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Krishnan I, Chan AML, Law JX, Ng MH, Jayapalan JJ, Lokanathan Y. Proteomic Analysis of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5340. [PMID: 38791378 PMCID: PMC11121203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous challenges remain within conventional cell-based therapy despite the growing trend of stem cells used to treat various life-debilitating diseases. These limitations include batch-to-batch heterogeneity, induced alloreactivity, cell survival and integration, poor scalability, and high cost of treatment, thus hindering successful translation from lab to bedside. However, recent pioneering technology has enabled the isolation and enrichment of small extracellular vesicles (EVs), canonically known as exosomes. EVs are described as a membrane-enclosed cargo of functional biomolecules not limited to lipids, nucleic acid, and proteins. Interestingly, studies have correlated the biological role of MSC-EVs to the paracrine activity of MSCs. This key evidence has led to rigorous studies on MSC-EVs as an acellular alternative. Using EVs as a therapy was proposed as a model leading to improvements through increased safety; enhanced bioavailability due to size and permeability; reduced heterogeneity by selective and quantifiable properties; and prolonged shelf-life via long-term freezing or lyophilization. Yet, the identity and potency of EVs are still relatively unknown due to various methods of preparation and to qualify the final product. This is reflected by the absence of regulatory strategies overseeing manufacturing, quality control, clinical implementation, and product registration. In this review, the authors review the various production processes and the proteomic profile of MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illayaraja Krishnan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.K.); (A.M.L.C.); (J.X.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Alvin Man Lung Chan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.K.); (A.M.L.C.); (J.X.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.K.); (A.M.L.C.); (J.X.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.K.); (A.M.L.C.); (J.X.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | | | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.K.); (A.M.L.C.); (J.X.L.); (M.H.N.)
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Outskouni Z, Christodoulou C, Goutas A, Kyriazis ID, Paraskevopoulou A, Laliotis GP, Matsakidou A, Gogas A, Trachana V. Cryptomphalus aspersa Egg Extract Protects against Human Stem Cell Stress-Induced Premature Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3715. [PMID: 38612526 PMCID: PMC11011511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a tightly regulated pathophysiologic process and is caused by replicative exhaustion or external stressors. Since naturally derived bioactive compounds with anti-ageing properties have recently captured scientific interest, we analysed the anti-ageing and antioxidant efficacy of Cryptomphalus aspersa egg extract (CAEE). Its effects on stemness, wound-healing properties, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and DNA damage repair ability of Human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were analysed. Our results revealed that CAEE fortifies WJ-MSCs stemness, which possibly ameliorates their wound-healing ability. Additionally, we show that CAEE possesses a strong antioxidant capacity as demonstrated by the elevation of the levels of the basic antioxidant molecule, GSH, and the induction of the NRF2, a major antioxidant regulator. In addition, CAEE alleviated cells' oxidative stress and therefore prevented stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the prevention of SIPS could be mediated via the extract's ability to induce autophagy, as indicated by the elevation of the protein levels of all basic autophagic molecules and the increase in formation of autophagolysosomes in CAEE-treated WJ-MSCs. Moreover, CAEE-treated cells exhibited decreased Caveolin-1 levels. We propose that Cryptomphalus aspersa egg extract comprises bioactive compounds that can demonstrate strong antioxidant/anti-ageing effects by regulating the Caveolin-1-autophagy-senescence molecular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zozo Outskouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (Z.O.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Christina Christodoulou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (Z.O.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Andreas Goutas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (Z.O.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (I.D.K.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D. Kyriazis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (Z.O.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Adamantini Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry & Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - George P. Laliotis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anthia Matsakidou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry & Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Varvara Trachana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (Z.O.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (I.D.K.)
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Gill JK, Rehsia SK, Verma E, Sareen N, Dhingra S. Stem cell therapy for cardiac regeneration: past, present, and future. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:161-179. [PMID: 38226807 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac disorders remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Current clinical strategies, including drug therapy, surgical interventions, and organ transplantation offer limited benefits to patients without regenerating the damaged myocardium. Over the past decade, stem cell therapy has generated a keen interest owing to its unique self-renewal and immune privileged characteristics. Furthermore, the ability of stem cells to differentiate into specialized cell types, has made them a popular therapeutic tool against various diseases. This comprehensive review provides an overview of therapeutic potential of different types of stem cells in reference to cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it sheds light on the advantages and limitations associated with each cell type. An in-depth analysis of the challenges associated with stem cell research and the hurdles for its clinical translation and their possible solutions have also been elaborated upon. It examines the controversies surrounding embryonic stem cells and the emergence of alternative approaches, such as the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac therapeutic applications. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers involved in the field of regenerative medicine, guiding the development of safe and effective stem cell-based therapies to revolutionize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Kaur Gill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Sargun Kaur Rehsia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Elika Verma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Niketa Sareen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
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Bernardini C, Mantia DL, Salaroli R, Ventrella D, Elmi A, Zannoni A, Forni M. Isolation of Vascular Wall Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Thoracic Aorta of Adult Göttingen Minipigs: A New Protocol for the Simultaneous Endothelial Cell Collection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2601. [PMID: 37627392 PMCID: PMC10451532 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two main classes of perivascular multipotent populations have been described: the microvascular pericytes and the vascular wall mesenchymal stem cells (VW-MSCs). VW-MSCs are isolated from large vessels in many species and they participate in vascular remodeling together with other cellular components such as endothelial cells. Considering that the Göttingen Minipigs are widely used in Europe as a translational model in the field of cardiovascular diseases, the aim of the present research was to isolate VW-MSCs from the adult aorta of Göttingen Minipigs while preserving and also collecting endothelial cells. The results obtained in the present research demonstrated that this new protocol allows us to obtain a pure population of VW-MSCs and endothelial cells. VW-MSCs from Göttingen Minipigs responded fully to the MSC minima international criteria, being positive to CD105, CD90, and CD44 and negative to CD45 and CD34. Moreover, VW-MSCs presented a differentiative potential towards osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Overall, the present protocol, preserving the viability and phenotypic features of the two isolated populations, opens future possibilities of using minipig VW-MSCs and endothelial cells in in vitro vascular remodeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Debora La Mantia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (R.S.); (D.V.); (A.E.); (A.Z.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Monica Forni
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Sahibdad I, Khalid S, Chaudhry GR, Salim A, Begum S, Khan I. Zinc enhances the cell adhesion, migration, and self-renewal potential of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:751-767. [PMID: 37545753 PMCID: PMC10401417 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i7.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) is the second most abundant trace element after Fe, present in the human body. It is frequently reported in association with cell growth and proliferation, and its deficiency is considered to be a major disease contributing factor.
AIM To determine the effect of Zn on in vitro growth and proliferation of human umbilical cord (hUC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
METHODS hUC-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord tissue and characterized based on immunocytochemistry, immunophenotyping, and tri-lineage differentiation. The impact of Zn on cytotoxicity and proliferation was determined by MTT and Alamar blue assay. To determine the effect of Zn on population doubling time (PDT), hUC-MSCs were cultured in media with and without Zn for several passages. An in vitro scratch assay was performed to analyze the effect of Zn on the wound healing and migration capability of hUC-MSCs. A cell adhesion assay was used to test the surface adhesiveness of hUC-MSCs. Transcriptional analysis of genes involved in the cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and self-renewal of hUC-MSCs was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of Lin28, a pluripotency marker, was analyzed by immunocytochemistry.
RESULTS Zn at lower concentrations enhanced the rate of proliferation but at higher concentrations (> 100 µM), showed concentration dependent cytotoxicity in hUC-MSCs. hUC-MSCs treated with Zn exhibited a significantly greater healing and migration rate compared to untreated cells. Zn also increased the cell adhesion rate, and colony forming efficiency (CFE). In addition, Zn upregulated the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle (CDC20, CDK1, CCNA2, CDCA2), proliferation (transforming growth factor β1, GDF5, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α), migration (CXCR4, VCAM1, VEGF-A), and self-renewal (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG) of hUC-MSCs. Expression of Lin28 protein was significantly increased in cells treated with Zn.
CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that zinc enhances the proliferation rate of hUC-MSCs decreasing the PDT, and maintaining the CFE. Zn also enhances the cell adhesion, migration, and self-renewal of hUC-MSCs. These results highlight the essential role of Zn in cell growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Sahibdad
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Khalid
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Begum
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory (SCRL), Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi 74200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
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Das M, Sloan AJ. Stem cell sources from human biological waste material: a role for the umbilical cord and dental pulp stem cells for regenerative medicine. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00922-6. [PMID: 37273175 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell research with biological waste material is an area that holds promise to revolutionize treatment modalities and clinical practice. The interest in surgical remnants is increasing with time as research on human embryonic stem cells remains controversial due to legal and ethical issues. Perhaps, these restrictions are the motivation for the use of alternative mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources in the regenerative field. Stem cells (SCs) of Umbilical Cord (UC) and Dental Pulp (DP) have almost similar biological characteristics to other MSCs and can differentiate into a number of cell lineages with enormous potential future prospects. A concise critical observation of UC-MSCs and DP-MSCs is presented here reviewing articles from the last two decades along with other stem cell sources from different biological waste materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Das
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India.
