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Zhao N, Lai C, Wang Y, Dai S, Gu H. Understanding the role of DNA methylation in colorectal cancer: Mechanisms, detection, and clinical significance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189096. [PMID: 38499079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, ranking third in incidence and second in mortality. Remarkably, early stage localized CRC has a 5-year survival rate of over 90%; in stark contrast, the corresponding 5-year survival rate for metastatic CRC (mCRC) is only 14%. Compounding this problem is the staggering lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Beyond genetic mutations, which have been identified as critical instigators of CRC initiation and progression, the importance of epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm), cannot be underestimated, given that DNAm can be used for diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognostic evaluation. This review addresses the intricate mechanisms governing aberrant DNAm in CRC and its profound impact on critical oncogenic pathways. In addition, a comprehensive review of the various techniques used to detect DNAm alterations in CRC is provided, along with an exploration of the clinical utility of cancer-specific DNAm alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chuanxi Lai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Zhejiang ShengTing Biotech. Ltd, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.
| | - Hongcang Gu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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2
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Oh CK, Cho YS. Pathogenesis and biomarkers of colorectal cancer by epigenetic alteration. Intest Res 2024; 22:131-151. [PMID: 38295766 PMCID: PMC11079515 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2023.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in cancer incidence and stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. CRC tumorigenesis results from a cumulative set of genetic and epigenetic alterations, disrupting cancer-regulatory processes like cell proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell death, invasion, and metastasis. Key epigenetic modifications observed in cancers encompass abnormal DNA methylation, atypical histone modifications, and irregularities in noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. The advancement in genomic technologies has positioned these genetic and epigenetic shifts as potential clinical biomarkers for CRC patients. This review concisely covers the fundamental principles of CRC-associated epigenetic changes, and examines in detail their emerging role as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and treatment response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyo Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Martinez-Marin D, Helmer RA, Kaur G, Washburn RL, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Sennone SR, Dufour JM, Chilton BS. Helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF)-deleted CDX/TME model of colorectal cancer increased transcription of oxidative phosphorylation genes and diverted glycolysis to boost S-glutathionylation in lymphatic intravascular metastatic niches. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291023. [PMID: 37682902 PMCID: PMC10490896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) also known as SMARCA3, protects genome integrity. A tumor suppressor, HLTF is expressed in tumor cells but not in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC). With disease progression, there is high concordance between epigenetic silencing of HLTF in CRC cells and negligible HLTF expression in the TME. We developed a cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) model and show for the first time that HLTF-deletion in cancer cells and the TME results in metabolic reprogramming that mitigates oxidative stress in lymphatic intravascular metastatic niches. The two metabolic pathways that derive energy from glucose-glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-are variously utilized by cancer cells depending upon the TME. HIF-1α, a master regulator of glycolysis, was eliminated from a role in reprogramming metabolism to satisfy CDX energetic requirements by RNAseq and spatial transcriptomics. Variability in the gut microbiome, with a putative role in altered metabolism, was also eliminated. HLTF-deleted cancer cells recovered from DNA damage at a transcriptomic level induction of DNA repair and OXPHOS genes linked to an amoeboid-associated phenotype at the tumor border (confocal microscopy). HLTF-deleted cancer and endothelial cells of lymphatic (PDPN) intravascular niches in the TME shared a site-specific protein S-glutathionylation signature (2D DIGE, MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry) for three glycolytic enzymes (PGK1 Cys379/380, PGAM1 Cys55, ENOA1 Cys119) that diverted glycolysis in support of continued glutathione biosynthesis. The collective absence of HLTF/Hltf from tumor and TME achieved redox homeostasis throughout the CDX and promoted metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Martinez-Marin
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Helmer
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Current address: Garrison Independent School District, Garrison, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Washburn
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Raul Martinez-Zaguilan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Souad R. Sennone
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jannette M. Dufour
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research, Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Beverly S. Chilton
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research, Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
- School of Medicine Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
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4
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Anzinger I, Nagel D, De Toni EN, Ofner A, Philipp AB, Holdt LM, Teupser D, Kolligs FT, Herbst A. Cell-free circulating ALU repeats in serum have a prognostic value for colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Biomark 2023:CBM210536. [PMID: 37302022 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the only established serum biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). To facilitate therapy decisions and improve the overall survival of CRC patients, prognostic biomarkers are required. OBJECTIVE We studied the prognostic value of five different cell free circulating DNA (fcDNA) fragments. The potential markers were ALU115, ALU247, LINE1-79, LINE1-300 and ND1-mt. METHODS The copy numbers of the DNA fragments were measured in the peripheral blood serum of 268 CRC patients using qPCR, the results were compared to common and previously described markers. RESULTS We found that ALU115 and ALU247 fcDNA levels correlate significantly with several clinicopathological parameters. An increased amount of ALU115 and ALU247 fcDNA fragments coincides with methylation of HPP1 (P< 0.001; P< 0.01), which proved to be a prognostic marker itself in former studies and also with increased CEA level (P< 0.001). ALU115 and ALU247 can define patients with poor survival in UICC stage IV (Alu115: HR = 2.9; 95% Cl 1.8-4.8, P< 0.001; Alu247: HR = 2.2; 95% Cl 1.3-3.6; P= 0.001). Combining ALU115 and HPP1, the prognostic value in UICC stage IV is highly significant (P< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that an increased level of ALU fcDNA is an independent prognostic biomarker for advanced colorectal cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Anzinger
- Department of Urology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Straubing, Germany
| | - Dorothea Nagel
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico N De Toni
- Medical Department 2, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ofner
- Medical Department 2, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander B Philipp
- Medical Department 2, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Herbst
- Medical Department 2, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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5
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Ghavami S, Zamani M, Ahmadi M, Erfani M, Dastghaib S, Darbandi M, Darbandi S, Vakili O, Siri M, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Zarghooni M, Wiechec E, Mokarram P. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy in gastrointestinal cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166512. [PMID: 35931405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary to manage gastrointestinal cancers (GICs). Considering the effective molecular mechanisms involved in tumor growth, the therapeutic response is pivotal in this process. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that acts as a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis and tumor inhibition in a context-dependent manner. Depending on the stage of malignancy and cellular origin of the tumor, autophagy might result in cancer cell survival or death during the GICs' progression. Moreover, autophagy can prevent the progression of GIC in the early stages but leads to chemoresistance in advanced stages. Therefore, targeting specific arms of autophagy could be a promising strategy in the prevention of chemoresistance and treatment of GIC. It has been revealed that autophagy is a cytoplasmic event that is subject to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation inside the nucleus. The effect of epigenetic regulation (including DNA methylation, histone modification, and expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cellular fate is still not completely understood. Recent findings have indicated that epigenetic alterations can modify several genes and modulators, eventually leading to inhibition or promotion of autophagy in different cancer stages, and mediating chemoresistance or chemosensitivity. The current review focuses on the links between autophagy and epigenetics in GICs and discusses: 1) How autophagy and epigenetics are linked in GICs, by considering different epigenetic mechanisms; 2) how epigenetics may be involved in the alteration of cancer-related phenotypes, including cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; and 3) how epidrugs modulate autophagy in GICs to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mehran Erfani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran; Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran; Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumni, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Fatemi N, Tierling S, Es HA, Varkiani M, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Walter J, Totonchi M. DNA Methylation Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Clinical Applications for Precision Medicine. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:2068-2081. [PMID: 35730647 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide that is attributed to gradual long-term accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic changes. To reduce the mortality rate of CRC and to improve treatment efficacy, it will be important to develop accurate noninvasive diagnostic tests for screening, acute, and personalized diagnosis. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation play an important role in the development and progression of CRC. Over the last decade, a panel of DNA methylation markers has been reported showing a high accuracy and reproducibility in various semi-invasive or noninvasive biosamples. Research to obtain comprehensive panels of markers allowing a highly sensitive and differentiating diagnosis of CRC is ongoing. Moreover, the epigenetic alterations for cancer therapy, as a precision medicine strategy will increase their therapeutic potential over time. Here, we discuss the current state of DNA methylation-based biomarkers and their impact on CRC diagnosis. We emphasize the need to further identify and stratify methylation-biomarkers and to develop robust and effective detection methods that are applicable for a routine clinical setting of CRC diagnostics particularly at the early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeralsadat Fatemi
- Basic & Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sascha Tierling
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Life Sciences, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Maryam Varkiani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic & Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Life Sciences, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Basic & Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Yang M, Sun M, Zhang H. The Interaction Between Epigenetic Changes, EMT, and Exosomes in Predicting Metastasis of Colorectal Cancers (CRC). Front Oncol 2022; 12:879848. [PMID: 35712512 PMCID: PMC9197117 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.879848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common malignancy, and the second most deadly with nearly one million attributable deaths in 2020. Metastatic disease is present in nearly 25% of newly diagnosed CRC, and despite advances in chemotherapy, less than 20% will remain alive at 5 years. Epigenetic change plays a key role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a crucial phenotype for metastasis and mainly includes DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA, seemingly valuable biomarkers in CRCs. For ncRNAs, there exists a “molecular sponge effect” between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). The detection of exosomes is a novel method in CRC monitoring, especially for predicting metastasis. There is a close relationship between exosomes and EMT in CRCs. This review summarizes the close relationship between epigenetic changes and EMT in CRCs and emphasizes the crucial function of exosomes in regulating the EMT process.
