1
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Antman-Passig M, Wong E, Frost GR, Cupo C, Shah J, Agustinus A, Chen Z, Mancinelli C, Kamel M, Li T, Jonas LA, Li YM, Heller DA. Optical Nanosensor for Intracellular and Intracranial Detection of Amyloid-Beta. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7269-7283. [PMID: 35420796 PMCID: PMC9710299 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition occurs in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the early detection of Aβ is a persistent challenge. Herein, we engineered a near-infrared optical nanosensor capable of detecting Aβ intracellularly in live cells and intracranially in vivo. The sensor is composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with Aβ wherein Aβ-Aβ interactions drive the response. We found that the Aβ nanosensors selectively responded to Aβ via solvatochromic modulation of the near-infrared emission of the nanotube. The sensor tracked Aβ accumulation in live cells and, upon intracranial administration in a genetic model of AD, signaled distinct responses in aged mice. This technology enables the interrogation of molecular mechanisms underlying Aβ neurotoxicity in the development of AD in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Antman-Passig
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Georgia R Frost
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christian Cupo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Janki Shah
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Albert Agustinus
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Program of Physiology, Biophysics, & Systems Biology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Chiara Mancinelli
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Maikel Kamel
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Thomas Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Lauren A Jonas
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Physiology, Biophysics, & Systems Biology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
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2
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Kleffman K, Levinson G, Rose IVL, Blumenberg LM, Shadaloey SAA, Dhabaria A, Wong E, Galan-Echevarria F, Karz A, Argibay D, Von Itter R, Floristan A, Baptiste G, Eskow NM, Tranos JA, Chen J, Vega Y Saenz de Miera EC, Call M, Rogers R, Jour G, Wadghiri YZ, Osman I, Li YM, Mathews P, DeMattos R, Ueberheide B, Ruggles KV, Liddelow SA, Schneider RJ, Hernando E. Melanoma-secreted Amyloid Beta Suppresses Neuroinflammation and Promotes Brain Metastasis. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1314-1335. [PMID: 35262173 PMCID: PMC9069488 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple cancer types and represents an unmet clinical need. The mechanisms that mediate metastatic cancer growth in the brain parenchyma are largely unknown. Melanoma, which has the highest rate of brain metastasis among common cancer types, is an ideal model to study how cancer cells adapt to the brain parenchyma. Our unbiased proteomics analysis of melanoma short-term cultures revealed that proteins implicated in neurodegenerative pathologies are differentially expressed in melanoma cells explanted from brain metastases compared to those derived from extracranial metastases. We showed that melanoma cells require amyloid beta (AB) for growth and survival in the brain parenchyma. Melanoma-secreted AB activates surrounding astrocytes to a pro-metastatic, anti-inflammatory phenotype and prevents phagocytosis of melanoma by microglia. Finally, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of AB decreases brain metastatic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kleffman
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Grace Levinson
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Indigo V L Rose
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | | | | | - Avantika Dhabaria
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research and Technology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York., New York, NY, United States
| | - Eitan Wong
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Alcida Karz
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Diana Argibay
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Gillian Baptiste
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - James A Tranos
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jenny Chen
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Melissa Call
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Robert Rogers
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - George Jour
- New York University, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Iman Osman
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul Mathews
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Ronald DeMattos
- Eli Lilly (United States), Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research and Technology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York., United States
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
| | | | | | - Eva Hernando
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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3