- , No. 2 Durganagar, Sripally, Chakdaha, Nadia, West Bengal, 741222, India.
| | - Alastair J Sloan
- Melbourne Dental School, Level 4, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Nowroozzadeh MH, Ghazanfari S, Sanie-Jahromi F. Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome Modifies the Processes of Neuroprotection and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelium at Transcriptional Level. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08496-0. [PMID: 37217618 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are potential targets for treating retinal detachment (RD) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), considering the importance of neuroprotection and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RPE in these conditions. This study investigated the effect of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell secretome (WJMSC-S) on the expression of genes involved in both neuroprotection and EMT in RPE cells in vitro (TRKB, MAPK, PI3K, BDNF, and NGF). METHODS RPE cells from passages 5-7 were treated with WJMSC-S (or the vehicle culture medium as control) for 24 h at 37◦C and subsequently subjected to RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Gene expression level was evaluated using real-time PCR in the treated versus control cells. RESULTS The results of our study showed that WJMSC-S led to a significant downregulation in three out of five studied gene expression (MAPK, TRKB, and NGF), and simultaneously, remarkably upregulated the expression of the BDNF gene. CONCLUSIONS According to the present data, WJMSC-S can affect the EMT and neuroprotection processes at the mRNA level by suppressing EMT and promoting neuroprotection in RPE cells. This finding may have positive clinical implications in the context of RD and PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hossein Nowroozzadeh
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Ghazanfari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran.
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Biglari N, Mehdizadeh A, Vafaei Mastanabad M, Gharaeikhezri MH, Gol Mohammad Pour Afrakoti L, Pourbala H, Yousefi M, Soltani-Zangbar MS. Application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in neurodegenerative disorders: History, findings, and prospective challenges. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154541. [PMID: 37245265 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the application of mesenchymal stem cells has captured the attention of researchers and practitioners worldwide. These cells can be obtained from practically every tissue in the body and are used to treat a broad variety of conditions, most notably neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Studies are still being conducted, and the results of these studies have led to the identification of several different molecular pathways involved in the neuroglial speciation process. These molecular systems are closely regulated and interconnected due to the coordinated efforts of many components that make up the machinery responsible for cell signaling. Within the scope of this study, we compared and contrasted the numerous mesenchymal cell sources and their cellular features. These many sources of mesenchymal cells included adipocyte cells, fetal umbilical cord tissue, and bone marrow. In addition, we investigated whether these cells can potentially treat and modify neurodegenerative illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Biglari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Vafaei Mastanabad
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | | | - Hooman Pourbala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Comparison of SOX2 and POU5F1 Gene Expression in Leukapheresis-Derived CD34+ Cells before and during Cell Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044186. [PMID: 36835597 PMCID: PMC9962001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow is an abundant source of both hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic stem cells. Embryonic, fetal and stem cells located in tissues (adipose tissue, skin, myocardium and dental pulp) express core transcription factors, including the SOX2, POU5F1 and NANOG gene responsible for regeneration, proliferation and differentiation into daughter cells. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes in CD34-positive peripheral blood stem cells (CD34+ PBSCs) and to analyze the influence of cell culture on the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes. The study material consisted of bone marrow-derived stem cells isolated by using leukapheresis from 40 hematooncology patients. Cells obtained in this process were subject to cytometric analysis to determine the content of CD34+ cells. CD34-positive cell separation was conducted using MACS separation. Cell cultures were set, and RNA was isolated. Real-time PCR was conducted in order to evaluate the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes and the obtained data were subject to statistical analysis. We identified the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes in the examined cells and demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) change in their expression in cell cultures. Short-term cell cultures (<6 days) were associated with an increase in the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes. Thus, short-term cultivation of transplanted stem cells could be used to induce pluripotency, leading to better therapeutic effects.
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Somredngan S, Theerakittayakorn K, Nguyen HT, Ngernsoungnern A, Ngernsoungnern P, Sritangos P, Ketudat-Cairns M, Imsoonthornruksa S, Keeratibharat N, Wongsan R, Rungsiwiwut R, Parnpai R. The Efficiency of Neurospheres Derived from Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043846. [PMID: 36835256 PMCID: PMC9964265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes inflammation and neuronal degeneration, resulting in functional movement loss. Since the availability of SCI treatments is still limited, stem cell therapy is an alternative clinical treatment for SCI and neurodegenerative disorders. Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) are an excellent option for cell therapy. This study aimed to induce hWJ-MSCs into neural stem/progenitor cells in sphere formation (neurospheres) by using neurogenesis-enhancing small molecules (P7C3 and Isx9) and transplant to recover an SCI in a rat model. Inducted neurospheres were characterized by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and gene expression analysis. The best condition group was selected for transplantation. The results showed that the neurospheres induced by 10 µM Isx9 for 7 days produced neural stem/progenitor cell markers such as Nestin and β-tubulin 3 through the Wnt3A signaling pathway regulation markers (β-catenin and NeuroD1 gene expression). The neurospheres from the 7-day Isx9 group were selected to be transplanted into 9-day-old SCI rats. Eight weeks after transplantation, rats transplanted with the neurospheres could move normally, as shown by behavioral tests. MSCs and neurosphere cells were detected in the injured spinal cord tissue and produced neurotransmitter activity. Neurosphere-transplanted rats showed the lowest cavity size of the SCI tissue resulting from the injury recovery mechanism. In conclusion, hWJ-MSCs could differentiate into neurospheres using 10 µM Isx9 media through the Wnt3A signaling pathway. The locomotion and tissue recovery of the SCI rats with neurosphere transplantation were better than those without transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirilak Somredngan
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kasem Theerakittayakorn
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Hong Thi Nguyen
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Laboratory of Embryo Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Apichart Ngernsoungnern
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Piyada Ngernsoungnern
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pishyaporn Sritangos
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sumeth Imsoonthornruksa
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nattawut Keeratibharat
- School of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Rangsirat Wongsan
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-442-242-34
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11
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Bhat RA, Rafi H, Tardiolo G, Fazio F, Aragona F, Zumbo A, Coelho C, D'Alessandro E. The role of embryonic stem cells, transcription and growth factors in mammals: A review. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:102002. [PMID: 36549226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mammals represent a relevant species in worldwide cultures with significant commercial value. These animals are considered an attractive large animal model for biomedical and biotechnology research. The development of large animal experimental models may open alternative strategies for investigating stem cells (SCs) physiology and potential application in the veterinary field. The embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are known to possess natural pluripotency that confers the ability to differentiate into various tissues in vivo and in vitro. These notable characteristics can be useful for research and innovative applications, including biomedicine, agriculture and industry. Transcription factors play a crucial role in preserving stem cell self-renewal, whereas growth factors are involved in both growth and differentiation. However, to date, many questions concerning pluripotency, cellular differentiation regulator genes, and other molecules such as growth factors and their interactions in many mammalian species remain unresolved. The purpose of this review is to provide an overall review regarding the study of ESCs in mammals and briefly discuss the role of transcription and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayees Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Humera Rafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Giuseppe Tardiolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Francesca Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zumbo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Clarisse Coelho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Enrico D'Alessandro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci snc, Messina 98168, Italy
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12
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NR2F2 Regulates Cell Proliferation and Immunomodulation in Whartons’ Jelly Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081458. [PMID: 36011369 PMCID: PMC9408747 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Wharton’s Jelly stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells that can proliferate rapidly and have low immunogenicity. Therefore, WJ-MSCs have gained considerable attention in the fields of immunomodulation and disease treatment and have entered clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to study the underlying mechanisms of WJ-MSCs proliferation, immune regulation, and disease treatment. Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F Member 2 (NR2F2) is a transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of many different genes. However, it remains unknown how NR2F2 regulates stem cell identity in WJ-MSCs. (2) Methods: We used RNAi technology to knock down NR2F2 in WJ-MSCs, and studied the regulatory role of NR2F2 in WJ-MSCs by MTT, flow cytometry, RNA-seq, and other methods. We also utilized a co-culture system in which NR2F2-depleted WJ-MSCs with MH7A and HCT116/HepG2 were used to investigate the role of NR2F2 in immunomodulation and the inhibition of cancer cell growth. (3) Results: NR2F2 knockdown resulted in decreased expressions of Cyclin D1 and CDK4, slower cell proliferation, and increased expressions of IL6 and IL8. Furthermore, Cyclin D1, CDK4, and inflammatory factors were increased in human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte line MH7A if co-cultured with NR2F2 depleted WJ-MSCs. In addition, we observed increased p53, decreased BCL-2, and increased cell apoptosis in liver cancer cell line HepG2 if co-cultured with NR2F2-depleted WJ-MSCs. (4) Conclusions: NR2F2 not only plays an important role in the cell cycle and immune regulation of WJ-MSCs but also has potential effects on the WJ-MSCs treatment of related diseases.
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13
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Wu Y, Zheng Y, Jin Z, Li S, Wu W, An C, Guo J, Zhu Z, Zhou T, Zhou Y, Cen L. Controllable manipulation of alginate-gelatin core-shell microcarriers for HUMSCs expansion. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:1-13. [PMID: 35777503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) are one of the most attractive sources of stem cells, and it is meaningful to design and develop a type of microcarriers with suitable mechanical strength for HUMSCs proliferation in order to acquire enough cells for cell-based therapy. Alginate-gelatin core-shell (AG) soft microcarriers were thus fabricated via a microfluidic device with droplet shearing/gelation facilities and surface coating for in vitro expansion of HUMSCs. The attachment and proliferation of HUMSCs on AG microcarriers with different mechanical strengths modulated by gelatin coating was studied, and the harvested cells were characterized to verity their differentiation potential. The obtained core-shell microcarriers were all uniform in size with a high mono-dispersity (CV < 5 %). An increase in the gelatin surface coating concentration from 0.5 % to 1.5 % would lead to the reduction in both the particle size of the microcarriers and swelling ratio upon the contact of culture medium, but increased elastic modulus. Microcarriers of 245.12 μm with a gelatin coating elastic modulus of 27.5 kPa (AG10) were found to be the optimal substrate for HUMSCs with an initial attachment efficiency of 44.41 % and a 5-day expansion efficiency of 647 %. The cells harvested from AG10 still reserved their outstanding pluripotency. Fresh AG10 could smoothly transfer cells from a running microcarrier-cell system of confluence to serve as a convenient way of scaling-up the existing culture. The current study thus developed suitable microcarriers, AG10, for in vitro HUMSCs expansion with well reserve of cell multipotency, and also provided a manufacturing and surface manipulating strategy of precise production and fine regulation of microcarrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiling Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ziyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiqian Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chenjing An
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiahao Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhihua Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China..
