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Kane F, Toure M, Sogoba N, Traore B, Keita M, Konate D, Diawara SI, Sanogo D, Keita S, Sanogo I, Doumbia CO, Keïta B, Traoré AS, Sissoko I, Coulibaly H, Thiam SM, Barry A, Shaffer JG, Diakite M, Doumbia S. Modeling clinical malaria episodes in different ecological settings in Mali, 2018-2022. IJID REGIONS 2024; 10:24-30. [PMID: 38076024 PMCID: PMC10698665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Following the scaling-up of malaria control strategies in Mali, understanding the changes in age-specific prevalence of infection and risk factors associated with remains necessary to determine new priorities to progress toward disease elimination. This study aimed to estimate the risk of clinical malaria using longitudinal data across three different transmission settings in Mali. Methods Cohort-based longitudinal studies were performed from April 2018 to December 2022. Incidence of malaria was measured through community health center-based passive case detection. Generalized estimation equation model was used to assess risk factors for clinical malaria. Results A total of 21,453 clinical presentations were reported from 4500 participants, mainly from July to November. Data shows a significant association between malaria episodes, sex, age group, season, and year. Women had lower risk, the risk of clinical episode increased with age up to 14 years then declined, and in both sites, the dry-season risk of clinical episode was significantly lower compared to the rainy season. Conclusion Determining factors associated with the occurrence of clinical malaria across different ecological settings across the country could help in the development of new strategies aiming to accelerate malaria elimination in an area where malaria transmission remains intense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fousseyni Kane
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamoudou Toure
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Nafomon Sogoba
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourama Traore
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Moussa Keita
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Drissa Konate
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sory Ibrahim Diawara
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Daouda Sanogo
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Soumba Keita
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ibrahim Sanogo
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Cheick Oumar Doumbia
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourama Keïta
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Sekou Traoré
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ibrahim Sissoko
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Hamady Coulibaly
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sidibé M'Baye Thiam
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alyssa Barry
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) and School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jeffey G. Shaffer
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mahamadou Diakite
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- West African International Center for Excellence in Malaria Research, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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Katile A, Sagara I, Cissoko M, Bationo CS, Dolo M, Thera I, Traore S, Kone M, Dembele P, Bocoum D, Sidibe I, Simaga I, Sissoko MS, Landier J, Gaudart J. Spatio-Temporal Variability of Malaria Incidence in the Health District of Kati, Mali, 2015-2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14361. [PMID: 36361240 PMCID: PMC9656757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the implementation of control strategies at the national scale, the malaria burden remains high in Mali, with more than 2.8 million cases reported in 2019. In this context, a new approach is needed, which accounts for the spatio-temporal variability of malaria transmission at the local scale. This study aimed to describe the spatio-temporal variability of malaria incidence and the associated meteorological and environmental factors in the health district of Kati, Mali. METHODS Daily malaria cases were collected from the consultation records of the 35 health areas of Kati's health district, for the period 2015-2019. Data on rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, the normalized difference vegetation index, air pressure, and land use-land cover were extracted from open-access remote sensing sources, while data on the Niger River's height and flow were obtained from the National Department of Hydraulics. To reduce the dimension and account for collinearity, strongly correlated meteorological and environmental variables were combined into synthetic indicators (SI), using a principal component analysis. A generalized additive model was built to determine the lag and the relationship between the main SIs and malaria incidence. The transmission periods were determined using a change-point analysis. High-risk clusters (hotspots) were detected using the SatScan method and were ranked according to risk level, using a classification and regression tree analysis. RESULTS The peak of the malaria incidence generally occurred in October. Peak incidence decreased from 60 cases per 1000 person-weeks in 2015, to 27 cases per 1000 person-weeks in 2019. The relationship between the first SI (river flow and height, relative humidity, and rainfall) and malaria incidence was positive and almost linear. A non-linear relationship was found between the second SI (air pressure and temperature) and malaria incidence. Two transmission periods were determined per year: a low transmission period from January to July-corresponding to a persisting transmission during the dry season-and a high transmission period from July to December. The spatial distribution of malaria hotspots varied according to the transmission period. DISCUSSION Our study confirmed the important variability of malaria incidence and found malaria transmission to be associated with several meteorological and environmental factors in the Kati district. The persistence of malaria during the dry season and the spatio-temporal variability of malaria hotspots reinforce the need for innovative and targeted strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Katile
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, UMR1252, Faculty of Medicine, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako BP 423, Mali
| | - Issaka Sagara
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, UMR1252, Faculty of Medicine, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako BP 423, Mali
| | - Mady Cissoko
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, UMR1252, Faculty of Medicine, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako BP 423, Mali
| | - Cedric Stephane Bationo
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, UMR1252, Faculty of Medicine, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Mathias Dolo
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako BP 423, Mali
| | - Ismaila Thera
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako BP 423, Mali
| | - Siriman Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako BP 423, Mali
| | - Mamady Kone
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako BP 423, Mali
| | - Pascal Dembele
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Bamako BP 233, Mali
| | - Djoouro Bocoum
- Direction Nationale de L’Hydraulique, Bamako BP 66, Mali
| | | | - Ismael Simaga
- Centre de Santé de Référence du District Sanitaire de Kati, Région de Koulikoro, Kati BP 594, Mali
| | - Mahamadou Soumana Sissoko
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako BP 423, Mali
| | - Jordi Landier
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, UMR1252, Faculty of Medicine, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Gaudart
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), FMOS-FAPH, Mali-NIAID-ICER, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Bamako BP 423, Mali
- APHM, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, ISSPAM, UMR1252, Hop Timone, BioSTIC, Biostatistic & ICT, Faculty of Medicine, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
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Hydrological Scenarios and Malaria Incidence in the Amazonian Context. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, approximately 99% of malaria cases are concentrated in the Amazon region. An acute febrile infectious disease, malaria is closely related to climatic and hydrological factors. Environmental variables such as rainfall, flow, level, and color of rivers, the latter associated with the suspended sediment concentration, are important factors that can affect the dynamics of the incidence of some infectious diseases, including malaria. This study explores the possibility that malaria incidence is influenced by precipitation, fluctuations in river levels, and suspended sediment concentration. The four studied municipalities are located in two Brazilian states (Amazonas and Pará) on the banks of rivers with different hydrological characteristics. The results suggest that precipitation and river level fluctuations modulate the seasonal pattern of the disease and evidence the existence of delayed effects of river floods on malaria incidence. The seasonality of the disease has a different influence in each municipality studied. However, municipalities close to rivers with the same characteristic color of waters (as a function of the concentration of suspended sediments) have similar responses to the disease.