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Wong E, Frost GR, Li YM. γ-Secretase Modulatory Proteins: The Guiding Hand Behind the Running Scissors. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:614690. [PMID: 33343338 PMCID: PMC7738330 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.614690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Described as the "proteasome of the membrane" or the "scissors in the membrane," γ-secretase has notoriously complicated biology, and even after decades of research, the full extent of its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. γ-Secretase is an intramembrane aspartyl protease complex composed of four obligatory subunits: Nicastrin (NCT), Presenilin (PS), Presenilin Enhancer-2 (Pen-2), and Anterior pharynx-defective-1 (Aph-1). γ-Secretase cleaves numerous type 1 transmembrane substrates, with no apparent homology, and plays major roles in broad biological pathways such as development, neurogenesis, and cancer. Notch and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and are undoubtedly the best-studied γ-secretase substrates because of their role in cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and therefore became the focus of increasing studies as an attractive therapeutic target. The regulation of γ-secretase is intricate and involves the function of multiple cellular entities. Recently, γ-secretase modulatory proteins (GSMPs), which are non-essential subunits and yet modulate γ-secretase activity and specificity, have emerged as an important component in guiding γ-secretase. GSMPs are responsive to cellular and environmental changes and therefore, provide another layer of regulation of γ-secretase. This type of enzymatic regulation allows for a rapid and fine-tuning of γ-secretase activity when appropriate signals appear enabling a temporal level of regulation. In this review article, we discuss the latest developments on GSMPs and implications on the development of effective therapeutics for γ-secretase-associated diseases such as AD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Hur JY, Frost GR, Wu X, Crump C, Pan SJ, Wong E, Barros M, Li T, Nie P, Zhai Y, Wang JC, TCW J, Guo L, McKenzie A, Ming C, Zhou X, Wang M, Sagi Y, Renton AE, Esposito BT, Kim Y, Sadleir KR, Trinh I, Rissman RA, Vassar R, Zhang B, Johnson DS, Masliah E, Greengard P, Goate A, Li YM. The innate immunity protein IFITM3 modulates γ-secretase in Alzheimer's disease. Nature 2020; 586:735-740. [PMID: 32879487 PMCID: PMC7919141 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is associated with Alzheimer's disease1, but the influence of immune activation on the production of amyloid-β is unknown2,3. Here we identify interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) as a γ-secretase modulatory protein, and establish a mechanism by which inflammation affects the generation of amyloid-β. Inflammatory cytokines induce the expression of IFITM3 in neurons and astrocytes, which binds to γ-secretase and upregulates its activity, thereby increasing the production of amyloid-β. The expression of IFITM3 is increased with ageing and in mouse models that express familial Alzheimer's disease genes. Furthermore, knockout of IFITM3 reduces γ-secretase activity and the formation of amyloid plaques in a transgenic mouse model (5xFAD) of early amyloid deposition. IFITM3 protein is upregulated in tissue samples from a subset of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease that exhibit higher γ-secretase activity. The amount of IFITM3 in the γ-secretase complex has a strong and positive correlation with γ-secretase activity in samples from patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. These findings reveal a mechanism in which γ-secretase is modulated by neuroinflammation via IFITM3 and the risk of Alzheimer's disease is thereby increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeun Hur
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Georgia R. Frost
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Xianzhong Wu
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christina Crump
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Si Jia Pan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marilia Barros
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Pengju Nie
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jen Chyong Wang
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia TCW
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew McKenzie
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chen Ming
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yotam Sagi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan E. Renton
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bianca T. Esposito
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ivy Trinh
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert Vassar
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Program of Neurosciences, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Correspondence to:
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5
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Barros M, Houlihan WJ, Paresi CJ, Brendel M, Rynearson KD, Lee CW, Prikhodko O, Cregger C, Chang G, Wagner SL, Gilchrist ML, Li YM. γ-Secretase Partitioning into Lipid Bilayers Remodels Membrane Microdomains after Direct Insertion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6569-6579. [PMID: 32432881 PMCID: PMC7887708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