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8
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Hu Y, Zhou Y, Cao Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Jiang R, Gong Q, Zhou Q. Nomograms based on lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio for predicting survival in colorectal cancer. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1003-1012. [PMID: 35813299 PMCID: PMC9254365 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.71971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to determine if lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio (LAR) might play a prognostic role for patients with operable colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients and Methods: 1334 operable CRC patients in Wuhan Union Hospital Between July 2013 and September 2017 were enrolled in this study and were randomly appointed them into training (n=954) and validation (n=380) sets. The relationship between LAR and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were determined by restricted cubic splines (RCS) with Cox regression models. LAR was then divided into three categories based on the RCS and compared to the well-known TNM stage system. Finally, survival nomograms were developed by compounding the LAR and other clinical factors. Results: Baseline LAR values and the all-cause mortality were U shaped, which slowly decreased until around 4.50 and then started to increase rapidly when the LAR ranged from 4.50-6.68 and then became flat thereafter (P for non-linearity <0.001). LAR was superior to TNM stage for OS as well as DFS and LAR plus TNM stage could add more net benefit than clinical model alone. Moreover, the survival nomograms based on LAR achieved great predictive ability for OS and DFS in operable CRC patients. Conclusions: LAR could be served as a reliable prognostic factor for OS as well as DFS, with more accurate prognostic prediction than current TNM stage for patients with operable CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; 430061
| | - Yanxiang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; 430061
| | - Yinghao Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; 430022
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; 430061
| | - Yuanting Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; 430061
| | - Riyue Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; 430061
| | - Qincheng Gong
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; 430061
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; 430061
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9
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Helmer RA, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Kaur G, Smith LA, Dufour JM, Chilton BS. Helicase-like transcription factor-deletion from the tumor microenvironment in a cell line-derived xenograft model of colorectal cancer reprogrammed the human transcriptome-S-nitroso-proteome to promote inflammation and redirect metastasis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251132. [PMID: 34010296 PMCID: PMC8133447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation of the HLTF gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells occurs more frequently in men than women. Progressive epigenetic silencing of HLTF in tumor cells is accompanied by negligible expression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cell line-derived xenografts (CDX) were established in control (Hltf+/+) and Hltf-deleted male Rag2-/-IL2rg-/- mice by direct orthotopic cell microinjection (OCMI) of HLTF+/+HCT116 Red-FLuc cells into the submucosa of the cecum. Combinatorial induction of IL6 and S100A8/A9 in the Hltf-deleted TME with ICAM-1 and IL8 in the primary tumor activated a positive feedback loop. The proinflammatory niche produced a major shift in CDX metastasis to peritoneal dissemination compared to controls. Inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) gene expression and transactivation of the iNOS-S100A8/A9 signaling complex in Hltf-deleted TME reprogrammed the human S-nitroso-proteome. POTEE, TRIM52 and UN45B were S-nitrosylated on the conserved I/L-X-C-X2-D/E motif indicative of iNOS-S100A8/A9-mediated S-nitrosylation. 2D-DIGE and protein identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry authenticated S-nitrosylation of 53 individual cysteines in half-site motifs (I/L-X-C or C-X-X-D/E) in CDX tumors. POTEE in CDX tumors is both a general S-nitrosylation target and an iNOS-S100A8/A9 site-specific (Cys638) target in the Hltf-deleted TME. REL is an example of convergence of transcriptomic-S-nitroso-proteomic signaling. The gene is transcriptionally activated in CDX tumors with an Hltf-deleted TME, and REL-SNO (Cys143) was found in primary CDX tumors and all metastatic sites. Primary CDX tumors from Hltf-deleted TME shared 60% of their S-nitroso-proteome with all metastatic sites. Forty percent of SNO-proteins from primary CDX tumors were variably expressed at metastatic sites. Global S-nitrosylation of proteins in pathways related to cytoskeleton and motility was strongly implicated in the metastatic dissemination of CDX tumors. Hltf-deletion from the TME played a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and linked protein S-nitrosylation in primary CDX tumors with spatiotemporal continuity in metastatic progression when the tumor cells expressed HLTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Helmer
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Raul Martinez-Zaguilan
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jannette M. Dufour
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Beverly S. Chilton
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
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10
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Nassar FJ, Msheik ZS, Nasr RR, Temraz SN. Methylated circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:111. [PMID: 34001239 PMCID: PMC8130320 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly disease whose death rate ranks second among cancers though its incidence ranks third. Early CRC detection is key and is associated with improved survival outcomes. However, existing tests for CRC diagnosis have several weaknesses thus rendering them inefficient. Moreover, reliable prognostic tests that can predict the overall cancer outcome and recurrence of the disease as well as predictive markers that can assess effectiveness of therapy are still lacking. Thus, shifting to noninvasive liquid biopsy or blood-based biomarkers is vital to improving CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction. Methylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has gained increased attention as a type of liquid biopsy that is tumor-derived fragmented DNA with epigenetic alterations. Methylated ctDNA are more consistently present in blood of cancer patients as compared to mutated ctDNA. Hence, methylated ctDNA serves as a potential biomarker for CRC that is worth investigating. In this review, we explore what has been reported about methylated ctDNA as a biomarker for CRC diagnosis that can distinguish between CRC patients or those having adenoma and healthy controls as validated specifically through ROC curves. We also examine methylated ctDNA as a biomarker for CRC prognosis and prediction as confirmed through robust statistical analyses. Finally, we discuss the major technical challenges that limits the use of methylated ctDNA for clinical application and suggest possible recommendations to enhance its usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah J Nassar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa S Msheik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab R Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Sally N Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
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11
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Romeo MV, López-Martínez E, Berganza-Granda J, Goñi-de-Cerio F, Cortajarena AL. Biomarker sensing platforms based on fluorescent metal nanoclusters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1331-1341. [PMID: 36132872 PMCID: PMC9419537 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00796j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) and their unique properties are increasing in importance and their applications are covering a wide range of areas. Their remarkable fluorescence properties and easy synthesis procedure and the possibility of functionalizing them for the detection of specific targets, such as biomarkers, make them a very interesting biosensing tool. Nowadays the detection of biomarkers related to different diseases is critical. In this context, NCs scaffolded within an appropriate molecule can be used to detect and quantify biomarkers through specific interactions and fluorescence properties of the NCs. These methods include analytical detection and biolocalization using imaging techniques. This review covers a selection of recent strategies to detect biomarkers related to diverse diseases (from infectious, inflammatory, or tumour origin) using fluorescent nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Romeo
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Technological Park of Bizkaia, Building 202 E-48170 Zamudio Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramon 182 20014 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
| | - Elena López-Martínez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramon 182 20014 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
| | - Jesús Berganza-Granda
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Technological Park of Bizkaia, Building 202 E-48170 Zamudio Spain
| | - Felipe Goñi-de-Cerio
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Technological Park of Bizkaia, Building 202 E-48170 Zamudio Spain
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramon 182 20014 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Plaza Euskadi 5 48009 Bilbao Spain
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12
