples as well as among primary breast tumors with subsequent brain relapse. The prognostic role of CADM1 expression was finally verified in two publicly available data sets (n=418) and in two large independent primary breast cancer TMA tumor cohorts (n=1718). The immunohistochemical analyses revealed an association between loss of CADM1 protein expression and risk factors such as disease stage, lymph node status, and tumor size in primary BC. Furthermore, all analyses revealed a significant association between CADM1 and shorter survival. In multivariate analyses, survival was significantly longer for patients with CADM1-positive primary tumors for both TMA data sets (p= 0.04 and p=0.01). Conclusions: Loss of CADM1 expression is an independent prognostic factor especially associated with the development of brain metastases in breast cancer patients.
Citation Format: Harriet Wikman, Laura Westphal, Felicitas Schmid, Markus Glatzel, Jakob Matschke, Manfred Westphal, Sirkku Pollari, Kristiina Iljin, Luigi Terracciani, Heini Huhtala, Anne Kallioniemi, Guido Sauter, Volkmar Müller, Isabell Witzel, Katrin Lamszus, Dirk Kemming, Klaus Pantel. Loss of CADM1 expression is associated with poor prognosis and brain metastasis in breast cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 46. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-46
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Wikman
- 1University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Westphal
- 1University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Glatzel
- 1University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Matschke
- 1University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sirkku Pollari
- 2VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Guido Sauter
- 1University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- 1University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Witzel
- 1University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- 1University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Pantel
- 1University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Antoniou AC, Casadei S, Heikkinen T, Barrowdale D, Pylkäs K, Roberts J, Lee A, Subramanian D, De Leeneer K, Fostira F, Tomiak E, Neuhausen SL, Teo ZL, Khan S, Aittomäki K, Moilanen JS, Turnbull C, Seal S, Mannermaa A, Kallioniemi A, Lindeman GJ, Buys SS, Andrulis IL, Radice P, Tondini C, Manoukian S, Toland AE, Miron P, Weitzel JN, Domchek SM, Poppe B, Claes KBM, Yannoukakos D, Concannon P, Bernstein JL, James PA, Easton DF, Goldgar DE, Hopper JL, Rahman N, Peterlongo P, Nevanlinna H, King MC, Couch FJ, Southey MC, Winqvist R, Foulkes WD, Tischkowitz M. Breast-cancer risk in families with mutations in PALB2. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:497-506. [PMID: 25099575 PMCID: PMC4157599 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1400382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline loss-of-function mutations in PALB2 are known to confer a predisposition to breast cancer. However, the lifetime risk of breast cancer that is conferred by such mutations remains unknown. METHODS We analyzed the risk of breast cancer among 362 members of 154 families who had deleterious truncating, splice, or deletion mutations in PALB2. The age-specific breast-cancer risk for mutation carriers was estimated with the use of a modified segregation-analysis approach that allowed for the effects of PALB2 genotype and residual familial aggregation. RESULTS The risk of breast cancer for female PALB2 mutation carriers, as compared with the general population, was eight to nine times as high among those younger than 40 years of age, six to eight times as high among those 40 to 60 years of age, and five times as high among those older than 60 years of age. The estimated cumulative risk of breast cancer among female mutation carriers was 14% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9 to 20) by 50 years of age and 35% (95% CI, 26 to 46) by 70 years of age. Breast-cancer risk was also significantly influenced by birth cohort (P<0.001) and by other familial factors (P=0.04). The absolute breast-cancer risk for PALB2 female mutation carriers by 70 years of age ranged from 33% (95% CI, 25 to 44) for those with no family history of breast cancer to 58% (95% CI, 50 to 66) for those with two or more first-degree relatives with breast cancer at 50 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Loss-of-function mutations in PALB2 are an important cause of hereditary breast cancer, with respect both to the frequency of cancer-predisposing mutations and to the risk associated with them. Our data suggest the breast-cancer risk for PALB2 mutation carriers may overlap with that for BRCA2 mutation carriers. (Funded by the European Research Council and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis C Antoniou
- From the Departments of Public Health and Primary Care (A.C.A., D.B., A.L., D.F.E.) and Oncology (D.F.E.), Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology (D.F.E.), and Department of Medical Genetics and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (M.T.), University of Cambridge, and the Department of Clinical Genetics, East Anglian Regional Genetics Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital (J.R., D.S., M.T.), Cambridge, and the Oncogenetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London (C.T., S.S., N.R.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (S.C., M.-C.K.); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital (T.H., S.K., H.N.), and the Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital (K.A.), Helsinki, the Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and the Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Center NordLab, Oulu University Hospital (K.P., R.W.), and the Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (J.S.M.), Oulu, Biocenter Kuopio and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (A.M.), and the Institute of Biomedical Technology-Cancer Genomics, University of Tampere, Tampere (A.K.) - all in Finland; the Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium (K.D.L., B.P., K.B.M.C.); the Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear and Radiologic Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens (F.F., D.Y.); the Department of Genetics, Eastern Ontario Regional Genetics Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa (E.T.), Samuel Lunenfeld Research
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27
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Mantere T, Haanpää M, Hanenberg H, Schleutker J, Kallioniemi A, Kähkönen M, Parto K, Avela K, Aittomäki K, von Koskull H, Hartikainen JM, Kosma VM, Laasanen SL, Mannermaa A, Pylkäs K, Winqvist R. Finnish Fanconi anemia mutations and hereditary predisposition to breast and prostate cancer. Clin Genet 2014; 88:68-73. [PMID: 24989076 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in downstream Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway genes, BRCA2, PALB2, BRIP1 and RAD51C, explain part of the hereditary breast cancer susceptibility, but the contribution of other FA genes has remained questionable. Due to FA's rarity, the finding of recurrent deleterious FA mutations among breast cancer families is challenging. The use of founder populations, such as the Finns, could provide some advantage in this. Here, we have resolved complementation groups and causative mutations of five FA patients, representing the first mutation confirmed FA cases in Finland. These patients belonged to complementation groups FA-A (n = 3), FA-G (n = 1) and FA-I (n = 1). The prevalence of the six FA causing mutations was then studied in breast (n = 1840) and prostate (n = 565) cancer cohorts, and in matched controls (n = 1176 females, n = 469 males). All mutations were recurrent, but no significant association with cancer susceptibility was observed for any: the prevalence of FANCI c.2957_2969del and c.3041G>A mutations was even highest in healthy males (1.7%). This strengthens the exclusive role of downstream genes in cancer predisposition. From a clinical point of view, current results provide fundamental information of the mutations to be tested first in all suspected FA cases in Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mantere
