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Chakroborty A, Pritchard DR, Bouillon ME, Cervi A, Kraehenbuehl R, Wild C, Fenn C, Holdsworth P, Capner C, Padalino G, Forde-Thomas JE, Payne J, Smith BG, Fisher M, Lahmann M, Baird MS, Hoffmann KF. Modified Hederagenin Derivatives Demonstrate Ex Vivo Anthelmintic Activity against Fasciola hepatica. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1869. [PMID: 37514055 PMCID: PMC10385850 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) causes fasciolosis (or fascioliasis) and poses a considerable economic as well as welfare burden to both the agricultural and animal health sectors. Here, we explore the ex vivo anthelmintic potential of synthetic derivatives of hederagenin, isolated in bulk from Hedera helix. Thirty-six compounds were initially screened against F. hepatica newly excysted juveniles (NEJs) of the Italian strain. Eleven of these compounds were active against NEJs and were selected for further study, using adult F. hepatica derived from a local abattoir (provenance unknown). From these eleven compounds, six demonstrated activity and were further assessed against immature liver flukes of the Italian strain. Subsequently, the most active compounds (n = 5) were further evaluated in ex vivo dose response experiments against adult Italian strain liver flukes. Overall, MC042 was identified as the most active molecule and the EC50 obtained from immature and adult liver fluke assays (at 24 h post co-culture) are estimated as 1.07 μM and 13.02 μM, respectively. When compared to the in vitro cytotoxicity of MDBK bovine cell line, MC042 demonstrated the highest anthelmintic selectivity (44.37 for immature and 3.64 for adult flukes). These data indicate that modified hederagenins display properties suitable for further investigations as candidate flukicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Chakroborty
- The Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | | | - Marc E Bouillon
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Anna Cervi
- Naturiol Bangor Ltd., MSParc, Gaerwen, Anglesey LL60 6AG, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Wild
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Caroline Fenn
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Peter Holdsworth
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
- PAH Consultancy Pty Ltd., 3/27 Gaunson Crescent, Wanniassa, Canberra 2903, Australia
| | - Colin Capner
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Gilda Padalino
- The Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | | | - Joseph Payne
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Brendan G Smith
- Bimeda UK, Bryn Cefni Industrial Estate, Unit 2A, Llangefni LL77 7XA, UK
| | - Maggie Fisher
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Martina Lahmann
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Hälsovägen 11, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mark S Baird
- Naturiol Bangor Ltd., MSParc, Gaerwen, Anglesey LL60 6AG, UK
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- The Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
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Nurlaelasari A, Wulandari AR, Caro TM, Nugroho HA, Sukaryo S, Cahyadi M, Kurniawan W, Hamid PH. Artemisia vulgaris anthelmintic activities to ova and adult stages of Fasciola gigantica in vitro. Vet World 2023; 16:1141-1153. [PMID: 37576776 PMCID: PMC10420699 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1141-1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Fasciolosis due to Fasciola gigantica is endemic to tropical countries and Fasciola hepatica in temperate climates, highly detrimental to livestock and known as foodborne zoonotic diseases. The strategic control of the disease is mainly the use of chemical anthelmintic. This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic properties of Artemisia vulgaris extract on the ova and adult stages of F. gigantica. Materials and Methods Samples were collected from the Ampel Abbatoir, Boyolali District, Central Java, Indonesia. The ova from 20-gallbladders of cattle which were naturally infected with F. gigantica and 270 living F. gigantica worms were used in this study. The ovicidal assay was performed by incubating the ova with A. vulgaris in different concentrations, that is, 5%, 2.5%, and 1.25% for 5, 9, 11, 14, and 16 days. The efficacies were evaluated by quantification of ova degeneration during developmental stages in different time points and egg-hatch assay. The flukicidal effects were observed by mortality assay in 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 min incubations followed by scanning electron microscopy for surface morphology and histology of the fluke's transversal sections. Results The concentration of 5% A. vulgaris showed the strongest ovicidal activities. The percentage of hatching ova on day 16 at concentrations of 5%, 2.5%, and 1.25% were 3.33%, 6.67%, and 16.67%. These ova hatch assay showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) compared to untreated control. The flukicidal effect was significant (p < 0.001) at a concentration of 20%, with a mortality rate reaching 66.67% in the 40 min of incubation time. The surface properties of the adult worms, including the spine, tegument, acetabulum, intestine, and vitelline follicles, were disintegrated. Conclusion The results showed that A. vulgaris has the potential ovicidal and flukicidal properties to F. gigantica. The active compounds remained necessary to be elucidated further and its modes of action would be interesting to be predicted by molecular docking modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andini Nurlaelasari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
| | | | - Tamara Muñoz Caro
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile
| | | | - Sukaryo Sukaryo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Cahyadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Kurniawan
- Agency of Livestock and Fishery Services, Boyolali District, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Penny Humaidah Hamid
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
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Rehman I, Gondal HY, Zamir R, Al-Hussain SA, Batool F, Irfan A, Noreen S, Roheen T, Nisar M, Zaki MEA. Green Synthesis: The Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles Using Extract of Teucrium stocksianum. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1343. [PMID: 37110928 PMCID: PMC10145101 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis is one of the promising pathways for biologically active nanoscale materials. Herein, an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) was carried out using an extract of Teucrium stocksianum. The biological reduction and size of NPS were optimized by controlling the physicochemical parameters such as concentration, temperature, and pH. A comparison of fresh and air-dried plant extracts was also undertaken to establish a reproducible methodology. The biosynthesized SNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, DLS, and XRD analyses. The prepared SNPs exhibited significant biological potential against multi-drug-resistant pathogenic strains. The results revealed that the biosynthesized SNPs exhibit high antimicrobial activity at low concentrations compared to the parent plant extract. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values were found between 5.3 µg/mL to 9.7 µg/mL for the biosynthesized SNPs, whereas the aqueous extract of the plant showed many high values of MIC, i.e., between 69 and 98 µg/ML. Furthermore, the synthesized SNPs were found efficient in the photolytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Rehman
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (I.R.); (R.Z.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (T.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Humaira Yasmeen Gondal
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (I.R.); (R.Z.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (T.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Roshan Zamir
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (I.R.); (R.Z.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (T.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fozia Batool
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (I.R.); (R.Z.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (T.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (I.R.); (R.Z.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (T.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Taleeha Roheen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (I.R.); (R.Z.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (T.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Muhammad Nisar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (I.R.); (R.Z.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (T.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13623, Saudi Arabia;
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Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anthelmintic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and FTIR Analysis of Combretum nioroense Stem Bark. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5424386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Combretum nioroense is widely used in the folkloric treatment of a variety of bacterial and helminthic infections. The decoction of its leaves is traditionally fed to newborn babies in some rural parts of Ghana. The study focused on identifying the prime components of petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of the stem bark using standard phytochemical screening protocols and chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The activities (cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory) of the extracts of C. nioroense were also investigated. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, phenols, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phytosterols, flavanols, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. The action of the extracts of C. nioroense on Milsonia ghanensis worms was concentration-dependent, with the least concentration (0.75 mg/mL) paralyzing and killing M. ghanensis after the maximal exposure time. The IC50 values for petroleum ether and ethanol extracts in the DPPH assay were >100.0 and 27.940 ± 1.005 μg/mL and those of the H2O2 assay were 400.900 ± 3.400 and 322.500 ± 1.005 μg/mL, respectively. The total antioxidant capacities (TACs) for petroleum ether and ethanol extracts were 47.197 ± 0.533 and 57.968 ± 0.560 gAAE/100 g, respectively. The IC50 value for ethanol extract in the cytotoxicity studies was 115.4 ± 1.332 μg/mL. The MICs of the extracts against the test organisms were within the range of 0.0122–25.0 mg/mL. The extracts (petroleum ether and ethanol) showed a concentration-dependent increase in anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 31.254 ± 0.359 and 24.402 ± 0.569 μg/mL, respectively. Chromatographic separations of the ethanol extract gave three fractions. FTIR analysis of the extracts and purified fractions revealed the presence of functional groups, confirming the presence of the phytochemicals identified in the screening test. The results indicate that both extracts of C. nioroense exhibit cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory activities, thereby proving the folkloric use to treat ailments caused by worms and microorganisms.