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China..
| | - Lian Cen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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14
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Yang IH, Kuan CY, Chen ZY, Li CH, Chi CY, Lin YY, Liang YJ, Kuo WT, Li YA, Lin FH. Engineered cell-laden thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-immobilized gelatin microspheres as 3D cell carriers for regenerative medicine. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100266. [PMID: 35517579 PMCID: PMC9062325 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have focused on using cell carriers to solve the problem of mesenchymal stem cell expansion on regenerative medicine. However, the disadvantages of using prolonged enzymatic treatment and low cell harvest efficiency still trouble researchers. In this study, PNIPAAm-immobilized gelatin microspheres (abbreviated as GNMS) were synthesized using a simple power-driven flow-focusing microinjection system. The developed thermosensitive GNMS can allow easier harvesting of cells from the microspheres, requiring only 10 min of low-temperature treatment and 5 min of trypsin treatment. The developed GNMS was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Further, live/dead staining, F-actin staining, and PrestoBlue cell viability assays were used to evaluate cytotoxicity, cell morphology, cell proliferation, and harvest efficiency. The gene expression of stem cell markers was determined by real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) analysis to investigate the stemness and phenotypic changes in Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The results showed that the engineered cell-laden thermosensitive GNMS could significantly increase the cell harvest rate with over 99% cell survival rate and no change in the cell phenotype. Thus, the described strategy GNMS could be the suitable 3D cell carriers in the therapeutic application and opens new avenues for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yung Kuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Han Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chi
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jyun Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Main BJ, Maffulli N, Valk JA, Rodriguez HC, Gupta M, El-Amin SF, Gupta A. Umbilical Cord-Derived Wharton's Jelly for Regenerative Medicine Applications: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111090. [PMID: 34832872 PMCID: PMC8618385 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal ailments affect millions of people around the world and place a high burden on healthcare. Traditional treatment modalities are limited and do not address underlying pathologies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as an exciting therapeutic alternative and Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJSCs) are some of these. This review reports the clinical and functional outcomes of the applications of WJSCs in orthopedic surgery. A systematic review was conducted utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The studies that used culture-expanded, mesenchymal stem or stromal cells, MSCs and/or connective tissues procured from Wharton’s jelly (WJ), from January 2010 to October 2021, were included. Conventional non-operative therapies and placebos were used as comparisons. Six studies that directly discussed WJSCs use in an animal model or the basic scientific testing using an injury model were identified. Five publications studied cartilage injury, three studied degenerative disc disease, one was related to osteoarthritis, and one was related to osteochondral defects. The results of these studies suggested the benefits of WJSCs in the management of these orthopedic pathologies. To adequately assess the safety and efficacy of WJSCs in orthopedic surgery, further randomized controlled clinical studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Main
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beaumont Hospital Farmington Hills, Farmington Hills, MI 48336, USA; (B.J.M.); (J.A.V.)
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London E1 4DG, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Josiah A. Valk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beaumont Hospital Farmington Hills, Farmington Hills, MI 48336, USA; (B.J.M.); (J.A.V.)
| | | | - Manu Gupta
- Polar Aesthetics Dental & Cosmetic Centre, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Saadiq F. El-Amin
- El-Amin Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Institute, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA;
- BioIntegrate, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
| | - Ashim Gupta
- BioIntegrate, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Guenther R, Dreschers S, Maassen J, Reibert D, Skazik-Voogt C, Gutermuth A. The Treasury of Wharton's Jelly. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1627-1638. [PMID: 34647276 PMCID: PMC9209346 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Postnatal umbilical cord tissue contains valuable mesenchymal progenitor cells of various differentiation stages. While mesenchymal stem cells are plastic-adherent and tend to differentiate into myofibroblastic phenotypes, some round cells detach, float above the adherent cells, and build up cell aggregates, or form spheroids spontaneously. Very small luminescent cells are always involved as single cells or within collective forms and resemble the common well-known very small embryonic-like cells (VSELs). In this study, we investigated these VSELs-like cells in terms of their pluripotency phenotype and tri-lineage differentiation potential. Methods VSELs-like cells were isolated from cell-culture supernatants by a process that combines filtering, up concentration, and centrifugation. To determine their pluripotency character, we measured the expression of Nanog, Sox-2, Oct-4, SSEA-1, CXCR4, SSEA-4 on gene and protein level. In addition, the cultured cells derived from UC tissue were examined regarding their potential to differentiate into three germ layers. Result The VSELs-like cells express all of the pluripotency-associated markers we investigated and are able to differentiate into meso- endo- and ectodermal precursor cells. Conclusions Umbilical cord tissue hosts highly potent VSELs-like stem cells. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12015-021-10217-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Guenther
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Dreschers
- Clinic for Gynaecology, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessika Maassen
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Reibert
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Skazik-Voogt
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Gutermuth
- Department for Applied Cell Biology, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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17
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Zhao N, Gao YF, Bao L, Lei J, An HX, Pu FX, Cheng RP, Chen J, Ni H, Sui BD, Ji FP, Hu CH. Glycemic control by umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes effects of fasting-mimicking diet on type 2 diabetic mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:395. [PMID: 34256832 PMCID: PMC8278637 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is a big hurdle to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). Fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) has been shown to be an effective intervention in dyslipidemia of T2D. However, fasting may impair the normal glucose metabolism. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) transplantation has been discovered to regulate immune reactions and reduce hyperglycemia in diabetes. However, the effect of UC-MSCs on improving the lipid metabolism disorder is not quite satisfactory. We have investigated the efficacy comparison and interaction between FMD and UC-MSC infusion, aiming to establish effective T2D therapies and explore its mechanism. METHODS C57/BL6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model. Leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice were used for follow-up experiments. DIO or db/db mice were divided into 4 groups: phosphate buffer saline (PBS), UC-MSCs, FMD, and UC-MSCs + FMD. At the end of the study period, mice were fasted and sacrificed, with the measurement of physiological and biochemical indexes. In addition, the fresh liver, skin, and white adipose tissue were analyzed by histology. RESULTS FMD restored the lipid metabolism in DIO mice, whereas its capacity to rescue hyperglycemia was uncertain. Infusion of UC-MSCs was effective in T2D glycemic control but the impact on dyslipidemia was insufficient. Furthermore, both the glucose and the lipid alterations of DIO and db/db mice recovered after UC-MSCs combined with FMD. It was proved that UC-MSCs promoted FMD effects on ameliorating hyperglycemia and restoring the lipid metabolism in T2D mice, while FMD had little promotion effect on UC-MSCs. Mechanistically, we discovered that UC-MSC infusion significantly modulated systematic inflammatory microenvironment, which contributed to concerted actions with FMD. CONCLUSIONS We established a strategy that combined UC-MSC infusion and FMD and was effective in treating T2D, which provided potential approaches for developing novel clinical T2D therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Feng Gao
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Xiao An
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Xing Pu
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ping Cheng
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ni
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan-Pu Ji
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Al Naem M, Bourebaba L, Kucharczyk K, Röcken M, Marycz K. Therapeutic mesenchymal stromal stem cells: Isolation, characterization and role in equine regenerative medicine and metabolic disorders. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:301-322. [PMID: 31797146 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have become a popular treatment modality in equine orthopaedics. Regenerative therapies are especially interesting for pathologies like complicated tendinopathies of the distal limb, osteoarthritis, osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and more recently metabolic disorders. Main sources for MSC harvesting in the horse are bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord blood. While the acquisition of umbilical cord blood is fairly easy and non-invasive, extraction of bone marrow and adipose tissue requires more invasive techniques. Characterization of the stem cells as a result of any isolation method, is also a crucial step for the confirmation of the cells' stemness properties; thus, three main characteristics must be fulfilled by these cells, namely: adherence, expression of a series of well-defined differentiation clusters as well as pluripotency. EVs, resulting from the paracrine action of MSCs, also play a key role in the therapeutic mechanisms mediated by stem cells; MSC-EVs are thus largely implicated in the regulation of proliferation, maturation, polarization and migration of various target cells. Evidence that EVs alone represent a complex network 0involving different soluble factors and could then reflect biophysical characteristics of parent cells has fuelled the importance of developing highly specific techniques for their isolation and analysis. All these aspects related to the functional and technical understanding of MSCs will be discussed and summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Al Naem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.,International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michael Röcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany. .,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland. .,International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland.
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19
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Lindsay SL, Barnett SC. Therapeutic Potential of Niche-Specific Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040901. [PMID: 33919910 PMCID: PMC8070966 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for transplant-mediated repair represents an important and promising therapeutic strategy after spinal cord injury (SCI). The appeal of MSCs has been fuelled by their ease of isolation, immunosuppressive properties, and low immunogenicity, alongside the large variety of available tissue sources. However, despite reported similarities in vitro, MSCs sourced from distinct tissues may not have comparable biological properties in vivo. There is accumulating evidence that stemness, plasticity, immunogenicity, and adaptability of stem cells is largely controlled by tissue niche. The extrinsic impact of cellular niche for MSC repair potential is therefore important, not least because of its impact on ex vivo expansion for therapeutic purposes. It is likely certain niche-targeted MSCs are more suited for SCI transplant-mediated repair due to their intrinsic capabilities, such as inherent neurogenic properties. In addition, the various MSC anatomical locations means that differences in harvest and culture procedures can make cross-comparison of pre-clinical data difficult. Since a clinical grade MSC product is inextricably linked with its manufacture, it is imperative that cells can be made relatively easily using appropriate materials. We discuss these issues and highlight the importance of identifying the appropriate niche-specific MSC type for SCI repair.