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Haanpää
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - H Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University School of Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - J Schleutker
- BioMediTech and FimLab Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech and FimLab Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Kähkönen
- FimLab Laboratories, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Parto
- Pediatric Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Avela
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H von Koskull
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine; Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V-M Kosma
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine; Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S-L Laasanen
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Outpatient Clinic, and Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine; Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Pylkäs
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - R Winqvist
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
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28
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Heikkinen T, Khan S, Huovari E, Vilske S, Schleutker J, Kallioniemi A, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Nevanlinna H. Evaluation of the RHINO gene for breast cancer predisposition in Finnish breast cancer families. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144:437-41. [PMID: 24562772 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary predisposition to breast cancer is largely affected by the mutations in the genes of the DNA repair pathways. Novel genes involved in DNA repair are therefore prospective candidates also for breast cancer susceptibility genes. The RHINO (Rad9, Rad1, Hus1-interacting nuclear orphan) gene plays a central role in DNA damage response and in cell cycle regulation. RHINO interacts with Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 (9-1-1) complex and with ATR activator TopBP1, which recruit it to the site of DNA damage. We analyzed the effects of the germline variation in RHINO on breast cancer risk. We sequenced the coding region of the RHINO gene 466 index cases of Finnish breast cancer families and in 507 population controls. The genotypes of the most likely functional variant were further determined in a large dataset of 2,944 cases and 1,976 controls. We analyzed the common variation of the RHINO locus and determined the haplotypes using five SNPs in 1,531 cases and 1,233 controls. We identified seven variants including four missense variations, a 5' UTR variant, a silent variant, and a nonsense variant c.250C>T, R84X (rs140887418). All variants were also present in control individuals with frequencies close to those of the cases (P > 0.05). The c.250C>T variant was present in 12 breast cancer patients (0.4 %) and of 16 controls (0.8 %) with the difference not statistically significant (OR = 0.50, 95 %CI: 0.24-1.06, P = 0.066). The haplotype frequencies did not differ in cases and controls (P = 0.59). Germline variation in the RHINO gene is unlikely to influence inherited susceptibility to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P. O. Box 700, 00029, Helsinki, Finland,
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29
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Korhonen T, Kuukasjärvi T, Huhtala H, Alarmo EL, Holli K, Kallioniemi A, Pylkkänen L. The impact of lobular and ductal breast cancer histology on the metastatic behavior and long term survival of breast cancer patients. Breast 2013; 22:1119-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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30
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Ampuja M, Jokimäki R, Juuti-Uusitalo K, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Alarmo EL, Kallioniemi A. BMP4 inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells and induces an MMP-dependent migratory phenotype in MDA-MB-231 cells in 3D environment. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:429. [PMID: 24053318 PMCID: PMC3848934 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) belongs to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of proteins. BMPs regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and motility, and have also been reported to be involved in cancer pathogenesis. We have previously shown that BMP4 reduces breast cancer cell proliferation through G1 cell cycle arrest and simultaneously induces migration in a subset of these cell lines. Here we examined the effects of BMP4 in a more physiological environment, in a 3D culture system. Methods We used two different 3D culture systems; Matrigel, a basement membrane extract from mouse sarcoma cells, and a synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel. AlamarBlue reagent was used for cell proliferation measurements and immunofluorescence was used to determine cell polarity. Expression of cell cycle regulators was examined by Western blot and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression by qRT-PCR. Results The MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells formed round acini with correct apicobasal localization of α6 integrin in Matrigel whereas irregular structures were seen in PEG gel. The two 3D matrices also supported dissimilar morphology for the breast cancer cells. In PEG gel, BMP4 inhibited the growth of MCF-10A and the three breast cancer cell lines examined, thus closely resembling the 2D culture conditions, but in Matrigel, no growth inhibition was observed in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-361 cells. Furthermore, BMP4 induced the expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 both in 2D and 3D culture, thereby partly explaining the growth arrest. Interestingly, MDA-MB-231 cells formed large branching, stellate structures in response to BMP4 treatment in Matrigel, suggestive of increased cell migration or invasion. This effect was reversed by Batimastat, a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor, and subsequent analyses showed BMP4 to induce the expression of MMP3 and MMP14, that are thus likely to be responsible for the stellate phenotype. Conclusions Taken together, our results show that Matrigel provides a more physiological environment for breast epithelial cells than PEG gel. Moreover, BMP4 partly recapitulates in 3D culture the growth suppressive abilities previously seen in 2D culture and induces an MMP-dependent migratory phenotype in MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Ampuja
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland.