γ-Secretase is a multisubunit complex that catalyzes intramembranous cleavage of transmembrane proteins. The lipid environment forms membrane microdomains that serve as spatio-temporal platforms for proteins to function properly. Despite substantial advances in the regulation of γ-secretase, the effect of the local membrane lipid microenvironment on the regulation of γ-secretase is poorly understood. Here, we characterized and quantified the partitioning of γ-secretase and its substrates, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch, into lipid bilayers using solid-supported model membranes. Notch substrate is preferentially localized in the liquid-disordered (Ld) lipid domains, whereas APP and γ-secretase partition as single or higher complex in both phases but highly favor the ordered phase, especially after recruiting lipids from the ordered phase, indicating that the activity and specificity of γ-secretase against these two substrates are modulated by membrane lateral organization. Moreover, time-elapse measurements reveal that γ-secretase can recruit specific membrane components from the cholesterol-rich Lo phase and thus creates a favorable lipid environment for substrate recognition and therefore activity. This work offers insight into how γ-secretase and lipid modulate each other and control its activity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Barros
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - William J Houlihan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Chelsea J Paresi
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Matthew Brendel
- Molecular Cytology Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kevin D Rynearson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Olga Prikhodko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Cristina Cregger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Steven L Wagner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Research Biologist, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92161, United States
| | - M Lane Gilchrist
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, United States
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6
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Liu H, Mei FC, Yang W, Wang H, Wong E, Cai J, Toth E, Luo P, Li YM, Zhang W, Cheng X. Epac1 inhibition ameliorates pathological angiogenesis through coordinated activation of Notch and suppression of VEGF signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay3566. [PMID: 31911948 PMCID: PMC6938696 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the roles of Epac1 in pathological angiogenesis and its potential as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of vasoproliferative diseases. Genetic deletion of Epac1 ameliorated pathological angiogenesis in mouse models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and carotid artery ligation. Moreover, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Epac1 suppressed microvessel sprouting from ex vivo aortic ring explants. Mechanistic studies revealed that Epac1 acted as a previously unidentified inhibitor of the γ-secretase/Notch signaling pathway via interacting with γ-secretase and regulating its intracellular trafficking while enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor signaling to promote pathological angiogenesis. Pharmacological administration of an Epac-specific inhibitor suppressed OIR-induced neovascularization in wild-type mice, recapitulating the phenotype of genetic Epac1 knockout. Our results demonstrate that Epac1 signaling is critical for the progression of pathological angiogenesis but not for physiological angiogenesis and that the newly developed Epac-specific inhibitors are effective in combating proliferative retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Fang C. Mei
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eitan Wong
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Emma Toth
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pei Luo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Abstract
γ-Secretase cleaves multiple transmembrane proteins, but little is known about how it controls its substrate specificity. γ-Secretase activating protein (GSAP) has been reported to differentially activate γ-secretase for APP and Notch cleavages. The mechanism by which GSAP regulates γ-secretase specificity is elusive. Here, we demonstrate that GSAP directly regulates γ-secretase activity and specificity. Furthermore, GSAP functions as a switch between two forms of γ-secretase that have different activities for APP and Notch substrates, leading to different specificities. These findings open a new avenue for drug development through targeting the specificity of modifying proteins. This work also suggests that the association of GSAP with aging, Alzheimer’s disease, and Down syndrome could be attributed to the function of GSAP in the regulation of γ-secretase. The mechanism by which γ-secretase activating protein (GSAP) regulates γ-secretase activity has not yet been elucidated. Here, we show that knockout of GSAP in cultured cells directly reduces γ-secretase activity for Aβ production, but not for Notch1 cleavage, suggesting that GSAP may induce a conformational change contributing to the specificity of γ-secretase. Furthermore, using an active-site–directed photoprobe with double cross-linking moieties, we demonstrate that GSAP modifies the orientation and/or distance of the PS1 N-terminal fragment and the PS1 C-terminal fragment, a region containing the active site of γ-secretase. This work offers insight into how GSAP regulates γ-secretase specificity.