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20
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Toyota A, Shinagawa R, Mano M, Tokioka K, Suda N. Regeneration in Experimental Alveolar Bone Defect Using Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689720975391. [PMID: 33573392 PMCID: PMC7883160 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720975391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip and palate is a congenital disorder including cleft lip, and/or cleft palate, and/or alveolar cleft, with high incidence.The alveolar cleft causes morphological and functional abnormalities. To obtain bone bridge formation and continuous structure between alveolar clefts, surgical interventions are performed from infancy to childhood. However, desirable bone bridge formation is not obtained in many cases. Regenerative medicine using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is expected to be a useful strategy to obtain sufficient bone bridge formation between alveolar clefts. In this study, we examined the effect of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs by transplantation into a rat experimental alveolar cleft model. Human umbilical cords were digested enzymatically and the isolated cells were collected (UC-EZ cells). Next, CD146-positive cells were enriched from UC-EZ cells by magnetic-activated cell sorting (UC-MACS cells). UC-EZ and UC-MACS cells showed MSC gene/protein expression, in vitro. Both cells had multipotency and could differentiate to osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages under the differentiation-inducing media. However, UC-EZ cells lacked Sox2 expression and showed the lower ratio of MSCs than UC-MACS cells. Thus, UC-MACS cells were transplanted with hydroxyapatite and collagen (HA + Col) into alveolar cleft model to evaluate bone formation in vivo. The results of micro computed tomography and histological staining showed that UC-MACS cells with HA + Col induced more abundant bone formation between the experimental alveolar clefts than HA + Col implantation only. Cells immunopositive for osteopontin were accumulated along the bone surface and some of them were embedded in the bone. Cells immunopositive for human-specific mitochondria were aligned along the newly formed bone surface and in the new bone, suggesting that UC-MACS cells contributed to the bone bridge formation between alveolar clefts. These findings indicate that human umbilical cords are reliable bioresource and UC-MACS cells are useful for the alveolar cleft regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Toyota
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rei Shinagawa
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Mano
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tokioka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoto Suda
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
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21
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Seo MS, Kang KK, Oh SK, Sung SE, Kim KS, Kwon YS, Yun S. Isolation and Characterization of Feline Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8020024. [PMID: 33562192 PMCID: PMC7915203 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton’s jelly is a well-known mesenchymal stem cell source in many species, including humans. However, there have been no reports confirming the presence of mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton’s jelly in cats. The purpose of this study was to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the Wharton’s jelly of cats and to characterize stem cells. In this study, feline Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (fWJ-MSCs) were isolated and successfully cultured. fWJ-MSCs were maintained and the proliferative potential was measured by cumulative population doubling level (CPDL) test, scratch test, and colony forming unit (CFU) test. Stem cell marker, karyotyping and immunophenotyping analysis by flow cytometry showed that fWJ-MSCs possessed characteristic mesenchymal stem cell markers. To confirm the differentiation potential, we performed osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic induction under each differentiation condition. fWJ-MSCs has the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages, including osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. This study shows that Wharton’s jelly of cat can be a good source of mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, fWJ-MSCs may be useful for stem cell-based therapeutic applications in feline medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Seo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.-S.S.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-K.O.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.-S.S.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-K.O.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Se-Kyung Oh
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.-S.S.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-K.O.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Soo-Eun Sung
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.-S.S.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-K.O.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Kil-Soo Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.-S.S.); (K.-K.K.); (S.-K.O.); (S.-E.S.); (K.-S.K.)
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Young-Sam Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (S.Y.); Tel.: +82 53-950-5963 (S.Y.); Fax: +82-52-950-5955 (S.Y.)
| | - Sungho Yun
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.K.); (S.Y.); Tel.: +82 53-950-5963 (S.Y.); Fax: +82-52-950-5955 (S.Y.)
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22
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Main BJ, Valk JA, Maffulli N, Rodriguez HC, Gupta M, Stone IW, El-Amin SF, Gupta A. Umbilical cord-derived Wharton's jelly for regenerative medicine applications in orthopedic surgery: a systematic review protocol. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:527. [PMID: 33176838 PMCID: PMC7659052 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal injuries and conditions affect millions of individuals. These ailments are typically managed by immobilization, physiotherapy, or activity modification. Regenerative medicine has experienced tremendous growth in the past decades, especially in musculoskeletal medicine. Umbilical cord-derived Wharton's jelly is an exciting new option for such therapies. Wharton's jelly is a connective tissue located within the umbilical cord largely composed of mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular matrix components, including collagen, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and sulfated proteoglycans. Wharton's jelly is a promising and applicable biologic source for orthopedic regenerative application. METHODS A systematic search will be conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases of English, Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese language articles published to date. References will be screened and assessed for eligibility by two independent reviewers as per PRISMA guidelines. Articles will be considered without exclusion to sex, activity, or age. Studies will be included if they used culture-expanded, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells of mesenchymal stem cells and/or connective tissue obtained from Wharton's jelly. Studies will be excluded if Wharton's jelly is not the sole experimental examined cell type. Placebos, conventional non-operative therapies including steroid injections, exercise, and NSAIDs will be compared. The study selection process will be performed independently by two reviewers using a reference software. Data synthesis and meta-analysis will be performed separately for clinical and pre-clinical studies. DISCUSSION The results will be published in relevant peer-reviewed scientific journals. Investigators will present results at national or international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol was registered on PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews prior to commencement, CRD42020182487 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Main
- Beaumont Hospital Farmington Hills, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
| | - Josiah A Valk
- Beaumont Hospital Farmington Hills, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona Hospital "Clinica Orthopedica" Department, Hospital of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, London, England
| | - Hugo C Rodriguez
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA
- South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute, Laredo, TX, USA
| | - Manu Gupta
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA, USA
| | - Ian W Stone
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saadiq F El-Amin
- El-Amin Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Institute, Duluth, GA, USA
- BioIntegrate Inc., 2505 Newpoint Pkwy, Suite 100-A, Lawrenceville, GA, 30043, USA
| | - Ashim Gupta
- South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute, Laredo, TX, USA.
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA, USA.
- BioIntegrate Inc., 2505 Newpoint Pkwy, Suite 100-A, Lawrenceville, GA, 30043, USA.
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23
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Rodriguez HC, Gupta M, Cavazos-Escobar E, El-Amin SF, Gupta A. Umbilical cord: an allogenic tissue for potential treatment of COVID-19. Hum Cell 2020; 34:1-13. [PMID: 33033884 PMCID: PMC7544522 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented burden on health care systems and economies around the globe. Clinical evidences demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection produces detrimental levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and significant systemic organ damage. Currently, there is no definitive therapy for COVID-19 or associated complications, and with the hope of a safe and effective vaccine in the distant future, the search for an answer is paramount. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a viable option due to their immunomodulatory effects and tissue repair and regeneration abilities. Studies have demonstrated that compassionate use of MSCs can reduce symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, eliminate fluid buildup, and act as a regenerative technique for alveolar damage; all in a safe and effective way. With multiple autologous sources available for MSCs, each with their own respective limitations, allogenic umbilical cord (UC) and/or UC-derived Wharton’s jelly (WJ) seem to be best positioned source to harvest MSCs to treat COVID-19 and associated symptoms. As an allogenic source, UC is readily available, easily obtainable, and is rich in immunomodulatory and regenerative factors. In this manuscript, we reviewed the current evidences and explored the potential therapeutic use of allogenic UC and/or WJ-derived MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19. Although, preliminary preclinical and clinical studies indicate that their use is safe and potentially effective, more multi-center, randomized, controlled trials are needed to adequately assess the safety and efficacy of UC and/or WJ-derived MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo C Rodriguez
- Future Biologics, 1110 Ballpark Ln Apt 5109, Lawrenceville, GA, 30043, USA.,Future Physicians of South Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA.,School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA.,South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute, Laredo, TX, USA
| | - Manu Gupta
- Future Biologics, 1110 Ballpark Ln Apt 5109, Lawrenceville, GA, 30043, USA
| | - Emilio Cavazos-Escobar
- Future Physicians of South Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA.,University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Saadiq F El-Amin
- El-Amin Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Institute, Lawrenceville, GA, USA.,BioIntegrate, Lawrenceville, GA, USA
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Future Biologics, 1110 Ballpark Ln Apt 5109, Lawrenceville, GA, 30043, USA. .,South Texas Orthopaedic Research Institute, Laredo, TX, USA. .,BioIntegrate, Lawrenceville, GA, USA. .,Veterans in Pain, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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24
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Zolfaghar M, Mirzaeian L, Beiki B, Naji T, Moini A, Eftekhari-Yazdi P, Akbarinejad V, Vernengo AJ, Fathi R. Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into oocyte like cells in vitro by follicular fluid and cumulus cells conditioned medium. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04992. [PMID: 33088934 PMCID: PMC7560581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly derived-mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) have a same developmental origin with primordial germ cells. WJ-MSCs perhaps differentiate into oocyte and germ like-cells (OLCs/GLCs) in the presence of appropriate inducers. Human follicular fluid (FF) and cumulus cells conditioned medium (CCM) are naturally rich sources for oocyte development. The aim of this study was to evaluate WJ-MSCs potential for differentiating into OLCs and GLCs exposed to FF and CCM. WJ-MSCs were cultured in two different induction media (10% FF, 10% CCM) for 21 days. Morphological changes and expression of developmental genes were evaluated on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of culture. Also, on 21st day of culture, the expression of oocyte and germ cell proteins investigated using immunofluorescence staining. Appearance of round shaped cells from 7th day onwards indicated that WJ-MSCs can differentiate into OLCs when exposed to FF and CCM. The size of produced OLCs and expression of oocyte specific genes and proteins were increased more positively in FF group rather than CCM group. Although, WJ-MSCs could differentiate into OLCs by FF and CCM, however, the induction potential of FF for producing OLCs was better than CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Zolfaghar
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, IAUPS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mirzaeian
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Beiki
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Naji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, IAUPS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Akbarinejad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea J Vernengo
- Rowan University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Ramallo M, Carreras-Sánchez I, López-Fernández A, Vélez R, Aguirre M, Feldman S, Vives J. Advances in translational orthopaedic research with species-specific multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the umbilical cord. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:19-30. [PMID: 32914860 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Compliance with current regulations for the development of innovative medicines require the testing of candidate therapies in relevant translational animal models prior to human use. This poses a great challenge when the drug is composed of cells, not only because of the living nature of the active ingredient but also due to its human origin, which can subsequently lead to a xenogeneic response in the animals. Although immunosuppression is a plausible solution, this is not suitable for large animals and may also influence the results of the study by altering mechanisms of action that are, in fact, poorly understood. For this reason, a number of procedures have been developed to isolate homologous species-specific cell types to address preclinical pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology. In this work, we present and discuss advances in the methodologies for derivation of multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells derived from the umbilical cord, in general, and Wharton's jelly, in particular, from medium to large animals of interest in orthopaedics research, as well as current and potential applications in studies addressing proof of concept and preclinical regulatory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Ramallo