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Laurila EM, Kallioniemi A. The diverse role of miR-31 in regulating cancer associated phenotypes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:1103-13. [PMID: 23999990 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 10 years research on miRNAs has demonstrated their central role in regulating gene expression both in normal and diseased tissue. The expression of miRNAs is widely altered in cancer, leading to abnormal expression of the genes regulated by these miRNAs, and subsequently alterations in entire molecular networks and pathways. One especially interesting cancer-related miRNA is miR-31 which is frequently altered in a large variety of cancers. The functional role of miR-31 is extremely complex and miR-31 can hold both tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles in different tumor types. The phenotype caused by aberrant miR-31 expression seems to be strongly dependent on the endogenous expression levels. For example, in breast cancer loss of miR-31 expression is associated with high risk of metastases, whereas in colorectal cancer high miR-31 expression correlates with advanced disease stage. This review summarizes the complex expression patterns of miR-31 in human cancers, describes the variable phenotypes caused by altered miR-31 expression, and highlights the current knowledge on the genes targeted by miR-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva M Laurila
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland
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Laurila R, Parkkila S, Isola J, Kallioniemi A, Alarmo EL. The expression patterns of gremlin 1 and noggin in normal adult and tumor tissues. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6:1400-1408. [PMID: 23826422 PMCID: PMC3693206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gremlin 1 and noggin are inhibitors of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. They are vital during early development but their role in adult tissues has remained largely unresolved. The BMP signaling pathway has also been implicated in tumorigenesis, however with emphasis on the role of the ligands and receptors. We performed a concurrent survey of gremlin 1 and noggin protein expression in multiple normal and cancer samples, using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing 96 samples from 34 different normal organs/tissue sites and 208 samples of 34 different tumor types. In majority of both normal and tumor samples, gremlin 1 and noggin expression was negative or weak. However, normal stomach and skin demonstrated distinct gremlin 1 and noggin expression indicating a role in adult tissues. Likewise, strong expression of both antagonists was detected in Leydig cells of testis. In the tumor panel, the expression patterns were more variable but elevated BMP antagonist expression was detected for the first time in few cases, such as glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and diffuse B-cell lymphoma for gremlin 1 and renal granular cell tumor and thyroid papillary carcinoma for noggin. Even though gremlin 1 and noggin were not widely expressed in adult tissues, in a subset of organs their expression pattern indicated a potential role in normal tissue homeostasis as well as in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Laurila
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and BioMediTechTampere, Finland
- Fimlab LaboratoriesTampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and BioMediTechTampere, Finland
- Fimlab LaboratoriesTampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Isola
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and BioMediTechTampere, Finland
- Fimlab LaboratoriesTampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and BioMediTechTampere, Finland
- Fimlab LaboratoriesTampere, Finland
| | - Emma-Leena Alarmo
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and BioMediTechTampere, Finland
- Fimlab LaboratoriesTampere, Finland
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Rauhala HE, Laurila E, Vuorinen E, Savinainen K, Kallioniemi A. Abstract 1753: KPNA7, a nuclear transport receptor, promotes malignant properties of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. The high mortality rate is mostly due to the lack of appropriate tools for the early detection of the disease and a shortage of effective therapies. We have previously shown that karyopherin alpha 7 (KPNA7) is frequently amplified and overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. KPNA7 is a recently characterized member of the alpha karyopherin family of nuclear import receptors. The nuclear import machinery is composed of a complex network of proteins required for the appropriate transport of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Abnormal function of this machinery leads to incorrect localization of nuclear proteins and disturbances in cellular homeostasis, which may subsequently contribute to the development of various diseases including cancer. Indeed, previous evidence has linked members of the karyopherin alpha family, especially KPNA2, to cancer pathogenesis.
In this study we demonstrate that KPNA7 expression is absent in practically all normal human adult tissues but elevated in several pancreatic cancer cell lines as well as in some other cancer types. Inhibition of KPNA7 expression in AsPC-1 and Hs700T pancreatic cancer cells led to a striking reduction in cell growth due to the induction of the cell cycle regulator p21 and subsequent G1 arrest of the cell cycle. In both of these cell lines KPNA7 silencing also resulted in decreased anchorage independent growth, and additionally in the AsPC-1 cells reduced cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, in the Hs700T cells KPNA7 silencing resulted in dramatic morphological change where the cells acquired fibroblast-like shape. This phenotypic change was not explained by induction of EMT or senescence.
In conclusion, our data strongly demonstrate that KPNA7 silencing inhibits the malignant properties of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and thereby provide the first evidence on the functional role of KPNA7 in human cancer. Moreover, the lack of KPNA7 expression in normal adult tissues highlights it as a potential novel therapeutic target for cancer. Further studies are needed to identify the cargo proteins transported by KPNA7. These studies are likely to reveal important new information on nuclear transport and may highlight the molecular mechanisms involved in KPNA7 mediated phenotypes in cancer cells.
Citation Format: Hanna E. Rauhala, Eeva Laurila, Elisa Vuorinen, Kimmo Savinainen, Anne Kallioniemi. KPNA7, a nuclear transport receptor, promotes malignant properties of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1753. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1753
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eeva Laurila
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, Tampere, Finland
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Ampuja ME, Jokimäki R, Alarmo EL, Juuti-Uusitalo K, Kallioniemi A. Abstract 1397: BMP4 inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells in 3D and induces a migratory phenotype in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is an extracellular signaling molecule that belongs to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, which in turn is part of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) -superfamily. BMPs regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and motility, and have also been shown to be involved in cancer pathogenesis. We have previously shown that BMP4 is able to consistently reduce breast cancer cell proliferation through G1 cell cycle arrest and simultaneously to induce the migration in a subset of these cell lines. In order to study the effects of BMP4 in a more physiological setting, we used two different 3D culture systems: Matrigel, a basement membrane extract from mouse sarcoma cells, and a synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) degradable cross-links and RGD peptides.
MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells formed round acini with a hollow lumen and correct apicobasal localization of α-6 integrin in Matrigel whereas irregular structures without lumen formation or apicobasal integrin localization were seen in PEG gel. Thus the two matrices do not provide identical 3D environments. In Matrigel, BMP4 treatment reduced the proliferation of MCF-10A cells and T-47D breast cancer cells. In PEG gel, reduced growth was also seen in two other breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-361. To clarify the mechanisms behind the growth suppressive effects of BMP4, we first examined the expression levels of 11 known cell cycle regulators in T-47D and MDA-MB-361cells grown in 2D culture using Western blot. Based on its consistent upregulation in both cell lines, p21 was selected for detailed analyses. In 2D culture, BMP4 induced the expression of p21 in all three breast cancer cell lines but not in MCF-10A cells. Unexpectedly, there was no correlation between p21 expression and the BMP4 induced growth suppression in 3D. These data seem to indicate that different mechanisms are involved in BMP4 mediated cell growth regulation in 2D and 3D environments. Finally, in response to BMP4 treatment MDA-MB-231 cells formed large branching, stellate structures in Matrigel, suggestive of increased cell migration. This effect was not seen in PEG gel. Gremlin, a BMP antagonist, reversed the stellate phenotype, confirming that the effect was indeed dependent on BMP4. Similarly, a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor, Batimastat, was also able to reverse the stellate appearance. These results imply that the actions of MMPs are required for this migratory phenotype.
Taken together, our results show that BMP4 reduced the growth of breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cells in 3D culture. In addition, the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 formed stellate, branching structures upon BMP4 treatment in Matrigel. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind these BMP4 induced phenotypes and their clinical relevance.
Citation Format: Minna E. Ampuja, Riikka Jokimäki, Emma-Leena Alarmo, Kati Juuti-Uusitalo, Anne Kallioniemi. BMP4 inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells in 3D and induces a migratory phenotype in MDA-MB-231 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1397. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1397
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Laitinen VH, Wahlfors T, Saaristo L, Rantapero T, Pelttari LM, Kilpivaara O, Laasanen SL, Kallioniemi A, Nevanlinna H, Aaltonen L, Vessella RL, Auvinen A, Visakorpi T, Tammela TLJ, Schleutker J. HOXB13 G84E mutation in Finland: population-based analysis of prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:452-60. [PMID: 23292082 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1000-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recently identified germline mutation G84E in HOXB13 was shown to increase the risk of prostate cancer. In a family-based analysis by The International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG), the G84E mutation was most prevalent in families from the Nordic countries of Finland (22.4%) and Sweden (8.2%). METHODS To further investigate the importance of G84E in the Finns, we determined its frequency in more than 4,000 prostate cancer cases and 5,000 controls. In addition, 986 breast cancer and 442 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases were studied. Genotyping was conducted using TaqMan, MassARRAY iPLEX, and sequencing. Statistical analyses were conducted using Fisher exact test, and overall survival was analyzed using Cox modeling. RESULTS The frequency of the G84E mutation was significantly higher among patients with prostate cancer and highest among patients with a family history of the disease, hereditary prostate cancer [8.4% vs. 1.0% in controls; OR 8.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.9-15.7]. The mutation contributed significantly to younger age (≤55 years) at onset and high prostate-specific antigen (PSA; ≥20 ng/mL) at diagnosis. An association with increased prostate cancer risk in patients with prior benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) diagnosis was also revealed. No statistically significant evidence for a contribution in CRC risk was detected, but a suggestive role for the mutation was observed in familial BRCA1/2-negative breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm an increased cancer risk associated with the G84E mutation in the Finnish population, particularly for early-onset prostate cancer and cases with substantially elevated PSA. IMPACT This study confirms the overall importance of the HOXB13 G84E mutation in prostate cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi H Laitinen
- Johanna Schleutker, Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland.
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Rauhala HE, Teppo S, Niemelä S, Kallioniemi A. Silencing of the ARP2/3 complex disturbs pancreatic cancer cell migration. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:45-52. [PMID: 23267127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex is an actin nucleator responsible for actin cytoskeleton branching which is essential for efficient cell migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of the seven ARP2/3 complex subunits was assessed in pancreatic cancer cell lines and in normal pancreatic samples by quantitative RT-PCR. siRNA-mediated silencing was used to study the contribution of each ARP2/3 complex member to pancreatic cancer cell migration. RESULTS ARPC3 and ARPC4 were the most highly expressed complex members, while ARPC1B and ARPC2 were expressed at low levels. Silencing of the ARP2/3 complex subunits typically resulted in reduced cell migration capacity. In particular, silencing of ARPC4 significantly reduced cell migration in all studied cell lines, with a major impact on Hs700T and HPAFII migration (50% and 68% decrease, p<0.001). CONCLUSION We offer comprehensive expression data on the ARP2/3 complex members for pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas. In addition, we show cell line-specific differences in ARP2/3 complex subunit dependency on cell migratory potential, and suggest ARPC4 to be one of the key members of the ARP2/3 complex in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E Rauhala
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, FIN_33014 University of Tampere, Finland
