1
|
Dungu AM, Lundgaard AT, Ryrsø CK, Hegelund MH, Jensen AV, Kristensen PL, Krogh-Madsen R, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Ostrowski SR, Banasik K, Lindegaard B. Inflammatory and endothelial host responses in community-acquired pneumonia: exploring the relationships with HbA1c, admission plasma glucose, and glycaemic gap-a cross-sectional study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372300. [PMID: 38840922 PMCID: PMC11150596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes is associated with dysregulated immune function and impaired cytokine release, while transient acute hyperglycaemia has been shown to enhance inflammatory cytokine release in preclinical studies. Although diabetes and acute hyperglycaemia are common among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the impact of chronic, acute, and acute-on-chronic hyperglycaemia on the host response within this population remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether chronic, acute, and acute-on- chronic hyperglycaemia are associated with distinct mediators of inflammatory, endothelial, and angiogenic host response pathways in patients with CAP. Methods In a cross-sectional study of 555 patients with CAP, HbA1c, admission plasma (p)-glucose, and the glycaemic gap (admission p-glucose minus HbA1c- derived average p-glucose) were employed as measures of chronic, acute, and acute-on-chronic hyperglycaemia, respectively. Linear regression was used to model the associations between the hyperglycaemia measures and 47 proteins involved in inflammation, endothelial activation, and angiogenesis measured at admission. The models were adjusted for age, sex, CAP severity, pathogen, immunosuppression, comorbidity, and body mass index. Adjustments for multiple testing were performed with a false discovery rate threshold of less than 0.05. Results The analyses showed that HbA1c levels were positively associated with IL-8, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-1RA, sFlt-1, and VEGF-C. Admission plasma glucose was also positively associated with these proteins and GM-CSF. The glycaemic gap was positively associated with IL-8, IL-15, IL-17A/F, IL-2, and VEGF-C. Conclusion In conclusion, chronic, acute, and acute-on-chronic hyperglycaemia were positively associated with similar host response mediators. Furthermore, acute and acute-on-chronic hyperglycaemia had unique associations with the inflammatory pathways involving GM-CSF and IL-2, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Matovu Dungu
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Agnete Troen Lundgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Koch Ryrsø
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Hein Hegelund
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Andreas Vestergaard Jensen
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Peter Lommer Kristensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carpi S, Quarta S, Doccini S, Saviano A, Marigliano N, Polini B, Massaro M, Carluccio MA, Calabriso N, Wabitsch M, Santorelli FM, Cecchini M, Maione F, Nieri P, Scoditti E. Tanshinone IIA and Cryptotanshinone Counteract Inflammation by Regulating Gene and miRNA Expression in Human SGBS Adipocytes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1029. [PMID: 37509065 PMCID: PMC10377153 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the adipose tissue contributes to the onset and progression of several chronic obesity-related diseases. The two most important lipophilic diterpenoid compounds found in the root of Salvia milthorrhiza Bunge (also called Danshen), tanshinone IIA (TIIA) and cryptotanshinone (CRY), have many favorable pharmacological effects. However, their roles in obesity-associated adipocyte inflammation and related sub-networks have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the gene, miRNAs and protein expression profile of prototypical obesity-associated dysfunction markers in inflamed human adipocytes treated with TIIA and CRY. The results showed that TIIA and CRY prevented tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced inflammatory response in adipocytes, by counter-regulating the pattern of secreted cytokines/chemokines associated with adipocyte inflammation (CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL1/GRO-α, IL-6, IL-8, MIF and PAI-1/Serpin E1) via the modulation of gene expression (as demonstrated for CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL1/GRO-α, and IL-8), as well as related miRNA expression (miR-126-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-132-3p), and by attenuating monocyte recruitment. This is the first demonstration of a beneficial effect by TIIA and CRY on adipocyte dysfunction associated with obesity development and complications, offering a new outlook for the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carpi
- Science of Health Department, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Quarta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Doccini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Marigliano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Calabriso
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wiciński M, Szwedowski D, Wróbel Ł, Jeka S, Zabrzyński J. The Influence of Body Mass Index on Growth Factor Composition in the Platelet-Rich Plasma in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:40. [PMID: 36612361 PMCID: PMC9819567 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An abnormally high body mass index is strongly associated with knee osteoarthritis. Usually, obese patients are excluded from clinical trials involving PRP intra-articular injections. Growth factors have been demonstrated to have a disease-modifying effect on KOA treatment, even though data on their influence on treatment effectiveness in obese patients are lacking. PURPOSE To prospectively compare the level of selected growth factors including transforming growth factor-b (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in obese patients and patients with normal BMI. METHODS A total of 49 patients were included in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The groups strongly differed in body mass index (median values 21.6 vs. 32.15). Concentrations of growth factors were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical significance was determined with the Mann-Whitney U test. The compliance of the distribution of the results with the normal distribution was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test separately for both groups. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in median marker levels between groups. Statistically significant Pearson correlations were observed between IGF-1 serum level and age (weak negative, r = -0.294, p = 0.041) and gender (moderate positive, r = 0.392, 0.005). CONCLUSIONS BMI does not influence the level of selected growth factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Obese and non-obese patients had similar compositions of PDGF, TGF-β, EGF, FGF-2, IGF-1, and VEGF. PRP can be used in both groups with similar effects associated with growth factors' influence on articular cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dawid Szwedowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Dr. A. Jurasza St. 2, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Orthopedic Arthroscopic Surgery International (O.A.S.I.) Bioresearch Foundation, Gobbi N.P.O., 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Łukasz Wróbel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jeka
- Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, University Hospital No. 2, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Zabrzyński
- Department of General Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Oncology and Trauma Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shiraseb F, Hosseininasab D, Mirzababaei A, Bagheri R, Wong A, Suzuki K, Mirzaei K. Red, white, and processed meat consumption related to inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers among overweight and obese women. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1015566. [PMID: 36438769 PMCID: PMC9684714 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1015566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering that a high meat intake is directly associated with obesity, it is critical to address the relationship between consuming different types of meat with inflammation and metabolism in overweight and obese cohorts. Thus, we evaluated the association between red, white, and processed meat consumption with inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in overweight and obese women. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 overweight and obese Iranian women. Dietary intake was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 147 items. The anthropometric measurements, serum lipid profile, and inflammatory markers were measured by standard protocols. All associations were assessed utilizing one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and linear regression models. RESULTS In the adjusted model, it was established that higher intake of processed meat had a significant positive association with leptin levels (β: 0.900, 95% CI: 0.031;1.233, p = 0.015). Moreover, after considering the confounders, a significant positive association between processed meat and macrophage inflammatory protein (MCP-1) levels was observed (β: 0.304, 95% CI:0.100;1.596, p = 0.025). Positive significant associations between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (β:0.020, 95% CI:0.000;0.050, P = 0.014) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) (β:0.263, 95% CI:0.112;0.345, p = 0.053) and MCP-1 (β:0.490, 95% CI: 0.175;1.464, p = 0.071) levels with red meat were also shown; while there was a significant negative association between red meat and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: -0.016, 95% CI: -0.022, -0.001, p = 0.033). Furthermore, a significant negative association were established following confounding adjustment between Galectin-3 (Gal-3) (β: -0.110, 95% CI: -0.271;0.000, p = 0.044), MCP-1 (β: -1.933, 95% CI: -3.721;0.192, p = 0.022) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: -0.011, 95% CI: -0.020,0.000, p = 0.070) levels with high adherence of white meat intake. In contrast, a significant marginally positive association between PAI-1 levels and high adherence to white meat intake (β: -0.340, 95% CI: -0.751;0.050, p = 0.070) has been shown. CONCLUSIONS Higher red and processed meat consumption were positively associated with inflammatory and metabolic markers in overweight and obese women. In contrast, negative relationships between high adherence to white meat and various inflammatory and metabolic parameters were established. Further studies are needed to confirm the causality of these associations and potential mediating pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorsa Hosseininasab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, United States