- School of Medicine, LABOATEM, - Osteoarticular Biology, Tissue Engineering and Emerging Therapies Laboratory, Biological Chemistry Cat., School of Medicine, National Rosario University, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Alba López-Fernández
- Servei de Teràpia Cellular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain.,Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Vélez
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Màrius Aguirre
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Feldman
- School of Medicine, LABOATEM, - Osteoarticular Biology, Tissue Engineering and Emerging Therapies Laboratory, Biological Chemistry Cat., School of Medicine, National Rosario University, Argentina.,Researh Council of the Rosario National University, (CIUNR) and CONICET, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Joaquim Vives
- Servei de Teràpia Cellular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain.,Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Tomar NR, Bhat IA, Bharti MK, John JK, Sharma V, Chandra V, Sharma GT, Saikumar G. Isolation and propagation of classical swine fever virus in porcine Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:629-637. [PMID: 32885744 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1813151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Classical Swine Fever (CSF) is an extremely infectious and deadly disease of pigs and wild boars caused by the CSF virus (CSFV) which is a member of the Pestivirus genus and the family Flaviviridae. This study was designed to detect the permissibility and replication of CSFV in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) monolayer derived from Porcine Wharton's jelly. Porcine Wharton's jelly MSCs (pWJ-MSCs) were ex vivo expanded and propagated for more than 81 generations and third passage pWJ-MSCs were characterized as per standard criteria i.e., growth characteristics, trilineage differentiation potential and molecular characterization for pluripotency and stem cell surface markers. Porcine WJ tissue samples found negative for CSFV by RT-PCR test were processed further for the isolation of pWJ-MSCs and CSFV was propagated over the characterized pWJ-MSCs monolayer. No cytopathic effect was observed, which was consistent with non-cytopathic nature of CSFV. The replication of CSFV in pWJ-MSCs was affirmed by RT-PCR and demonstration of viral antigen in the cytoplasm of virus infected cells by immuno-staining technique. In total, three different CSFV isolates were propagated in pWJ-MSCs. Primary pWJ-MSCs permitted CSFV replication to good titer. To the best of our information, this is the first ever report of isolation of CSFV in pWJ-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam R Tomar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Irfan A Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Mukesh K Bharti
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, India
| | - Jeny K John
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Jaipur, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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27
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Bovine tongue epithelium-derived cells: A new source of bovine mesenchymal stem cells. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:222523. [PMID: 32232387 PMCID: PMC7167252 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, and thus, confer great potential for use in regenerative medicine and biotechnology. In the present study, we attempted to isolate and characterize bovine tongue tissue epithelium-derived MSCs (boT-MSCs) and investigate the culture conditions required for long-term culturing of boT-MSCs. boT-MSCs were successfully isolated by the collagenase digestion method and their proliferative capacity was maintained for up to 20 or more passages. We observed a significant increase in the proliferation of boT-MSCs during the 20 consecutive passages under low-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium culture condition among the three culture conditions. These boT-MSCs presented pluripotency markers (octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (Oct3/4) and sex determining region Y-box2 (Sox2)) and cell surface markers, which included CD13, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) but not CD11b, CD14, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD80, CD86, CD106, CD117, and MHC-II at third passage. Moreover, these boT-MSCs could differentiate into mesodermal (adipocyte, osteocyte, and chondrocyte) cell lineages. Thus, the present study suggests that the tongue of bovines could be used as a source of bovine MSCs.
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28
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Wright A, Snyder L, Knights K, He H, Springer NL, Lillich J, Weiss ML. A Protocol for the Isolation, Culture, and Cryopreservation of Umbilical Cord-Derived Canine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Role of Cell Attachment in Long-Term Maintenance. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:695-713. [PMID: 32148170 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to create a variable localized anti-inflammatory effect in injuries such as Crohn's disease and osteoarthritis or by incorporation in tissue engineered constructs. Currently, the MSC literature uses rodents for preclinical disease models. There is growing interest in using naturally occurring disease in large animals for modeling human disease. By review of the canine MSCs literature, it appears that canine MSCs can be difficult to maintain in culture for extended passages and this greatly varies between tissue sources, compared with human and rodent MSCs, and limited lifespan is an obstacle for preclinical investigation and therapeutic use. Research using canine MSCs has been focused on cells derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue, and the differences in manufacturing MSCs between laboratories are problematic due to lack of standardization. To address these issues, here, a stepwise process was used to optimize canine MSCs isolation, expansion, and cryopreservation utilizing canine umbilical cord-derived MSCs. The culture protocol utilizes coating of tissue culture surfaces that increases cellular adherence, increases colony-forming units-fibroblast efficiency, and decreases population doubling times. Canine MSCs isolated with our protocol could be maintained longer than published canine MSCs methods before senescing. Our improved cryopreservation protocols produce on average >90% viable MSCs at thaw. These methods enable master-bank and working-bank scenarios for allogeneic MSC testing in naturally occurring disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Larry Snyder
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Kaori Knights
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Hong He
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Nora L Springer
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - James Lillich
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.,The Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biology, Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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29
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Human Wharton's Jelly-Cellular Specificity, Stemness Potency, Animal Models, and Current Application in Human Clinical Trials. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041102. [PMID: 32290584 PMCID: PMC7230974 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies offer a great promise for regenerative and reconstructive medicine, due to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity. Although embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, their utilization involves embryo destruction and is ethically controversial. Therefore, adult tissues that have emerged as an alternative source of stem cells and perinatal tissues, such as the umbilical cord, appear to be particularly attractive. Wharton's jelly, a gelatinous connective tissue contained in the umbilical cord, is abundant in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that express CD105, CD73, CD90, Oct-4, Sox-2, and Nanog among others, and have the ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and other lineages. Moreover, Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) do not express MHC-II and exhibit immunomodulatory properties, which makes them a good alternative for allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantations in cellular therapies. Therefore, umbilical cord, especially Wharton's jelly, is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Semina EV, Rubina KA, Shmakova AA, Rysenkova KD, Klimovich PS, Aleksanrushkina NA, Sysoeva VY, Karagyaur MN, Tkachuk VA. Downregulation of uPAR promotes urokinase translocation into the nucleus and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in neuroblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6268-6286. [PMID: 31990070 PMCID: PMC7318179 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The urokinase system is involved in a variety of physiological processes, such as fibrinolysis, matrix remodeling, wound healing, and regeneration. Upon binding to its cognate receptor urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and the activation of matrix metalloproteases. Apart from this, uPA–uPAR interaction can lead to the activation of transcription factors, mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways and RTK cascades. Elevated expression of uPA and uPAR is markedly associated with cancer progression and metastasis and correlates with a poor prognosis in clinics. Targeting the urokinase system has proved to be effective in experimental models in vitro and in vivo, however, in clinics the inhibition of the uPA/uPAR system has fallen short of expectations, suggesting that the question of the functional relevance of uPA/uPAR system is far from being moot. Recently, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we have shown that uPAR knockout decreases the proliferation of neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells in vitro. In the present study we demonstrate that uPAR expression is essential for maintaining the epithelial phenotype in Neuro2a cells and that uPAR silencing promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased cell migration. Accordingly, uPAR knockout results in the downregulation of epithelial markers (E‐cadherin, occludin, and claudin‐5) and in the increase of mesenchymal markers (N‐cadherin, α‐smooth muscle actin, and interleukin‐6). In search of the molecular mechanism underlying these changes, we identified uPA as a key component. Two key insights emerged as a result of this work: in the absence of uPAR, uPA is translocated into the nucleus where it is presumably involved in the activation of transcription factors (nuclear factor κB and Snail) resulting in EMT. In uPAR‐expressing cells, uPAR functions as a uPA “trap” that binds uPA on the cell surface and promotes controlled uPA internalization and degradation in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Semina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Organization National Cardiology Research Center Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya A Rubina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Morohogenesis and Tissue Reparation, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Shmakova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Organization National Cardiology Research Center Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Karina D Rysenkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Organization National Cardiology Research Center Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina S Klimovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Organization National Cardiology Research Center Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A Aleksanrushkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika Y Sysoeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim N Karagyaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod A Tkachuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Organization National Cardiology Research Center Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Widowati W, Gunanegara RF, Rizal R, Widodo WS, Amalia A, Wibowo SHB, Handono K, Marlina M, Lister INE, Chiuman L. Comparative Analysis of Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell (WJ-MSCs) Isolated Using Explant and Enzymatic Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1374/1/012024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Is There a Noninvasive Source of MSCs Isolated with GMP Methods with Better Osteogenic Potential? Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7951696. [PMID: 31781247 PMCID: PMC6875366 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7951696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A new trend in the treatment for alveolar clefts in patients with cleft lip and palate involves the use of bone tissue engineering strategies to reduce or eliminate the morbidity associated with autologous bone grafting. The use of mesenchymal stem cells—autologous cells obtained from tissues such as bone marrow and fat—combined with various biomaterials has been proposed as a viable option for use in cleft patients. However, invasive procedures are necessary to obtain the mesenchymal stem cells from these two sources. To eliminate donor site morbidity, noninvasive stem cell sources such as the umbilical cord, orbicularis oris muscle, and deciduous dental pulp have been studied for use in alveolar cleft bone tissue engineering. In this study, we evaluate the osteogenic potential of these various stem cell types. Methods Ten cellular strains obtained from each different source (umbilical cord, orbicularis oris muscle, or deciduous dental pulp) were induced to osteogenic differentiation in vitro, and the bone matrix deposition of each primary culture was quantified. To evaluate whether greater osteogenic potential of the established mesenchymal stem cell strains was associated with an increase in the expression profile of neural crest genes, real-time qPCR was performed on the following genes: SRY-box 9, SRY-box 10, nerve growth factor receptor, transcription factor AP-2 alpha, and paired box 3. Results The mesenchymal stem cells obtained from deciduous dental pulp and orbicularis oris muscle demonstrated increased osteogenic potential with significantly more extracellular bone matrix deposition when compared to primary cultures obtained from the umbilical cord after twenty-one days in culture (p = 0.007 and p = 0.005, respectively). The paired box 3 gene was more highly expressed in the MSCs obtained from deciduous dental pulp and orbicularis oris muscle than in those obtained from the umbilical cord. Conclusion These results suggest that deciduous dental pulp and orbicularis oris muscle stem cells demonstrate superior osteogenic differentiation potential relative to umbilical cord-derived stem cells and that this increased potential is related to their neural crest origins. Based on these observations, and the distinct translational advantage of incorporating stem cells from noninvasive tissue sources into tissue engineering protocols, greater study of these specific cell lines in the setting of alveolar cleft repair is indicated.