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8
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Calcagno E, Caudano F, Passalacqua M, Pronzato MA, Fedele E, Ricciarelli R. Investigating the amyloid-beta enhancing effect of cGMP in neuro2a cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 166:1-5. [PMID: 28789837 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and the process of memory formation require activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathways. Notably, recent evidence indicated that both cyclic nucleotides boost the production of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. In particular, cAMP was shown to favor hippocampal LTP by stimulating the synthesis of the amyloid precursor protein APP, whereas cGMP was found to enhance LTP and to improve memory by increasing Aβ levels without affecting the expression of APP. The results of the present study substantiate that cGMP has a role in the endocytic pathway of APP and suggest a scenario where the cyclic nucleotide enhances the production of Aβ by favoring the trafficking of APP from the cell cortex to the endolysosomal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Calcagno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Caudano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria A Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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9
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Zhang Y, Xu W, Guo H, Zhang Y, He Y, Lee SH, Song X, Li X, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Ding C, Ning F, Ma Y, Lei QY, Hu X, Li S, Guo W. NOTCH1 Signaling Regulates Self-Renewal and Platinum Chemoresistance of Cancer Stem-like Cells in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3082-3091. [PMID: 28416482 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are thought to drive tumor initiation, metastasis, relapse, and therapeutic resistance, but their specific pathogenic characters in many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have yet to be well defined. Here, we develop findings that the growth factor HGF promotes CSC sphere formation in NSCLC cell populations. In patient-derived sphere-forming assays (PD-SFA) with HGF, CD49f and CD104 were defined as novel markers of lung CSC (LCSC). In particular, we isolated a subpopulation of CD166+CD49fhiCD104-Lin- LCSC present in all human specimens of NSCLC examined, regardless of their histologic subtypes or genetic driver mutations. This specific cell population was tumorigenic and capable of self-renewal, giving rise to tumor spheres in vitro and orthotopic lung tumors in immune-compromised mice. Mechanistic investigations established that NOTCH1 was preferentially expressed in this cell subpopulation and required for self-renewal via the transcription factor HES1. Through a distinct HES1-independent pathway, NOTCH1 also protected LCSCs from cisplatin-induced cell death. Notably, treatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor that blunts NOTCH1 function ablated self-renewing LCSC activity and restored platinum sensitivity in vitro and in vivo Overall, our results define the pathogenic characters of a cancer stem-like subpopulation in lung cancer, the targeting of which may relieve platinum resistance in this disease. Cancer Res; 77(11); 3082-91. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexi He
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sau Har Lee
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Lung Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqing Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ning
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Metabolism Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Velaithan V, Okuda KS, Ng MF, Samat N, Leong SW, Faudzi SMM, Abas F, Shaari K, Cheong SC, Tan PJ, Patel V. Zebrafish phenotypic screen identifies novel Notch antagonists. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:166-179. [PMID: 28058624 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish represents a powerful in vivo model for phenotype-based drug discovery to identify clinically relevant small molecules. By utilizing this model, we evaluated natural product derived compounds that could potentially modulate Notch signaling that is important in both zebrafish embryogenesis and pathogenic in human cancers. A total of 234 compounds were screened using zebrafish embryos and 3 were identified to be conferring phenotypic alterations similar to embryos treated with known Notch inhibitors. Subsequent secondary screens using HEK293T cells overexpressing truncated Notch1 (HEK293TΔE) identified 2 compounds, EDD3 and 3H4MB, to be potential Notch antagonists. Both compounds reduced protein expression of NOTCH1, Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and hairy and enhancer of split-1 (HES1) in HEK293TΔE and downregulated Notch target genes. Importantly, EDD3 treatment of human oral cancer cell lines demonstrated reduction of Notch target proteins and genes. EDD3 also inhibited proliferation and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of ORL-150 cells through inducing p27KIP1. Our data demonstrates the utility of the zebrafish phenotypic screen and identifying EDD3 as a promising Notch antagonist for further development as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vithya Velaithan