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rolim ME, Fortes MI, Von Frankenberg A, Duarte CK. Consumption of sourdough bread and changes in the glycemic control and satiety: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:801-816. [PMID: 35943419 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2108756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of clinical trials followed by meta-analysis, to evaluate the effect of sourdough bread on glycemic control and appetite and satiety regulators such as leptin, ghrelin, GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), GLP-2 (glucagon-like peptide-2), NPY (neuropeptide Y), AgRP (agouti-related protein), PYY (peptide YY), and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). Clinical trials compared the intake of sourdough bread to that of an industrially fermented one or control glucose solution in adults over 18 years of age. This systematic review included all randomized, parallel, or crossover trials published up to June 2021 in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. After the selection process, 18 studies were included. The analysis of the final average difference of the change in serum glucose after 60 minutes for the intervention indicated that the consumption of sourdough bread has a lower impact on blood glucose compared to that of industrial bread or glucose (MD = -0.29, IC 95% = [-0.46; -0.12]; I2 = 0%). The evaluation of blood glucose 120 minutes after the consumption of the intervention also indicated a lower increment in blood glucose when compared to the consumption of other types of bread or the same amount of glucose (MD = -0.21, IC 95% = [-0.32; -0.09]; I2 = 0%). The certainty of evidence varied from low to very low. The results showed that sourdough is effective in reducing the increment of postprandial glycemia, especially when prepared with whole wheat flour, although it does not reduce fasting serum insulin, nor does it change plasma PYY.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esther Rolim
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Fortes
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anize Von Frankenberg
- Post-graduation Program: Endocrinoly, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Camila Kümmel Duarte
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antuna-Puente B, Fellahi S, McAvoy C, Fève B, Bastard JP. Interleukins in adipose tissue: Keeping the balance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 542:111531. [PMID: 34910978 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the immune system is to defend the host and preserve the functionality in response to stress. This function is not limited to infection or injury as it also plays a role in the response to overnutrition. Indeed, low-grade chronic activation of the immune system associated with overnutrition may be deleterious, contributing importantly to diabetes and long-term complications, such as cardiovascular disorders. Increasing evidence shows that adipose tissue participates in the obesity-related inflammatory response and that interleukins are one of the key players, either as a pro-inflammatory response to the metabolic dysregulation or to restore homeostasis. The crosstalk between adipocytes and immune cells through some important interleukins and their role in metabolic disruption is the topic of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Antuna-Puente
- Infection Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Soraya Fellahi
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département de Biochimie-pharmacologie-biologie Moléculaire-génétique Médicale, Créteil, France; Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR S_938, 75012, Paris Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Chloé McAvoy
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de L'Est Parisien (URC-Est), Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine UMR S_938, 75012, Paris Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France; Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris -Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service D'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de L'Insulino-Sécrétion et de L'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), 75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bastard
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département de Biochimie-pharmacologie-biologie Moléculaire-génétique Médicale, Créteil, France; FHU-SENEC, INSERM U955 and Université Paris Est (UPEC), UMR U955, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
ROS/TNF-α Crosstalk Triggers the Expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 in Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells via the NF-κB and ERK1/2 Mediated Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910519. [PMID: 34638857 PMCID: PMC8508672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-8/MCP-1 act as neutrophil/monocyte chemoattractants, respectively. Oxidative stress emerges as a key player in the pathophysiology of obesity. However, it remains unclear whether the TNF-α/oxidative stress interplay can trigger IL-8/MCP-1 expression and, if so, by which mechanism(s). IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression was detected in lean, overweight, and obese individuals, 15 each, using immunohistochemistry. To detect the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/TNF-α synergy as a chemokine driver, THP-1 cells were stimulated with TNF-α, with/without H2O2 or hypoxia. Target gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR, proteins by flow cytometry/confocal microscopy, ROS by DCFH-DA assay, and signaling pathways by immunoblotting. IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression was significantly higher in obese/overweight. Furthermore, IL-8/MCP-1 mRNA/protein was amplified in monocytic cells following stimulation with TNF-α in the presence of H2O2 or hypoxia (p ˂ 0.0001). Synergistic chemokine upregulation was related to the ROS levels, while pre-treatments with NAC suppressed this chemokine elevation (p ≤ 0.01). The ROS/TNF-α crosstalk involved upregulation of CHOP, ERN1, HIF1A, and NF-κB/ERK-1,2 mediated signaling. In conclusion, IL-8/MCP-1 adipose expression is elevated in obesity. Mechanistically, ROS/TNF-α crosstalk may drive expression of these chemokines in monocytic cells by inducing ER stress, HIF1A stabilization, and signaling via NF-κB/ERK-1,2. NAC had inhibitory effect on oxidative stress-driven IL-8/MCP-1 expression, which may have therapeutic significance regarding meta-inflammation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mussa BM, Srivastava A, Al-Habshi A, Mohammed AK, Halwani R, Abusnana S. Inflammatory Biomarkers Levels in T2DM Emirati Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3389-3397. [PMID: 34345175 PMCID: PMC8323777 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s319863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have suggested the involvement of chronic low-grade inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy (DNP). However, none of these studies have examined the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with confirmed diagnosis of neuropathy. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the levels of MCP-1 along with IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-β in patients with T2DM and confirmed neuropathy and identify correlations, if any, between MCP-1 and other parameters. METHODS A single center cross-sectional clinical study was conducted at University Hospital Sharjah (UHS) and University of Sharjah. One hundred and two patients with T2DM were recruited from diabetes clinics at UHS and were stratified into different groups based on diagnosis of DNP and other parameters. Several analyses were conducted to evaluate and compare the levels of MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-β across these groups of patients and identify correlations, if any, between MCP-1 and other variables. RESULTS A significant increase was found in the levels of MCP-1 in T2DM patients with DNP compared to the patients without DNP (p=0.002, p-adj=0.007). Further analysis has shown that levels of IL-8 (p=0.008) and TGF-β (p=0.06) were increased and decreased, respectively, in patients with DNP compared to patients without DNP. Moreover, strong correlations were found between MCP-1, IL-8 and TGF-β levels. CONCLUSION The key finding of the present study is the significant elevation in levels of MCP-1 in T2DM patients with DNP compared to the patients without DNP and IL-8 and TGF-β were strong predictors of MCP-1 increased levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashair M Mussa