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Potential Effect of SOX2 on the Cell Cycle of Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells (WJSCs). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5084689. [PMID: 31281582 PMCID: PMC6589191 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5084689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The connective tissue of the umbilical cord contains stem cells called Wharton's jelly cells. These cells express core transcription factors (NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2). The protein product of the SOX2 gene controls the cell cycle by interacting with cyclin D (directly and indirectly) and cycle inhibitors—p21 and p27, as well as two E2f3 protein isoforms. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of SOX2 on the cell cycle of stem cells of Wharton's jelly. The material for the study was the stem cells of Wharton's jelly isolated from 20 umbilical cords collected during childbirth. The stem cells collected were subjected to cytometric analysis, cell culture, and RNA isolation. cDNA was the starting material for the analysis of gene expression: SOX2, CCND1, CDK4, and CDKN1B. The studies indicate a high proliferative potential of the Wharton's jelly stem cells and the inhibitory effect of SOX2 on the expression of the CCND1 and CDK4 gene.
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Vawda R, Badner A, Hong J, Mikhail M, Lakhani A, Dragas R, Xhima K, Barretto T, Librach CL, Fehlings MG. Early Intravenous Infusion of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Exerts a Tissue Source Age-Dependent Beneficial Effect on Neurovascular Integrity and Neurobehavioral Recovery After Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:639-649. [PMID: 30912623 PMCID: PMC6591557 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized vascular disruption after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a cascade of secondary events, including inflammation, gliosis, and scarring, that can further impact recovery. In addition to immunomodulatory and neurotrophic properties, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess pericytic characteristics. These features make MSCs an ideal candidate for acute cell therapy targeting vascular disruption, which could reduce the severity of secondary injury, enhance tissue preservation and repair, and ultimately promote functional recovery. A moderately severe cervical clip compression/contusion injury was induced at C7‐T1 in adult female rats, followed by an intravenous tail vein infusion 1 hour post‐SCI of (a) term‐birth human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs); (b) first‐trimester human umbilical cord perivascular cells (FTM HUCPVCs); (c) adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; or (d) vehicle control. Weekly behavioral testing was performed. Rats were sacrificed at 24 hours or 10 weeks post‐SCI and immunohistochemistry and ultrasound imaging were performed. Both term and FTM HUCPVC‐infused rats displayed improved (p < .05) grip strength compared with vehicle controls. However, only FTM HUCPVC‐infusion led to significant weight gain. All cell infusion treatments resulted in reduced glial scarring (p < .05). Cell infusion also led to increased axonal, myelin, and vascular densities (p < .05). Although post‐traumatic cavity volume was reduced with cell infusion, this did not reach significance. Taken together, we demonstrate selective long‐term functional recovery alongside histological improvements with HUCPVC infusion in a clinically relevant model of cervical SCI. Our findings highlight the potential of these cells for acute therapeutic intervention after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reaz Vawda
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Badner
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mirriam Mikhail
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alam Lakhani
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Dragas
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristiana Xhima
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery and Spinal Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Calle A, López-Martín S, Monguió-Tortajada M, Borràs FE, Yáñez-Mó M, Ramírez MÁ. Bovine endometrial MSC: mesenchymal to epithelial transition during luteolysis and tropism to implantation niche for immunomodulation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:23. [PMID: 30635057 PMCID: PMC6330450 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The uterus is a histologically dynamic organ, and the mechanisms coordinating its regeneration during the oestrous cycle and implantation are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to isolate, immortalize and characterize bovine endometrial mesenchymal stem cell (eMSC) lines from different oestrous cycle stages (embryo in the oviduct, embryo in the uterus or absence of embryo) and examine their migratory and immunomodulatory properties in an inflammatory or implantation-like environment, as well as possible changes in cell transdifferentiation. Methods eMSCs were isolated and analysed in terms of morphological features, expression of cell surface and intracellular markers of pluripotency, inmunocytochemical analyses, alkaline phosphatase activity, proliferation and osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation capacities, as well as their ability to migrate in response to inflammatory (TNF-α or IL-1β) or implantation (IFN-τ) cytokines and their immunomodulatory effect in the proliferation of T cells. Results All eMSCs showed MSC properties such as adherence to plastic, high proliferative capacity, expression of CD44 and vimentin, undetectable expression of CD34 or MHCII, positivity for Pou5F1 and alkaline phosphatase activity. In the absence of an embryo, eMSC showed an apparent mesenchymal to epithelial transition state. eMSC during the entire oestrous cycle differentiated to osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages, showed the ability to suppress T cell proliferation and showed migratory capacity towards pro-inflammatory signal, while responded with a block in their migration to the embryo-derived pregnancy signal. Conclusion This study describes for the first time the isolation, immortalization and characterization of bovine mesenchymal stem cell lines from different oestrous cycle stages, with a clear mesenchymal pattern and immunomodulatory properties. Our study also reports that the migratory capacity of the eMSC was increased towards an inflammatory niche but was reduced in response to the expression of implantation cytokine by the embryo. The combination of both signals (pro-inflammatory and implantation) would ensure the retention of eMSC in case of pregnancy, to ensure the immunomodulation necessary in the mother for embryo survival. In addition, in the absence of an embryo, eMSC showed an apparent mesenchymal to epithelial transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Calle
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- REMAR Group and Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Institute & University Hospital, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc Enric Borràs
- REMAR Group and Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Institute & University Hospital, UAB, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CBM-SO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramírez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Das CK, Jena BC, Banerjee I, Das S, Parekh A, Bhutia SK, Mandal M. Exosome as a Novel Shuttle for Delivery of Therapeutics across Biological Barriers. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:24-40. [PMID: 30513203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effective delivery of target-specific siRNA to the brain by exploiting the exosomes derived from dendritic cells renders the paradigm shift for the prospective use of nanosized exosomes as a delivery system. Although the in vivo targeting strategies by other nanovesicles like liposomes exist, still this novel exosome-based delivery approach holds an inclusive dominance of in vivo security and reduced immunogenicity. Achieving promising exosome-based delivery strategies warrants more desirable exploration of their biology. Over the years, the invention of novel production, characterization, targeting strategies, and cargo loading techniques of exosome improved its ability to reach clinics. Essentially, exosome-based delivery of therapeutics assures to conquer the major hurdles, like delivery of cargos across impermeable biological barriers, like the blood-brain barrier, biocompatibility, increased solubility, metabolic stability, improved circulation time, target specific delivery, and pharmacokinetics, and thereby enhanced the efficacy of loaded therapeutic agents. In this article, we cover the current status of exosome as a delivery vehicle for therapeutics and the challenges that need to be overcome, and we also discuss future perspectives of this exciting field of research to transform it from bench to clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kanta Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
| | - Bikash Chandra Jena
- School of Medical Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
| | - Aditya Parekh
- School of Medical Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Department of Life Science , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
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Park JS, Kim HK, Kang EY, Cho R, Oh YM. Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Pioglitazone-Augmented Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2018; 82:158-165. [PMID: 30302955 PMCID: PMC6435932 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2018.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A recent study reported that mesenchymal stem cells possess potential cellular therapeutic properties for treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is characterized by emphysema. We examined the potential therapeutic effect of Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs), following pretreatment with pioglitazone, in lung regeneration mouse emphysema models. Methods We used two mouse emphysema models, an elastase-induced model and a cigarette smoke-induced model. We intravenously injected WJMSCs (1×104/mouse) to mice, pretreated or not, with pioglitazone for 7 days. We measured the emphysema severity by mean linear intercepts (MLI) analysis using lung histology. Results Pioglitazone pretreated WJMSCs (pioWJMSCs) were associated with greater lung regeneration than non-augmented WJMSCs in the two mouse emphysema models. In the elastase-induced emphysema model, the MLIs were 59.02±2.42 µm (n=6), 72.80±2.87 µm (n=6), for pioWJMSCs injected mice, and non-augmented WJMSCs injected mice, respectively (p<0.01). Both pioWJMSCs and non-augmented WJMSCs showed regenerative effects in the cigarette smoke emphysema model (MLIs were 41.25±0.98 [n=6] for WJMSCs and38.97±0.61 µm [n=6] for pioWJMSCs) compared to smoking control mice (51.65±1.36 µm, n=6). The mean improvement of MLI appeared numerically better in pioWJMSCs than in non-augmented WJMSCs injected mice, but the difference did not reach the level of statistical significance (p=0.071). Conclusion PioWJMSCs may produce greater lung regeneration, compared to non-augmented WJMSCs, in a mouse emphysema model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun Kuk Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | | | | | - Yeon Mok Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Differences in the intrinsic chondrogenic potential of equine umbilical cord matrix and cord blood mesenchymal stromal/stem cells for cartilage regeneration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13799. [PMID: 30217993 PMCID: PMC6138671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (UCB-MSCs) and umbilical cord matrix MSCs (UCM-MSCs) have chondrogenic potential and are alternative sources to standard surgically derived bone marrow or adipose tissue collection for cartilage engineering. However, the majority of comparative studies explore neonatal MSCs potential only on ISCT benchmark assays accounting for some bias in the reproducibility between in vitro and in clinical studies. Therefore, we characterized equine UCB-MSCs and UCM-MSCs and investigated with particular attention their chondrogenesis potential in 3D culture with BMP-2 + TGF-ß1 in normoxia or hypoxia. We carried out an exhaustive characterization of the extracellular matrix generated by both these two types of MSCs after the induction of chondrogenesis through evaluation of hyaline cartilage, hypertrophic and osteogenic markers (mRNA, protein and histology levels). Some differences in hypoxia sensitivity and chondrogenesis were observed. UCB-MSCs differentiated into chondrocytes express an abundant, dense and a hyaline-like cartilage matrix. By contrast, despite their expression of cartilage markers, UCM-MSCs failed to express a relevant cartilage matrix after chondrogenic induction. Both MSCs types also displayed intrinsic differences at their undifferentiated basal status, UCB-MSCs expressing higher levels of chondrogenic markers whereas UCM-MSCs synthesizing higher amounts of osteogenic markers. Our results suggest that UCB-MSCs should be preferred for ex-vivo horse cartilage engineering. How those results should be translated to in vivo direct cartilage regeneration remains to be determined through dedicated study.