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Hyde E, Bonds MH, Ihantamalala FA, Miller AC, Cordier LF, Razafinjato B, Andriambolamanana H, Randriamanambintsoa M, Barry M, Andrianirinarison JC, Andriamananjara MN, Garchitorena A. Estimating the local spatio-temporal distribution of malaria from routine health information systems in areas of low health care access and reporting. Int J Health Geogr 2021; 20:8. [PMID: 33579294 PMCID: PMC7879399 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-021-00262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable surveillance systems are essential for identifying disease outbreaks and allocating resources to ensure universal access to diagnostics and treatment for endemic diseases. Yet, most countries with high disease burdens rely entirely on facility-based passive surveillance systems, which miss the vast majority of cases in rural settings with low access to health care. This is especially true for malaria, for which the World Health Organization estimates that routine surveillance detects only 14% of global cases. The goal of this study was to develop a novel method to obtain accurate estimates of disease spatio-temporal incidence at very local scales from routine passive surveillance, less biased by populations' financial and geographic access to care. METHODS We use a geographically explicit dataset with residences of the 73,022 malaria cases confirmed at health centers in the Ifanadiana District in Madagascar from 2014 to 2017. Malaria incidence was adjusted to account for underreporting due to stock-outs of rapid diagnostic tests and variable access to healthcare. A benchmark multiplier was combined with a health care utilization index obtained from statistical models of non-malaria patients. Variations to the multiplier and several strategies for pooling neighboring communities together were explored to allow for fine-tuning of the final estimates. Separate analyses were carried out for individuals of all ages and for children under five. Cross-validation criteria were developed based on overall incidence, trends in financial and geographical access to health care, and consistency with geographic distribution in a district-representative cohort. The most plausible sets of estimates were then identified based on these criteria. RESULTS Passive surveillance was estimated to have missed about 4 in every 5 malaria cases among all individuals and 2 out of every 3 cases among children under five. Adjusted malaria estimates were less biased by differences in populations' financial and geographic access to care. Average adjusted monthly malaria incidence was nearly four times higher during the high transmission season than during the low transmission season. By gathering patient-level data and removing systematic biases in the dataset, the spatial resolution of passive malaria surveillance was improved over ten-fold. Geographic distribution in the adjusted dataset revealed high transmission clusters in low elevation areas in the northeast and southeast of the district that were stable across seasons and transmission years. CONCLUSIONS Understanding local disease dynamics from routine passive surveillance data can be a key step towards achieving universal access to diagnostics and treatment. Methods presented here could be scaled-up thanks to the increasing availability of e-health disease surveillance platforms for malaria and other diseases across the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hyde
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew H Bonds
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- NGO PIVOT, Ranomafana, Madagascar
| | - Felana A Ihantamalala
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- NGO PIVOT, Ranomafana, Madagascar
| | - Ann C Miller
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marius Randriamanambintsoa
- Direction de La Démographie et des Statistiques Sociales, Institut National de La Statistique, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Michele Barry
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Andres Garchitorena
- NGO PIVOT, Ranomafana, Madagascar.