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Solyom S, Aressy B, Pylkäs K, Patterson-Fortin J, Hartikainen JM, Kallioniemi A, Kauppila S, Nikkilä J, Kosma VM, Mannermaa A, Greenberg RA, Winqvist R. Breast cancer-associated Abraxas mutation disrupts nuclear localization and DNA damage response functions. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:122ra23. [PMID: 22357538 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in developed countries and has a well-established genetic component. Germline mutations in a network of genes encoding BRCA1, BRCA2, and their interacting partners confer hereditary susceptibility to breast cancer. Abraxas directly interacts with the BRCA1 BRCT (BRCA1 carboxyl-terminal) repeats and contributes to BRCA1-dependent DNA damage responses, making Abraxas a candidate for yet unexplained disease susceptibility. Here, we have screened 125 Northern Finnish breast cancer families for coding region and splice-site Abraxas mutations and genotyped three tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the gene from 991 unselected breast cancer cases and 868 female controls for common cancer-associated variants. A novel heterozygous alteration, c.1082G>A (Arg361Gln), that results in abrogated nuclear localization and DNA response activities was identified in three breast cancer families and in one additional familial case from an unselected breast cancer cohort, but not in healthy controls (P = 0.002). On the basis of its exclusive occurrence in familial cancers, disease cosegregation, evolutionary conservation, and disruption of critical BRCA1 functions, the recurrent Abraxas c.1082G>A mutation connects to cancer predisposition. These findings contribute to the concept of a BRCA-centered tumor suppressor network and provide the identity of Abraxas as a new breast cancer susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Solyom
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Aapistie 5A, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
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Pelttari LM, Kiiski J, Nurminen R, Kallioniemi A, Schleutker J, Gylfe A, Aaltonen LA, Leminen A, Heikkilä P, Blomqvist C, Bützow R, Aittomäki K, Nevanlinna H. A Finnish founder mutation in RAD51D: analysis in breast, ovarian, prostate, and colorectal cancer. J Med Genet 2012; 49:429-32. [PMID: 22652533 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAD51D and RAD54L are involved in homologous recombination, and rare mutations in RAD51D were recently found in breast-ovarian cancer families. This study investigated RAD51D and RAD54L for mutations in breast and ovarian cancer patients in the Finnish population. METHODS The study sequenced the RAD51D and RAD54L genes in 95 breast and/or ovarian cancer families and genotyped the identified mutation in an additional 2200 breast and 553 ovarian cancer patients and 2102 population controls. To investigate the role of the mutation in other common cancers, 1094 prostate and 980 colorectal cancer patients were genotyped. RESULTS In the screening of RAD51D, one deleterious founder mutation c.576+1G>A was identified in two breast-ovarian cancer families. No mutations were found in RAD54L. Altogether, the c.576+1G>A mutation was detected in 5/707 patients with a personal or family history of ovarian cancer (OR 9.16, 95% CI 1.07 to 78.56; p=0.024), with the highest frequency among breast-ovarian cancer families (3/105 vs 1/1287 controls, OR 37.82, 95% CI 3.90 to 366.91; p=0.0016), but no elevated frequency among breast cancer patients/families (2/2105, p=1). The mutation was not found among prostate or colorectal cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study on familial and unselected breast, ovarian, colorectal, and prostate cancer patients suggest that RAD51D is primarily a moderate penetrance susceptibility gene for ovarian cancer, with clinical significance for the carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics andGynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Laurila EM, Sandström S, Rantanen LM, Autio R, Kallioniemi A. Both inhibition and enhanced expression of miR-31 lead to reduced migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 51:557-68. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Rodriguez-Martinez A, Alarmo EL, Saarinen L, Ketolainen J, Nousiainen K, Hautaniemi S, Kallioniemi A. Analysis of BMP4 and BMP7 signaling in breast cancer cells unveils time-dependent transcription patterns and highlights a common synexpression group of genes. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:80. [PMID: 22118688 PMCID: PMC3229454 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors. They are known for their roles in regulation of osteogenesis and developmental processes and, in recent years, evidence has accumulated of their crucial functions in tumor biology. BMP4 and BMP7, in particular, have been implicated in breast cancer. However, little is known about BMP target genes in the context of tumor. We explored the effects of BMP4 and BMP7 treatment on global gene transcription in seven breast cancer cell lines during a 6-point time series, using a whole-genome oligo microarray. Data analysis included hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes, gene ontology enrichment analyses and model based clustering of temporal data. Results Both ligands had a strong effect on gene expression, although the response to BMP4 treatment was more pronounced. The cellular functions most strongly affected by BMP signaling were regulation of transcription and development. The observed transcriptional response, as well as its functional outcome, followed a temporal sequence, with regulation of gene expression and signal transduction leading to changes in metabolism and cell proliferation. Hierarchical clustering revealed distinct differences in the response of individual cell lines to BMPs, but also highlighted a synexpression group of genes for both ligands. Interestingly, the majority of the genes within these synexpression groups were shared by the two ligands, probably representing the core molecular responses common to BMP4 and BMP7 signaling pathways. Conclusions All in all, we show that BMP signaling has a remarkable effect on gene transcription in breast cancer cells and that the functions affected follow a logical temporal pattern. Our results also uncover components of the common cellular transcriptional response to BMP4 and BMP7. Most importantly, this study provides a list of potential novel BMP target genes relevant in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rodriguez-Martinez
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