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Ahmed H, Kilinc SG, Celik F, Kesik HK, Simsek S, Ahmad KS, Afzal MS, Farrakh S, Safdar W, Pervaiz F, Liaqat S, Zhang J, Cao J. An Inventory of Anthelmintic Plants across the Globe. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010131. [PMID: 36678480 PMCID: PMC9866317 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of novelties and significant developments in the field of veterinary science to treat helminth parasites by using natural plant products have been assessed in recent years. To the best of our knowledge, to date, there has not been such a comprehensive review of 19 years of articles on the anthelmintic potential of plants against various types of helminths in different parts of the world. Therefore, the present study reviews the available information on a large number of medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects, which may facilitate the development of an effective management strategy against helminth parasites. An electronic search in four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) was performed for articles published between January 2003 and April 2022. Information about plant species, local name, family, distribution, plant tissue used, and target parasite species was tabulated. All relevant studies meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed, and 118 research articles were included. In total, 259 plant species were reviewed as a potential source of anthelmintic drugs. These plants can be used as a source of natural drugs to treat helminth infections in animals, and their use would potentially reduce economic losses and improve livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey
| | - Figen Celik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Harun Kaya Kesik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig 23119, Turkey
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir 12350, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Farrakh
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Pervaiz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Liaqat
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Jing Zhang
- The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai 200025, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.C.)
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Anthelmintic Agents from African Medicinal Plants: Review and Prospects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8023866. [PMID: 36624864 PMCID: PMC9825222 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8023866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis affects more than 1.5 billion people globally and largely remains a sanitary problem in Africa. These infections place a huge economic burden on poor countries and affect livestock production, causing substantial economic losses and poor animal health. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance, especially in livestock, and the potential for its widespread in humans create a need for the development of alternative therapies. Medicinal plants play a significant role in the management of parasitic diseases in humans and livestock, especially in Africa. This report reviews anthelmintic studies that have been conducted on medicinal plants growing in Africa and published within the past two decades. A search was made in various electronic databases, and only full articles in English were included in the review. Reports show that aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts and polar fractions obtained from these crude extracts form the predominant (80%) form of the extracts studied. Medicinal plants, extracts, and compounds with different chemical groups have been studied for their anthelmintic potential. Polyphenols and terpenoids are the most reported groups. More than 64% of the studies employed in vitro assays against parasitic and nonparasitic nematode models. Egg hatch inhibition, larval migration inhibition, and paralysis are the common parameters assessed in vitro. About 72% of in vivo models involved small ruminants, 15% rodents, and 5% chicken. Egg and worm burden are the main factors assessed in vivo. There were no reports on interventions in humans cited within the period under consideration. Also, few reports have investigated the potential of combining plant extracts with common anthelmintic drugs. This review reveals the huge potential of African medicinal plants as sources of anthelmintic agents and the dire need for in-depth clinical studies of extracts, fractions, and compounds from African plants as anthelmintic agents in livestock, companion animals, and humans.
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Docrat TF, Abdul NS, Marnewick JL. The phytotherapeutic potential of commercial South African medicinal plants: current knowledge and future prospects. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
South Africa, a country considered affluent in nature, ranks third in global biodiversity and encompasses approximately 9% of higher plants on planet Earth. Many indigenous plants have been utilised as herbal medicine, proving successful in treating numerous ailments. From the common cold to pandemic maladies such as COVID-19 in the 21st century and the treatment of incurable diseases, South African inhabitants have found great promise in the healing properties of these plants. Phytomedicine is a rapidly evolving topic, with in-depth bioactive composition analysis, identifying therapeutic action mechanisms, and disease prevention. While we are now poised to take advantage of nature’s medicine cabinet with greater scientific vigour, it remains critical that these practises are done with caution. Overharvesting significantly impacts biodiversity and cultivation practices amidst the beautiful nature of these nutraceuticals. This book chapter focuses on the therapeutic potential of commonly used South African medicinal plants, their ethnopharmacological properties, and how we can conserve this treasure cove we call home for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen F. Docrat
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Naeem Sheik Abdul
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville , South Africa
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Manjusa A, Pradeep K. Herbal anthelmintic agents: a narrative review. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:641-651. [PMID: 35848982 PMCID: PMC9924796 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Helminths or Parasitic worms of humans may cause chronic and sometimes deadly diseases, considered as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that infect around two billion people worldwide. Plants have been used as anthelmintics from ancient times. This review is a compilation of plants as source of anthelmintic drug. All information presented in this review article regarding the anthelmintic activities of plants from 2005 and has been acquired by approaching various electronic databases, including Scopus, Google scholar, Web of science and PubMed. Literature was surveyed for anthelmintic activity of plants which showed that secondary metabolites of plants like terpenes, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids were having anthelmintic activity. Since this review is a compilation of anthelmintic activity of plants from the year 2005, it will definitely be a fruitful study for researchers working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adak Manjusa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Kumar Pradeep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
- Pradeep Kumar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India. , Telephone: 9813774553
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Jin B, Chen JY, Sheng ZL, Sun MQ, Yang HL. Synthesis, Antibacterial and Anthelmintic Activity of Novel 3-(3-Pyridyl)-oxazolidinone-5-methyl Ester Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031103. [PMID: 35164368 PMCID: PMC8839302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of 3-(3-pyridyl)-oxazolidone-5-methyl ester derivatives was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS. The conducted screening antibacterial studies of the new 3-(3-pyridyl)-oxazolidone-5-methyl ester derivatives established that the methyl sulfonic acid esters have broad activity spectrum towards Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Among them, compound 12e has the most potent activity, with an MIC of 16 μg/mL against B.subtilis, and could reduce the instantaneous growth rate of bacteria. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were also simulated for compound 12e to predict the specific binding mode of this compound. In addition, anthelmintic activity of these compounds was also evaluated against adult Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuman). The results showed that compound 11b had the best effect. These results above can provide experimental reference for the development of novel antibacterial and anthelmintic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (B.J.); (J.-y.C.); (Z.-l.S.); (M.-q.S.)
| | - Jia-yi Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (B.J.); (J.-y.C.); (Z.-l.S.); (M.-q.S.)
| | - Zun-lai Sheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (B.J.); (J.-y.C.); (Z.-l.S.); (M.-q.S.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Meng-qing Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (B.J.); (J.-y.C.); (Z.-l.S.); (M.-q.S.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hong-liang Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (B.J.); (J.-y.C.); (Z.-l.S.); (M.-q.S.)