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
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Wolfarth-Couto B, Filizola N, Durieux L. Seasonal pattern of malaria cases and the relationship with hydrologic variability in the Amazonas State, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2020; 23:e200018. [PMID: 32159628 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria is an infectious disease of high transmission in the Amazon region, but its dynamics and spatial distribution may vary depending on the interaction of environmental, socio-cultural, economic, political and health services factors. OBJECTIVE To verify the existence of malaria case patterns in consonance with the fluviometric regimes in Amazon basin. METHOD Methods of descriptive and inferential statistics were used in malaria and water level data for 35 municipalities in the Amazonas State, in the period from 2003 to 2014. RESULTS The existence of a tendency to modulate the seasonality of malaria cases due to distinct periods of rivers flooding has been demonstrated. Differences were observed in the annual hydrological variability accompanied by different patterns of malaria cases, showing a trend of remodeling of the epidemiological profile as a function of the flood pulse. CONCLUSION The study suggests the implementation of regional and local strategies considering the hydrological regimes of the Amazon basin, enabling municipal actions to attenuate the malaria in the Amazonas State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Wolfarth-Couto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clima e Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Manaus (AM), Brasil
| | - Naziano Filizola
- Laboratório de Potamologia do Amazonas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - Manaus (AM), Brasil
| | - Laurent Durieux
- UMR ESPACE-DEV, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Montpellier, France
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Gomes MDSM, Menezes RADO, Vieira JLF, Mendes AM, Silva GDV, Peiter PC, Suárez-Mutis MC, Franco VDC, Couto ÁARD, Machado RLD. Malária na fronteira do Brasil com a Guiana Francesa: a influência dos determinantes sociais e ambientais da saúde na permanência da doença. SAUDE E SOCIEDADE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-12902020181046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a influência dos determinantes socioambientais da saúde na incidência de malária por Plasmodium vivax na fronteira franco-brasileira. O estudo foi realizado entre 2011 e 2015, no município de Oiapoque (AP), na Amazônia brasileira. Foram incluídos na amostra 253 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, de 10 a 60 anos de idade. Houve predominância de 63,64% (161/253) de casos de malária em adultos do sexo masculino. A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 20 a 29 anos, com 30% (76/253); 84,6% (214/253) dos pacientes não concluíram o ensino médio, e 29,6% (75/253) não concluíram o ensino primário. No aspecto ambiental, houve correlação negativa entre as precipitações pluviométricas e a incidência da malária por P. vivax (p=0,0026). Em termos de mobilidade, constatou-se considerável proporção de migrantes provenientes dos estados do Pará e do Maranhão (55,73%; 141/253). Por fim, os dados apontaram que 31,23% (79/253) dos casos de malária foram importados da Guiana Francesa. Em síntese, a transmissão da malária na fronteira franco-brasileira envolve fatores ecológico-ambientais, biológicos e sociais que se expressam na elevada vulnerabilidade social da população que vive e circula na zona fronteiriça, favorecendo a ocorrência de surtos e a permanência da enfermidade.
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Wolfarth-Couto B, Silva RAD, Filizola N. Variability in malaria cases and the association with rainfall and rivers water levels in Amazonas State, Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00020218. [PMID: 30758451 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relations between rainfall and river water levels and malaria cases can provide important clues on modulation of the disease in the context of local climatic variability. In order to demonstrate how these relations can vary in the same endemic space, a coherence and wavelet phase analysis was performed between environmental and epidemiological variables from 2003 to 2010 for 8 municipalities (counties) in the state of Amazonas, Brazil (Barcelos, Borba, Canutama, Carauari, Coari, Eirunepé, Humaitá, and São Gabriel da Cachoeira). The results suggest significant coherences, mainly on the scale of annual variability, but scales of less than 1 year and of 2 years were also found. The analyses show that malaria cases display a peak at approximately 1 and a half months before or after peak rainfall and on average 1-4 months after peak river water levels in most of the municipalities studied. Each environmental variable displayed distinct local behavior in time and in space, suggesting that other local variables (e.g. topography) may control environmental conditions, favoring different patterns in each municipality. However, when the analyses were performed jointly it was possible to show a non-random order in these relations. Although environmental and climatic factors indicate a certain influence on malaria dynamics, surveillance, prevention, and control issues should not be overlooked, meaning that government public health interventions can mask possible relations with local hydrological and climatic conditions.
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López MS, Müller GV, Sione WF. Analysis of the spatial distribution of scientific publications regarding vector-borne diseases related to climate variability in South America. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2018; 26:35-93. [PMID: 30390933 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most vector-borne diseases exhibit a distinct seasonal pattern, which clearly suggests that they are weather sensitive. Rainfall, temperature, and other climate variables affect in many ways both the vectors and the pathogens they transmit. Likewise, climate can be determinant in outbreaks incidence. A growing number of studies have provided evidence indicating the effects of climate variability on vector-borne diseases. However, oftentimes, the different diseases and regions are not uniformly represented, scarcity or lack of publications in some countries is common. The objectives of this work were to analyze the distribution and abundance of publications on vector-borne diseases associated with climate variability in South America, identify those works that conducted a geographic analysis and detect the countries where outbreaks occurred and the climate variables with which they were associated. A systematic review of the literature published on vector-borne diseases linked to climate variability in South America was conducted, identifying, evaluating and summarizing scientific papers. The distribution of the study areas and disease type in the publications were represented on maps. Dengue and leishmaniasis were the most studied and widely represented diseases in South America. The country with the largest number of published papers and presence of all disease types was Brazil. Outbreaks of disease were related to different climate variables. Most diseases from the publications under study occurred in equatorial and tropical climates. The disease represented by the largest number of different types of climates was dengue. The technique used in this work allowed us to determine the status of knowledge of the main diseases associated with climate variability in South America. This methodology could be improved in the future by incorporating other bibliographic sources as well as other diseases related to climate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S López
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climático (CEVARCAM), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ruta Nacional N° 168-Km 472.4, CC 217, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela V Müller
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climático (CEVARCAM), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ruta Nacional N° 168-Km 472.4, CC 217, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Walter F Sione
- Centro Regional de Geomática (CEREGeo), Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos (UADER), Km 10,5, RP11, CP3100, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