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: Bashair M Mussa Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesTel +971-65057220Fax +971-6558579 Email
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abeer Al-Habshi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salah Abusnana
- Clinical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al Heialy S, Gaudet M, Ramakrishnan RK, Mogas A, Salameh L, Mahboub B, Hamid Q. Contribution of IL-17 in Steroid Hyporesponsiveness in Obese Asthmatics Through Dysregulation of Glucocorticoid Receptors α and β. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1724. [PMID: 32849611 PMCID: PMC7417474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is on the rise worldwide and is one of the most common comorbidities of asthma. The chronic inflammation seen in obesity is believed to contribute to this process. Asthma and obesity are associated with a poorer prognosis, more frequent exacerbations, and poor asthma control to standard controller medication. Difficult-to-treat asthma is associated with increased levels of Th17 cytokines which have been shown to play a central role in the upregulation of glucocorticoid receptor-beta (GR-β), a dominant-negative inhibitor of the classical GR-α. In this study, we studied the role of IL-17 cytokines in steroid hyporesponsiveness in obese asthmatics. We stimulated lean and obese adipocytes with IL-17A and IL-17F. Adipocytes obtained from obese patients cultured in vitro in the presence of IL-17A for 48 h showed a decrease in GRα/GRβ ratio as compared to adipocytes from lean subjects where GR-α/GR-β ratio was increased following IL-17A and IL-17F stimulation. At protein level, GR-β was increased in obese adipocytes with IL-17A and IL-17F stimulation. IL-8 and IL-6 expression was increased in IL-17-stimulated obese adipocytes. Pre-incubation with Dexamethasone (Dexa) led to a decrease in GR-α/GR-β ratio in obese adipocytes which was further affected by IL-17A whereas Dexa led to an increase in GR-α/GR-β ratio in lean adipocytes which was decreased in response to IL-17A. TGF-β mRNA expression was decreased in obese adipocytes in response to Th17 cytokines. We next sought to validate these findings in obese asthmatic patients. Serum obtained from obese asthmatic subjects showed a decrease in GRα/GRβ protein expression with an increase in IL-17F and IL-13 as compared to serum obtained from non-obese asthmatics. In conclusion, steroid hyporesponsiveness in obese asthmatic patients can be attributed to Th17 cytokines which are responsible for the dysregulation of the GRα/GRβ ratio and the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Al Heialy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mellissa Gaudet
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rakhee K Ramakrishnan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andrea Mogas
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laila Salameh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Pulmonary Medicine Department, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Pulmonary Medicine Department, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Increased Adipose Tissue Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 in Obesity: Association with Metabolic Inflammation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111418. [PMID: 31718015 PMCID: PMC6912676 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-5 is known to be involved in M1 macrophage polarization, however, changes in the adipose expression of IRF5 in obesity and their relationship with the local expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines are unknown. Therefore, IRF5 gene expression was determined in the subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from 53 non-diabetic individuals (6 lean, 18 overweight, and 29 obese), using real-time RT-PCR. IRF5 protein expression was also assessed using immunohistochemistry and/or confocal microscopy. Adipose gene expression of signature immune metabolic markers was also determined and compared with adipose IRF5 gene expression. Systemic levels of C-reactive protein and adiponectin were measured by ELISA. The data show that adipose IRF5 gene (P = 0.008) and protein (P = 0.004) expression was upregulated in obese compared with lean individuals. IRF5 expression changes correlated positively with body mass index (BMI; r = 0.37/P = 0.008) and body fat percentage (r = 0.51/P = 0.0004). In obese, IRF5 changes associated positively with HbA1c (r = 0.41/P = 0.02). A good agreement was found between gene and protein expression of IRF5 in obese subjects (r = 0.65/P = 0.001). IRF5 gene expression associated positively with adipose inflammatory signatures including local expression of TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8, CCL-2/5, IL-1β, IL-18, CXCL-9/10, CCL7, CCR-1/2/5, TLR-2/7/8/9, IRF3, MyD88, IRAK-1, and inflammatory macrophage markers (P < 0.05). Interestingly, IRF5 gene expression correlated positively with CRP (r = 0.37, P = 0.03) and negatively with adiponectin levels (r = −0.43, P = 0.009). In conclusion, elevated adipose IRF5 expression in obesity concurs with the typical inflammatory signatures, locally and systemically. Hence, the IRF5 upregulation may represent a novel adipose tissue marker for metabolic inflammation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Caroleo M, Carbone EA, Greco M, Corigliano DM, Arcidiacono B, Fazia G, Rania M, Aloi M, Gallelli L, Segura-Garcia C, Foti DP, Brunetti A. Brain-Behavior-Immune Interaction: Serum Cytokines and Growth Factors in Patients with Eating Disorders at Extremes of the Body Mass Index (BMI) Spectrum. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1995. [PMID: 31450770 PMCID: PMC6770139 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the immune system are known in eating disorders (EDs), however the importance of cytokine balance in this context has not been clarified. We compared cytokines and growth factors at opposite ends of BMI ranges, in 90 patients classified in relation to BMI, depressive and EDs comorbidities. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were determined by a biochip analyzer (Randox Labs). Differences were calculated through ANOVA. Possible predictors of higher cytokine levels were evaluated through regression analysis. IL-1α, IL-10, EGF, and IFN-γ were altered individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and binge eating disorder (BED). Night-eating was associated with IL-8 and EGF levels, IL-10 concentrations with post-dinner eating and negatively with sweet-eating, long fasting with higher IFN-γ levels. IL-2 increase was not linked to EDs, but to the interaction of depression and BMI. Altogether, for the first time, IL-1α, IL-10, EGF, and IFN-γ were shown to differ between AN and HCs, and between AN and individuals with obesity with or without BED. Only IL-2 was influenced by depression. Dysfunctional eating behaviors predicted abnormal concentrations of IL-10, EGF, IL-8 and IFN-γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Caroleo
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Biagio Arcidiacono
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gilda Fazia
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marianna Rania
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Aloi
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Segura-Garcia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Circulating Monocyte and Lymphocyte Populations in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Fasting and during Short-Term Hyperinsulinemia. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1491083. [PMID: 30983877 PMCID: PMC6432732 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1491083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with disturbances of immune status that may be reflected by alterations of the profile of circulating immune cells. In order to study whether there exists genetic predisposition to these alterations, we investigated the relative content of circulating monocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations at fasting condition and upon stimulation by short-term hyperinsulinemia in nondiabetic first-degree relatives (FDR) of T2DM patients and in control subjects. Materials and Methods 19 nondiabetic (FDR) and 19 control subjects without a family history of diabetes (all men) matched for age and BMI underwent 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Blood samples taken before and at the end of the clamp were used for the flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte and monocyte populations and for the assessment of cytokine levels. Results At fasting conditions, FDR showed a higher CD4/CD8 ratio of peripheral lymphocytes, a higher percentage of Th17 lymphocytes, and a lower content of intermediate monocytes when compared to controls. The CD4/CD8 ratio correlated with fat mass, insulin, and HOMA-IR in the entire group of subjects. Hyperinsulinemia decreased a relative content of peripheral CD4+ and increased a relative content of CD8+ T lymphocytes, thus decreasing the CD4/CD8 ratio by 18-22% in both groups of subjects. In FDR but not in controls, the decrease of CD4+ T lymphocyte content was partially based on the decrease of TH2 and TH17 lymphocyte subpopulations. In control subjects but not in FDR, the number of intermediate monocytes has declined in response to hyperinsulinemia. Conclusion The alterations of the CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio, relative content of TH17 cells, and intermediate monocytes in FDR are features of genetic predisposition to T2DM and may play a role in pathogenesis of T2DM. Short-term hyperinsulinemia affected mostly the immune cell populations deregulated in FDR subjects, which suggests important interplay between immune system homeostasis and insulin levels.