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence:
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Aro AO, Famuyide IM, Oyagbemi AA, Kabongo-Kayoka PN, McGaw LJ. In Vitro Potential of the Acetone Leaf Extract and Fractions of Psychotria capensis (Eckl.) Vatke (Rubiaceae) to Combat Co-Infection of Tuberculosis and Helminthiasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:744137. [PMID: 35087402 PMCID: PMC8787188 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.744137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of global importance that affects millions of people. Approximately a quarter of the world’s population is currently infected with M. tuberculosis, and about 10% of those infected will develop into active disease, particularly immune compromised individuals. Helminthiasis is of global health importance, affecting over 2 billion people mostly in resource-poor countries. Co-infection with tuberculosis (TB) and helminths (worms) is an emerging global public health concern with both affecting about one-third of the global population. Chronic infection with helminths can result in impaired immune responses to TB as well as enhancing failure to TB therapy and BCG vaccination. Antimycobacterial and anthelmintic activities of the acetone extract and fractions of Psychotria capensis were evaluated, including their in vitro safety. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect of the fractions and crude extract of P. capensis were assessed. Antimycobacterial activity of the extract and fractions was tested against four non-tuberculous mycobacteria (Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. fortuitum, M. aurum, M. bovis BCG) and pathogenic M. tuberculosis H37Rv while the Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) was used for the anthelmintic test on eggs of Haemonchus contortus. Cytotoxicity was determined against Vero kidney cells while in vitro immune modulation via cytokine production was determined on activated macrophages. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the Psychotria capensis acetone extract and fractions ranged from 39 to 1,250 μg/ml with the crude extract and hexane fraction having the best MIC values (both 39 μg/ml). In the EHA, the inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 160 to 630 μg/ml with the hexane fraction having the best activity. The hexane and chloroform fractions were relatively non-toxic with LC50 values of 290 and 248 μg/ml respectively, while the acetone crude extract (64 μg/ml) and n-butanol fraction (71 μg/ml) were moderately toxic. The SI values (LC50/MIC) ranged from 0.1 to 7.4 with the hexane fraction having the highest value against M. smegmatis (7.4). The hexane fraction had the best dual anthelmintic and antimycobacterial activity. This fraction had the best NO inhibitory activity and was the least cytotoxic, indicating that its activity was not due to general metabolic toxicity, with 96.54% cell viability. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12p70 were upregulated while IL-10 expression was inhibited by the extracts. Compounds were detected using GC-MS analysis, and in both the crude acetone extract and the hexane fraction was the diterpene neophytadiene, which has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Finding alternative or complementary approaches to dealing with TB infections by, amongst other things, reducing the incidence of helminth infestations may lessen the burden of TB, contributing to slowing the spread of multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola O Aro
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Ibukun M Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ademola A Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Prudence N Kabongo-Kayoka
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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11
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Sadeghi Z, Yang JL, Venditti A, Moridi Farimani M. A review of the phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology and biological activities of Teucrium genus (Germander). Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:5647-5664. [PMID: 34986708 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2022669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Teucrium L (Lamiaceae) is mainly distributed in the Mediterranean area. A comprehensive survey in the electronic databases (during 2000-2020 years) with keywords of 'Teucrium' and 'Germander' showed that chemical analyses are available for 27 species, with sesquiterpenoids, iridoids, di and triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds as identified structures. The neo-clerodane diterpenoids as potential chemotaxonomic markers were the main compounds of this genus. As a result, Italy and Turkey have good attempts at phytochemical analysis. The pharmacological activities of different species including antioxidant, cytotoxic activity, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-insect have been summarized. Teucrium polium and Teucrium chamaedrys mainly have been used in digestive problems and diabetes in traditional medicine. Evidence-based clinical trials are needed to confirm the therapeutic properties of this genus. As well to the popularity of Asian and Anatolian species as ingredients in contemporary medicines and products, further research is required in comparison to European species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadeghi
- Department of Production and Utilization of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Higher Educational Complex of Saravan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | | | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran
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Bibi H, Ali N, Nabi M, Altaf IUK, Shahid M, bukhari SH, Niazi ZR, Shah KU. Flavonoids containing Vitex negundo extract displayed calcium channels blocking property underlying its anti-diarrheal and anti-spasmodic activities. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea is a major health problem and despite of interventions, it remains a substantial cause of mortality and morbidity. In this study, a flavonoids-rich Vitex negundo extract was mechanistically evaluated for its effectiveness in diarrheal diseases. The Vitex negundo ethanolic extract was subjected to extraction for isolation of total flavonoids and qualitative phytochemical analysis. The acute toxicity of flavonoids-extract was done in mice to assess its safety and tolerability. The anti-diarrhoeal activity was determined using the castor oil induced diarrhea mouse model at doses of 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg in relation to loperamide (10 mg/kg, oral). The antispasmodic profile was determined by using cut pieces of rabbit’s jejunum in Tyrode’s solutions, employing acetylcholine (0.03μM) as a tissue stabilizer and verapamil, as a calcium channel blocker. The preliminary qualitative analysis of extract revealed different phytochemicals, in addition to flavonoids. The acute toxicity profile showed that the flavonoids-extract is safe and tolerable (LD50 = 1678 mg/kg). In the tissue experiments, the total flavonoids exhibited an EC50 of 1.52 mg/mL and showed maximum relaxation of spontaneous contractions at 5.0 mg/mL and against high-K + induced contractions at 3 mg/mL (EC50 = 0.43 mg/mL). The spasmolytic activity of total flavonoids was comparable to verapamil which suggests that the activity might be due to the blockade of calcium channels. The flavonoids extract (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/mL) produced an adequate right shift in the calcium concentration response curve as compared to the control (EC50 value = –2.67 mg/mL), which confirmed that the extract has calcium channel blocking activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadia Bibi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Women Institute of Learning (WIL), Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Zahid Rasul Niazi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan
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Amphimas pterocarpoides harms.: An Evaluation of flavonoid and phenolic contents, wound healing, anthelmintic and antioxidant activities of the leaves and stem bark. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08261. [PMID: 34765780 PMCID: PMC8569476 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the wound healing, anthelmintic and antioxidant potentials of crude methanol extracts and fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol) of the leaves and stem bark of Amphimas pterocarpoides. Wound healing activity was determined by the dermal excision model in rats; anthelmintic activity was evaluated by the adult worm motility test using the adult Indian worm, Pheretima postuma. Total flavonoid, phenolic content and antioxidant activity were assessed by the aluminum chloride colorimetric, Folin Ciocalteu, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays respectively. HPLC/UV fingerprints were developed for quality control. The maximum amount of phenolics and flavonoids were detected in the methanol fractions of the stem bark (225.0 ± 20.0 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 201.0 ± 1.41 mg/g quercetin equivalent (QCE) respectively) and leaves (84.54 ± 1.36 mg/g GAE and 130.7 ± 1.71 mg/g QCE, respectively). Both leaf and bark displayed remarkable free radical scavenging and TAC with the highest effect given by the methanol fractions. Significant (p < 0.05) wound contraction was achieved by topical application of the leaf (APL) and stem bark (APS) ointments (5-15%) with >90 % wound surface closure for 1% silver sulphadiazine, APS 15% and APL 10% treated groups by day 15. APL and APS demonstrated a concentration- and time-dependent paralysis and mortality of the P. posthuma with APL (6.25 mg/mL) causing worm paralysis at 82.60 min and death at 93 min, better than 10 mg/mL albendazole (paralysis at 76.30 min; death at 117 min). Tannins, triterpenoids, phytosterols, flavonoids, saponins and coumarins were detected in the leaves and bark. The results have proven the potential of A. pterocarpoides as a wound healing and anthelmintic agent, giving scientific credence to its use in traditional medicine.
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Mehreen Sadaf H, Bibi Y, Arshad M, Razzaq A, Ahmad S, Iriti M, Qayyum A. Analysis of Peganum harmala, Melia azedarach and Morus alba extracts against six lethal human cancer cells and oxidative stress along with chemical characterization through advance Fourier Transform and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopic methods towards green chemotherapeutic agents. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:552-565. [PMID: 34194262 PMCID: PMC8233526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicines implicate consumption of plant crude extracts, which may consist of extensive phytochemical diversity. Overall, the most biologically active extract of Peganum harmala (seeds) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on Artemia salina with LC50 value of 61.547 µg/mL, while P. harmala (roots) [LC50 = 124.229 µg/mL] and M. azedarach (fruits) [LC50 = 147.813 µg/mL] showed moderate cytotoxic potential. P. harmala (seeds) extract also showed the maximum antitumor potential with 52.278 µg/mL LC50. Branches of P. harmala and Morus alba were not active in both bioassays. These outcomes were further reinforced by the levels of phenolics and flavonoids checked against gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively, by standard curves. Current study aims to isolate, structurally characterize and analyze the bioactive compound from plant extracts by using chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques. Bioactivity guided isolation of extracts led to the isolation of PH-HM-16 from ethyl acetate fraction P. harmala seeds. Chemical structure of PH-HM-16 was elucidated by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC and IR spectrum. The results demonstrated significant positive anticancer activities against six human cancer cell lines assessed through MTT cancer cell growth inhibition assay. PH-HM-16 was most effective against prostate cancer cell lines [IC50 = 17.63 µg/mL] followed by breast cancer cell line MCF7 [IC50 value of 41.81 µg/mL]. IC50 value of PH-HM-16 against human myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 and human colorectal tumor cells HCT-116 was observed as 68.77 µg/mL and 71.54 µg/mL respectively. The IC 50 value of PH-HM-16 compound was not significant against human gastric cancer SGC-7901 (111.89 µg/mL) and human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549 (176.04 µg/mL). Isolated bioactive metabolite PH-HM-16 possesses significant antitumor potential so this could be the first step to develop an effective anticancer agent. Hence, this compound represents a promising potential to be chemically standardized or developed into pharmaceuticals for the chemoprevention and/or the treatment of certain types of cancer, especially as adjuvant phytotherapeutics in conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Mehreen Sadaf