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Wen SWC, Andersen RF, Hansen TF, Nyhus CH, Hager H, Hilberg O, Jakobsen A. The prognostic impact of circulating homeobox A9 methylated DNA in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:855-865. [PMID: 33718027 PMCID: PMC7947403 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The homeobox A9 gene encodes a transcription factor, and aberrantly methylated homeobox A9 in the circulation has been suggested as a prognostic marker in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic impact of methylated homeobox A9 in plasma from patients with advanced NSCLC. METHODS Blood samples were prospectively collected from patients with NSCLC stage III and IV receiving standard first line chemotherapy. Sampling took place before treatment initiation and subsequently before each treatment cycle. Plasma was stored at -80 °C until analysis. DNA was extracted, and following bisulfite conversion methylated homeobox A9 was analyzed by methylation specific droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Detection of methylated homeobox A9 was assessed as a binary variable. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 231 patients were included. At baseline methylated homeobox A9 was detected in 78.5% of the patients with a clear correlation to survival. The median OS for patients with and without detectable methylated homeobox A9 was 7.4 and 11.1 months, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35-2.38, P<0.001]. The difference increased after the first cycle of treatment. At this time point the median OS was 6.2 and 15.6 months for patients with and without detectable methylated homeobox A9, respectively (HR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.58-2.73, P<0.001). The independent prognostic impact of detectable methylated homeobox A9 after one treatment cycle assessed by multiple Cox regression including known prognostic factors resulted in a HR of 3.79 (2.19-6.54, P<0.001) compared to undetectable methylated homeobox A9. CONCLUSIONS Measurable methylated homeobox A9 after the first treatment cycle may serve as a valuable prognostic marker in patients with advanced NSCLC. Routine clinical application with treatment reconsideration calls for further studies, preferably in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Witting Christensen Wen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke Fredslund Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Torben Frøstrup Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Christa Haugaard Nyhus
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hager
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;,Department of Pathology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;,Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Anders Jakobsen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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13
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Khomiak A, Brunner M, Kordes M, Lindblad S, Miksch RC, Öhlund D, Regel I. Recent Discoveries of Diagnostic, Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers for Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3234. [PMID: 33147766 PMCID: PMC7692691 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a dismal prognosis that is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Although less common than other malignant diseases, it currently ranks as the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the European Union with a five-year survival rate of below 9%. Surgical resection, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, remains the only potentially curative treatment but only a minority of patients is diagnosed with locally resectable, non-metastatic disease. Patients with advanced disease are treated with chemotherapy but high rates of treatment resistance and unfavorable side-effect profiles of some of the used regimens remain major challenges. Biomarkers reflect pathophysiological or physiological processes linked to a disease and can be used as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tools. Thus, accurate biomarkers can allow for better patient stratification and guide therapy choices. Currently, the only broadly used biomarker for PDAC, CA 19-9, has multiple limitations and the need for novel biomarkers is urgent. In this review, we highlight the current situation, recent discoveries and developments in the field of biomarkers of PDAC and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Khomiak
- Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Transplantology, 03058 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Marius Brunner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Maximilian Kordes
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina Lindblad
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Sweden and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Rainer Christoph Miksch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Daniel Öhlund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Sweden and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Ivonne Regel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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14
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Value of Serum NEUROG1 Methylation for the Detection of Advanced Adenomas and Colorectal Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10070437. [PMID: 32605302 PMCID: PMC7399835 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation detected in liquid biopsies is a promising approach for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection, including premalignant advanced adenomas (AA). We evaluated the diagnostic capability of serum NEUROG1 methylation for the detection of AA and CRC. A CpG island in NEUROG1 promoter was assessed by bisulfite pyrosequencing in a case-control cohort to select optimal CpGs. Selected sites were evaluated through a nested methylation-specific qPCR custom assay in a screening cohort of 504 asymptomatic family-risk individuals. Individuals with no colorectal findings and benign pathologies showed low serum NEUROG1 methylation, similar to non-advanced adenomas. Contrarily, individuals bearing AA or CRC (advanced neoplasia—AN), exhibited increased NEUROG1 methylation. Using >1.3518% as NEUROG1 cut-off (90.60% specificity), 33.33% of AN and 32.08% of AA were identified, detecting 50% CRC cases. Nonetheless, the combination of NEUROG1 with fecal immunochemical test (FIT), together with age and gender through a multivariate logistic regression resulted in an AUC = 0.810 for AN, and 0.796 for AA, detecting all cancer cases and 35–47% AA (specificity 98–95%). The combination of NEUROG1 methylation with FIT, age and gender demonstrated a convenient performance for the detection of CRC and AA, providing a valuable tool for CRC screening programs in asymptomatic individuals.
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15
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Jung G, Hernández-Illán E, Moreira L, Balaguer F, Goel A. Epigenetics of colorectal cancer: biomarker and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:111-130. [PMID: 31900466 PMCID: PMC7228650 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, evolves as a result of the stepwise accumulation of a series of genetic and epigenetic alterations in the normal colonic epithelium, leading to the development of colorectal adenomas and invasive adenocarcinomas. Although genetic alterations have a major role in a subset of CRCs, the pathophysiological contribution of epigenetic aberrations in this malignancy has attracted considerable attention. Data from the past couple of decades has unequivocally illustrated that epigenetic marks are important molecular hallmarks of cancer, as they occur very early in disease pathogenesis, involve virtually all key cancer-associated pathways and, most importantly, can be exploited as clinically relevant disease biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostication and prediction of treatment response. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge on the best-studied epigenetic modifications in CRC, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as the role of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic regulators. We focus on the emerging potential for the bench-to-bedside translation of some of these epigenetic alterations into clinical practice and discuss the burgeoning evidence supporting the potential of emerging epigenetic therapies in CRC as we usher in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Jung
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Hernández-Illán
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.,;
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA.,;
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16
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Circulating Tumour Cells, Circulating Tumour DNA and Circulating Tumour miRNA in Blood Assays in the Different Steps of Colorectal Cancer Management, a Review of the Evidence in 2019. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5953036. [PMID: 31930130 PMCID: PMC6942724 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5953036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite many advances in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), its incidence and mortality rates continue to make an impact worldwide and in some countries rates are mounting. Over the past decade, liquid biopsies have been the object of fundamental and clinical research with regard to the different steps of CRC patient care such as screening, diagnosis, prognosis, follow-up, and therapeutic response. They are attractive because they are considered to encompass both the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of tumours. They are easily accessible and can be applied to large-scale settings despite the cost. However, liquid biopsies face drawbacks in detection regardless of whether we are testing for circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), or miRNA. This review highlights the different advantages and disadvantages of each type of blood-based biopsy and underlines which specific one may be the most useful and informative for each step of CRC patient care.