Collapse
|
13
|
Xue W, Fan Z, Li L, Lu J, Zhai Y, Zhao J. The chemokine system and its role in obesity. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3336-3346. [PMID: 30375006 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine system is a complex arrangement of molecules that attract leukocytes to the site of injury or inflammation. This chemotactic behavior gives the system the name "Chemokine." The intricate and redundant nature of the chemokine system has made it a subject of ongoing scientific investigation. Obesity is characterized as low-grade systemic or chronic inflammation that is responsible for the release of cytokines, adipokines, and chemokines. Excessive tissue fat expansion triggers the release of chemokines, which in turn attract various leukocytes and activate the resident immune surveillance system, eventually leading to worsening of obesity and other related comorbidities. To date, 50 chemokines and 20 chemokine receptors that belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor family have been discovered, and over the past two decades, the physiological and pathological roles of many of these chemokines and their receptors have been elucidated. The objective of this review is to present an update on the link between chemokines and obesity under the light of recent knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunkai Zhai
- Center of Telemedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Digital Telemedicine Service, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Center of Telemedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Digital Telemedicine Service, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
d'Arqom A, Luangwedchakarn V, Umrod P, Wongprompitak P, Tantibhedyangkul W. Effects of 1α,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on Pro-inflammatory Cytokines of Palmitic Acid Treated Thp-1 Cells. J Food Sci 2017; 82:3013-3020. [PMID: 29193074 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The level of saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (PA), correlates with chronic inflammation in obese and metabolic syndrome patients. However, low level of vitamin D3 is observed in those conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate effects of 1α,25(OH)2 D3 on PA-treated THP-1 cells. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we measure mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and chemokine IL-8 under PA and 1α,25(OH)2 D3 influence. PA, at all concentrations (25-100 μM), enhanced LPS stimulatory effect on those mRNA expression compared to LPS-treated and -untreated cells. Combination with 1α,25(OH)2 D3 increased cytokine expression at high (10-6 M) and high-normal (10-8 M) concentrations compared to PA + LPS and LPS alone, both for 2 and 24 h. However, low-normal (10-10 M) and low (10-12 M) levels of 1α,25(OH)2 D3 could not enhance PA effect, but mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine was higher than LPS-treated cells. Upstream pathway of 1α,25(OH)2 D3 , which is cholecalciferol, also gave the similar result. Further, inhibition of calcium pathway does not play a role in this mechanism. Thus, these findings support pro-inflammatory effect of PA and vitamin D3 on innate immune response, especially on fat-induced inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The effect of vitamin D3 on chronic inflammation in obesity is uncertain. This study shows an in vitro possibility that vitamin D3 could exaggerate inflammation when combined with high SFAs. The idea of using vitamin D3 supplement to modulate inflammation in fat-related inflammation needs further refined experiments before its clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette d'Arqom
- Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol Univ., Bangkok, Thailand.,Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga Univ., Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Pinklow Umrod
- Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol Univ., Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wiwit Tantibhedyangkul
- Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol Univ., Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lopez-Candales A, Hernández Burgos PM, Hernandez-Suarez DF, Harris D. Linking Chronic Inflammation with Cardiovascular Disease: From Normal Aging to the Metabolic Syndrome. JOURNAL OF NATURE AND SCIENCE 2017; 3:e341. [PMID: 28670620 PMCID: PMC5488800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of clinical disorders including an unhealthy body habitus with a large waistline, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and hypertension. It is known that these disorders not only increase the chances of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but also cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, the co-occurrence of all these risk factors known as the MetS is linked to pathways sharing common underlying mediators and mechanisms. Though insulin resistance has been considered as the root of the problem to explain the conglomerate of metabolic abnormalities within this syndrome; new evidence points to several pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and free fatty acid intermediates might play an even greater role in regulating a series of intracellular signaling pathways sustain as well as perpetuate the development of the MetS and its CVD complications. Since having a diagnosis of MetS confers not only a 5-fold increase in the risk of T2DM, but also a 2-fold risk of developing CVD over a period of 5 to 10 years; it is vital to better recognize the mechanisms by which the MetS is associated with such adverse outcomes. Therefore, it is the purpose of this review to address (1) how inflammation modifies insulin sensitivity, (2) known factors believed to contribute to this process, and (3) new concepts of inflammatory markers in regulating the development of MetS and its individual components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Lopez-Candales
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - David Harris
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Al-Daghri NM, Al-Ajlan ASM, Alfawaz H, Yakout SM, Aljohani N, Kumar S, Alokail MS. Serum cytokine, chemokine and hormone levels in Saudi adults with pre-diabetes: a one-year prospective study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11587-11593. [PMID: 26617895 PMCID: PMC4637711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 5-10% of subjects with pre-diabetes eventually progress to diabetes every year. While inflammation is thought to be involved in the development of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the relation between inflammation and pre-diabetes remains largely unexplored. In this study we examined a comprehensive panel of 10 serum biomarkers involved in overweight and obese subjects with pre-diabetes. A total of 98 subjects (23 males, 75 females) were advised to reduce total intake of fat, increase fiber intake and physical activity. Serum cytokines, MCP and other hormones were assessed by multiplex cytokine profiling. Results show that CRP, IL-6, leptin, IL-10, MCP, resistin, serpin, and TNF-α were significantly lower after 12-months than baseline. Serum concentrations of other adipocytokines, including adipsin and leptin were modestly lower in the 12-month follow-up than baseline, but failed to reach statistical significance. Changes in HbA1c was found to be positively correlated with adipsin, CRP, IL-6, IL-10, resistin, serpin, and TNF-α. The results suggest that promotion of lifestyle changes for one year among overweight and obese subjects modestly changes several circulating inflammatory biomarkers which maybe favorable in reducing risk for T2DM progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Department of Biochemistry, Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman SM Al-Ajlan
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhy M Yakout
- Department of Biochemistry, Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji Aljohani
- Department of Biochemistry, Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Specialized Diabetes and Endocrine Center, College of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesRiyadh 22490, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudhesh Kumar
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire TrustCoventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Department of Biochemistry, Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lindegaard KK, Jorgensen NB, Just R, Heegaard PMH, Madsbad S. Effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on fasting and postprandial inflammation-related parameters in obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance and in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:12. [PMID: 25763111 PMCID: PMC4355543 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is characterized by low grade inflammation and an altered secretion of inflammatory cytokines from the adipose tissue. Weight loss has shown to reduce inflammation; however, changes in cytokine profiles during massive weight loss are not well described. The present study explored the hypothesis that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) reduces circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in obese normal glucose tolerant (NGT) subjects. METHODS Thirteen obese subjects with T2D [weight; 129 ± 14 kg, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); 7.0 ± 0.9%, body mass index (BMI); 43.2 ± 5.3 kg/m(2), mean ± SD] and twelve matched obese NGT subjects [weight; 127 ± 15 kg, HbA1c; 5.5 ± 0.4%, BMI; 41.5 ± 4.8 kg/m(2), mean ± SD] were examined before, one week, three months, and one year after surgery. Interleukin (IL)-6, leptin, adiponectin, IL-8, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured in the fasting state and during a liquid meal. Insulin resistance was evaluated by HOMA-IR. RESULTS Weight loss did not differ between the two groups. Before surgery, HbA1c was higher and HOMA-IR lower in T2D patients, however, converged to the values of NGT subjects one year after surgery. Circulating cytokine concentrations did not differ between the two groups at any time point. One week after surgery, circulating IL-6 and IL-8 were increased, while adiponectin and leptin were reduced compared with pre-surgical concentrations. Three months after surgery, IL-8 was increased, leptin was reduced, and no change was observed for IL-6, TGF-β, and adiponectin. One year after surgery, concentrations of IL-6, TGF-β, and leptin were significantly reduced compared to before surgery, while adiponectin was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS One year after RYGB, fasting concentrations of IL-6 and leptin were reduced, while no changes were observed in IL-8. TGF-β was decreased and adiponectin increased in both T2D and NGT obese subjects. This study is the first to examine IL-8 and TGF-β in obese subject after RYGB. Resolution of inflammation could offer a potential explanation for the health improvement associated with major weight loss after bariatric surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01579981).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Katrine Lindegaard