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Tucker Lima JM, Vittor A, Rifai S, Valle D. Does deforestation promote or inhibit malaria transmission in the Amazon? A systematic literature review and critical appraisal of current evidence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0125. [PMID: 28438914 PMCID: PMC5413873 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable interest in the relationship between biodiversity and disease has recently captured the attention of the research community, with important public policy implications. In particular, malaria in the Amazon region is often cited as an example of how forest conservation can improve public health outcomes. However, despite a growing body of literature and an increased understanding of the relationship between malaria and land use / land cover change (LULC) in Amazonia, contradictions have emerged. While some studies report that deforestation increases malaria risk, others claim the opposite. Assessing malaria risk requires examination of dynamic processes among three main components: (i) the environment (i.e. LULC and landscape transformations), (ii) vector biology (e.g. mosquito species distributions, vector activity and life cycle, plasmodium infection rates), and (iii) human populations (e.g. forest-related activity, host susceptibility, movement patterns). In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review on malaria risk and deforestation in the Amazon focusing on these three components. We explore key features that are likely to generate these contrasting results using the reviewed articles and our own data from Brazil and Peru, and conclude with suggestions for productive avenues in future research. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Tucker Lima
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, 408 McCarty Hall C, PO Box 110339, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Amy Vittor
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 408 McCarty Hall C, PO Box 110339, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sami Rifai
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, 408 McCarty Hall C, PO Box 110339, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Denis Valle
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, 408 McCarty Hall C, PO Box 110339, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Regionalization of a Landscape-Based Hazard Index of Malaria Transmission: An Example of the State of Amapá, Brazil. DATA 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/data2040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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11
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Assessment of individual and household malaria risk factors among women in a South African village. Acta Trop 2017; 175:71-77. [PMID: 27965145 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is need to understand how various malaria risk factors interact at the individual, household and community levels, as well as wider contexts, in order to guide the design and implementation of effective and more comprehensive control strategies. Using a cross-sectional approach, this study investigated various malaria risk factors among residents of Mgedula Village, a malaria-endemic community located in Jozini Local Municipality, UMkhanyakude District, South Africa from May to August 2014. Data from 121 randomly sampled women were collected using close-ended questionnaires. The women were aged between 18 and 40 years; and had been residents in the study area for five years or more. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to measure the association between a history of malaria infection in the previous 12 months and various potential risk factors. The results showed that practicing animal husbandry (OR 20), residing in household structures that had not been sprayed (OR 16.7) and cross-border movement (OR 14.3) were greatly associated with malaria infection. Other factors that were significantly associated with this infection included illiteracy (OR 9.1), having a largely populated household (OR 6.1) and low income (OR 1.65). Individuals with a history of malaria infection were less likely to lack basic malaria-related knowledge (OR 0.58), to have negative attitude towards malaria (OR 0.29) and also to have poor malaria practices (OR 0.3). There was no association between a malaria episode and residing at a long distance from the health facility. Indoor residual spraying indicated a notable reduction of malaria risk at the community level. However, other socio-economic, geographical and socio-demographic factors interacted at different levels to increase this risk among different individuals and households. To achieve malaria elimination by the year 2018, these aspects should be considered when developing and implementing elimination strategies at the individual, household and community levels, among high-risk populations.
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Sissoko MS, Sissoko K, Kamate B, Samake Y, Goita S, Dabo A, Yena M, Dessay N, Piarroux R, Doumbo OK, Gaudart J. Temporal dynamic of malaria in a suburban area along the Niger River. Malar J 2017; 16:420. [PMID: 29058578 PMCID: PMC5651586 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-2068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even if rainfall and temperature are factors classically associated to malaria, little is known about other meteorological factors, their variability and combinations related to malaria, in association with river height variations. Furthermore, in suburban area, urbanization and growing population density should be assessed in relation to these environmental factors. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of combined environmental, meteorological and hydrological factors on malaria incidence through time in the context of urbanization. Methods Population observational data were prospectively collected. Clinical malaria was defined as the presence of parasites in addition to clinical symptoms. Meteorological and hydrological factors were measured daily. For each factors variation indices were estimated. Urbanization was yearly estimated assessing satellite imaging and field investigations. Principal component analysis was used for dimension reduction and factors combination. Lags between malaria incidences and the main components were assessed by cross-correlation functions. Generalized additive model was used to assess relative impact of different environmental components, taking into account lags, and modelling non-linear relationships. Change-point analysis was used to determine transmission periods within years. Results Malaria incidences were dominated by annual periodicity and varied through time without modification of the dynamic, with no impact of the urbanization. The main meteorological factor associated with malaria was a combination of evaporation, humidity and rainfall, with a lag of 3 months. The relationship between combined temperature factors showed a linear impact until reaching high temperatures limiting malaria incidence, with a lag 3.25 months. Height and variation of the river were related to malaria incidence (respectively 6 week lag and no lag). Conclusions The study emphasizes no decreasing trend of malaria incidence despite accurate access to care and control strategies in accordance to international recommendations. Furthermore, no decreasing trend was showed despite the urbanization of the area. Malaria transmission remain increase 3 months after the beginning of the dry season. Addition to evaporation versus humidity/rainfall, nonlinear relationship for temperature and river height and variations have to be taken into account when implementing malaria control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadou Soumana Sissoko
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases-Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry-Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali. .,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, SESSTIM, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Kourane Sissoko
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases-Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry-Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourama Kamate
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases-Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry-Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Yacouba Samake