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Central Library, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
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Wahab Obeng A, Boakye YD, Agana TA, Djameh GI, Boamah D, Adu F. Anti-trypanosomal and anthelminthic properties of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera Taub. Vet Parasitol 2021; 294:109449. [PMID: 33991727 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomosis and helminthosis, considered as part of neglected tropical diseases, are parasitic infections of public health importance, especially in Africa. Medicinal plants have been used in most parts of Africa, to treat these parasitic infections. The study aims to determine the anti-trypanosomal and anthelminthic properties of Tetrapleura tetraptera (fruit and stembark). The aqueous extracts of T. tetraptera fruit (TTFaq) and stembark (TTSaq), as well as ethanol extracts of T. tetraptera fruit (TTFe) and stembark (TTSe), were screened for their in vitro anti-trypanosomal and anthelminthic activities against T. b. brucei and Pheretima posthuma worms, respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening of all extracts and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of most active extracts were conducted. TTFaq exhibited anti-trypanosomal activity with IC50 of 18.18 μg/mL. TTSe and TTFe had moderate anti-trypanosomal activity with IC50 of 34.76 and 34.84 μg/mL, respectively. TTSaq had relatively low activity against the parasite with IC50 of 55.03 μg/mL. The SI of T. tetraptera extracts was between the range of 0.14-2.09. TTFaq showed dose-dependent activity causing paralysis and death of the adult worms at all concentrations. At the least concentration of 0.625 mg/mL, TTFaq induced paralysis and death after 101.88 ± 0.8 and 242.64 ± 0.38 min of exposure, respectively compared with the negative control (p < 0.0001). TTFe, TTSe and TTSaq caused paralysis of worms after 318.32 ± 0.74, 422.5 ± 0.72, 422.20 ± 0.55 min of exposure at minimum concentrations of 2.5, 10 and 5 mg/mL, respectively (p < 0.0001). However, no death was observed in worms treated with TTFe, TTSe and TTSaq at all test concentrations. In the presence of sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of the extracts, TTFaq potentiated the anthelminthic activity of albendazole whiles TTFe, TTSaq and TTSe inhibited the activity of albendazole. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, triterpenoids, reducing sugars, flavonoids (absent in TTFe), steroids (absent in TTFaq) and tannins (absent in TTSe and TTFe) in the extracts. GC-MS revealed the presence of 9-octadecenamide and betulic acid in TTFaq. Hence, there was evidence provided here that Tetrapleura tetraptera may be effective. This gives credence to their folkloric use. However, further study might be necessary to ascertain safety use in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Wahab Obeng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Duah Boakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Theresa Appiah Agana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Georgina Isabella Djameh
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
| | - Daniel Boamah
- Department of Microbiology, Mampong Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Akuapem Mampong, Ghana
| | - Francis Adu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Tagoe M, Boakye YD, Agana TA, Boamah VE, Agyare C. In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth. J Parasitol Res 2021; 2021:6690869. [PMID: 34007479 PMCID: PMC8100413 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6690869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth bark is used in the traditional medicine as a vermifuge. This study sought to determine the anthelmintic activity of the stem bark extract of Albizia ferruginea. The powdered A. ferruginea stem bark was extracted with ethanol. Phytochemical screening was carried out on A. ferruginea ethanol extract (AFE) and then screened for its anthelmintic property against Pheretima posthuma and Haemonchus contortus using the adult motility assay. The effect of AFE and its fractions on the anthelminthic activity of mebendazole and albendazole were also determined using the adult worm (P. posthuma) motility assay. AFE showed a dose-dependent anthelmintic activity against P. posthuma and H. contortus. The least concentration of AFE (0.5 mg/mL) paralyzed and killed P. posthuma within 272.50 ± 12.42 min and 354.50 ± 5.06 min of exposure, respectively. AFE at the least test concentration (0.14 mg/mL) caused paralysis and induced death of H. contortus, after at 63.50 ± 2.98 and 254.96 ± 2.44 min of exposure, respectively. AFE extract at 0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL increased the paralytic and helminthicidal activities of albendazole. The paralytic and helminthicidal activities of mebendazole were reduced when combined with AFE (0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL). Among the three fractions obtained from AFE, the methanol fraction showed the highest anthelmintic activity. The methanol fraction at 0.5 mg/mL caused paralysis after 69.90 ± 0.15 min and death of worm after 92.53 ± 0.74 min of exposure. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions showed relatively low anthelmintic activity. Phytochemical screening of AFE revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, and coumarins. The results from this study show that A. ferruginea possesses anthelmintic activity which gives credence to its folkloric use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Tagoe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Duah Boakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Theresah Appiah Agana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Vivian Etsiapa Boamah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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In-depth study of phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibitory and antiproliferative properties of Achillea filipendulina: a good candidate for designing biologically-active food products. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zaman MA, Abbas RZ, Qamar W, Qamar MF, Mehreen U, Shahid Z, Kamran M. Role of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants against Ascaridia galli. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1782801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arfan Zaman
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Warda Qamar
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fiaz Qamar
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Mehreen
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Shahid
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Matyanga CMJ, Morse GD, Gundidza M, Nhachi CFB. African potato (Hypoxis hemerocallidea): a systematic review of its chemistry, pharmacology and ethno medicinal properties. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:182. [PMID: 32527245 PMCID: PMC7289225 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Potato (hypoxis hemerocallidea), is used for enhancing immune system in Southern Africa. It is among the plants of intense commercial and scientific interest; hence, the aim of this study was to describe its chemistry and pharmacology. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL) and Google Scholar were searched independently for relevant literature. The last search occurred in October 2018. Other research material was obtained from Google. The following search terms were used, but not limited to: "African Potato", "hypoxis", "hemerocallidea", "rooperol." Articles that were explaining the chemistry and pharmacology of hypoxis hemerocallidea were included. RESULTS Thirty articles from PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar were eligible. Three webpages were included from Google. Results showed that the tuberous rootstock (corm) of African Potato is used traditionally to treat wasting diseases, testicular tumours, insanity, barrenness, impotency, bad dreams, intestinal parasites, urinary infection, cardiac disease and enhancing immunity. The plant contains hypoxoside, which is converted rapidly to a potent antioxidant, rooperol in the gut. The corm contains sterols, sterol glycosides, stanols, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins and reducing sugars. A dose of 15 mg/kg/day of hypoxoside is reportedly therapeutic. Preclinical studies of African Potato have shown immunomodulation, antioxidant, antinociceptive, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, uterolytic, antimotility, spasmolytic and anticholinergic effects. The common side effects of African Potato are nausea and vomiting, which subside over time. In vitro, African Potato demonstrated inhibitory effects on CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, 3A4, 3A5, CYP19-metabolism and induction of P-glycoprotein. In vivo, it did not alter the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz or lopinavir/ritonavir. CONCLUSION African Potato is mainly used as an immunostimulant. The exact mechanisms of action for all the pharmacological actions are unknown. More research is required to substantiate claims regarding beneficial effects. There are many research gaps that require investigation including pharmacokinetic interactions with conventional drugs, especially those used in HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia M J Matyanga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. .,School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Gene D Morse
- Center for Integrated Global Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mazuru Gundidza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Harare Institute of Technology, Belvedere, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Charles F B Nhachi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Liu M, Panda SK, Luyten W. Plant-Based Natural Products for the Discovery and Development of Novel Anthelmintics against Nematodes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030426. [PMID: 32182910 PMCID: PMC7175113 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic nematodes infect approximately two billion people worldwide. In the absence of vaccines for human intestinal nematodes, control of infections currently relies mainly on chemotherapy, but resistance is an increasing problem. Thus, there is an urgent need for the discovery and development of new anthelmintic drugs, especially ones with novel mechanisms of action. Medicinal plants hold great promise as a source of effective treatments, including anthelmintic therapy. They have been used traditionally for centuries and are mostly safe (if not, their toxicity is well-known). However, in most medicinal plants the compounds active against nematodes have not been identified thus far. The free-living nematode C. elegans was demonstrated to be an excellent model system for the discovery of new anthelmintics and for characterizing their mechanism of action or resistance. The compounds discussed in this review are of botanical origin and were published since 2002. Most of them need further studies of their toxicity, mechanisms and structure-activity relationship to assess more fully their potential as drugs.