- />Zealand Pharma A/S, Smedeland 36, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- />Innate Immunology Group, The National Veterinary Institute, DTU, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nils Bruun Jorgensen
- />Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegård Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Just
- />Zealand Pharma A/S, Smedeland 36, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Peter MH Heegaard
- />Innate Immunology Group, The National Veterinary Institute, DTU, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- />Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegård Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kredel S, Wolff M, Gierschik P, Heilker R. Phenotypic analysis of chemokine-driven actin reorganization in primary human neutrophils. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2014; 12:120-8. [PMID: 24579814 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2013.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine-driven activation of CXC-type chemokine receptors 1/2 (CXCR1/2) and the subsequent reorganization of the neutrophilic actin are early key events in the induction of neutrophil migration toward centers of inflammation. In this study, an image analysis algorithm was developed to detect subtle chemokine-induced changes in the actin cytoskeleton of primary human neutrophils. By this means, a discrete early step of neutrophil activation was dissected that could be initiated by concentrations of growth-related oncogen α (Gro-α) or interleukin-8 (IL-8) just above their resting-state plasma levels. The associated half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values for Gro-α and IL-8 of 8 and 22 pM, respectively, are between two and three orders of magnitude below the so-far reported EC50 values of these chemokines for the induction of neutrophilic calcium release, integrin expression, degranulation, and receptor internalization. Sch527123, a known inhibitor of CXCR2 (KD=49 pM) and with a lower potency/affinity also of CXCR1 (KD=3.9 nM), antagonized actin remodeling with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 400 pM for the CXCR2-specific agonist Gro-α and of 36 nM for the CXCR1/2-promiscuous agonist IL-8. This observation indicates that the here-described early step of chemokine-driven actin reorganization is modulated by both CXCR1 and CXCR2. Thus, the imaging-based assay format, as developed in this work, may be employed in a phenotypic screening campaign to identify inhibitors of an early step in CXCR1/2-induced neutrophilic chemotaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kredel
- 1 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center , Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lucas R, Parikh SJ, Sridhar S, Guo DH, Bhagatwala J, Dong Y, Caldwell R, Mellor A, Caldwell W, Zhu H, Dong Y. Cytokine profiling of young overweight and obese female African American adults with prediabetes. Cytokine 2013; 64:310-5. [PMID: 23769592 PMCID: PMC4058336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 5-10% of subjects with prediabetes become diabetic every year. Inflammation is involved in the development of obesity-related type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, to date, the relationship between inflammation and prediabetes, defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥5.7 and <6.5%, remains largely unexplored, especially in African Americans. Therefore, in this study we examined a comprehensive panel of 13 cytokines involved in the inflammatory response in overweight/obese subjects with prediabetes. A total of 21 otherwise healthy, overweight/obese, young adult African American females with prediabetes, together with 20 matched overweight/obese controls, were selected for this study. Plasma cytokines were assessed by multiplex cytokine profiling. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, IL-7, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were significantly higher in the prediabetic group, as compared to the control group (all p<0.05). Plasma concentrations of all the other cytokines, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-13, seemed to be elevated in the prediabetic group, but failed to reach statistical significances. Upon merging both groups, HbA1c was found to be positively correlated with IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, TNF-α and GM-CSF. This study demonstrates elevated levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines in overweight/obese young subjects with prediabetes, which place them at higher risk of developing T2D and cardiovascular diseases. Our data also call for further investigations in animal models and population cohorts to establish the roles of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the early development of obesity-related T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Samip J. Parikh
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Prevention Center, Institute for Public and Preventive Health, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia
| | - Supriya Sridhar
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - De-Huang Guo
- Georgia Prevention Center, Institute for Public and Preventive Health, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jigar Bhagatwala
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
- Georgia Prevention Center, Institute for Public and Preventive Health, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yutong Dong
- Georgia Prevention Center, Institute for Public and Preventive Health, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ruth Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Andrew Mellor
- Immunotherapy Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Georgia Prevention Center, Institute for Public and Preventive Health, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Georgia Prevention Center, Institute for Public and Preventive Health, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Colak A, Akinci B, Diniz G, Turkon H, Ergonen F, Yalcin H, Coker I. Postload hyperglycemia is associated with increased subclinical inflammation in patients with prediabetes. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 73:422-7. [PMID: 23767858 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.798870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In this present study, we aimed: (i) To clarify if prediabetes is associated with subclinical inflammation independent of underlying obesity, and (ii) to evaluate the effect of postload glucose concentration on subclinical inflammation markers in a group of patients with elevated fasting glucose. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a cohort of 165 patients with newly detected fasting hyperglycemia, according to 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), subjects were classified either as newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (diabetes group, n = 40), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) plus impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (IFG/IGT group, n = 42) or IFG only (IFG group, n = 83). A control group (n = 47) consisted of age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy subjects with a normal OGTT. Circulating concentrations of lipids, insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured. HOMA index was calculated. RESULTS Subclinical inflammation markers were elevated in patients with diabetes and IFG/IGT compared to healthy controls and also IFG patients (diabetes vs. control: p < 0.05 for hsCRP, IL-8, and IL-6; IFG/IGT vs. control: p < 0.05 for hsCRP, and IL-6; diabetes vs. IFG: p < 0.05 for hsCRP, and IL-6; IFG/IGT vs. IFG: p < 0.05 for hsCRP, and IL-6). In multiple regression analysis, postload glucose concentration was independently associated with circulating hsCRP and IL-6 concentrations when the data was controlled for age, gender, BMI and lipid concentrations (p < 0.05 for hsCRP, and IL-6). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that patients with prediabetes, independent of underlying obesity, have increased concentrations of subclinical inflammation which is mostly driven by postload glucose concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayfer Colak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Choi HJ, Jeon SY, Hong WK, Jung SE, Kang HJ, Kim JW, Jeon JP, Han BG. Effect of glucose ingestion in plasma markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: analysis of 16 plasma markers from oral glucose tolerance test samples of normal and diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 99:e27-31. [PMID: 23410727 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen plasma markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured during OGTT in 54 subjects. Leptin, RBP4, CRP, OPN, ANG, MDC, and MCSF concentrations significantly decreased during OGTT (P<0.05). IL6, IL8, and MCP3 concentrations significantly increased during OGTT (P<0.05). These results provide evidence that glucose ingestion affects systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jin Choi
- Division of Biobank for Health Science, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul 122-701, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Simões C, Silva AC, Domingues P, Laranjeira P, Paiva A, Domingues MRM. Phosphatidylethanolamines Glycation, Oxidation, and Glycoxidation: Effects on Monocyte and Dendritic Cell Stimulation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 66:477-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
23
|
Blaak EE, Antoine JM, Benton D, Björck I, Bozzetto L, Brouns F, Diamant M, Dye L, Hulshof T, Holst JJ, Lamport DJ, Laville M, Lawton CL, Meheust A, Nilson A, Normand S, Rivellese AA, Theis S, Torekov SS, Vinoy S. Impact of postprandial glycaemia on health and prevention of disease. Obes Rev 2012; 13:923-84. [PMID: 22780564 PMCID: PMC3494382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial glucose, together with related hyperinsulinemia and lipidaemia, has been implicated in the development of chronic metabolic diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, available evidence is discussed on postprandial glucose in relation to body weight control, the development of oxidative stress, T2DM, and CVD and in maintaining optimal exercise and cognitive performance. There is mechanistic evidence linking postprandial glycaemia or glycaemic variability to the development of these conditions or in the impairment in cognitive and exercise performance. Nevertheless, postprandial glycaemia is interrelated with many other (risk) factors as well as to fasting glucose. In many studies, meal-related glycaemic response is not sufficiently characterized, or the methodology with respect to the description of food or meal composition, or the duration of the measurement of postprandial glycaemia is limited. It is evident that more randomized controlled dietary intervention trials using effective low vs. high glucose response diets are necessary in order to draw more definite conclusions on the role of postprandial glycaemia in relation to health and disease. Also of importance is the evaluation of the potential role of the time course of postprandial glycaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition & Toxicology Research and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - D Benton