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases-Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry-Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Siaka Goita
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases-Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry-Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye Dabo
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases-Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry-Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mama Yena
- Direction Nationale de l'Hydraulique, Bamako, Mali
| | - Nadine Dessay
- Nadine Dessay, UMR 228 ESPACE-DEV (IRD, UM, UG, UA, UR), Responsable équipe Observation Spatiale de l'Environnement (OSE), Maison de la Télédétection, 500 rue Jean-François Breton, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Renaud Piarroux
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie Hôpital de la Timone et UMR MD 3 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases-Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry-Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, SESSTIM, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Gaudart
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, SESSTIM, 13005, Marseille, France
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Adde A, Dusfour I, Vezenegho SB, Carinci R, Issaly J, Gaborit P, Nguyen C, Ardillon V, Girod R, Briolant S. Spatial and Seasonal Dynamics of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock, French Guiana: Influence of Environmental Factors. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:597-605. [PMID: 28399277 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the Anopheles fauna of Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock, a persistent malaria-endemic municipality in French Guiana. This study aimed to update the knowledge of local Anopheles diversity, and their ecology and role in malaria transmission. Sampling sessions were implemented between September 2013 and October 2014. Four species were identified from the 3,450 specimens collected: Anopheles darlingi Root, An. braziliensis, An. triannulatus s.l., and An. nuneztovari s.l. Anopheles darlingi was the predominant species. Its involvement in malaria transmission was suspected due to 1) its abundance, 2) the presence of a density peak during the malaria emergence period, and 3) a dynamic correlated with malaria cases observed two months later. Present and past studies show that the influence of environmental conditions on malaria vector dynamics is high, and may vary drastically according to the local context. This supports evidence that control strategies must be designed at fine scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adde
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - I Dusfour
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - S B Vezenegho
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - R Carinci
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - J Issaly
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - P Gaborit
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - C Nguyen
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana ( ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, La Madeleine BP 6019, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, 34 Boulevard Laveran, 13013, Marseille, France
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex, France
| | - V Ardillon
- Cellule de l'Institut de Veille Sanitaire en Région Antilles-Guyane, Agence Régionale de Santé, 19 rue Schœlcher BP 7023, 97300, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
| | - R Girod
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - S Briolant
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur BP 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana ( ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, La Madeleine BP 6019, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, 34 Boulevard Laveran, 13013, Marseille, France
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex, France
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Stefani A, Cheuret M, N'Guyen D, Simon S, Brousse P, Carme B, Nacher M. Interactions between Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Malaria in a Cohort of Children in an Amazonian Village. J Trop Pediatr 2017; 63:144-147. [PMID: 27694323 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most studies on nematode-malaria interactions were conducted outside of the Americas. The objective of the present study was thus to study the relation between malaria and nematodes in a cohort of children in an Amazonian village. METHODS Odds ratios for intestinal nematode infections as an explanatory variable to malaria resistant vs. malaria sensitive were computed. RESULTS Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly more frequent in the 'resistant' malaria group than in the 'sensitive' one. CONCLUSIONS Despite its low statistical power, the present results find that Ascaris was associated with less malaria, as observed by a number of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Stefani
- EPaT team (EA 3593), UFR de Médecine - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana.,STRonGer Programme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Marie Cheuret
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Duc N'Guyen
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stéphane Simon
- EPaT team (EA 3593), UFR de Médecine - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Paul Brousse
- Département des Centres de Santé, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Bernard Carme
- EPaT team (EA 3593), UFR de Médecine - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana.,STRonGer Programme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana.,INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC INSERM 1424), Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- EPaT team (EA 3593), UFR de Médecine - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana.,STRonGer Programme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana.,INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC INSERM 1424), Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
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15
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Seyoum D, Kifle YG, Rondeau V, Yewhalaw D, Duchateau L, Rosas-Aguirre A, Speybroeck N. Identification of different malaria patterns due to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Ethiopian children: a prospective cohort study. Malar J 2016; 15:208. [PMID: 27075667 PMCID: PMC4831103 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of epidemiological pattern of infection with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in malaria-endemic area, where multiple episodes are common, is important for intervention programmes. Methods A longitudinal cohort study based on weekly house-to-house visits was conducted between July 2008 and June 2010 in 2040 children less than 10 years of age, living nearby the Gilgel-Gibe hydroelectric power dam reservoir in order to determine factors associated with increased P. vivax and P. falciparum incidence. Two types of multivariate frailty models were applied (using time-to-first malaria episode data and time-to-recurrent malaria episode data), allowing the estimation of adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) of potential risk factors (gender, age, proximity to the dam reservoir, and season) for species-specific malaria incidence. Results Of 2040 children in 96 weeks of follow up, 864 children experienced at least one malaria episode: 685 due to P. falciparum in 548 children, and 385 due to P. vivax in 316 children. Plasmodiumvivax and P. falciparum malaria incidence rates were 8.2 (95 % CI: 7.3–9.1) and 14.6 (95 % CI: 13.4–15.6) per 1000 children per month, respectively. According to the time-to-recurrent event models, children aged ≥7 years had a lower risk of presenting P. vivax episodes (AHR = 0.6; 95 % CI: 0.4–0.9), but a higher risk of P. falciparum episodes, when compared with children under ≤3 years (AHR = 1.2; 95 % CI: 1.1–1.6). In addition, P. vivax (AHR = 2.7; 95 % CI: 2.2–3.5) and P. falciparum (AHR = 16.9; 95 % CI: 14.3–20.2) episodes were respectively 2.7 and 16.9 times more frequent in the dry season than in the long rainy season. Conclusions The analysis of all malaria episodes (first and recurrent episodes) in the malaria cohort suggests different species-specific patterns of malaria disease in children, with mild seasonality in the incidence of P. vivax episodes mostly observed in younger age groups, and with marked seasonality in the incidence of P. falciparum episodes mainly seen in older children. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1253-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinberu Seyoum