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Adusei S, Otchere JK, Oteng P, Mensah RQ, Tei-Mensah E. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and metal chelating capacity of Tetrapleura tetraptera. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02762. [PMID: 31844702 PMCID: PMC6895743 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrapleura tetraptera, claim to be beneficial for curing of human ailments. In this study, we determined phytochemicals, antioxidant and metal chelating capacity in the pulp, seeds and whole fruit (mixture of pulp and seeds) of T. tetraptera. Phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, steroids, saponins and phenols) were examined in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the pulp, seeds and whole fruit. The recovery of all compounds was satisfactory, in the range of 90%-108%. The screening test revealed the presence of many phytochemicals in either one or both extracts. After the qualitative analysis, UV-Spectrophotometer was used to quantify phenols, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids where higher phytochemical concentrations were recorded in the pulp followed by whole fruit and then the seeds. The metal chelating capacity was determined using EDTA standard, and was in the order of pulp>whole fruit>seeds. Also, the pulp was established to exhibit much antioxidant activity as compared to the whole fruit or seeds. This study therefore supports the use of T. tetraptera in traditional systems of medicine owing to its active chemical compounds, and has given many vital insights on which part of T. tetraptera fruit to consume as concentrations of these compounds varies in the pulp, seeds and whole fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Adusei
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,Department of Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - John K Otchere
- Department of Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Prince Oteng
- Department of Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Richard Q Mensah
- Department of Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Tei-Mensah
- Department of Laboratory Technology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,Department of Food and Postharvest Technology, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua, Ghana
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Jatsa HB, Feussom NG, Femoe UM, Kenfack MC, Nkondo ET, Kadji Fassi JB, Simo ND, Moaboulou C, Dongmo CN, Tsague CD, Dongo E, Kamtchouing P, Tchuem Tchuente LA. Evaluation of the schistosomicidal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethyl acetate fraction from Ozoroa pulcherrima Schweinf. Roots on Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver pathology in mice and its phytochemical characterization. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111883. [PMID: 30999012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ozoroa pulcherrima Schweinf. (syn.: Heeria pulcherrrima Schweinf.) is a small shrub belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. In Africa, the stem and the leaves are used to treat dystocia, hyperthermia, and conjunctivitis, while the root is used to treat dysmenorrhea and intestinal helminthiasis. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to assess the schistosomicidal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate fraction from O. pulcherrima roots methanolic extract (EAOp) on S. mansoni- induced liver pathology in mice. Additionally, its phytochemical composition was elucidated. MATERIAL AND METHODS The phytochemical characterization of EAOp was carried out by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also quantified in the fraction. S. mansoni-infected mice received daily and per os, for 28 days, EAOp at 200 or 400 mg/kg, starting from the 36th day post-infection. Praziquantel was used as reference drug. Uninfected-untreated, uninfected-treated and infected-untreated mice served as controls. At the 65th day post-infection mice were sacrificed and parasitological burden monitored. Transaminases, total bilirubin, and total proteins levels were determined in the plasma. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrites, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in the liver as biomarkers of the oxidative stress. Liver histology and morphometric analysis of granulomas were also conducted. RESULTS The HPLC-MS analysis data of EAOp revealed the presence of four triterpenes namely oleaterminaloic acid, hydroxyoleanolic acid, moronic acid, and oleanolic acid; a flavonoid dipentoxybenzoic acid and two alkaloids. Its total phenolic content was 76.46 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content 6.26 ± 0.31 mg rutin equivalent/g. The reductions of worm burden (48.89 and 75.56%), fecal egg count (77.76 and 69.52%) and egg load in the liver (65.33 and 77.18%) and intestine (78.06 and 84.63%) were significant after EAOp treatment. EAOp at all doses significantly (p < 0.001) reversed the increasing transaminases activities and total bilirubin level induced by the infection. A normalization of total proteins concentration was also recorded. Treatment of S. mansoni-infected mice with EAOp at 200 or 400 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of MDA concentration by 73.20% and 67.78% respectively. The level of nitrites which was reduced by the infection significantly increased after the treatment. EAOp significantly increased by 4.67 and 5.69-fold the CAT activity and by 126.67% the GSH level. Histologically, a significant reduction of the number (66.39 and 57.82%) and the volume (52.25 and 34.81%) of liver inflammatory granulomas was recorded after EAOp treatment at all doses. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the liver pathology in S. mansoni infection is improved by EAOp which disclosed good schistosomicidal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Its effects on the liver dysfunction and the hepatic oxidative stress were comparable to that of praziquantel. These findings justified the traditional use of O. pulcherrima for the treatment of intestinal helminthiasis. This fraction can be considered as a promising source for schistosomicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine Boukeng Jatsa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Nestor Gipwe Feussom
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Ulrich Membe Femoe
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Mérimé Christian Kenfack
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Emilienne Tienga Nkondo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Joseph Bertin Kadji Fassi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Nadège Distele Simo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Cyriaque Moaboulou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Calvine Noumedem Dongmo
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Christelle Dongmo Tsague
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Etienne Dongo
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Pierre Kamtchouing
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuente
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor, and Cytotoxic Activities of Teucrium pruinosum Boiss. Essential Oil. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4034689. [PMID: 30151381 PMCID: PMC6091332 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4034689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In traditional medicine, many pharmacological activities have already been ascribed to the genus of Teucrium plant. These include antirheumatic antispasmodic, anthelmintic, diuretic, hypoglycemic, and anticancer effects. The recent investigation aimed to characterize and estimate the chemical composition, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer potentials of the essential oil isolated by the microwave-ultrasonic apparatus from Teucrium pruinosum leaves collected from Palestine. Methods The essential oil (EO) was analyzed by Gas Chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while its anticancer activity was evaluated against HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma cells. The ability of T. pruinosum EO to inhibit the conversion of Arachidonic Acid (AA) to PGH2 by ovine COX-1 and human recombinant COX-2 was determined using a COX inhibitor screening assay. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the EO was evaluated on the basis of the scavenging activity with a stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, while Trolox was used as a positive control. Results Forty-four molecules were identified in T. pruinosum EO, representing 100% of the total EO. Agarospirol was found to be the most abundant component (45.53%) followed by caryophyllene (19.35%). However, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor assay revealed that T. pruinosum has potential COX-1 and Cox-2 inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.25 µg/ml and 0.5 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the T. pruinosum EO showed moderate antioxidant capacity with an IC50 value of 16.98±0.84 µg/ml in comparison with the positive control Trolox, which has an antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 2.09±0.17 µg/ml. In addition, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.625, 7.67, and 3.84 mg/ml of T. pruinosum EO treatments inhibited mitochondrial activity (cell viability) significantly and extremely by 90-95%. Conclusion The current study provided data that revealed that the T. pruinosum EO could be a suitable candidate for use as a novel anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant medication. Further clinical trials would be required to ensure these effects and to allow the design of suitable pharmaceutical dosage forms from this natural oil.
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Comparative study on the antileishmanial activities of chemically and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). 3 Biotech 2018; 8:98. [PMID: 29430360 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the antileishmanial activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) compared to chemically synthesized AgNPs. A nano dimension size (10-15 nm) biogenic AgNPs was produced and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-rays diffraction. The chemically synthesized AgNPs was recovering from our previous study with a nanoparticle (NP) size in the range of 10-40 nm. The antileishmanial activities were investigated through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay. The infectivity was determined by Giemsa staining of the infected macrophages cells. Nitric oxide (NO) accumulation was measured by Griess reagent using NaNO2 as a positive control. After 24 h of exposure with nanoparticles (NPs), a concentration-dependent growth inhibition was observed. The IC50 values were determined against promastigotes of L. infantum as 19.42 ± 2.76 µg/ml for leaves aqueous extract mediated AgNPs, 30.71 ± 1.91 µg/ml for stem mediated AgNPs and 51.23 ± 2.20 µg/ml for chemically synthesized AgNPs. It was also detected that all types of NPs produced NO at a significant level. However, the production of a high-level of NO in the biologically synthesized NPs activated macrophage cells, infected with L. infantum promastigotes indicates that NO radicals are mainly responsible for induced cell death and a decrease in the pathogenicity of the parasites. Since, biogenic nanoparticles are cost-effective, eco-friendly, simple to synthesize, and more effective than chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles, therefore, it could be used as a potential alternative for the development of antileishmanial drugs.