- Cancer Research Malaysia, 12A, Jalan TP5, Taman Perindustrian UEP, 47600, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Kazuhide Shaun Okuda
- Cancer Research Malaysia, 12A, Jalan TP5, Taman Perindustrian UEP, 47600, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Mei Fong Ng
- Cancer Research Malaysia, 12A, Jalan TP5, Taman Perindustrian UEP, 47600, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Norazwana Samat
- Cancer Research Malaysia, 12A, Jalan TP5, Taman Perindustrian UEP, 47600, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Sze Wei Leong
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Cancer Research Malaysia, 12A, Jalan TP5, Taman Perindustrian UEP, 47600, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Pei Jean Tan
- Cancer Research Malaysia, 12A, Jalan TP5, Taman Perindustrian UEP, 47600, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, 12A, Jalan TP5, Taman Perindustrian UEP, 47600, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
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11
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Gilchrist ML, Ahn K, Li YM. Imaging and Functional Analysis of γ-Secretase and Substrate in a Proteolipobead System with an Activity-Based Probe. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1303-11. [PMID: 26699370 PMCID: PMC4911041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of intramembranal protease catalysis demands the generation of intact biomembrane assemblies with structural integrity and lateral mobility. Here, we report the development of a microsphere supported-biomembrane platform enabling characterization of γ-secretase and substrate within proteolipobead assemblies via microscopy and flow cytometry. The active enzyme loading levels were tracked using an activity-based probe, with the biomembranes delineated by carbocyanine lipid reporters. Proteolipobeads formed from HeLa proteoliposomes gave rise to homogeneous distributions of active γ-secretase within supported biomembranes with native-like fluidity. The substrate loading into supported biomembranes was detergent-dependent, as evidenced by even colocalization of substrate and lipid tracers in confocal 3D imaging of individual proteolipobeads. Moreover, the loading level was tunable with bulk substrate concentration. γ-Secretase substrate cleavage and its inhibition within γ-secretase proteolipobeads were observed. This platform offers a means to visualize enzyme and substrate loading, activity, and inhibition in a controllable biomembrane microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lane Gilchrist
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 140th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Kwangwook Ahn
- Chemistry Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemistry Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, United States
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12
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Villa JC, Chiu D, Brandes AH, Escorcia FE, Villa CH, Maguire WF, Hu CJ, de Stanchina E, Simon MC, Sisodia SS, Scheinberg DA, Li YM. Nontranscriptional role of Hif-1α in activation of γ-secretase and notch signaling in breast cancer. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1077-92. [PMID: 25131208 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase is composed of four proteins that are obligatory for protease activity: presenilin, nicastrin, Aph1, and Pen-2. Despite the progress toward understanding the function of these individual subunits, there is no information available pertaining to the modulation of γ-secretase in response to environmental changes in cells. Here, we show that hypoxia upregulates γ-secretase activity through a direct interaction with Hif-1α, revealing an unconventional function for Hif-1α as an enzyme subunit, which is distinct from its canonical role as a transcription factor. Moreover, hypoxia-induced cell invasion and metastasis are alleviated by either γ-secretase inhibitors or a dominant-negative Notch coactivator, indicating that γ-secretase/Notch signaling plays an essential role in controlling these cellular processes. The present study reveals a mechanism in which γ-secretase can achieve temporal control through conditional interactions with regulatory proteins, such as Hif-1α, under select physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Villa
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Danica Chiu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alissa H Brandes
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Freddy E Escorcia
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - William F Maguire
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Cheng-Jun Hu
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sangram S Sisodia
- The Center for Molecular Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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13