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Statistics, Natural Science College, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yehenew Getachew Kifle
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Virginie Rondeau
- INSERM EMI 0338 (Biostatistics), Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- Department of Laboratory Technology Science and Pathology, College of Public Health and Medical Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angel Rosas-Aguirre
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Tropical Medicine "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Niko Speybroeck
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Mapping a Knowledge-Based Malaria Hazard Index Related to Landscape Using Remote Sensing: Application to the Cross-Border Area between French Guiana and Brazil. REMOTE SENSING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Musset L, Pelleau S, Girod R, Ardillon V, Carvalho L, Dusfour I, Gomes MSM, Djossou F, Legrand E. Malaria on the Guiana Shield: a review of the situation in French Guiana. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:525-33. [PMID: 25184998 PMCID: PMC4156445 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In a climate of growing concern that Plasmodium falciparum may be developing a drug resistance to artemisinin derivatives in the Guiana Shield, this review details our current knowledge of malaria and control strategy in one part of the Shield, French Guiana. Local epidemiology, test-treat-track strategy, the state of parasite drug resistance and vector control measures are summarised. Current issues in terms of mobile populations and legislative limitations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Musset
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme - Région Antilles-Guyane, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stéphane Pelleau
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme - Région Antilles-Guyane, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Romain Girod
- Unité d?Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Vanessa Ardillon
- Cellule de l?Institut de Veille Sanitaire en Région Antilles-Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Luisiane Carvalho
- Cellule de l?Institut de Veille Sanitaire en Région Antilles-Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Unité d?Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Félix Djossou
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Eric Legrand
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme - Région Antilles-Guyane, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Dusfour I, Carinci R, Issaly J, Gaborit P, Girod R. A survey of adult anophelines in French Guiana: enhanced descriptions of species distribution and biting responses. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2013; 38:203-209. [PMID: 24581346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In French Guiana, Anopheles darlingi is considered the main malaria vector. However, several reports have hypothesized the implication of other anopheline species in malaria transmission for the territory. Data on the ecology of these other potential vectors is rare or even unexplored in French Guiana. The aim of this study was to describe the biting habits of several anopheline species in multiple localities in French Guiana. Six sampling sites yielded 1,083 anopheline adults. Results indicated the presence of An. darlingi in all study locations and it was the only species to be collected inside villages. Other anophelines collected included An. aquasalis, An. braziliensis, An. intermedius, An. mediopunctatus, An. nuneztovari, An. oswaldoi, and An. triannulatus, all of which were associated with open areas and forests. The environment and time, at which biting behavior was recorded, varied for each species. It was noted that An. oswaldoi showed a daytime rhythm in open areas. This study is the first to report on the biting habits of a range of anophelines in French Guiana that may play a role in malaria transmission. This information is vital to fully describe the risk of malaria transmission and thereby design appropriate vector control measures and malaria prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Dusfour
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d'entomologie médicale, B.P. 6010, 97306, Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana.
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Escovar JE, González R, Quiñones ML. Anthropophilic biting behaviour of Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai Howard, Dyar & Knab associated with Fishermen's activities in a malaria-endemic area in the Colombian Pacific. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 108:1057-64. [PMID: 24402159 PMCID: PMC4005539 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
On the southwest Pacific Coast of Colombia, a field study was initiated to determine the human-vector association between Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai and fishermen, including their nearby houses. Mosquitoes were collected over 24-h periods from mangrove swamps, marshlands and fishing vessels in three locations, as well as in and around the houses of fishermen. A total of 6,382 mosquitoes were collected. An. neivai was most abundant in mangroves and fishing canoes (90.8%), while Anopheles albimanus was found indoors (82%) and outdoors (73%). One An. neivai and one An. albimanus collected during fishing activities in canoes were positive for Plasmodium vivax , whereas one female An. neivai collected in a mangrove was positive for P. vivax . In the mangroves and fishing canoes, An. neivai demonstrated biting activity throughout the day, peaking between 06:00 pm-07:00 pm and there were two minor peaks at dusk and dawn. These peaks coincided with fishing activities in the marshlands and mangroves, a situation that places the fishermen at risk of contracting malaria when they are performing their daily activities. It is recommended that protective measures be implemented to reduce the risk that fishermen will contract malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Eduardo Escovar
- Department of Public Health, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Salle, Bogota,
Colombia
| | - Ranulfo González
- Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali,
Colombia
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Nacher M, Stefani A, Basurko C, Lemonnier D, Djossou F, Demar M, Elenga N, Brousse P, Ville M, Carme B. The burden of Plasmodium vivax relapses in an Amerindian village in French Guiana. Malar J 2013; 12:367. [PMID: 24156660 PMCID: PMC4015923 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a public health problem in French Guiana. Plasmodium vivax is the most frequent parasite. The objective of this analysis was to estimate the proportion of relapses in the burden of vivax malaria using the statistical rule stating that any case of vivax malaria occurring less than 90 days following a first episode is a relapse. A total of 622 subjects were followed for 2,9 years with 336 first single episodes of P. vivax malaria, and a total of 1,226 episodes of vivax malaria among which 559 were relapses (45.5%). For 194 patients having had falciparum malaria followed by vivax malaria it was estimated that 19% of the vivax episodes occurred less than 90 days following the falciparum episode and thus were possibly relapses due to the activation of latent hypnozoites. Despite the number of vivax cases and the number of relapses, there were only 28 recorded primaquine prescriptions (3.4% of vivax episodes, 4.5% of subjects). The present study points out that despite the fact that nearly half of the P. vivax cases, many of which in children, are caused by latent hypnozoites, only a minority of them benefit from primaquine radical cure. The obstacles to this are discussed and suggestions are made to reduce the burden of vivax malaria in Camopi and other remote health centres in French Guiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie clinique Antilles Guyane (Inserm / DGOS CIE 802), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana.