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Ullah I, Abamor EŞ, Bağirova M, Shinwari ZK, Allahverdiyev AM. Biomimetic production, characterisation, in vitro cytotoxic and anticancer assessment of aqueous extract‐mediated AgNPs of Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 12:270-276. [PMCID: PMC8675970 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the numerous biological applications, cost effectiveness and low cytotoxicity of the biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs), the authors optimised the production of silver NPs (AgNPs) using aqueous extract of Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. The NPs were characterised by ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The UV‐vis spectroscopy revealed a surface plasmon resonance (410‐440 nm) at an incubation temperature of 90°C when 1 mM Ag nitrate combined to 5 mg/ml extract concentration in the ratio of 1:10. DLS results show an average zeta size of ∼44.61 nm and zeta potential of −15.3 mV. SEM and XRD confirmed the high crystallinity and cubical symmetry with an average size below 100 nm. FTIR measurement shows the presence of various functional groups, responsible for the capping and reduction of Ag metal. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay shows that AgNPs are less cytotoxic to J774 and L929 cells as compared with enhanced anticancer activity with low IC50 concentrations (68.24 µg/ml) against Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 (MCF‐7) cells. The ethidium bromide/acridine orange assay shows that the AgNPs kill the cell by apoptosis. Overall, the results show that AgNPs possesses potent anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ullah
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Biological SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Emrah Şefik Abamor
- Department of BioengineeringFaculty of Chemical and Metallurgical EngineeringYildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Melahat Bağirova
- Department of BioengineeringFaculty of Chemical and Metallurgical EngineeringYildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Biological SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Adil M. Allahverdiyev
- Department of BioengineeringFaculty of Chemical and Metallurgical EngineeringYildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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Houdijk J, Tolkamp B, Rooke J, Hutchings M. Animal health and greenhouse gas intensity: the paradox of periparturient parasitism. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:633-641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Balqis U, Hambal M, Rinidar, Athaillah F, Ismail, Azhar, Vanda H, Darmawi. Cuticular surface damage of Ascaridia galli adult worms treated with Veitchia merrillii betel nuts extract in vitro. Vet World 2017; 10:732-737. [PMID: 28831213 PMCID: PMC5553138 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.732-737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this research was to in vitro evaluate the cuticular surface damage of Ascaridia galli adult worms treated with ethanolic extract of betel nuts Veitchia merrillii. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening was done using FeCl3, Wagner and Dragendorff reagents, NaOH, MgHCl, and Liebermann–Burchard reaction test. Amount of 16 worms were segregated into four groups with three replicates. Four worms of each group submerged into phosphate buffered saline, 25 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml crude ethanolic extract of V. merrillii, and 15 mg/ml albendazole. The effect of these extract was observed 40 h after incubation as soon as worms death. The worms were sectioned transversally and were explored for any cuticular histopathological changes in their body surface under microscope. Results: We found that the ethanolic extract of V. merrillii betel nuts contains tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and saponins. The ethanolic extract of betel nuts V. merrillii induces surface alterations caused cuticular damage of A. galli adult worms. Conclusion: We concluded that ethanolic extract of betel nuts V. merrillii possess anthelmintic activity caused cuticular damage of A. galli adult worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummu Balqis
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hambal
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Rinidar
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Farida Athaillah
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Ismail
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Azhar
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Henni Vanda
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Darmawi
- Laboratory of Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
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Ali N, Shaoib M, Shah SWA, Shah I, Shuaib M. Pharmacological profile of the aerial parts of Rubus ulmifolius Schott. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:59. [PMID: 28103863 PMCID: PMC5244552 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background As aerial parts of Rubus ulmifolius contains phytochemicals like flavonoids and tannins. And whereas flavonoids and tannins have antioxidant and antipyretic activity, hence, current work is carried out to screen crude methanolic extract of aerial parts of Rubus ulmifolius (Ru.Cr) and crude flavonoids rich extract of Rubus ulmifolius (Ru.F) for possible antioxidant and antipyretic activity. Ru.Cr and Ru.F are also tested for brine shrimps lethality bioassay. Ru.F is tested for the first time for possible antioxidant and antipyretic activity. Methods Preliminary phytochemical screening of Ru.Cr and Ru.F was performed as it provides rapid finger printing for targeting a pharmacological activity. Acute toxicity and Brine shrimps’ cytotoxicity studies of Ru.Cr and Ru.F were performed to determine its safe dose range. Antioxidant and antipyretic studies were also performed as per reported procedures. Results Ru.Cr tested positive for presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids. Ru.Cr is safe up to 6 g/kg following oral doses for acute toxicity study. Ru.Cr is safe up to 75 μg/kg (p.o), LC50 for Ru.Cr and Ru.F are 16.7 ± 1.4 μg/ml 10.6 ± 1.8 μg/ml, respectively (n = 3). Both Ru.Cr and Ru.F demonstrated comparable antioxidant activity using vitamin C as standard (p ≤ 0.05). In test dose of 300 mg of Ru.Cr, rectal temperature was reduced by 74% (p ≤ 0.05) on 4th hour of the administration. More, Ru.F produced 72% reduction in pyrexia (p ≤ 0.05) on 4th hour of administration of paracetamol in Westar rats. Conclusions The current work confirms that aerial parts of Rubus ulmifolius contain flavonoids that are safe up to 6 g/kg (p.o). Crude methanolic extract and flavonoids rich fraction of Rubus ulmifolius have significant antioxidant and antipyretic activity. Further work is required to isolate the pharmacologically active substances for relatively safe and effective antipyretics and antioxidants.
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Ahmad M, Khan MPZ, Mukhtar A, Zafar M, Sultana S, Jahan S. Ethnopharmacological survey on medicinal plants used in herbal drinks among the traditional communities of Pakistan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 184:154-186. [PMID: 26947900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE There is very limited information regarding medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Pakistan, for treating wide-ranging diseases. Current study provides significant ethnopharmacological information, both qualitative and quantitative on medical plants in Pakistan and the pharmacological importance of herbal drinks, especially in the discovery of new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current ethnomedicinal field study was conducted from various traditional communities of Pakistan to document usage of medicinal plants as herbal drinks. Data was collected through field interviews from local people and using semi-structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using quantitative indices such as UV (use value), RFC (Relative frequency of citation), and FL (Fidelity level). RESULTS The present study recorded 217 plant species belonging to 174 genera and 69 families used in herbal drinks preparations. Major herbal preparations include decoctions, infusions and juice. According to use reports, significant species were Aloe vera, Artemisia fragrans, Allium cepa, Senegalia catechu, Alternanthera sessilis, Malva ludwigii, Arnebia benthamii, Cichorium intybus, Coccinia grandis, Dalbergia sissoo. Major ailment treated with herbal drinks include heartburn, fever, diarrhea, hypertension, and others. Use value (UV) varies from 0.23 to 0.02, with Mentha arvensis (0.23) having the highest value of UV followed by Mentha longifolia (0.22), Plantago lanceolate (0.19), Achillea millefolium (0.18), Coriandrum sativum (0.18), Justicia adhatoda and Malva sylvestris (0.17). Values of RFC varies from 0.28 to 0.09 while Fidelity level (FL) among plants varies from 37.5 to 100. Alternanthera sessilis, Oxytropis lapponica, Millettia pinnata and Salvia bucharica had the highest FL value (100). CONCLUSION The use of medicinal plants is prevalent in traditional communities of Pakistan. Different herbal preparations are in common practice including various herbal drinks a common tradition and much favoured herbal preparation in terms of its results and regarded as reciprocal to modern drugs. Therefore, suggesting further pharmacological, phytochemical evaluation for essential metabolites and chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad
- Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Pukhtoon Zada Khan
- Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Anam Mukhtar
- Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Bali EB, Açık L, Elçi P, Sarper M, Avcu F, Vural M. In vitro anti-oxidant, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of Achillea teretifolia Willd extracts on human prostate cancer cell lines. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S308-15. [PMID: 26664020 PMCID: PMC4653342 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.166060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of Achillea species are the most important native economic plants of Anatolia. They include highly bioactive compounds, so they have therapeutic applications. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the aim was to investigate in vitro anti-oxidant, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of Achillea teretifolia Willd extracts (Turkish name: Beyaz civanperÇemi). MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-oxidant potential of the extracts was analyzed by the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic content methods. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to detect cytotoxicity of the extracts onhuman prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC-3) and human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. mRNA expression levels of pro-apoptotic (bax, caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (bcl-2) genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The results showed that extracts exhibited a remarkable DPPH scavenging activity, and total phenolic content of the methanol extract was higher than that of the water extract. As time and concentration were increased, the methanol extract exhibited a more powerful cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer cells. In prostate cancer cells, the levels of mRNA expression of the bax and caspase-3 genes were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of bcl-2 was down-regulated (P < 0.05). In HGF cells, there were no cytotoxic effect and apoptosis induction triggered by the extracts. CONCLUSION The methanol extract had more powerful anti-oxidant, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects than the water extract. The extracts could be good anti-oxidant sources, and they might include anti-cancer compounds triggering the cytotoxicity and the apoptosis on prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Bali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gazi, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Açık