- Department of Psychology, University of SwanseaWales, UK
| | - I Björck
- Division of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - L Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - F Brouns
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition & Toxicology Research and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Diamant
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Dye
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - T Hulshof
- Kellogg EuropeDen Bosch, the Netherlands
| | - J J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre of Basic Metabolic Research, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - D J Lamport
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - M Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Rhône-Alpes, Center for European Nutrition, Safety and Health, Centre Hospitalier Lyon SudLyon, France
| | - C L Lawton
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | | | - A Nilson
- Division of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - S Normand
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Rhône-Alpes, Center for European Nutrition, Safety and Health, Centre Hospitalier Lyon SudLyon, France
| | - A A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - S Theis
- Südzucker/BENEO GroupObrigheim, Germany
| | - S S Torekov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre of Basic Metabolic Research, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Vinoy
- Kraft Foods, R&D Centre, Nutrition DepartmentSaclay, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim JS, Lê KA, Mahurkar S, Davis JN, Goran MI. Influence of elevated liver fat on circulating adipocytokines and insulin resistance in obese Hispanic adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2012; 7:158-64. [PMID: 22434756 PMCID: PMC3767148 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2011.00014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed this study to examine the metabolic differences arising from higher liver fat accumulation in obese Hispanic adolescents, with a particular focus on circulating levels of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. METHODS Forty-one obese Hispanic adolescents (15.3 ± 1.0 years, body mass index percentile: 97.0 ± 3.9) were assessed for: visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) by magnetic resonance imaging; fasting measures of serum glucose, insulin and adipocytokines; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); and insulin sensitivity (SI) and the acute insulin response to glucose (AIR) by intravenous glucose tolerance test. Subjects with normal levels of HFF (below 5%; n = 25) were compared to those with HFF > 5% (n = 16). RESULTS The two groups differing in HFF were similar for total body fat, VAT and SAT. The group with HFF > 5% had significantly (P < 0.05) higher interleukin-8 (IL-8) (6.1 ± 1.6 vs. 3.2 ± 0.4 pg mL(-1) ), NGF (30.2 ± 9.9 vs. 13.9 ± 1.6 pg mL(-1) ), HOMA-IR (8.8 ± 1.1 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5), AIR (1869 ± 206 vs. 1092 ± 165) and a tendency for lower SI (1.2 ± 0.4 vs. 2.1 ± 0.3; P = 0.06), with no significant differences in any of other factors measured. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that elevated liver fat is most closely associated with elevated serum IL-8 and NGF levels as well as increased AIR and HOMA-IR. These elevated factors may play significant roles in the metabolic abnormalities associated with elevated liver fat in obese Hispanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - K.-A. Lê
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S. Mahurkar
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. N. Davis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M. I. Goran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Childhood Obesity Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Knudsen EC, Seljeflot I, Michael A, Eritsland J, Mangschau A, Müller C, Arnesen H, Andersen GØ. Increased levels of CRP and MCP-1 are associated with previously unknown abnormal glucose regulation in patients with acute STEMI: a cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:47. [PMID: 20809989 PMCID: PMC2940874 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of both atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes and some inflammatory markers may also predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The aims of the present study were to assess a potential association between circulating levels of inflammatory markers and hyperglycaemia measured during an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients without known diabetes, and to determine whether circulating levels of inflammatory markers measured early after an acute STEMI, were associated with the presence of abnormal glucose regulation classified by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at three-month follow-up in the same cohort. METHODS Inflammatory markers were measured in fasting blood samples from 201 stable patients at a median time of 16.5 hours after a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Three months later the patients performed a standardised OGTT. The term abnormal glucose regulation was defined as the sum of the three pathological glucose categories classified according to the WHO criteria (patients with abnormal glucose regulation, n = 50). RESULTS No association was found between inflammatory markers and hyperglycaemia measured during the acute STEMI. However, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) measured in-hospital were higher in patients classified three months later as having abnormal compared to normal glucose regulation (p = 0.031 and p = 0.016, respectively). High levels of CRP (≥ 75 percentiles (33.13 mg/L)) and MCP-1 (≥ 25 percentiles (190 ug/mL)) were associated with abnormal glucose regulation with an adjusted OR of 3.2 (95% CI 1.5, 6.8) and 7.6 (95% CI 1.7, 34.2), respectively. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of CRP and MCP-1 measured in patients early after an acute STEMI were associated with abnormal glucose regulation classified by an OGTT at three-month follow-up. No significant associations were observed between inflammatory markers and hyperglycaemia measured during the acute STEMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Knudsen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abdelnoor Michael
- Center of Clinical Research, Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Eritsland
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Mangschau
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carl Müller
- Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Ø Andersen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ruotsalainen E, Stancáková A, Vauhkonen I, Salmenniemi U, Pihlajamäki J, Punnonen K, Laakso M. Changes in cytokine levels during acute hyperinsulinemia in offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. Atherosclerosis 2009; 210:536-41. [PMID: 20031127 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in the levels of cytokines and adhesion molecules in response to acute hyperinsulinemia in the offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. METHODS Forty healthy offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects and 19 control offspring of healthy parents were included in the study. Twenty offspring had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and twenty offspring impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin sensitivity was determined by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and insulin secretion with the intravenous glucose tolerance test. The levels of cytokines and adhesion molecules were measured before and at the end of the clamp. RESULTS Acute hyperinsulinemia induced by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp reduced the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-18 in healthy controls but not in the offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects having NGT or IGT. In response to insulin, levels of hs-CRP decreased and levels of IL-6 increased significantly in all study groups. The levels of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-Selectin) remained unchanged in response to hyperinsulinemia. CONCLUSIONS The suppression of cytokine levels (particularly proinflammatory cytokines) during acute hyperinsulinemia observed in healthy controls was not present in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients. This emphasizes the crucial role of low-grade inflammation in insulin resistance in subjects with high risk of developing diabetes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Du X, Zhu B, Hu G, Mao W, Wang S, Zhang H, Wang F, Shi Z. U-shape association between white blood cell count and the risk of diabetes in young Chinese adults. Diabet Med 2009; 26:955-60. [PMID: 19900225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low-grade inflammation is related to diabetes risk in population studies. Elevated levels of white blood cells (WBC) were related to the risk of diabetes in cross-sectional studies in the Chinese population. The objective of the study is to assess the prospective association between WBC and the risk of diabetes in the Chinese population. METHODS We examined 7445 manual workers aged 18-59 years free from diabetes at baseline. Fasting glucose concentrations and white cell count were measured at annual health examinations from 1997 to 2007. Anthropometric measurements were taken by health workers. In the present study, each participant had at least two measurements of fasting blood glucose. RESULTS During a mean of 4.94 years follow-up, 178 participants developed diabetes. After controlling for known risk factors for diabetes (age, gender, smoking, drinking, parental history of diabetes, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, hepatitis B surface antigen and liver function), a U-shaped association between WBC count and diabetes was found. The hazard ratios (HR) of diabetes across quartiles of WBC count were 1.87 (95% CI 1.15-3.05), 1.00, 1.46 (0.88-2.42) and 2.04 (1.28-3.25). The association was stronger among non-smokers: compared with the second quartile, the HR of diabetes for the first and fourth quartiles of WBC were 3.00 (1.28-7.03) and 3.16 (1.33-7.53). Adjusting for hepatitis B virus infection and liver function did not change the association. CONCLUSION Both low and high levels of WBC count were associated with an increased risk of diabetes in young workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Du