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Kallio H, Tolvanen M, Jänis J, Pan PW, Laurila E, Kallioniemi A, Kilpinen S, Tuominen VJ, Isola J, Valjakka J, Pastorekova S, Pastorek J, Parkkila S. Characterization of non-specific cytotoxic cell receptor protein 1: a new member of the lectin-type subfamily of F-box proteins. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27152. [PMID: 22087255 PMCID: PMC3210139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous microarray study showed that the non-specific cytotoxic cell receptor protein 1 (Nccrp1) transcript is significantly upregulated in the gastric mucosa of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX)-deficient (Car9−/−) mice. In this paper, we aimed to characterize human NCCRP1 and to elucidate its relationship to CA IX. Recombinant NCCRP1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and a novel polyclonal antiserum was raised against the purified full-length protein. Immunocytochemistry showed that NCCRP1 is expressed intracellularly, even though it has previously been described as a transmembrane protein. Using bioinformatic analyses, we identified orthologs of NCCRP1 in 35 vertebrate genomes, and up to five paralogs per genome. These paralogs are FBXO genes whose protein products are components of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. NCCRP1 proteins have no signal peptides or transmembrane domains. NCCRP1 has mainly been studied in fish and was thought to be responsible for the cytolytic function of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCCs). Our analyses showed that in humans, NCCRP1 mRNA is expressed in tissues containing squamous epithelium, whereas it shows a more ubiquitous tissue expression pattern in mice. Neither human nor mouse NCCRP1 expression is specific to immune tissues. Silencing CA9 using siRNAs did not affect NCCRP1 levels, indicating that its expression is not directly regulated by CA9. Interestingly, silencing NCCRP1 caused a statistically significant decrease in the growth of HeLa cells. These studies provide ample evidence that the current name, “non-specific cytotoxic cell receptor protein 1,” is not appropriate. We therefore propose that the gene name be changed to FBXO50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Kallio
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Virtanen S, Alarmo EL, Sandström S, Ampuja M, Kallioniemi A. Bone morphogenetic protein -4 and -5 in pancreatic cancer--novel bidirectional players. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2136-46. [PMID: 21704030 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional signaling molecules that have gained increasing interest in cancer research. To obtain a systematic view on BMP signaling in pancreatic cancer we first determined the mRNA expression levels of seven BMP ligands (BMP2-BMP8) and six BMP specific receptors in pancreatic cancer cell lines and normal pancreatic tissue. BMP receptor expression was seen in all cancer and normal samples. Low expression levels of BMP5 and BMP8 were detected in cancer cells compared to the normal samples, whereas BMP4 expression was elevated in 25% of the cases. The impact of BMP4 and BMP5 signaling on cell phenotype was then evaluated in five pancreatic cancer cell lines. Both ligands suppressed the growth of three cell lines (up to 79% decrease in BMP4-treated PANC-1 cells), mainly due to cell cycle changes. BMP4 and BMP5 concurrently increased cell migration and invasion (maximally a 10.8-fold increase in invaded BMP4-treated PANC-1 cells). The phenotypic changes were typically associated with the activation of the canonical SMAD pathway, although such activation was not observed in the PANC-1 cells. Taken together, BMP4 and BMP5 simultaneously inhibit the growth and promote migration and invasion of the same pancreatic cells and thus exhibit a biphasic role with both detrimental and beneficial functions in pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siru Virtanen
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
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Pelttari LM, Heikkinen T, Thompson D, Kallioniemi A, Schleutker J, Holli K, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Bützow R, Nevanlinna H. RAD51C is a susceptibility gene for ovarian cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:3278-88. [PMID: 21616938 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A homozygous mutation in the RAD51C gene was recently found to cause Fanconi anemia-like disorder. Furthermore, six heterozygous deleterious RAD51C mutations were detected in German breast and ovarian cancer families. We screened 277 Finnish familial breast or ovarian cancer patients for RAD51C and identified two recurrent deleterious mutations (c.93delG and c.837+1G>A). These mutations were further genotyped in 491 familial breast cancer patients, 409 unselected ovarian cancer patients and two series of unselected breast cancer cases (884 from Helsinki and 686 from Tampere) and population controls (1279 and 807, respectively). The mutation frequency among all breast cancer cases was not different from the controls (4 out of 2239, 0.2% versus population controls 2 out of 2086, 0.1%, P= 0.7). In the Helsinki series, each mutation was found in four cases with personal or family history of ovarian cancer. No mutations were found among cases with familial breast cancer only, four out of the eight carriers did not have family history of breast cancer. The mutations associated with an increased risk of familial breast and ovarian cancer (OR: 13.59, 95% CI 1.89-97.6, P= 0.026 compared with controls), but especially with familial ovarian cancer in the absence of breast cancer (OR: 213, 95% CI 25.6-1769, P= 0.0002) and also with unselected ovarian cancer (OR: 6.31, 95% CI 1.15-34.6, P= 0.033), with a significantly higher mutation rate among the familial cases (two out of eight, 25%) than the unselected ovarian cancer cases (4 out of 409, 1%) (OR: 33.8, 95% CI 5.15-221, P= 0.005). These results suggest RAD51C as the first moderate-to-high risk susceptibility gene for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
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Kuuselo R, Savinainen K, Sandström S, Autio R, Kallioniemi A. MED29, a component of the mediator complex, possesses both oncogenic and tumor suppressive characteristics in pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2553-65. [PMID: 21225629 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mediator complex subunit 29 (MED29) is part of a large multiprotein coactivator complex that mediates regulatory signals from gene-specific activators to general transcription machinery in RNA polymerase II mediated transcription. We previously found that MED29 is amplified and overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and that MED29 silencing leads to decreased cell survival in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells with high MED29 expression. Here we further demonstrate decreased migration, invasion and colony formation in PANC-1 cells after MED29 silencing. Unexpectedly, lentiviral-based overexpression of MED29 led to decreased proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells as well as MIAPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells with low endogenous expression. More importantly, subcutaneous inoculation of the MED29-transduced pancreatic cancer cells into immuno-compromised mice resulted in dramatic tumor suppression. The mock-control mice developed large tumors, whereas the animals with MED29-xenografts showed both decreased tumor incidence and a major reduction in tumor size. Gene expression analysis in the MED29-transduced pancreatic cancer cells revealed differential expression of genes involved in control of cell cycle and cell division. The observed gene expression changes are expected to modulate the cell cycle in a way that leads to reduced cell growth, explaining the in vivo tumor suppressive phenotype. Taken together, these data implicate MED29 as an important regulator of key cellular functions in pancreatic cancer with both oncogenic and tumor suppressive characteristics. Such a dualistic role appears to be more common than previously thought and is likely to depend on the genetic background of the cancer cells and their surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riina Kuuselo