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17
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Helicase-like transcription factor (Hltf) gene-deletion promotes oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in colorectal tumors of AOM/DSS-treated mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221751. [PMID: 31461471 PMCID: PMC6713344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) gene-a tumor suppressor in human colorectal cancer (CRC)-is regulated by alternative splicing and promoter hypermethylation. In this study, we used the AOM/DSS-induced mouse model to show Hltf-deletion caused poor survival concomitant with increased tumor multiplicity, and dramatically shifted the topographic distribution of lesions into the rectum. Differential isoform expression analysis revealed both the truncated isoform that lacks a DNA-repair domain and the full length isoform capable of DNA damage repair are present during adenocarcinoma formation in controls. iPathwayGuide identified 51 dynamically regulated genes of 10,967 total genes with measured expression. Oxidative Phosphorylation (Kegg: 00190), the top biological pathway perturbed by Hltf-deletion, resulted from increased transcription of Atp5e, Cox7c, Uqcr11, Ndufa4 and Ndufb6 genes, concomitant with increased endogenous levels of ATP (p = 0.0062). Upregulation of gene expression, as validated with qRT-PCR, accompanied a stable mtDNA/nDNA ratio. This is the first study to show Hltf-deletion in an inflammation-associated CRC model elevates mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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18
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Bach S, Sluiter NR, Beagan JJ, Mekke JM, Ket JCF, van Grieken NCT, Steenbergen RDM, Ylstra B, Kazemier G, Tuynman JB. Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis: Clinical Implications for Colorectal Cancer Patients. A Systematic Review. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3:pkz042. [PMID: 32328554 PMCID: PMC7050033 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liquid biopsies could improve diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring of colorectal cancer (CRC). Mutation, chromosomal copy number alteration, and methylation analysis in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from plasma or serum has gained great interest. However, the literature is inconsistent on preferred candidate markers, hampering a clear direction for further studies and clinical translation. This review assessed the potential of ctDNA analysis for clinical utility. Methods A systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines was conducted up to December 3, 2018, followed by methodological quality assessment. Primary endpoints were accuracy for detection, prognostication, and monitoring. Results Eighty-four studies were included. For CRC detection, sensitivity was 75% using ctDNA mutation analysis and up to 96% using copy number analysis. Septin 9 (SEPT9) hypermethylation analysis showed sensitivities of 100% and specificities of 97%. Regarding prognostication, ctDNA KRAS mutations were associated with oncological outcome and could predict response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy. For monitoring, sequential ctDNA KRAS mutation analysis showed promise for detection of relapses or therapy resistance. Conclusions This comprehensive overview of ctDNA candidate markers demonstrates SEPT9 methylation analysis to be promising for CRC detection, and KRAS mutation analysis could assist in prognostication and monitoring. Prospective evaluation of marker panels in clinical decision making should bring ctDNA analysis into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bach
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nina R Sluiter
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jamie J Beagan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost M Mekke
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes C F Ket
- Medical Information Specialist/Literature Researcher Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole C T van Grieken
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renske D M Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Kazemier
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan B Tuynman
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Circulating biomarkers for early detection and clinical management of colorectal cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:107-122. [PMID: 31189073 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New non-invasive approaches that can complement and improve on current strategies for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and management are urgently needed. A growing number of publications have documented that components of tumors, which are shed into the circulation, can be detected in the form of liquid biopsies and can be used to detect CRC at early stages, to predict response to certain therapies and to detect CRC recurrence in a minimally invasive way. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), tumor-derived cells (CTC, circulating tumor cells) or circulating microRNA (miRNA) in blood and other body fluids, have a great potential to improve different aspects of CRC management. The challenge now is to find which types of components, biofluids and detection methods would be the most suitable to be applied in the different steps of CRC detection and treatment. This chapter will provide an up to date review on ctDNA, CTCs and circulating miRNAs as new biomarkers for CRC, either for clinical management or early detection, highlighting their advantages and limitations.
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20
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Cell-Free DNA as a Diagnostic Blood-Based Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. J Surg Res 2019; 236:184-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Pasha HF, Mohamed RH, Radwan MI. RASSF1A and SOCS1 genes methylation status as a noninvasive marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:241-247. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba F. Pasha
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Randa H. Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Radwan
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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22
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Saluja H, Karapetis CS, Pedersen SK, Young GP, Symonds EL. The Use of Circulating Tumor DNA for Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Oncol 2018; 8:275. [PMID: 30087854 PMCID: PMC6066577 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers, including oesophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers (CRC) have high rates of disease recurrence despite curative resection. There are a number of recent studies that have investigated the use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for prognostic value in these cancers. We reviewed studies that had been published prior to March 2018 that assessed the prognostic values of ctDNA in patients with oesophageal and gastric cancers, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and CRC. We identified 63 eligible clinical studies that focussed on recurrence and survival. Studies assessed investigated various ctDNA biomarkers in patients with different stages of cancer undergoing surgical resection, chemotherapy and no treatment. For oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, methylation of certain genes such as APC and DAPK have been highlighted as promising biomarkers for prognostication, but these studies are limited and more comprehensive research is needed. Studies focusing on gastric cancer patients showed that methylation of ctDNA in SOX17 and APC were independently associated with poor survival. Two studies demonstrated an association between ctDNA and recurrence and survival in GIST patients, but more studies are needed for this type of gastrointestinal cancer. A large proportion of the literature was on CRC which identified both somatic mutations and DNA methylation biomarkers to determine prognosis. ctDNA biomarkers that identified somatic mutations were more effective if they were personalized based on mutations found in the primary tumor tissue, but ctDNA methylation studies identified various biomarkers that predicted increased risk of recurrence, poor disease free survival and overall survival. While the use of non-invasive ctDNA biomarkers for prognosis is promising, larger studies are needed to validate the clinical utility for optimizing treatment and surveillance strategies to reduce mortality from gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariti Saluja
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Christos S Karapetis
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.,Department of Oncology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | | | - Graeme P Young
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Erin L Symonds
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.,Bowel Health Service, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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23
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Kottorou AE, Antonacopoulou AG, Dimitrakopoulos FID, Diamantopoulou G, Sirinian C, Kalofonou M, Theodorakopoulos T, Oikonomou C, Katsakoulis EC, Koutras A, Makatsoris T, Demopoulos N, Stephanou G, Stavropoulos M, Thomopoulos KC, Kalofonos HP. Deregulation of methylation of transcribed-ultra conserved regions in colorectal cancer and their value for detection of adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21411-21428. [PMID: 29765549 PMCID: PMC5940382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of Transcribed Ultraconserved Regions (T-UCRs) is often deregulated in cancer. The present study assesses the expression and methylation of three T-UCRs (Uc160, Uc283 and Uc346) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and explores the potential of T-UCR methylation in circulating DNA for the detection of adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Expression levels of Uc160, Uc283 and Uc346 were lower in neoplastic tissues from 64 CRC patients (statistically significant for Uc160, p<0.001), compared to non-malignant tissues, while methylation levels displayed the inverse pattern (p<0.001, p=0.001 and p=0.004 respectively). In colon cancer cell lines, overexpression of Uc160 and Uc346 led to increased proliferation and migration rates. Methylation levels of Uc160 in plasma of 50 CRC, 59 adenoma patients, 40 healthy subjects and 12 patients with colon inflammation or diverticulosis predicted the presence of CRC with 35% sensitivity and 89% specificity (p=0.016), while methylation levels of the combination of all three T-UCRs resulted in 45% sensitivity and 74.3% specificity (p=0.013). In conclusion, studied T-UCRs’ expression and methylation status are deregulated in CRC while Uc160 and Uc346 appear to have a complicated role in CRC progression. Moreover their methylation status appears a promising non-invasive screening test for CRC, provided that the sensitivity of the assay is improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia E Kottorou
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anna G Antonacopoulou
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Foteinos-Ioannis D Dimitrakopoulos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Chaido Sirinian
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Kalofonou
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chrysa Oikonomou
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Angelos Koutras
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Makatsoris
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos Demopoulos
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgia Stephanou
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Leijte GP, Custers H, Gerretsen J, Heijne A, Roth J, Vogl T, Scheffer GJ, Pickkers P, Kox M. Increased Plasma Levels of Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns Are Associated With Immune Suppression and Postoperative Infections in Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:663. [PMID: 29675023 PMCID: PMC5895648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) can elicit immune responses and may subsequently induce an immune-suppressed state. Previous work showed that increased plasma levels of DAMPs are associated with immune suppression and increased susceptibility toward infections in trauma patients. Like trauma, major surgical procedures, such as cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), are also thought to cause profound DAMP release. Furthermore, the incidence of postoperative infections in these patients, ranging from 10 to 36%, is very high compared to that observed in patients undergoing other major surgical procedures. We hypothesized that the double hit of surgical trauma (CRS) in combination with HIPEC causes excessive DAMP release, which in turn contributes to the development of immune suppression. To investigate this, we assessed DAMP release in patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC, and investigated its relationship with immune suppression and postoperative infections. Methods In 20 patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC, blood was obtained at five time points: just before surgery (baseline), after CRS, after HIPEC, at ICU admission, and 1 day after surgery. Circulating levels of DAMPs [heat shock protein (HSP)70, high mobility group box (HMGB)1, S100A12, S100A8/S100A9, nuclear (n)DNA, mitochondrial (mt)DNA, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker of unscheduled cell death], and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, and MCP-1] were measured. The extent of immune suppression was determined by measuring HLA-DR gene expression and ex vivo leukocytic cytokine production capacity. Results Plasma levels of DAMPs (maximum fold increases of HSP70: 2.1 [1.5–2.8], HMGB1: 5.9 [3.2–9.8], S100A8/S100A9: 3.6 [1.8–5.6], S100A12: 2.6 [1.8–4.3], nDNA 3.9 [1.0–10.8], LDH 1.7 [1.2–2.5]), and all measured cytokines increased profoundly following CRS-HIPEC. Evidence of immune suppression was already apparent during the procedure, illustrated by a decrease of HLA-DR expression compared with baseline (0.5-fold [0.3–0.9]) and diminished ex vivo pro-inflammatory cytokine production capacity. The increase in HMGB1 levels correlated with the decrease in HLA-DR expression (r = −0.46, p = 0.04), and peak HMGB1 concentrations were significantly higher in the five patients who went on to develop a postoperative infection (p = 0.04). Conclusion CRS-HIPEC is associated with profound DAMP release and immune suppression, and plasma HMGB1 levels are related with the occurrence of postoperative infections in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus P Leijte