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21
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Epelboin L, Boullé C, Ouar-Epelboin S, Hanf M, Dussart P, Djossou F, Nacher M, Carme B. Discriminating malaria from dengue fever in endemic areas: clinical and biological criteria, prognostic score and utility of the C-reactive protein: a retrospective matched-pair study in French Guiana. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2420. [PMID: 24069477 PMCID: PMC3772026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue and malaria are two major public health concerns in tropical settings. Although the pathogeneses of these two arthropod-borne diseases differ, their clinical and biological presentations are unspecific. During dengue epidemics, several hundred patients with fever and diffuse pain are weekly admitted at the emergency room. It is difficult to discriminate them from patients presenting malaria attacks. Furthermore, it may be impossible to provide a parasitological microscopic examination for all patients. This study aimed to establish a diagnostic algorithm for communities where dengue fever and malaria occur at some frequency in adults. Methodology/Principal Findings A sub-study using the control groups of a case-control study in French Guiana – originally designed to compare dengue and malaria co-infected cases to single infected cases – was performed between 2004 and 2010. In brief, 208 patients with malaria matched to 208 patients with dengue fever were compared in the present study. A predictive score of malaria versus dengue was established using .632 bootstrap procedures. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, age, tachycardia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and CRP>5 mg/l were independently associated with malaria. The predictive score using those variables had an AUC of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.82–0.89), and the CRP was the preponderant predictive factor. The sensitivity and specificity of CRP>5 mg/L to discriminate malaria from dengue were of 0.995 (95%CI: 0.991–1) and 0.35 (95%CI 0.32–0.39), respectively. Conclusions/Significance The clinical and biological score performed relatively well for discriminating cases of dengue versus malaria. Moreover, using only the CRP level turned to be a useful biomarker to discriminate feverish patients at low risk of malaria in an area where both infections exist. It would avoid more than 33% of unnecessary parasitological examinations with a very low risk of missing a malaria attack. The authors present a retrospective matched-pair study on dengue and malaria performed in French Guiana. These two infections are major public health concerns in tropical regions, especially in South America and Southeast Asia, where they affect neglected populations which makes them interesting to be published in a journal aiming to publish about neglected tropical diseases. Although the pathogeneses of these two arthropod-borne differ, their clinical and biological presentations are unspecific. During dengue epidemics, hundreds of patients are admitted weekly with diffuse pains and fever at the emergency room. Among them, it is difficult to accurately distinguish malaria attacks, which are far less frequent than dengue fever cases. Moreover, it may be impossible to provide a parasitological microscopic examination for all patients. We believe the results of the present study, based on a sample of n = 416 individual are worthwhile as they support evidence that biological factors can help to discriminate between the two, in areas where they co-exist in endemic areas. A simple prognostic score based on clinical and biological criteria was built, interesting and easy-to-use for physicians in tropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Epelboin
- CIC-EC Antilles Guyane CIE 802 Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Research team EPaT EA 3593, University of French West Indies and French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Charlotte Boullé
- UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)/Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Montpellier
| | - Sihem Ouar-Epelboin
- CIC-EC Antilles Guyane CIE 802 Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Matthieu Hanf
- CIC-EC Antilles Guyane CIE 802 Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Research team EPaT EA 3593, University of French West Indies and French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Philippe Dussart
- French National Reference Centre for Arboviruses, Institut Pasteur de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Félix Djossou
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- CIC-EC Antilles Guyane CIE 802 Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Research team EPaT EA 3593, University of French West Indies and French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Bernard Carme
- CIC-EC Antilles Guyane CIE 802 Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Research team EPaT EA 3593, University of French West Indies and French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Briët OJT, Amerasinghe PH, Vounatsou P. Generalized seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models for count data with application to malaria time series with low case numbers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65761. [PMID: 23785448 PMCID: PMC3681978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the renewed drive towards malaria elimination, there is a need for improved surveillance tools. While time series analysis is an important tool for surveillance, prediction and for measuring interventions' impact, approximations by commonly used Gaussian methods are prone to inaccuracies when case counts are low. Therefore, statistical methods appropriate for count data are required, especially during "consolidation" and "pre-elimination" phases. METHODS Generalized autoregressive moving average (GARMA) models were extended to generalized seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (GSARIMA) models for parsimonious observation-driven modelling of non Gaussian, non stationary and/or seasonal time series of count data. The models were applied to monthly malaria case time series in a district in Sri Lanka, where malaria has decreased dramatically in recent years. RESULTS The malaria series showed long-term changes in the mean, unstable variance and seasonality. After fitting negative-binomial Bayesian models, both a GSARIMA and a GARIMA deterministic seasonality model were selected based on different criteria. Posterior predictive distributions indicated that negative-binomial models provided better predictions than Gaussian models, especially when counts were low. The G(S)ARIMA models were able to capture the autocorrelation in the series. CONCLUSIONS G(S)ARIMA models may be particularly useful in the drive towards malaria elimination, since episode count series are often seasonal and non-stationary, especially when control is increased. Although building and fitting GSARIMA models is laborious, they may provide more realistic prediction distributions than do Gaussian methods and may be more suitable when counts are low.