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Kuuselo R, Simon R, Karhu R, Tennstedt P, Marx AH, Izbicki JR, Yekebas E, Sauter G, Kallioniemi A. 19q13 amplification is associated with high grade and stage in pancreatic cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:569-75. [PMID: 20232484 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with an extremely poor prognosis, and thus, there is a great need for better diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The 19q13 chromosomal locus is amplified in several cancer types, including pancreatic cancer, but the possible clinical significance of this aberration remains unclear. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays containing 357 primary pancreatic tumors, 151 metastases, and 24 local recurrences as well as 120 cancer cell lines from various tissues to establish the frequency of the 19q13 amplification and to find potential correlations to clinical parameters including patient survival. Copy number increases were found in 12.2% of the primary pancreatic tumors and 9.3% of the cell lines, including those derived from bladder, colorectal, ovarian, and thyroid carcinomas. Copy number changes were linked to high grade (P = 0.044) and stage (P = 0.025) tumors, and the average survival time of patients with 19q13 amplification was shorter than that of those without this aberration. Our findings revealed recurrent 19q13 amplification in pancreatic cancer and involvement of the same locus as in bladder, colorectal, ovarian, and thyroid carcinomas. More importantly, the 19q13 amplifications were associated with poor tumor phenotype and showed a trend toward shorter survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riina Kuuselo
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Finland
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Abstract
The human bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family consists of over 20 growth factor proteins that are involved in bone formation and developmental processes. BMPs are extracellular signalling molecules that are able to regulate various cellular functions, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. For the last 10 years, these powerful cytokines have increasingly been studied in several cancers, and aberrant expression patterns of BMPs have been reported. Functional studies have suggested that BMPs are involved in both cancer promotion and inhibition. The role these signalling molecules play in breast cancer is only starting to emerge: thus far, studies have been even contradictory. Different BMP ligands have been shown to decrease as well as increase cancer cell growth and migration. Furthermore, they are involved in bone metastases, which are a common feature in breast cancer. In this sense, BMPs resemble a closely related protein transforming growth factor beta, which possesses a bidirectional role in cancer cell regulation. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of BMP expression, functional roles and involvement in bone metastasis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Leena Alarmo
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Finland
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Wolf M, Korja M, Karhu R, Edgren H, Kilpinen S, Ojala K, Mousses S, Kallioniemi A, Haapasalo H. Array-based gene expression, CGH and tissue data defines a 12q24 gain in neuroblastic tumors with prognostic implication. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:181. [PMID: 20444257 PMCID: PMC2873396 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma has successfully served as a model system for the identification of neuroectoderm-derived oncogenes. However, in spite of various efforts, only a few clinically useful prognostic markers have been found. Here, we present a framework, which integrates DNA, RNA and tissue data to identify and prioritize genetic events that represent clinically relevant new therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for neuroblastoma. METHODS A single-gene resolution aCGH profiling was integrated with microarray-based gene expression profiling data to distinguish genetic copy number alterations that were strongly associated with transcriptional changes in two neuroblastoma cell lines. FISH analysis using a hotspot tumor tissue microarray of 37 paraffin-embedded neuroblastoma samples and in silico data mining for gene expression information obtained from previously published studies including up to 445 healthy nervous system samples and 123 neuroblastoma samples were used to evaluate the clinical significance and transcriptional consequences of the detected alterations and to identify subsequently activated gene(s). RESULTS In addition to the anticipated high-level amplification and subsequent overexpression of MYCN, MEIS1, CDK4 and MDM2 oncogenes, the aCGH analysis revealed numerous other genetic alterations, including microamplifications at 2p and 12q24.11. Most interestingly, we identified and investigated the clinical relevance of a previously poorly characterized amplicon at 12q24.31. FISH analysis showed low-level gain of 12q24.31 in 14 of 33 (42%) neuroblastomas. Patients with the low-level gain had an intermediate prognosis in comparison to patients with MYCN amplification (poor prognosis) and to those with no MYCN amplification or 12q24.31 gain (good prognosis) (P = 0.001). Using the in silico data mining approach, we identified elevated expression of five genes located at the 12q24.31 amplicon in neuroblastoma (DIABLO, ZCCHC8, RSRC2, KNTC1 and MPHOSPH9). Among these, DIABLO showed the strongest activation suggesting a putative role in neuroblastoma progression. CONCLUSIONS The presented systematic and rapid framework, which integrates aCGH, gene expression and tissue data to obtain novel targets and biomarkers for cancer, identified a low-level gain of the 12q24.31 as a potential new biomarker for neuroblastoma progression. Furthermore, results of in silico data mining suggest a new neuroblastoma target gene, DIABLO, within this region, whose functional and therapeutic role remains to be elucidated in follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Wolf
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Alarmo EL, Virtanen S, Sandström S, Ampuja M, Kallioniemi A. Abstract 4099: BMP4 and BMP5 in pancreatic cancer: novel bidirectional players. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are signaling molecules involved in diverse developmental phases and are able to regulate cell growth, apoptosis and differentiation. For the last decade, they have also been increasingly in focus in cancer research. Studies have demonstrated that BMPs are able to both promote and inhibit cancer progression. In pancreatic cancer, there are only very few papers that have evaluated the role of BMP signaling.