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hettie Custers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jelle Gerretsen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Amon Heijne
- Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gert J Scheffer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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25
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Prognostic DNA methylation markers for sporadic colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:35. [PMID: 29564023 PMCID: PMC5851322 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers that can predict the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and that can stratify high-risk early stage patients from low-risk early stage patients are urgently needed for better management of CRC. During the last decades, a large variety of prognostic DNA methylation markers has been published in the literature. However, to date, none of these markers are used in clinical practice. Methods To obtain an overview of the number of published prognostic methylation markers for CRC, the number of markers that was validated independently, and the current level of evidence (LoE), we conducted a systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. In addition, we scored studies based on the REMARK guidelines that were established in order to attain more transparency and complete reporting of prognostic biomarker studies. Eighty-three studies reporting on 123 methylation markers fulfilled the study entry criteria and were scored according to REMARK. Results Sixty-three studies investigated single methylation markers, whereas 20 studies reported combinations of methylation markers. We observed substantial variation regarding the reporting of sample sizes and patient characteristics, statistical analyses, and methodology. The median (range) REMARK score for the studies was 10.7 points (4.5 to 17.5) out of a maximum of 20 possible points. The median REMARK score was lower in studies, which reported a p value below 0.05 versus those, which did not (p = 0.005). A borderline statistically significant association was observed between the reported p value of the survival analysis and the size of the study population (p = 0.051). Only 23 out of 123 markers (17%) were investigated in two or more study series. For 12 markers, and two multimarker panels, consistent results were reported in two or more study series. For four markers, the current LoE is level II, for all other markers, the LoE is lower. Conclusion This systematic review reflects that adequate reporting according to REMARK and validation of prognostic methylation markers is absent in the majority of CRC methylation marker studies. However, this systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of published prognostic methylation markers for CRC and highlights the most promising markers that have been published in the last two decades. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0461-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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26
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Cao B, Zhou X, Yang W, Ma J, Zhou W, Fan D, Hong L. The role of cell-free DNA in predicting colorectal cancer prognosis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:39-48. [PMID: 28838275 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1372191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a cancer of the digestive system with poor prognosis. Cell-free DNA has received much attention with its unique predominance, especially in colorectal cancer. Areas covered: This study has summarized recent advancements and challenges regarding cell-free DNA in predicting CRC prognosis. Furthermore, the authors make predictions on the potential developments concerning cell-free DNA in future prognosis prediction techniques. Expert commentary: Cell-free DNA has the value of predicting CRC prognosis as an important biomarke. Further clinical trials should be performed to promote translating cell-free DNA into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- a The First Brigade of Student , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xin Zhou
- a The First Brigade of Student , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wanli Yang
- b State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- b State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- b State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Daiming Fan
- b State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Liu Hong
- b State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
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27
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El Bairi K, Tariq K, Himri I, Jaafari A, Smaili W, Kandhro AH, Gouri A, Ghazi B. Decoding colorectal cancer epigenomics. Cancer Genet 2018; 220:49-76. [PMID: 29310839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is very heterogeneous and presents different types of epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs. These changes are considered as characteristics of various observed clinical phenotypes. Undoubtedly, the discovery of epigenetic pathways with novel epigenetic-related mechanisms constitutes a promising advance in cancer biomarker discovery. In this review, we provide an evidence-based discussing of the current understanding of CRC epigenomics and its role in initiation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. We also discuss the recent findings regarding the potential clinical perspectives of these alterations as potent biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in the era of liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Independent Research Team in Cancer Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Mohamed 1(st) University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Kanwal Tariq
- B-10 Jumani Center, Garden East, Karachi 74400, Pakistan
| | - Imane Himri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed I(st) Universiy, Oujda, Morocco; Delegation of the Ministry of Health, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Jaafari
- Laboratoire de Génie Biologique, Equipe d'Immunopharmacologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Maroc
| | - Wiam Smaili
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc; Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdul Hafeez Kandhro
- Department of Biochemistry, Healthcare Molecular and Diagnostic Laboratory, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Adel Gouri
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Bouchra Ghazi
- National Laboratory of Reference, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
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Chen E, Zheng F, Yuan X, Ye Y, Li X, Dai Y, Chen L. The effect of TMEFF2 methylation on the tumor stage and survival outcome of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2017; 19:207-212. [PMID: 28128743 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-161656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enjing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxu Yuan
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529030, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yunlin Ye
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yuping Dai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lingwu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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Herbst A, Vdovin N, Gacesa S, Ofner A, Philipp A, Nagel D, Holdt LM, Op den Winkel M, Heinemann V, Stieber P, Graeven U, Reinacher-Schick A, Arnold D, Ricard I, Mansmann U, Hegewisch-Becker S, Kolligs FT. Methylated free-circulating HPP1 DNA is an early response marker in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2134-2144. [PMID: 28124380 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of methylated free-circulating DNA (mfcDNA) for hyperplastic polyposis 1 (HPP1) in blood is correlated with a poor prognosis for patients with metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC). Here, we analyzed the plasma levels of HPP1 mfcDNA in mCRC patients treated with a combination therapy containing a fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab to test whether HPP1 mfcDNA is a suitable prognostic and response biomarker. From 467 patients of the prospective clinical study AIO-KRK-0207, mfcDNA was isolated from plasma samples at different time points and bisulfite-treated mfcDNA was quantified using methylation specific PCR. About 337 of 467 patients had detectable levels for HPP1 mfcDNA before start of treatment. The detection was significantly correlated with poorer overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.86; 95%CI 1.37-2.53). About 2-3 weeks after the first administration of combination chemotherapy, HPP1 mfcDNA was reduced to non-detectable levels in 167 of 337 patients. These patients showed a better OS compared with patients with continued detection of HPP1 mfcDNA (HR HPP1(sample 1: pos/ sample 2: neg) vs. HPP1(neg/neg) = 1.41; 95%CI 1.00-2.01, HPP1(neg,pos/pos) vs. HPP1(neg/neg) = 2.60; 95%CI 1.86-3.64). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that HPP1 mfcDNA discriminates well between patients who do (not) respond to therapy according to the radiological staging after 12 or 24 weeks (AUC = 0.77 or 0.71, respectively). Detection of HPP1 mfcDNA can be used as a prognostic marker and an early marker for response (as early as 3-4 weeks after start of treatment compared with radiological staging after 12 or 24 weeks) to identify patients who will likely benefit from a combination chemotherapy with bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herbst
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolay Vdovin
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sanja Gacesa
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ofner
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Dorothea Nagel
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medicine III and The Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Stieber
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ullrich Graeven
- Medizinische Klinik I, Kliniken Maria-Hilf GmbH, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Anke Reinacher-Schick
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Arnold
- Instituto CUF de Oncologia (I.C.O.), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ingrid Ricard
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mansmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank T Kolligs
- Department of Medicine II, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Effectiveness and safety of aflibercept for metastatic colorectal cancer: retrospective review within an early access program in Spain. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 19:498-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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da Silva EFG, Krause GC, Lima KG, Haute GV, Pedrazza L, Mesquita FC, Basso BS, Velasquez AC, Nunes FB, de Oliveira JR. Rapamycin and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate reduce the HEPG2 cell proliferation via increase of free radicals and apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2647-2652. [PMID: 27665945 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most prevalent type of tumor among primary tumors affecting the liver. Rapamycin is currently used as a basis for chemotherapy in the treatment of cancers, including the liver. Because it shows several adverse effects, minimizing these effects without compromising efficacy is important. In this sense other drugs may be used concomitantly. One of these drugs is fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), which has shown therapeutic effect in various pathological situations, having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proprieties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activity of rapamycin in combination with the FBP in HepG2 cell proliferation and the mechanisms involved. HepG2 cells were analyzed after 72 h of treatment with both drugs. Cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, cytokines, apoptosis, senescence, autophagy and oxidative stress were accessed. Ιt was demonstrated that the combination is more efficient than the single use of substances, because subtherapeutic doses of rapamycin, when associated to FBP become effective, reducing cell proliferation, through a significant increase in the production of tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), suggesting that this might be the cause of death by apoptosis. According to these results, we believe that the association of both drugs may be a promising choice for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Feller Gonçalves da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Catyana Krause