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Cruz LR, Spangenberg T, Lacerda MVG, Wells TNC. Malaria in South America: a drug discovery perspective. Malar J 2013; 12:168. [PMID: 23706107 PMCID: PMC3665683 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of controlling and eventually eradicating malaria means that new tools are urgently needed. South America's role in this fight spans both ends of the research and development spectrum: both as a continent capable of discovering and developing new medicines, and also as a continent with significant numbers of malaria patients. This article reviews the contribution of groups in the South American continent to the research and development of new medicines over the last decade. Therefore, the current situation of research targeting malaria control and eradication is discussed, including endemicity, geographical distribution, treatment, drug-resistance and diagnosis. This sets the scene for a review of efforts within South America to discover and optimize compounds with anti-malarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza R Cruz
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 route de Pré-Bois, Geneva, CH 1215, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 route de Pré-Bois, Geneva, CH 1215, Switzerland
| | - Marcus VG Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Av Pedro Teixeira, 25, Manaus, Amazonas, 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Timothy NC Wells
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 route de Pré-Bois, Geneva, CH 1215, Switzerland
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Gao HW, Wang LP, Liang S, Liu YX, Tong SL, Wang JJ, Li YP, Wang XF, Yang H, Ma JQ, Fang LQ, Cao WC. Change in rainfall drives malaria re-emergence in Anhui Province, China. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43686. [PMID: 22928015 PMCID: PMC3424152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is re-emerging in Anhui Province, China after a decade long' low level of endemicity. The number of human cases has increased rapidly since 2000 and reached its peak in 2006. That year, the malaria cases accounted for 54.5% of total cases in mainland China. However, the spatial and temporal patterns of human cases and factors underlying the re-emergence remain unclear. We established a database containing 20 years' (1990-2009) records of monthly reported malaria cases and meteorological parameters. Spearman correlations were used to assess the crude association between malaria incidence and meteorological variables, and a polynomial distributed lag (PDL) time-series regression was performed to examine contribution of meteorological factors to malaria transmission in three geographic regions (northern, mid and southern Anhui Province), respectively. Then, a two-year (2008-2009) prediction was performed to validate the PDL model that was created by using the data collected from 1990 to 2007. We found that malaria incidence decreased in Anhui Province in 1990s. However, the incidence has dramatically increased in the north since 2000, while the transmission has remained at a relatively low level in the mid and south. Spearman correlation analyses showed that the monthly incidences of malaria were significantly associated with temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and the multivariate El Niño/Southern Oscillation index with lags of 0-2 months in all three regions. The PDL model revealed that only rainfall with a 1-2 month lag was significantly associated with malaria incidence in all three regions. The model validation showed a high accuracy for the prediction of monthly incidence over a 2-year predictive period. Malaria epidemics showed a high spatial heterogeneity in Anhui Province during the 1990-2009 study periods. The change in rainfall drives the reemergence of malaria in the northern Anhui Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- National Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Service, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Liang
- Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yong-Xiao Liu
- Anhui Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Lu Tong
- School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- Anhui Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- National Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Service, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Ma
- National Center for Public Health Surveillance and Information Service, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WCC); (LQF)
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WCC); (LQF)
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Stefani A, Roux E, Fotsing JM, Carme B. Studying relationships between environment and malaria incidence in Camopi (French Guiana) through the objective selection of buffer-based landscape characterisations. Int J Health Geogr 2011; 10:65. [PMID: 22151738 PMCID: PMC3286409 DOI: 10.1186/1476-072x-10-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria remains a major health problem in French Guiana, with a mean of 3800 cases each year. A previous study in Camopi, an Amerindian village on the Oyapock River, highlighted the major contribution of environmental features to the incidence of malaria attacks. We propose a method for the objective selection of the best multivariate peridomestic landscape characterisation that maximises the chances of identifying relationships between environmental features and malaria incidence, statistically significant and meaningful from an epidemiological point of view. Methods A land-cover map, the hydrological network and the geolocalised inhabited houses were used to characterise the peridomestic landscape in eleven discoid buffers with radii of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 metres. Buffer-based landscape characterisations were first compared in terms of their capacity to discriminate between sites within the geographic space and of their effective multidimensionality in variable space. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was then used to select the landscape model best explaining the incidences of P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria. Finally, we calculated Pearson correlation coefficients for the relationships between environmental variables and malaria incidence, by species, for the more relevant buffers. Results The optimal buffers for environmental characterisation had radii of 100 m around houses for P. vivax and 400 m around houses for P. falciparum. The incidence of P. falciparum malaria seemed to be more strongly linked to environmental features than that of P. vivax malaria, within these buffers. The incidence of P. falciparum malaria in children was strongly correlated with proportions of bare soil (r = -0.69), land under high vegetation (r = 0.68) and primary forest (r = 0.54), landscape division (r = 0.48) and the number of inhabited houses (r = -0.60). The incidence of P. vivax malaria was associated only with landscape division (r = 0.49). Conclusions The proposed methodology provides a simple and general framework for objective characterisation of the landscape to account for field observations. The use of this method enabled us to identify different optimal observation horizons around houses, depending on the Plasmodium species considered, and to demonstrate significant correlations between environmental features and the incidence of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Stefani
- EPat Team (EA 3593), UFR de Médecine - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana.
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