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jinling Petrochemical Company, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Neels JG, Badeanlou L, Hester KD, Samad F. Keratinocyte-derived chemokine in obesity: expression, regulation, and role in adipose macrophage infiltration and glucose homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:20692-8. [PMID: 19494115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.018556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese adipose tissue (AT) is associated with chronic inflammation, and we hypothesized that the keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), the mouse ortholog of human interleukin-8, plays a role in obesity-mediated AT inflammation and the subsequent manifestation of insulin resistance. KC expression is increased in the AT and plasma of genetically (ob/ob) and high fat diet-induced obese mouse models, and this increase may be mediated by the elevated leptin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels associated with obesity. Obesity-induced KC expression occurs primarily in stromal vascular cells and not in adipocytes, and it is high in preadipocytes and decreases during adipogenesis. Although KC has no effect on adipogenesis, it induces adipocyte expression of inflammatory factors and the insulin resistance mediator, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. Using chimeric mice deficient in the KC receptor CXCR2 in their bone marrow, we show that the lack of CXCR2 in hematopoietic cells is sufficient to protect from adipose and skeletal muscle macrophage recruitment and development of insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. These studies suggest that KC and its receptor CXCR2 are potential targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches for treatment of obesity-related insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and related cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaap G Neels
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wurm S, Neumeier M, Weigert J, Wanninger J, Gerl M, Gindner A, Schäffler A, Aslanidis C, Schölmerich J, Buechler C. Insulin induces monocytic CXCL8 secretion by the mitogenic signalling pathway. Cytokine 2008; 44:185-90. [PMID: 18789871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral glucose uptake alters the function of immune cells and an elevation of systemic CXCL8 was described. Monocytes secrete high amounts of CXCL8 and therefore it was analyzed whether glucose or insulin upregulate monocytic CXCL8 release. Incubation of monocytes with insulin for 2h induced CXCL8 mRNA and secretion whereas glucose had no effect. Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by wortmannin or the mammalian target of rapamycin by rapamycin did not influence insulin-mediated CXCL8 induction. In contrast, blockage of the ERK-specific MAP kinase MEK with PD98059, that prevents phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2, abrogated insulin-induced CXCL8 release in primary monocytes. To investigate the in vivo effect of oral glucose uptake, monocytes of healthy probands were isolated in the fasted state and 2h after glucose ingestion and CXCL8 mRNA and protein were increased in the latter. CXCL8 was also higher when determined in the cell lysate of leukocytes 2h after glucose uptake whereas plasma CXCL8 levels were significantly reduced. In summary, these data indicate that oral glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive adults is associated with elevated monocytic and reduced systemic CXCL8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Wurm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Brennan AL, Gyi KM, Wood DM, Johnson J, Holliman R, Baines DL, Philips BJ, Geddes DM, Hodson ME, Baker EH. Airway glucose concentrations and effect on growth of respiratory pathogens in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2007; 6:101-9. [PMID: 16844431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary decline accelerates in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) proportional to severity of glucose intolerance, but mechanisms are unclear. In people without CF, airway glucose (AG) concentrations are elevated when blood glucose (BG)> or =8 mmol L(-1) (airway threshold), and are associated with acquisition of respiratory infection. METHODS To determine the relationship between BG and AG, 40 CF patients underwent paired BG and AG (nasal) measurements. Daily time with BG>airway threshold was compared in 10 CFRD, 10 CF patients with normal glucose tolerance (CF-NGT) and 10 healthy volunteers by continuous BG monitoring. The effect of glucose at airway concentrations on bacterial growth was determined in vitro by optical densitometry. RESULTS AG was present more frequently (85%-vs.-19%, p<0.0001) and at higher concentrations (0.5-3 mmol L(-1)-vs.-0.5-1 mmol L(-1), p<0.0001) when BG was > or =8 mmol L(-1)-vs.-<8 mmol L(-1). Daily time with BG> or =8 mmol L(-1) was CFRD (49+/-25%), CF-NGT (6+/-5%), healthy volunteers (1+/-3%), p<0.0001. Staphylococcus aureus growth increased at > or =0.5 mmol L(-1) (p=0.006) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth above 1-4 mmol L(-1) glucose (p=0.039). CONCLUSIONS BG> or =8 mmol L(-1) predicted elevated AG concentrations in CF, at least in nasal secretions. CFRD patients spent approximately 50% day with BG>airway threshold, implying persistently elevated AG concentrations. Further studies are required to determine whether elevated airway glucose concentrations contribute to accelerated pulmonary decline in CFRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Brennan
- Glucose and Pulmonary Infection Group, St George's, University of London, Room 66, Ground Floor Jenner Wing, Cardiac and Vascular Sciences (Respiratory), Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kempf K, Rose B, Herder C, Kleophas U, Martin S, Kolb H. Inflammation in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: Impact of dietary glucose. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1084:30-48. [PMID: 17151291 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1372.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic overnutrition combined with a lack of exercise is the main cause for the rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. It seems accepted that adipositis (macrophage infiltration and inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity) and systemic low grade inflammation affect the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, modern weight reduction programs additionally focus on strategies to attenuate the inflammation state. Exercise is one major factor, which contributes to the reduction of both the incidence of T2DM and inflammation, and the immunomodulatory effects of exercise are supported by similarly beneficial effects of dietary changes. In this context, glucose is the most extensively studied nutrient and current investigations focus on postprandial glucose-induced inflammation, one possible reason why hyperglycemia is detrimental. Indeed, glucose may modulate the mRNA expression and serum concentrations of immune parameters but these alterations rapidly normalize in normoglycemic subjects. In case of an impaired metabolic state, however, postprandial hyperglycemia increases magnitude and duration of systemic inflammatory responses, which probably promotes the development of T2DM and of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Kempf
- German Diabetes Clinic, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Baker EH, Wood DM, Brennan AL, Clark N, Baines DL, Philips BJ. Hyperglycaemia and pulmonary infection. Proc Nutr Soc 2007; 65:227-35. [PMID: 16923307 DOI: 10.1079/pns2006499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathophysiological stress from acute illness causes metabolic disturbance, including altered hepatic glucose metabolism, increased peripheral insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia. Acute hyperglycaemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients in intensive care units and patients with acute respiratory disease. The present review will consider mechanisms underlying this association. In normal lungs the glucose concentration of airway secretions is approximately 10-fold lower than that of plasma. Low airway glucose concentrations are maintained against a concentration gradient by active glucose transport. Airway glucose concentrations become elevated if normal homeostasis is disrupted by a rise in blood glucose concentrations or inflammation of the airway epithelium. Elevated airway glucose concentrations are associated with and precede increased isolation of respiratory pathogens, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, from bronchial aspirates of patients intubated on intensive care. Markers of elevated airway glucose are associated with similar patterns of respiratory infection in patients admitted with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Glucose at airway concentrations stimulates the growth of respiratory pathogens, over and above the effect of other nutrients. Elevated airway glucose concentrations may also worsen respiratory disease by promoting local inflammation. Hyperglycaemia may thus promote pulmonary infection, at least in part, by an effect on airway glucose concentrations. Therapeutic options, including systemic control of blood glucose and local manipulation of airway glucose homeostasis, will be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Baker
- Glucose and Pulmonary Infection Group, Cardiac and Vascular Sciences (Respiratory), St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The endocrine functions of the adipose organ are widely studied at this stage. The adipose organ, and in particular adipocytes, communicate with almost all other organs. Although some adipose tissue pads assume the functions as distinct "miniorgans," adipocytes can also be present in smaller numbers interspersed with other cell types. Although fat pads have the potential to have a significant systemic impact, adipocytes may also affect neighboring tissues through paracrine interactions. These local or systemic effects are mediated through lipid and protein factors. The protein factors are commonly referred to as adipokines. Their expression and posttranslational modifications can undergo dramatic changes under different metabolic conditions. Due to the fact that none of the mutations that affect adipose tissue trigger embryonic lethality, the study of adipose tissue physiology lends itself to genetic analysis in mice. In fact, life in the complete absence of adipose tissue is possible in a laboratory setting, making even the most extreme adipose tissue phenotypes genetically amenable to be analyzed by disruption of specific genes or overexpression of others. Here, we briefly discuss some basic aspects of adipocyte physiology and the systemic impact of adipocyte-derived factors on energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Trujillo