In this work, we have first determined the expression of seven BMP ligands (BMP2- BMP8) and six BMP specific receptors in 16 pancreatic cancer cell lines and in 4 normal pancreatic tissues using qRT-PCR. Expression of six BMP specific receptors was seen in all pancreatic cancer cell lines as well as in normal pancreas samples indicating that these cells are able to respond to BMP signals. Transcripts of the ligands BMP2, BMP3, BMP6 and BMP7 were detected at similar expression levels in both cancer and normal sample groups. The relative expression levels of BMP5 and BMP8 were significantly decreased in cancer cell lines compared to the normal pancreas samples. Interestingly, in a subset (4/16) of the cancer cell lines BMP4 was detected at highly elevated expression level whereas in rest of the cancer and in all normal samples its expression was barely detectable.
We chose to study further the potential role of BMP4 and BMP5 signaling in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. Changes in cell growth, migration, and invasion were examined in five pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, SU.86.86, MIAPaCa-2, HPAF-II, and PANC-1) after recombinant BMP4 or BMP5 treatment. BMP5 treatment reduced cell number in three cell lines up to 36% (MIAPaCa-2, HPAF-II, and PANC-1). BMP4 decreased growth in four cell lines with the most distinct difference seen in MIAPaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells (30% or 79% decrease in cell number, respectively). BMP5 and BMP4 induced growth inhibition were both mainly due the alterations in cell cycle. Despite the growth inhibitory effect, BMP5 simultaneously increased the migration and invasion of two cell lines (MIAPaCa-2 and HPAF-II). Similarly, BMP4 increased migration and invasion of three cell lines with clear growth reduction. BMP4 treatment resulted in 3.5-fold increase of invaded MIAPaCa-2 cells and 10.8-fold increase of invaded PANC-1 cells. All cell lines with phenotypic changes showed activation of the canonical SMAD pathway. In addition, phosphorylation of MAP-kinases p38 and ERK1/2 was detected in MIAPaCa-2 cells after BMP4 and BMP5 stimulation. Taken together, BMP4 and BMP5 are able to both inhibit the growth and promote migration and invasion of the same pancreatic cell line. In this regard they resemble a closely related cytokine, transforming growth factor β, with a demonstrated dual function in cancer.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4099.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Leena Alarmo
- 1University of Tampere, Institute of Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Siru Virtanen
- 1University of Tampere, Institute of Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saana Sandström
- 1University of Tampere, Institute of Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Ampuja
- 1University of Tampere, Institute of Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- 1University of Tampere, Institute of Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
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Laurila E, Sandstrom S, Autio R, Kallioniemi A. Abstract 3043: Microarray based profiling reveals a distinct set of differentially expressed miRNAs in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded RNA molecules which have a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. Several miRNAs have been shown to be up- or downregulated in different tumor types and there is clear evidence that they are actively involved in cancer development. Depending on their target genes, microRNAs can act both as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes in cancer is likely to provide essential information on disease pathogenesis and thereby new tools for the clinical management of cancer. Here we aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in pancreatic cancer and to explore their possible role in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. To this end, we screened miRNA expression levels in 16 established pancreatic cancer cell lines and four normal human pancreatic RNA samples using miRNA arrays. Hierarchical clustering of the miRNA expression data separated the normal and cancer samples into two distinct clusters, indicating a specific miRNA signature in pancreatic cancer different from that seen in normal pancreas. The data analysis (eBayes method and the Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment) revealed a subset of 72 miRNAs which were either up- or downregulated (at least 1.5-fold, adjusted p-value <0.05) in pancreatic cancer compared with the normal samples. Among these were miRNAs previously linked to cancer, for example miR-21 and members of the let-7 family, but also novel differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. Twelve of the differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR and a median Pearson correlation value of 0.83 was observed between the two methods, thus confirming the reliability of the microarray results. Of the 72 differentially expressed miRNAs, 35 had increased and 37 decreased expression in cancer samples. This is an interesting finding since miRNAs are generally believed to be more often downregulated than upregulated in cancer. Evaluation of the genomic localization of the differentially expressed miRNAs showed clustering at a few specific chromosomal sites suggesting that genomic aberrations might partly underlie the observed expression changes. To identify possible target genes for the differentially expressed miRNAs, we used the GOmir application which utilizes four different target prediction programs. A range of targets were identified, some of which were common for all four programs and thus represent the most probable target genes. Finally, selected miRNAs showing the most frequent differential expression in pancreatic cancer will be characterized and the functional consequences of their aberrant expression on cancer cell phenotype will be studied. By understanding the connections between miRNA expression, gene expression and cancer cell characteristics, we may be able to find new targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3043.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reija Autio
- 2Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
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Ketolainen JM, Alarmo EL, Tuominen VJ, Kallioniemi A. Parallel inhibition of cell growth and induction of cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells by bone morphogenetic protein 4. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 124:377-86. [PMID: 20182795 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are extracellular signaling molecules that belong to the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily. Bone morphogenetic proteins have diverse roles during development where they regulate proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in many different cell types by modulating the transcription of specific target genes. BMPs have also been implicated in both promotion and inhibition of cancer progression. We have recently shown that BMP4 is commonly expressed in breast cancer but its functional significance has not been previously explored. Our data demonstrate that in all nine breast cancer cell lines studied, BMP4 treatment leads to a dramatic growth suppression as a result of the induction of G1 arrest of the cell cycle. At the same time, BMP4 stimulates cell migration and invasion in a subset of these breast cancer cell lines. The BMP4-induced phenotypic changes were mediated through the activation of the canonical SMAD signaling pathway whereas no activation of MAP-kinases ERK1/2 or p38 was detected. Our results thus implicate that BMP4 is an important regulator of key phenotypic characteristics of cancer cells, cell growth, cell migration, and invasion, and that, similar to TGFβ, it possesses both tumor suppressive and oncogenic properties in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Ketolainen
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33014, Tampere, Finland
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