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Goulart Lima
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Viegas Haute
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pedrazza
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Mesquita
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Souza Basso
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Catarina Velasquez
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bordignon Nunes
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
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Hong X, Xu Q, Yang Z, Wang M, Yang F, Gao Y, Zhou F, Wang L, Liu B, Chen G. The value of prognostic factors in Chinese patients with small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study of 999 patients. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2016; 12:433-447. [PMID: 27460525 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the prognostic factors for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in Chinese patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective study was to improve our understanding of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) prognostic factors in Chinese patients with SCLC. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 999 SCLC cases was performed. Patient characteristics, treatments, and laboratory data, including platelet counts and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum sodium levels, were collected. Potential prognostic factors for OS and PFS were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The median OS and PFS were 10.6 and 7.0 months, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify stage, serum LDH, and several therapy-relevant factors, including the initial chemotherapy regimen, number of initial chemotherapy cycles, and combination therapy, as independent prognostic factors for OS. Furthermore, female sex, normal LDH levels, a response to therapy, receiving six cycles of initial chemotherapy, and receiving chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and/or surgery were favorable prognostic factors for PFS. In addition, patients with hyponatremia had a worse OS; therefore, hyponatremia could not influence survival when a good response to therapy was achieved, and it failed to predict PFS. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that several factors, including patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics and serum LDH levels are independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS in Chinese patients with SCLC. The identification of such factors will help physicians compare different populations and to interpret the contribution of treatment to differences in survival among groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yina Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengrui Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongyan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Basnet S, Zhang ZY, Liao WQ, Li SH, Li PS, Ge HY. The Prognostic Value of Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2016; 7:1105-13. [PMID: 27326254 PMCID: PMC4911878 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising candidate biomarker for detection, monitoring and survival prediction of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its prognostic significance for patients with CRC remains controversial. To derive a precise estimation of the prognostic significance of cfDNA, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS We made a systematic search in data base of the Science Citation Index Embase and Pubmed for studies reporting prognostic data of cfDNA in CRC patients. The data of cfDNA on recurrences-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were extracted and measured in hazard rates (HRs) and 95% confident intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were carried out as well. Finally, the meta-analysis is accompanied with nine studies including 19 subunits. RESULTS The pooled HRs with 95% CIs revealed strong associations between cfDNA and RFS (HR [95%CI]=2.78[2.08-3.72], I(2)=32.23%, n=7) along with OS (HR [95%CI]=3.03[2.51-3.66], I(2)=29.24%, n=12) in patients with CRC. Entire subgroup analyses indicated strong prognostic value of cfDNA irrespective tumor stage, study size, tumor markers, detection methods and marker origin. CONCLUSIONS All the results exhibits that appearance of cfDNA in blood is an indicator for adverse RFS and OS in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Basnet
- 1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-yu Zhang
- 1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-qiang Liao
- 1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-heng Li
- 1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-shu Li
- 2. Department of Research Administration, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-yan Ge
- 1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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35
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Hashimoto Y, Zumwalt TJ, Goel A. DNA methylation patterns as noninvasive biomarkers and targets of epigenetic therapies in colorectal cancer. Epigenomics 2016; 8:685-703. [PMID: 27102979 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2015-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is frequently detected in gastrointestinal tumors, and can therefore potentially be used to screen, diagnose, prognosticate, and predict colorectal cancers (CRCs). Although colonoscopic screening remains the gold standard for CRC screening, this procedure is invasive, expensive, and suffers from poor patient compliance. Methylated DNA is an attractive choice for a biomarker substrate because CRCs harbor hundreds of aberrantly methylated genes. Furthermore, abundance in extracellular environments and resistance to degradation and enrichment in serum, stool, and other noninvasive bodily fluids, allows quantitative measurements of methylated DNA biomarkers. This article describes the most important studies that investigated the efficacy of serum- or stool-derived methylated DNA as population-based screening biomarkers in CRC, details several mechanisms and factors that control DNA methylation, describes a better use of prevailing technologies that discover novel DNA methylation biomarkers, and illustrates the diversity of demethylating agents and their applicability toward clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hashimoto
- Center for Translational Genomics & Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute & Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J Zumwalt
- Center for Translational Genomics & Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute & Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Translational Genomics & Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute & Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Li G, Wang Z, Xu J, Wu H, Cai S, He Y. The prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase levels in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:249. [PMID: 27016045 PMCID: PMC4807548 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase levels in the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients has been assessed for years, although the results remain controversial and heterogeneous. Thus, we comprehensively reviewed the evidence from studies that evaluated lactate dehydrogenase levels in colorectal cancer patients to determine their effect. METHODS The following databases were searched in September 2014 to identify studies that evaluated the prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase levels in colorectal cancer: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We extracted hazard ratios (HRs) and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the identified studies, and performed random-effects model meta-analyses on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Thirty-two studies with a cumulative sample size of 8,261 patients were included in our analysis. RESULTS Our meta-analyses revealed that high levels of lactate dehydrogenase were associated with poor OS (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.52-2.02) in colorectal cancer patients. However, this effect was not obvious in the OS of non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.79-1.86). The prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase levels on PFS was also not confirmed (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.98-1.87). Subgroup analyses revealed that the prognostic significance of lactate dehydrogenase was independent of study location, patient age, number of patients, metastasis, chemotherapy with anti-angiogenesis drugs, study type, or risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that high lactate dehydrogenase levels are associated with poor OS among colorectal cancer patients, although these levels are not significant predictors of PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
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Hong X, Cui B, Wang M, Yang Z, Wang L, Xu Q. Systemic Immune-inflammation Index, Based on Platelet Counts and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Is Useful for Predicting Prognosis in Small Cell Lung Cancer. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 236:297-304. [PMID: 26250537 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.236.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease characterized by rapid growth and metastases. It has been recognized that the inflammation of the microenvironment plays a critical role in the development of malignancies. However, little is known about the role of multiple inflammatory and hematological markers in the prognosis of SCLC. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of pre-treatment inflammation-based scores and characteristics as prognostic indicators for the survival of SCLC patients. A retrospective analysis of 919 SCLC cases was performed. Patients' characteristics and hematologic tests data at initial diagnosis were collected. The univariate analysis of all SCLC patients indicated that favorable prognostic factors were age ˂ 70 years, non-smokers, good performance status, limited disease and response to treatment. Moreover, univariate analysis of inflammation-based scores and other blood parameters showed that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 5, platelet-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 250, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) ≥ 1,600 × 10(9)/L, prognostic nutritional index (albumin + 5 × lymphocyte) < 45, and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) predicted poor prognosis in SCLC patients. SII represents the score that is calculated as follows: platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count. In the multivariate analysis, SII, together with serum LDH, stage and response to therapy, were associated with overall survival (OS). This study demonstrated that the combination of platelet count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio could help to predict poor prognosis in SCLC. Our findings will facilitate the understanding of survival differences in SCLC patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
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Mangano A, Mangano A, Lianos GD, Cassinotti E, Roukos DH, Dionigi G, Boni L. Circulating free DNA in plasma or serum as biomarkers of carcinogenesis in colon cancer. Future Oncol 2016; 11:1455-8. [PMID: 25963422 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mangano
- 1st Department of General Surgery, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi Varese, Department of Surgical & Morphological Sciences, Insubria University Varese-Como, Italy
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Beeharry MK, Liu WT, Yan M, Zhu ZG. New blood markers detection technology: A leap in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1202-1212. [PMID: 26811658 PMCID: PMC4716031 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is still one of the malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality in the world, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 30%. GC is often either asymptomatic or causes only nonspecific symptoms in its early stages, whereas when the symptoms manifest, the cancer has usually reached an advanced stage, which is one of the main causes of its relatively poor prognosis. Hence, the main focus of GC research has been on discovering new tools and technology to predict, screen and diagnose GC at an early stage which would prompt early treatment. With the tremendous advances in the OMICS technology, serum proteomics has been in the limelight of cancer research over the last few decades and has steered the development of several methods helping to understand the mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis, resulting in the identification of a large number of molecular targets such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell free DNA (cfDNA) and cell tumor DNA (ctDNA) and their sub-molecular components such as miRNA, that show great promise as GC biomarkers. In this review, we are underlying the recent breakthroughs about new blood markers technology for GC while scrutinizing the potential clinical use of CTCs, cfDNA, ctDNA and the role of the methylation of their sub-molecular components in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of GC.