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Calle A, Barrajón-Masa C, Gómez-Fidalgo E, Martín-Lluch M, Cruz-Vigo P, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Ramírez MÁ. Iberian pig mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from dermal skin, abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissues, and peripheral blood: in vitro characterization and migratory properties in inflammation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:178. [PMID: 29973295 PMCID: PMC6032775 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the capacity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) to migrate into damaged tissues has been reported. For MSCs to be a promising tool for tissue engineering and cell and gene therapy, it is essential to know their migration ability according to their tissue of origin. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating porcine MSC chemotaxis. The aim of this study was to examine the migratory properties in an inflammatory environment of porcine MSC lines from different tissue origins: subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCA-MSCs), abdominal adipose tissue (AA-MSCs), dermal skin tissue (DS-MSCs) and peripheral blood (PB-MSCs). Methods SCA-MSCs, AA-MSCs, DS-MSCs and PB-MSCs were isolated and analyzed in terms of morphological features, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of cell surface and intracellular markers of pluripotency, proliferation, in vitro chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities, as well as their ability to migrate in response to inflammatory cytokines. Results SCA-MSCs, AA-MSCs, DS-MSCs and PB-MSCs were isolated and showed plastic adhesion with a fibroblast-like morphology. All MSC lines were positive for CD44, CD105, CD90 and vimentin, characteristic markers of MSCs. The cytokeratin marker was also detected in DS-MSCs. No expression of MHCII or CD34 was detected in any of the four types of MSC. In terms of pluripotency features, all MSC lines expressed POU5F1 and showed alkaline phosphatase activity. SCA-MSCs had a higher growth rate compared to the rest of the cell lines, while the AA-MSC cell line had a longer population doubling time. All MSC lines cultured under adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic conditions showed differentiation capacity to the previously mentioned mesodermal lineages. All MSC lines showed migration ability in an agarose drop assay. DS-MSCs migrated greater distances than the rest of the cell lines both in nonstimulated conditions and in the presence of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. SCA-MSCs and DS-MSCs increased their migration capacity in the presence of IL-1β as compared to PBS control. Conclusions This study describes the isolation and characterization of porcine cell lines from different tissue origin, with clear MSC properties. We show for the first time a comparative study of the migration capacity induced by inflammatory mediators of porcine MSCs of different tissue origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Calle
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Barrajón-Masa
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Gómez-Fidalgo
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Martín-Lluch
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Cruz-Vigo
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramírez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Asgari HR, Akbari M, Yazdekhasti H, Rajabi Z, Navid S, Aliakbari F, Abbasi N, Aval FS, Shams A, Abbasi M. Comparison of Human Amniotic, Chorionic, and Umbilical Cord Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regarding Their Capacity for Differentiation Toward Female Germ Cells. Cell Reprogram 2017; 19:44-53. [PMID: 28112985 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta harbors a plentiful source of various cells with stem cells or stem-like cell properties, which can be used in therapeutic procedures and research. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted much attention due to their specific differentiation potential and tolerogenic properties. MSCs have been isolated from different parts of placenta; however, in this study, we isolated MSCs from amnion and chorion membrane, as well as umbilical cord (Wharton's jelly [WJ]) and compared their capacity regarding differentiation toward female germ cells under influence of 10 ng/mL BMP4. All placenta samples were collected from delivering mothers by normal cesarean section and cells were isolated by different methods. Results showed that all isolated cells were mostly positive for the MSC markers CD73, CD166, and CD105, and minimally reacted with CD34 and CD45 (hematopoietic markers). After differentiation induction using third passage cultured cells, immunocytochemistry staining showed that cells were positive for germline cell-related genes Ssea4, Oct4, and Ddx4, and oocyte-related gene Gdf9. RT-qPCR results indicated that human chorion MSCs (hCMSCs) had a greater potential to be differentiated into female germline cells. Moreover, the results of this study indicate that human umbilical cord MSCs originated from either male or female umbilical cord have the same differentiation potential into female germline cells. We recommend that for presumptive application of MSCs for infertility treatment and research, hUMSCs are best candidates due to their higher differentiation potential, ease of proliferation and expansion, and low immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Asgari
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Yazdekhasti
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rajabi
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadan Navid
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshte Aliakbari
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Abbasi
- 3 Emergency Department of Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Brojen, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Freidon Sargolzaei Aval
- 4 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Shams
- 5 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasi
- 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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41
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Mushahary D, Spittler A, Kasper C, Weber V, Charwat V. Isolation, cultivation, and characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Cytometry A 2017; 93:19-31. [PMID: 29072818 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exhibit a high self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. This set of exceptional features makes them an attractive tool for research and clinical application. However, MSC are far from being a uniform cell type, which makes standardization difficult. The exact properties of human MSC (hMSC) can vary greatly depending on multiple parameters including tissue source, isolation method and medium composition. In this review we address the most important influence factors. We highlight variations in the differentiation potential of MSC from different tissue sources. Furthermore, we compare enzymatic isolation strategies with explants cultures focusing on adipose tissue and umbilical cords as two relevant examples. Additionally, we address effects of medium composition and serum supplementation on MSC expansion and differentiation. The lack of standardized methods for hMSC isolation and cultivation mandates careful evaluation of different protocols regarding efficiency and cell quality. MSC characterization based on a set of minimal criteria defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy is a widely accepted practice, and additional testing for MSC functionality can provide valuable supplementary information. The MSC secretome has been identified as an important signaling mechanism to affect other cells. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attracting increasing interest. The thorough characterization of MSC-derived EVs and their interaction with target cells is a crucial step toward a more complete understanding of MSC-derived EV functionality. Here, we focus on flow cytometric approaches to characterize free as well as cell bound EVs and address potential differences in the bioactivity of EVs derived from stem cells from different sources. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Mushahary
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry & Surgical Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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42
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Adib S, Valojerdi MR. Molecular assessment, characterization, and differentiation of theca stem cells imply the presence of mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cells in sheep ovarian theca layer. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:378-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been proposed as a promising cellular source for the treatment of diseases in nervous systems. NSCs can self-renew and generate major cell types of the mammalian central nervous system throughout adulthood. NSCs exist not only in the embryo, but also in the adult brain neurogenic region: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle. Embryonic stem (ES) cells acquire NSC identity with a default mechanism. Under the regulations of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and fibroblast growth factors, the NSCs then become neural progenitors. Neurotrophic and differentiation factors that regulate gene expression for controlling neural cell fate and function determine the differentiation of neural progenitors in the developing mammalian brain. For clinical application of NSCs in neurodegenerative disorders and damaged neurons, there are several critical problems that remain to be resolved: 1) how to obtain enough NSCs from reliable sources for autologous transplantation; 2) how to regulate neural plasticity of different adult stem cells; 3) how to control differentiation of NSCs in the adult nervous system. In order to understand the mechanisms that control NSC differentiation and behavior, we review the ontogeny of NSCs and other stem cell plasticity of neuronal differentiation. The role of NSCs and their regulation by neurotrophic factors in CNS development are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hsu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Jhunan, Taiwan
| | - Don-Ching Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Jhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Jhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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44
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Li XC, Tang Y, Wu JH, Yang PS, Wang DL, Ruan DK. Characteristics and potentials of stem cells derived from human degenerated nucleus pulposus: potential for regeneration of the intervertebral disc. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:242. [PMID: 28583105 PMCID: PMC5460486 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eliminating the symptoms during treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is only a temporary solution that does not cure the underlying cause. A biological method to treat this disorder may be possible by the newly discovered nucleus pulposus derived stem cells (NPDCs). However, the uncertain characteristics and potential of NPDCs calls for a comprehensive study. METHODS In the present study, nucleus pulposus samples were obtained from 5 patients with IVDD undergoing discectomy procedure and NPDCs were harvested using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) by the co-expression of GD2+ and Tie2+. After in vitro expansion, the properties of NPDCs were compared with those of bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells (BMSCs) from the same subjects. RESULTS NPDCs performed similar properties in cell colony-forming ability, cell proliferation rate, cell cycle and stem cell gene expression similar to those of BMSCs. In addition, NPDCs could be differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, and are found to be superior in chondrogenesis but inferior in adipocyte differentiation. CONCLUSIONS NPDCs derived from the degenerated intervertebral disc still keep the regeneration ability similar to BMSCs. Besides, the superior capacity in chondrogenesis may provide a promising cell candidate for cell-based regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou people’s Hospital, No 89, Xi-Guan Road, Guangdong Guangzhou, 525200 China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Jian-Hong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Pu-Shan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - De-Li Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Di-Ke Ruan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