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Gazi, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Elçi
- Medical and Cancer Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Sarper
- Medical and Cancer Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferit Avcu
- Medical and Cancer Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mecit Vural
- Medical and Cancer Research Center, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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Khan I, Ahmad K, Khalil AT, Khan J, Khan YA, Saqib MS, Umar MN, Ahmad H. Evaluation of antileishmanial, antibacterial and brine shrimp cytotoxic potential of crude methanolic extract of Herb Ocimum basilicum (Lamiacea). J TRADIT CHIN MED 2015; 35:316-22. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Elmasri WA, Hegazy MEF, Mechref Y, Paré PW. Cytotoxic saponin poliusaposide from Teucrium polium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02713f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three saponin glycosides have been isolated and characterized from Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. Elmasri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences
- National Research Centre
- Giza
- Egypt
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Paul W. Paré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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Ayaz M, Junaid M, Subhan F, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Ahmad S, Imran M, Kamal Z, Hussain S, Shah SM. Heavy metals analysis, phytochemical, phytotoxic and anthelmintic investigations of crude methanolic extract, subsequent fractions and crude saponins from Polygonum hydropiper L. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:465. [PMID: 25472835 PMCID: PMC4289404 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygonum hydropiper L decoctions are traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments including inflammation, dyspepsia, diarrhea, menorrhagia, hemorrhoids, helminthiasis and CNS disorders. Present study was undertaken to investigate P. hydropiper L. for heavy metals content, phytoconstituents, Phytotoxic and anthelmintic activities to explore its toxicological and pharmacological potentials and rationalize its ethnomedicinal uses. METHODS Plant crude powder, methanolic extract, fractions and soil samples were analyzed for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was carried out for the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinones, saponins, terpenoids, sterols and tannins. Radish seeds phytotoxicity assay was used to study phytotoxic action of plant extracts. Pheretima posthuma and Ascaridia galli were used to study anthelmintic potential of the plant using albendazole and levamisole HCl as standard drugs. RESULTS Plant crude powder, methanolic extract (Ph.Cr), its subsequent fractions; n-hexane (Ph.Hex), chloroform (Ph.Chf), ethyl acetate (Ph.EtAc), n-Butanol (Ph.Bt), aqueous (Ph.Aq), saponins (Ph.Sp) and soil samples were found to contain copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in different concentrations. In crude powder of the plant, heavy metals concentrations were within WHO specified limits, whereas different fractions and soil samples exhibited high metals content. Ph.Cr was tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and anthraquinone glycosides. Among different fractions Ph.EtAc, Ph.Sp, Ph.Chf and Ph.Bt were most effective causing 89.32, 89.25, 86.68 and 85.32% inhibition of seeds in phytotoxicity assay, with IC50 values of 50, 60, 35 and 100 μg/ml respectively. In anthelmintic study, Ph.Sp, Ph.Chf, Ph.EtAc and Ph.Cr were most effective against P. posthuma at 10 mg/ml concentration with an average death time of 50, 64.67, 68.67 and 71 minutes respectively. Ph.EtAc, Ph.Chf and Ph.Aq were most effective against A. galli with average death time of 7, 9 and 10 min respectively at 1 mg/ml concentration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that P. hydropiper contains different heavy metals and secondary metabolites. Different fractions exhibited phytotoxic and anthelmintic activites comparable to control drugs, thus provide pharmacological basis for ethnomedicinal uses of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Fazal Subhan
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- />Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 18000, KPK Pakistan
| | - Zul Kamal
- />Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal (Dir Upper), Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Hussain
- />Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST) Kohat, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Syed Majid Shah
- />Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST) Kohat, Kohat, Pakistan
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Naghibi F, Khalaj A, Mosaddegh M, Malekmohamadi M, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M. Cytotoxic activity evaluation of some medicinal plants, selected from Iranian traditional medicine Pharmacopoeia to treat cancer and related disorders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:230-239. [PMID: 24911336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE By studying the Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) Pharmacopoeia, we have collected information about medicinal plants which had been used to manage cancer-like disorders over eight hundred years, from medieval to the early modern era. Exploring the ITM herbal knowledge, the selected species have been subjected to MTT assay for examining their in vitro cyototoxic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cancer was reviewed through the ITM and some terminologies were acquired. Five ITM Pharmacopoeia in Arabic and Persian languages from 10th to 18th century AD were explored. These Pharmacopoeia contained the ITM plants which were used to cure cancer and cancer-like diseases. The ITM names were matched with the scientific names. Then the medicinal plants were collected, authenticated and were evaluated for cytotoxic activity using MTT assay, against MCF-7, HepG-2, A-549 and HT-29 cell lines. Finally, the apoptosis induction ability of the most cytotoxic medicinal plant was investigated by activated caspase 3 inspection in MCF-7 cell line. RESULTS Six species of the evaluated medicinal plants revealed cytotoxic activity. The most cytotoxicity was observed in Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. argyrophyllum (K.Koch) Podlech with IC50 values of 28.3 μg mL(-1), 53.9 μg mL(-1) and 43.3 μg mL(-1) against MCF-7, A-549 and HT-29 cell lines, respectively. Caspase 3 activation was also observed in MCF-7 cells by Tanacetum polycephalum subsp. argyrophyllum. This is the first time that the cytotoxic activity of this species has been reported. CONCLUSION In the present study, some reliable references of ITM have been introduced and though many technical difficulties, linguistic problems and some other hindrances were encountered during the study, using traditional medicine texts for medicinal plant selection could be considered as a helpful starting point in the field of cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Naghibi
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Khalaj
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 8 Shams Alley, Vali-e-Asr Street, 1516745811, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mosaddegh
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 8 Shams Alley, Vali-e-Asr Street, 1516745811, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Malekmohamadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeloo-Moghadam
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 8 Shams Alley, Vali-e-Asr Street, 1516745811, Tehran, Iran.
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Gupta P, Bhatnagar I, Kim SK, Verma AK, Sharma A. In-vitro cancer cell cytotoxicity and alpha amylase inhibition effect of seven tropical fruit residues. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014b433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Shah SMM, Sadiq A, Shah SMH, Ullah F. Antioxidant, total phenolic contents and antinociceptive potential of Teucrium stocksianum methanolic extract in different animal models. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:181. [PMID: 24893601 PMCID: PMC4059475 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and analgesia are connected with different pathological conditions. The drug candidates from synthetic sources are associated with various side effects; therefore, researchers are giving priority to find novel, effective and safe phytomedicines. Teucrium species possesses antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. The essential oils of Teucrium stocksianum have shown strong antinociceptive potential. Our current study is designed to embark total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant and antinociceptive potential of the methanolic extract of Teucrium stocksianum (METS). Method Phytochemical composition was determined by using standard methods. Free radical scavenging potential and TPC of METS were assessed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) respectively. Antinociceptive potential was determined by acetic acid induced abdominal writhing, formalin induced paw licking and tail immersion tests. Different test dose 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight of METS were administered intra peritonealy (i.p) to various groups of mice for the evaluation of analgesic potential. Results Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinone, steroid, phlobatannin, terpenoid, glycoside and reducing sugars. METS was found safe at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight. A concentration dependent free radical scavenging effect was observed with methanolic aerial parts extract of Teucrium stocksianum (MAPETS) and methanolic roots extracts of Teucrium stocksianum (MRETS). MAPETS and MRETS have shown highest antioxidant activity 91.72% and 86.19% respectively at 100 μg/ml. MAPETS was found more rich (115.32 mg of GAE/g of dry material) in TPC as compared to MAPETS (105.41 mg of GAE/g). METS demonstrated a dose dependent antinociceptive potential in different pain models, like in acetic acid, formalin and tail immersion showing 83.103%, 80.872% and 67.58% at a dose of 150 mg/kg, similar to acetylsalicylic acid (74.79%, 82.87%, 100 mg/kg) and TramadolR (74%, 30 mg/kg) respectively. Conclusion Strong antioxidant potential and high TPCs are residing in the methanolic extract of T. stocksianum. METS showed analgesic potential in all models of nociception implying that both peripheral and central pathways of analgesia are involved. This might be due to the presence of various classes of phytochemicals in the plant extract.