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Dhont L, Mascaux C, Belayew A. The helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) in cancer: loss of function or oncomorphic conversion of a tumor suppressor? Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:129-47. [PMID: 26472339 PMCID: PMC11108516 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Helicase-like Transcription Factor (HLTF) belongs to the SWI/SNF family of proteins involved in chromatin remodeling. In addition to its role in gene transcription, HLTF has been implicated in DNA repair, which suggests that this protein acts as a tumor suppressor. Accumulating evidence indicates that HLTF expression is altered in various cancers via two mechanisms: gene silencing through promoter hypermethylation or alternative mRNA splicing, which leads to the expression of truncated proteins that lack DNA repair domains. In either case, the alteration of HLTF expression in cancer has a poor prognosis. In this review, we gathered published clinical and molecular data on HLTF. Our purposes are (a) to address whether HLTF alterations could be considered as cancer drivers or passengers and (b) to determine whether its different functions (transcription or DNA repair) could be diverted in clonal selection during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Dhont
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Mons, Avenue du Champ de Mars 6, Pentagone 3A, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, 14th floor, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Céline Mascaux
- Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, 14th floor, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2L9 Canada
| | - Alexandra Belayew
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Mons, Avenue du Champ de Mars 6, Pentagone 3A, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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Aarthy R, Mani S, Velusami S, Sundarsingh S, Rajkumar T. Role of Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Cancers. Mol Diagn Ther 2015; 19:339-50. [PMID: 26400814 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-015-0167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a term used to describe non-invasive tests, which provide information about disease conditions through analysis of circulating cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood samples. In patients with cancer, the concentration of cell-free DNA increases, and structural, sequence, and epigenetic changes to DNA can be observed through the disease process and during therapy. Furthermore, cell-free DNA released by the tumor contains the same variants as those in the tumor cells. Therefore, cell-free DNA allows non-invasive assessment of cancer in real time. This review summarizes the origin of cell-free DNA, recent advancements in the detection of cell-free DNA, a possible role in metastasis, and its importance as a non-invasive diagnostic assay for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Aarthy
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Samson Mani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Sridevi Velusami
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | | | - Thangarajan Rajkumar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, 600036, India.
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Ocaña A, Díez-González L, García-Olmo DC, Templeton AJ, Vera-Badillo F, José Escribano M, Serrano-Heras G, Corrales-Sánchez V, Seruga B, Andrés-Pretel F, Pandiella A, Amir E. Circulating DNA and Survival in Solid Tumors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 25:399-406. [PMID: 26604269 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to undertake molecular analysis to inform on prognosis and predictors of response to therapy is limited by accessibility of tissue. Measurement of total circulating free DNA (cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in peripheral blood may allow easier access to tumor material and help to predict clinical outcomes. METHODS A systematic review of electronic databases identified publications exploring the association between cfDNA or ctDNA and overall survival (OS) in solid tumors. HRs for OS were extracted from multivariable analyses and included in a meta-analysis. Pooled HRs were computed and weighted using generic inverse variance and random-effect modeling. For studies not reporting multivariable analyses, univariable ORs were estimated from Kaplan-Meier curves for OS at 1 and 3 years. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies comprising 4,052 patients were included in the analysis. Detection of ctDNA was associated with a significantly worse OS in multivariable analyses [HR, 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.02-3.61; P < 0.001). Similar results were observed in the univariable analyses at 3 and 1 year (OR, 4.83; 95% CI, 3.20-7.28; P < 0.001).There was also a statistically significant association between high total cfDNA and worse OS for studies reporting multivariable and univariate data at 3 years (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.59-2.29; P < 0.001 and OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.93-4.13; P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS High levels of total cfDNA and presence of ctDNA are associated with worse survival in solid tumors. IMPACT Circulating DNA is associated with worse outcome in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ocaña
- Translational Oncology Unit, Albacete University Hospital, Albacete, Spain.