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45
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Kheirandish M, Gavgani SP, Samiee S. The effect of hypoxia preconditioning on the neural and stemness genes expression profiling in human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:392-399. [PMID: 28428031 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUB-MSCs) has been regarded as an alternative source for stem cell therapy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of hypoxia preconditioning (HPC) on the expression of Nt-3, GFAP, Nestin, Oct-4 and Nanog genes and proliferative capacity of hUB-MSCs in comparison with normoxic conditions. HPC+Hypoxia protocol includes cultured hUB-MSCs for 15min at 2.5% O2 and after that reoxygenation for 30min at 21% O2 (HPC), and then hypoxia preconditioned hUB-MSCs subjected to 2.5% O2 for 72h (Hypoxia). Conclusively, the results showed that hypoxic preconditioning is an effective strategy for enhancing proliferation capacity of hUB-MSCs, and also can trigger expression of some of the neural genes. In addition, the concept of involvement of oxygen tension in the expression of some of the neural genes of hUB-MSCs would be a good sign of enhanced neural differentiation potential in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kheirandish
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somaie Piri Gavgani
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Samiee
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from caprine umbilical cord tissue matrix. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:653-658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Bharti D, Shivakumar SB, Subbarao RB, Rho GJ. Research Advancements in Porcine Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2016. [PMID: 26201864 PMCID: PMC5403966 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x10666150723145911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present era of stem cell biology, various animals such as Mouse, Bovine, Rabbit and Porcine have been tested for the efficiency of their mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) before their actual use for stem cell based application in humans. Among them pigs have many similarities to humans in the form of organ size, physiology and their functioning, therefore they have been considered as a valuable model system for in vitro studies and preclinical assessments. Easy assessability, few ethical issues, successful MSC isolation from different origins like bone marrow, skin, umbilical cord blood, Wharton’s jelly, endometrium, amniotic fluid and peripheral blood make porcine a good model for stem cell therapy. Porcine derived MSCs (pMSCs) have shown greater in vitro differentiation and transdifferention potential towards mesenchymal lineages and specialized lineages such as cardiomyocytes, neurons, hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells. Immunomodulatory and low immunogenic profiles as shown by autologous and heterologous MSCs proves them safe and appropriate models for xenotransplantation purposes. Furthermore, tissue engineered stem cell constructs can be of immense importance in relation to various osteochondral defects which are difficult to treat otherwise. Using pMSCs successful treatment of various disorders like Parkinson’s disease, cardiac ischemia, hepatic failure, has been reported by many studies. Here, in this review we highlight current research findings in the area of porcine mesenchymal stem cells dealing with their isolation methods, differentiation ability, transplantation applications and their therapeutic potential towards various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Lange-Consiglio A, Perrini C, Bertero A, Esposti P, Cremonesi F, Vincenti L. Isolation, molecular characterization, and in vitro differentiation of bovine Wharton jelly-derived multipotent mesenchymal cells. Theriogenology 2016; 89:338-347. [PMID: 28341078 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extrafetal tissues are a noncontroversial and inexhaustible source of mesenchymal stem cells that can be harvested noninvasively at low cost. In the veterinary field, as in man, stem cells derived from extrafetal tissues express plasticity, reduced immunogenicity, and have high anti-inflammatory potential making them promising candidates for treatment of many diseases. Umbilical cord mesenchymal cells have been isolated and characterized in different species and have recently been investigated as potential candidates in regenerative medicine. In this study, cells derived from bovine Wharton jelly (WJ) were isolated for the first time by enzymatic methods, frozen/thawed, cultivated for at least 10 passages, and characterized. Wharton jelly-derived cells readily attached to plastic culture dishes displaying typical fibroblast-like morphology and, although their proliferative capacity decreased to the seventh passage, these cells showed a mean doubling time of 34.55 ± 6.33 hours and a mean frequency of one colony-forming unit fibroblast like for every 221.68 plated cells. The results of molecular biology studies and flow cytometry analyses revealed that WJ-derived cells showed the typical antigen profile of mesenchymal stem cells and were positive for CD29, CD44, CD105, CD166, Oct-4, and c-Myc. They were negative for CD34 and CD14. Remarkably, WJ-derived cells showed differentiation ability. After culture in induced media, WJ-derived cells were able to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic lines as shown by positive staining and expression of specific markers. On polymerase chain reaction analysis, these cells were negative for MHC-II and positive for MHC-I, thus reinforcing the role of extrafetal tissue as an allogenic source for bovine cell-based therapies. These results provide evidence that bovine WJ-derived cells may have the potential to differentiate to repair damaged tissues and reinforce the importance of extrafetal tissues as stem cell sources in veterinary regenerative medicine. A more detailed evaluation of their immunologic properties is necessary to better understand their potential role in cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lange-Consiglio
- Reproduction Unit, Large Animal Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Claudia Perrini
- Reproduction Unit, Large Animal Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertero
- Department of Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Esposti
- Reproduction Unit, Large Animal Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Fausto Cremonesi
- Reproduction Unit, Large Animal Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Leila Vincenti
- Department of Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
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49
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Cardoso TC, Okamura LH, Baptistella JC, Gameiro R, Ferreira HL, Marinho M, Flores EF. Isolation, characterization and immunomodulatory-associated gene transcription of Wharton's jelly-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells at different trimesters of cow pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:243-256. [PMID: 27677269 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of isolating bovine mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) from fetal adnexa is an interesting prospect due to the potential use of these cells in biotechnological applications. However, little is known about the properties of these progenitor cells in bovine species. Wharton's jelly (WJ) MSC cells were obtained from the umbilical cord of bovine fetuses at three different stages of pregnancy and divided into groups 1, 2 and 3 according to gestational trimester. Cell morphology, from the three stages of pregnancy, typically appeared fibroblast-like spindle-shaped, presenting the same viability and number. Moreover, the proliferative ability of T-cells in response to a mitogenic stimulus was suppressed when WJMSC cells were added to the culture. Multilineage properties were confirmed by their ability to undergo adipogenic, osteogenic/chondrogenic and neurogenic differentiation. Mesenchymal phenotyping, CD105+, CD29+, CD73+ and CD90+ cell markers were detected in all three cell groups, yet these markers were considered more expressed in MSCs of group 2 (p < 0.005). Expression of cytokines IL2, IL6RR, INFAC, INFB1, IFNG, TNF and LTBR were downregulated, whereas IL1F10 expression was upregulated in all tested WJMSCs. The present study demonstrated that WJMSCs harvested from the bovine umbilical cord at different gestational stages showed proliferative capacity, immune privilege and stemness potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Cardoso
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil.
| | - Lucas H Okamura
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Jamila C Baptistella
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil.,Domestic Animals Anatomy Section, College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Roberto Gameiro
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil.,Domestic Animals Embryology Section, College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Helena L Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA- USP- University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Marinho
- Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture College of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP- Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Departament of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, 97115-900, Brazil
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50
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Shivakumar SB, Bharti D, Subbarao RB, Jang SJ, Park JS, Ullah I, Park JK, Byun JH, Park BW, Rho GJ. DMSO- and Serum-Free Cryopreservation of Wharton's Jelly Tissue Isolated From Human Umbilical Cord. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2397-412. [PMID: 27038129 PMCID: PMC5094545 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The facile nature of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) acquisition in relatively large numbers has made Wharton's jelly (WJ) tissue an alternative source of MSCs for regenerative medicine. However, freezing of such tissue using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for future use impedes its clinical utility. In this study, we compared the effect of two different cryoprotectants (DMSO and cocktail solution) on post-thaw cell behavior upon freezing of WJ tissue following two different freezing protocols (Conventional [-1°C/min] and programmed). The programmed method showed higher cell survival rate compared to conventional method of freezing. Further, cocktail solution showed better cryoprotection than DMSO. Post-thaw growth characteristics and stem cell behavior of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) from WJ tissue cryopreserved with a cocktail solution in conjunction with programmed method (Prog-Cock) were comparable with WJMSCs from fresh WJ tissue. They preserved their expression of surface markers, pluripotent factors, and successfully differentiated in vitro into osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and hepatocytes. They also produced lesser annexin-V-positive cells compared to cells from WJ tissue stored using cocktail solution in conjunction with the conventional method (Conv-Cock). Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis of post-thaw WJMSCs from Conv-Cock group showed significantly increased expression of pro-apoptotic factors (BAX, p53, and p21) and reduced expression of anti-apoptotic factor (BCL2) compared to WJMSCs from the fresh and Prog-Cock group. Therefore, we conclude that freezing of fresh WJ tissue using cocktail solution in conjunction with programmed freezing method allows for an efficient WJ tissue banking for future MSC-based regenerative therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2397-2412, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Belame Shivakumar
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Bharti
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghavendra Baregundi Subbarao
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Jung Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sung Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Ullah
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Kwon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
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