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Payne S, Kotze A, Durmic Z, Vercoe P. Australian plants show anthelmintic activity toward equine cyathostomins in vitro. Vet Parasitol 2013; 196:153-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ali N, Aleem U, Ali Shah SW, Shah I, Junaid M, Ahmed G, Ali W, Ghias M. Acute toxicity, brine shrimp cytotoxicity, anthelmintic and relaxant potentials of fruits of Rubus fruticosus Agg. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:138. [PMID: 23773797 PMCID: PMC3688410 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Rubus fruticosus is used in tribal medicine as anthelmintic and an antispasmodic. In the current work, we investigated the anthelmintic and antispasmodic activities of crude methanol extract of fruits of R. fruticosus on scientific grounds. Acute toxicity and brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity of the extract were also performed. Methods Acute toxicity study of crude methanol extract of R. fruticosus was performed on mice. In vitro Brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was performed on shrimps of Artemia salina. In vitro Anthelmintic activity was tested against Raillietina spiralis and Ascaridia galli. Relaxant activities were tested on spontaneous rabbits’ jejunal preparations. Calcium chloride curves were constructed to elucidate possible mode of action of the extract. Results LD 50 of the extract for acute toxicity studies was 887.75 ± 9.22 mg/ml. While CC 50 of the extract for Brine shrimps cytotoxicity assay was 13.28 ± 2.47 μg/ml. Test samples of crude methanolic extract of R. fruticosus (Rf.Cr) at concentration 20 mg/ml showed excellent anthelmintic activity against Raillietina spiralis. Anthelmintic activity was 1.37 times of albendazole against the Raillietina spiralis at concentration 40 mg/ml. At higher concentration (40 mg/ml), Rf.Cr has 89. 83% parasiticidal activity. The mean EC50 relaxation activity for spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions was 7.96 ± 0.1 and 6.45 ± 0.29 mg/ml, respectively. EC 50 (Log[Ca++]M) for control calcium chloride curves was −1.75 ± 0.01 vs. EC 50 −1.78 ± 0.06 in the presence of 3.0 mg/ml of Rf.Cr. Similarly, EC 50(Log[Ca++]M) in the absence and presence of verapamil (0.1 μM) were −2.46 ± 0.01 and −1.72 ± 0.02, respectively. Conclusions The anthelmintic and relaxant activities explained traditional uses of R. fruticosus on scientific grounds. Relaxant activity follows the inhibition of voltage gated channels. Although the plant extract has cytotoxic effects, yet it is evident from acute toxicity study that it is safe in concentration 100 mg/kg. Further work is required to isolate pharmacologically active compounds.
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Ali N, Shah I, Shah SWA, Ahmed G, Shoaib M, Junaid M, Ali W, Ahmed Z. Antioxidant and relaxant activity of fractions of crude methanol extract and essential oil of Artemisia macrocephala Jacquem. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:96. [PMID: 23642022 PMCID: PMC3656809 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The current work is an attempt to know about additional chemical profile of Artemisia macrocephala. Antioxidant activity is performed as the plant is reported to contain flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity in general. Relaxant activity of fractions of crude methanol extract is performed to know in which fraction(s) the relaxant constituents concentrate as we have already reported that its crude methanol has relaxant activity. Antispasmodic activity of essential oil is also performed as the plant is rich with essential oil. Methods Phytochemical profile of the plant is performed. Free radical scavenging activity was performed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Relaxation activity tests of fractions and essential oil of Artemisia macrocephala were performed on sections of rabbits’ jejunum. Calcium chloride curves were constructed to investigate the mode of action of plant extracts and its essential oil. Results We detected carbohydrates, flavonoids and saponins in A. macrocephala. At concentration 0.005 mg/ml, free radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction was 121.5 ± 2.02% of ascorbic acid. n- hexane fraction relaxed spontaneous activity with EC50 0.74 ± 0.04 mg/ml. Essential oil relaxed spontaneous activity with EC50 0.8 ± 0.034 mg/ml. Chloroform and ethylacetate fractions relaxed both spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions suggesting its possible mode through calcium channels. Constructing calcium chloride curves, the test fractions showed a right shift in the EC50. Essential oil at concentration 0.1 mg/ml produced right shift with EC50 (log [Ca++]M) -2.08 ± 0.08 vs. control with EC50 -2.47 ± 0.07. The curve resembled the curves of verapamil, which caused a right shift at 0.1 μM, with EC50 -1.7 ±0.07 vs. control EC50 (log [Ca++]M) -2.45 ± 0.06. Conclusions Crude methanol and its fractions (ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol) are rich sources of antioxidant constituents. The relaxing constituents following calcium channel blocking mechanisms are more concentrated in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions that warrant isolation.
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Majnooni MB, Mohammadi-Farani A, Gholivand MB, Nikbakht MR, Bahrami GR. Chemical composition and anxiolytic evaluation of Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch essential oil in rat. Res Pharm Sci 2013; 8:269-75. [PMID: 24082896 PMCID: PMC3757592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal based remedies are used worldwide to treat psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse the essential oil composition of Achillea Wilhemsii C. Koch (Asteraceae) and to evaluate its anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus maze (EPM) model of anxiety in rat. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the essential oil showed that the main compounds of the oil were p-ocimen (23%), 1, 8-cineole (20.8%) and carvone (19.13%). The EPM results showed that 1 mg/kg (i.p.) of the oil significantly (P<0.05) increased the percentage of the time spent and the number of entries in the open arms of the maze while it did not change the total number of entries in the maze arms. These effects were not reversed with 2 mg/kg flumazenil and 5 mg/kg naloxone. We concluded that a minimum dose of 1 mg/kg of the oil has anxiolytic effects which are not probably mediated through GABA and opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Majnooni
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - A. Mohammadi-Farani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran,Corresponding author: A. Mohammadi-Farani
Tel. 00989132267611, Fax. 00988314276493
| | - M. B. Gholivand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - M. R. Nikbakht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - G. R. Bahrami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
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Shah SMM, Ullah F, Shah SMH, Zahoor M, Sadiq A. Analysis of chemical constituents and antinociceptive potential of essential oil of Teucrium Stocksianum bioss collected from the North West of Pakistan. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:244. [PMID: 23217213 PMCID: PMC3534250 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants are used for the treatment of different diseases in almost all cultures. Teucrium species grow wildly at different geographical locations around the world. Teucrium stocksianum is used in folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, cough, jaundice and abdominal pain. Scientific study on Teucrium stocksianum shows that it possesses anthelmintic, cytotoxic and antispasmodic activity. The aim of our present study is to identify the chemical composition and antinociceptive potential of the essential oil extracted from Teucrium stocksianum bioss. METHOD Essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Teucrium stocksianum were extracted by hydrodistillation process. The qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oil was determined with Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometer. Antinociceptive activity was determined by acetic acid induced writhing method. Percent inhibition of writhes of the test concentration was determined by comparing it with that of control. Tween-80 emulsion 2.5% (5 ml/kg b.w) was used as a control while Diclofenic sodium 50 mg/kg (b.w) was used as a standard drug. RESULTS The chromatogram of the essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum shows differences both qualitatively and quantatively from essential oil composition reported in other countries. Hydrodistillation of Teucrium stocksianum yielded 0.4% (v/w), pale yellowish oil on dry basis. A total of 26 chemicals were identified by GC-MS accounting for 90.28% of the oil. The major components of essential oil were δ-cadinene (12.92%), α-pinene (10.3%), myrcene (8.64%), β-caryophyllene (8.23%), germacrene D (5.18%) and limonene (2.36%). Essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum has shown outstanding antinociceptive activity. It has been observed that increase in percent writhe inhibition (PWI) occurred from 20-80 mg/kg (b.w) and maximum writhe inhibition has been noted at a concentration of 80 mg/kg (b.w), but PWI decreased at 160 mg/kg, which may be due to some toxic effect of higher dose. ED50 value for Teucrium stocksianum was calculated as 31.5 ± 1.72415 mg/kg (b.w). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that there is a lot of variation in the composition of essential oil of Teucrium stocksianum boiss, which may be due to different climatic and experimental conditions. Secondly, the essential oil possesses strong antinociceptive activity and could be used in analgesic preparations especially for topical use.
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