| | | | | | - Arnoud J Templeton
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Vera-Badillo
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Bostjan Seruga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Eitan Amir
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Dong X, He H, Zhang W, Yu D, Wang X, Chen Y. Combination of serum RASSF1A methylation and AFP is a promising non-invasive biomarker for HCC patient with chronic HBV infection. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:133. [PMID: 26238200 PMCID: PMC4545862 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypermethylation of the promoter region of the RAS association domain family 1A gene (RASSF1A) occurs widely in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. While the diagnostic performance of the use of RASSF1A methylation as a serum or plasma marker in patients with HCC has varied largely in the literature,we confirmed the clinical application value of serum RASSF1A methylation for HBV related HCC in this study. Methods A total of 584 participants were recruited into this study, including 190 patients with HCC, 114 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), 120 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 160 healthy individuals. Serum RASSF1A methylation was determined by the MethyLight method. In addition, we followed up 43 HCC patients who were unable to undergo surgery for 24 months. Results Serum RASSF1A methylation occurred significantly more frequently in patients with HCC (122/190, 64.2 %) than in patients with LC (20/114, 17.5 %), patients with CHB (6/120, 5.0 %) and in healthy individuals (0/160, 0) (P < 0.001); moreover, it allowed for the discrimination of patients with HCC from those with CHB with an areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of 0.796 (64.2 % sensitivity and 89.8 % specificity). Furthermore, the AUC for the combination of serum RASSF1A methylation and AFP level (≥20 ng/L) was 0.876 (80.9 % sensitivity and 93.4 % specificity). Serum RASSF1A methylation positive in patients with HCC was associated with more malignant clinical characteristics and a worse overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum RASSF1A methylation demonstrated a satisfactory value for in the diagnosis of HBV related HCC, and could predict clinical progression and prognosis. In addition, our findings suggested that the combination of serum RASSF1A methylation and AFP level may be a promising non-invasive biomarker for the discrimination of patients with HCC from those with CHB. Virtual slides The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_DPAT-D-15-00090.1
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hui He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Weiying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Daojun Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yueming Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Fang J, Cao X. Hypomethylation of DNA-binding inhibitor 4 serves as a potential biomarker in distinguishing acquired tamoxifen-refractory breast cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:9500-9505. [PMID: 26464711 PMCID: PMC4583943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the methylation status of DNA-binding inhibitor 4 (ID4) in tamoxifen-refractory (TR) breast cancer. METHODS From January 2012 to December 2014, breast cancer patients managed by radical mastectomy previously and receiving tamoxifen treatment for at least 12 months were enrolled. According to the response to tamoxifen, patients were divided into TR group and tamoxifen-sensitive (TS) group. Genomic DNA was isolated from fasting venous blood, and methylight technique was applied to determine the methylation status of ID4. RESULTS 43 patients with TS breast cancer and 31 patients with TR breast cancer were enrolled. No significant difference between groups was observed in term of patients' characteristics, such as age (P=0.693), progesterone receptor (P=0.970), menopausal status (P=0.784) and histological type (P=0.537), while the stage of cancer in TR group was significantly higher than TS group (P<0.001). Compared to TS group, PMR of ID4 was significantly higher in TR group (P=0.002). ROC curve analysis indicated that ID4 yielded an AUC of 0.716 with 77.4% sensitivity and 62.79% specificity in distinguishing TR breast cancer at the cut point of 3.8%. The PMR cut point of ID4 was set at 6.8% in survival analysis, log-rank test indicated the risk of disease progression was comparable between patients with ID4 hypermethylation or hypomethylation (P=0.287). CONCLUSION ID4 hypomethylation is present in TR breast cancer, and it may serve as a potential biomarker in distinguishing TR breast cancer. However, the results need further validation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of EducationTianjin 300060, China
- Department of Oncologic Surgery, Weinan Center HospitalWeinan 714000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of EducationTianjin 300060, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of EducationTianjin 300060, China
| | - Xuchen Cao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of EducationTianjin 300060, China
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Shah MS, Fogelman DR, Raghav KPS, Heymach JV, Tran HT, Jiang ZQ, Kopetz S, Daniel CR. Joint prognostic effect of obesity and chronic systemic inflammation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer 2015; 121:2968-75. [PMID: 25975416 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is strongly linked with chronic systemic inflammation, and each has been linked with disease progression and survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The authors investigated the joint prognostic effects of obesity and circulating cytokines in patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC), an understudied patient group. METHODS In 242 chemotherapy-naive patients with mCRC, the authors measured a multiplex cytokine panel and abstracted clinicopathological features, height, and weight from medical records. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of mCRC diagnosis until the date of death from any cause and evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Cut points for cytokines were determined by restricted cubic spline regression. RESULTS In multivariable models, elevated interleukin (IL)-8, IL-2 receptor alpha, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) emerged as significant predictors of poor OS (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval [95% CI] for above vs below the (referent) knot point: 2.5 [95% CI, 1.7-3.7], 1.9 [95% CI, 1.3-2.7], and 2.2 [95% CI, 1.6-3.1], respectively; all P<.001). Obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2) ) was not found to be associated with OS, but appeared to modify the relationships observed with IL-8 and LDH, which were associated with a significant 4-fold and 5-fold risk of death, respectively, in obese patients compared with a 2-fold risk of death in nonobese patients (P for interaction of .06 and .04, respectively). Similar results emerged from joint effects analysis, in which obese patients with high IL-8 (or LDH) experienced the highest risk of death. CONCLUSIONS Although obesity itself was not found to be independently associated with survival in patients with mCRC, the adverse prognostic significance of LDH and IL-8 was found to be enhanced in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi S Shah
- Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - David R Fogelman
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kanwal Pratap Singh Raghav
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hai T Tran
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhi-Qin Jiang
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Schrijver WAME, Jiwa LS, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. Promoter hypermethylation profiling of distant breast cancer metastases. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 151:41-55. [PMID: 25841351 PMCID: PMC4408366 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes seems to be an early event in breast carcinogenesis and is potentially reversible. This makes methylation a possible therapeutic target, a marker for treatment response and/or a prognostic factor. Methylation status of 40 tumor suppressor genes was compared between 53 primary breast tumors and their corresponding metastases to brain, lung, liver, or skin. In paired analyses, a significant decrease in methylation values was seen in distant metastases compared to their primaries in 21/40 individual tumor suppressor genes. Furthermore, primary tumors that metastasized to the liver clustered together, in line with the finding that primary breast carcinomas that metastasized to the brain, skin, or lung, showed higher methylation values in up to 27.5 % of tumor suppressor genes than primary carcinomas that metastasized to the liver. Conversion in methylation status of several genes from the primary tumor to the metastasis had prognostic value, and methylation status of some genes in the metastases predicted survival after onset of metastases. Methylation levels for most of the analyzed tumor suppressor genes were lower in distant metastases compared to their primaries, pointing to the dynamic aspect of methylation of these tumor suppressor genes during cancer progression. Also, specific distant metastatic sites seem to show differences in methylation patterns, implying that hypermethylation profiles of the primaries may steer site-specific metastatic spread. Lastly, methylation status of the metastases seems to have prognostic value. These promising findings warrant further validation in larger patient cohorts and more tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura S. Jiwa
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 Utrecht, CX The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 Utrecht, CX The Netherlands
| | - Cathy B. Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 Utrecht, CX The Netherlands
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Zhang X, Song YF, Lu HN, Wang DP, Zhang XS, Huang SL, Sun BL, Huang ZG. Combined detection of plasma GATA5 and SFRP2 methylation is a valid noninvasive biomarker for colorectal cancer and adenomas. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2629-2637. [PMID: 25759530 PMCID: PMC4351212 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i9.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate GATA5, SFRP2, and ITGA4 methylation in plasma DNA as noninvasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) or adenomas.
METHODS: There were 57 CRC patients, 30 adenomas patients, and 47 control patients enrolled in this study. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the promoter methylation status of GATA5, SFRP2, and ITGA4 genes in plasma DNA, and their association with clinical outcome in CRC. The predictive ability of GATA5, SFRP2, and ITGA4 methylation, individually or in combination, to detect CRC or adenomas was further analyzed.
RESULTS: Hypermethylated GATA5 was detected in plasma in 61.4% (35/57) of CRC cases, 43.33% (13/30) of adenoma cases, and 21.28% (10/47) of control cases. The hypermethylation of SFRP2 was detected in 54.39% (31/57), 40.00% (12/30), and 27.66% (13/47) in plasma samples from CRC, adenomas, and controls, respectively. ITGA4 methylation was detected in 36.84% (21/57) of plasma samples of CRC patients and in 30.00% (9/30) of plasma samples from patients with colorectal adenomas, and the specificity of this individual biomarker was 80.85% (9/47). Moreover, GATA5 methylation in the plasma was significantly correlated with larger tumor size (P = 0.019), differentiation status (P = 0.038), TNM stage (P = 0.008), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008). SFRP2 and ITGA4 methylation in plasma significantly correlated with differentiation status (SFRP2, P = 0.012; ITGA4, P = 0.007), TNM stage (SFRP2, P = 0.034; ITGA4, P = 0.021), and lymph node metastasis (SFRP2, P = 0.034; ITGA4, P = 0.021). From the perspective of predictive power and cost-performance, using GATA5 and SFRP2 together as methylation markers seemed the most favorable predictor for CRC (OR = 8.06; 95%CI: 2.54-25.5; P < 0.01) and adenomas (OR = 3.35; 95%CI: 1.29-8.71; P = 0.012).
CONCLUSION: A combination of GATA5 and SFRP2 methylation could be promising as a marker for the detection and diagnosis of CRC and adenomas.
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Fang CP, Yan HL, Gu ML, Jia Y, He CW, Tian ZF, Fu YY, Deng AM. Circulating tumor cells and cell tumor DNA methylation in gastric cancer: From bench to bedside. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:44-50. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is still one of malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortalit in China, and the 5-year survival rate is only 10%. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell tumor DNA (ctDNA) have gained increasing interests during the past decade. A wealth of information indicating the potential value of CTCs and ctDNA for cancer diagnosis, monitoring of the efficacy of anticancer therapies and prognosis has emerged. In this review, we discuss the biology and potential clinical use of CTCs and ctDNA in gastric cancer, as well as their role in the management of cancer patients.
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