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Crowther NJ, Ferris WF, Ojwang PJ, Rheeder P. The effect of abdominal obesity on insulin sensitivity and serum lipid and cytokine concentrations in African women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006; 64:535-41. [PMID: 16649973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have shown clear associations of abdominal obesity with lipid and glucose metabolism and cytokine levels in a number of different population groups. However, no such studies have been performed in an African population in which visceral adipose tissue levels have been shown to be lower than in European subjects. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Cross-sectional analysis in 124 African women. MEASUREMENTS Fasting serum samples were taken from all subjects and anthropometric measurements obtained. Blood levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-18 were measured. Subjects were separated into normal and abnormal glucose tolerant groups and into tertiles according to waist circumference (WC). Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). RESULTS Abnormal glucose-tolerant subjects had higher WC, glucose and HOMA levels than the normal glucose-tolerant group. Increased WC was associated with higher triglyceride, insulin and HOMA levels and lower HDL levels. Multiple regression analyses showed that WC associated positively with HOMA and serum triglyceride levels and negatively with HDL levels. IL18 was a positive but weak determinant of the HOMA level and BMI correlated positively with serum IL-6 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Although previous studies have shown that African subjects have a lower visceral adipose depot size than European subjects, abdominal obesity is still associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. The association between abdominal obesity and metabolic dysfunction within this population is not dependent upon IL-6, IL-8 or IL-18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Herder C, Haastert B, Müller-Scholze S, Koenig W, Thorand B, Holle R, Wichmann HE, Scherbaum WA, Martin S, Kolb H. Association of systemic chemokine concentrations with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes: results from the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg Survey S4 (KORA S4). Diabetes 2005; 54 Suppl 2:S11-7. [PMID: 16306328 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.suppl_2.s11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are crucial immune mediators in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Chemokines have been hypothesized to be involved in macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue in obesity and might therefore play an important role in the development of obesity-related disorders like type 2 diabetes. Out of 1,653 individuals aged 55-74 years participating in a population-based survey in southern Germany (the Kooperative Gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg [KORA] [Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg] Survey S4, 1999-2001), 236 individuals with type 2 diabetes, 242 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 244 normoglycemic control subjects were studied for circulating concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8; RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted); interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), and eotaxin. Systemic concentrations of RANTES were higher in individuals with IGT or type 2 diabetes than in control subjects, whereas IL-8 levels were elevated in type 2 diabetic patients only (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). IP-10 and eotaxin were not significantly associated with IGT or type 2 diabetes. Adjustment for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, uric acid, C-reactive protein, and IL-6 did not alter these findings. Our findings indicate that RANTES and IL-8 may be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes independent of metabolic syndrome-related risk factors and of each other. There is no general upregulation of chemokine production in type 2 diabetes, but rather an association of the disease with specific members of the chemokine family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herder
- German Diabetes Clinic, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich-Heine University, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cancello R, Tounian A, Poitou C, Clément K. Adiposity signals, genetic and body weight regulation in humans. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2004; 30:215-27. [PMID: 15223973 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Numerous signals convey information about body fat status from the periphery to the brain areas that control energy homeostasis so that, throughout life, body weight remains nearly stable. These signals mainly originate, either from the adipose tissue, like leptin and to a lesser extent interleukin 6, or from the pancreas, like insulin and amylin. These factors circulate in proportion to body fat mass and they are referred to as "adiposity signals". It is well established, at least for leptin and insulin, that they enter the brain from the plasma where they induce/repress a network of important neuropeptide regulators of energy intake and expenditure. Beside these endocrine signals, a growing amount of literature show data relative to adipocyte-derived molecules, most of them belonging to the cytokine family, like IL6, TNFalpha, IL8, IL10 whose secretion also correlates with body fat mass and that may locally regulate fat mass expansion. Others, like adiponectin, are negatively correlated with body fat mass. These "adiposity molecules" have already been involved in insulin resistance associated with obesity and inflammatory process. They may participate to a complex inter organ dialogue. In this review, we will synthesize data relative to the role played by insulin, leptin and amylin, either alone or through a cross talk, in "energy level sensing" at the brain level. Furthermore, we will develop how "adiposity molecules" through their paracrin and/or autocrin action may contribute to maintain fat mass expansion, therefore representing new adiposity molecules per se. Lastly, since any distortion in the metabolic circuitry of energy homeostasis is susceptible to lead to a pathological status like obesity, the impact of known genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding the adiposity signals will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Cancello
- EA3502, et INSERM Avenir, Laboratoire de nutrition, Service de nutrition Hôtel Dieu, 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75181 Paris Cedex 04, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ohshita K, Yamane K, Hanafusa M, Mori H, Mito K, Okubo M, Hara H, Kohno N. Elevated white blood cell count in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:491-6. [PMID: 14747234 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.2.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) differ in their risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, but previous cross-sectional studies have suggested little difference in their levels of lipids or blood pressure. We compared the white blood cell (WBC) count between subjects with IFG and IGT. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The subjects were 4,720 nondiabetic Japanese men aged 24-84 years. Based on the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, the subjects were classified into the following four groups: normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance (n = 3,753), isolated IFG (n = 290), isolated IGT (n = 476), and IFG/IGT (n = 201). We compared the WBC count among the four groups and investigated variables that showed a significant association with the WBC count. RESULTS The isolated IGT group had a significantly higher WBC count than the isolated IFG group (6,530 vs. 6,210/mm(3), P < 0.05). By stepwise analyses, age, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting insulin, and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose (PG) showed an independent association with the WBC count (adjusted R(2) = 0.057). In the analysis stratified by smoking status, the WBC count was independently associated with 2-h PG and triglycerides, irrespective of smoking status. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with isolated IGT had a significantly higher WBC count than those with isolated IFG. The WBC count was associated with 2-h PG and various components of the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Ohshita
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fisman EZ, Motro M, Tenenbaum A. Cardiovascular diabetology in the core of a novel interleukins classification: the bad, the good and the aloof. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2003; 2:11. [PMID: 14525620 PMCID: PMC212422 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2003] [Accepted: 09/12/2003] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impressive correlation between cardiovascular disease and glucose metabolism alterations has raised the likelihood that atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes may share common antecedents. Inflammation is emerging as a conceivable etiologic mechanism for both. Interleukins are regulatory proteins with ability to accelerate or inhibit inflammatory processes. Presentation of the hypothesis A novel interleukins classification is described, based on their role in diabetes and atherosclerosis, hypothesizing that each interleukin (IL) acts on both diseases in the same direction – regardless if harmful, favorable or neutral. Testing the hypothesis The 29 known interleukins were clustered into three groups: noxious (the "bad", 8 members), comprising IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-17 and IL-18; protective (the "good", 5 members), comprising IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12 and IL-13; and "aloof", comprising IL-5, IL-9, IL-14, IL-16 and IL-19 through IL-29 (15 members). Each group presented converging effects on both diseases. IL-3 was reluctant to clustering. Implications These observations imply that 1) favorable effects of a given IL on either diabetes or atherosclerosis predicts similar effects on the other; 2) equally, harmful IL effects on one disease can be extrapolated to the other; and 3) absence of influence of a given IL on one of these diseases forecasts lack of effects on the other. These facts further support the unifying etiologic theory of both ailments, emphasizing the importance of a cardiovascular diabetologic approach to interleukins for future research. Pharmacologic targeting of these cytokines might provide an effective means to simultaneously control both atherosclerosis and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Z Fisman
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Motro
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Tenenbaum
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|