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Wagner SL, Zhang C, Cheng S, Nguyen P, Zhang X, Rynearson K, Wang R, Li Y, Sisodia SS, Mobley WC, Tanzi RE. Soluble γ-secretase modulators selectively inhibit the production of the 42-amino acid amyloid β peptide variant and augment the production of multiple carboxy-truncated amyloid β species. Biochemistry 2014; 53:702-13. [PMID: 24401146 PMCID: PMC3929337 DOI: 10.1021/bi401537v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by an abundance of extracellular neuritic plaques composed primarily of the 42-amino acid amyloid β peptide variant (Aβ42). In the majority of familial AD (FAD) cases, e.g., those harboring mutations in presenilin 1 (PS1), there is a relative increase in the levels of Aβ42 compared to the levels of Aβ40. We previously reported the characterization of a series of aminothiazole-bridged aromates termed aryl aminothiazole γ-secretase modulators or AGSMs [Kounnas, M. Z., et al. (2010) Neuron 67, 769-780] and showed their potential for use in the treatment of FAD [Wagner, S. L., et al. (2012) Arch. Neurol. 69, 1255-1258]. Here we describe a series of GSMs with physicochemical properties improved compared to those of AGSMs. Specific heterocycle replacements of the phenyl rings in AGSMs provided potent molecules with improved aqueous solubilities. A number of these soluble γ-secretase modulators (SGSMs) potently lowered Aβ42 levels without inhibiting proteolysis of Notch or causing accumulation of amyloid precursor protein carboxy-terminal fragments, even at concentrations approximately 1000-fold greater than their IC50 values for reducing Aβ42 levels. The effects of one potent SGSM on Aβ peptide production were verified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, showing enhanced production of a number of carboxy-truncated Aβ species. This SGSM also inhibited Aβ42 peptide production in a highly purified reconstituted γ-secretase in vitro assay system and retained the ability to modulate γ-secretase-mediated proteolysis in a stably transfected cell culture model overexpressing a human PS1 mutation validating the potential for use in FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Wagner
- Department
of Neurosciences, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624, United States
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics
and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Soan Cheng
- Department
of Neurosciences, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624, United States
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department
of Neurosciences, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624, United States
| | - Xulun Zhang
- The
Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United
States
| | - Kevin
D. Rynearson
- Department
of Neurosciences, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624, United States
| | - Rong Wang
- Department
of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn
Institute, New York, New York 10029, United
States
| | - Yueming Li
- Molecular
Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial
Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sangram S. Sisodia
- The
Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United
States
| | - William C. Mobley
- Department
of Neurosciences, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624, United States
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics
and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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14
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Xu H, Zhu J, Smith S, Foldi J, Zhao B, Chung AY, Outtz H, Kitajewski J, Shi C, Weber S, Saftig P, Li Y, Ozato K, Blobel CP, Ivashkiv LB, Hu X. Notch-RBP-J signaling regulates the transcription factor IRF8 to promote inflammatory macrophage polarization. Nat Immunol 2012; 13:642-50. [PMID: 22610140 PMCID: PMC3513378 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging concepts suggest that the functional phenotype of macrophages is regulated by transcription factors that define alternative activation states. We found that RBP-J, the main nuclear transducer of signaling via Notch receptors, augmented Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced expression of key mediators of classically activated M1 macrophages and thus of innate immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes. Notch-RBP-J signaling controlled expression of the transcription factor IRF8 that induced downstream M1 macrophage-associated genes. RBP-J promoted the synthesis of IRF8 protein by selectively augmenting kinase IRAK2-dependent signaling via TLR4 to the kinase MNK1 and downstream translation-initiation control through eIF4E. Our results define a signaling network in which signaling via Notch-RBP-J and TLRs is integrated at the level of synthesis of IRF8 protein and identify a mechanism by which heterologous signaling pathways can regulate the TLR-induced inflammatory polarization of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Crump CJ, am Ende CW, Ballard TE, Pozdnyakov N, Pettersson M, Chau DM, Bales KR, Li YM, Johnson DS. Development of clickable active site-directed photoaffinity probes for γ-secretase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2997-3000. [PMID: 22418280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have developed clickable active site-directed photoaffinity probes for γ-secretase which incorporate a photoreactive benzophenone group and an alkyne handle for subsequent click chemistry mediated conjugation with azide-linked reporter tags for visualization (e.g., TAMRA-azide) or enrichment (e.g., biotin-azide) of labeled proteins. Specifically, we synthesized clickable analogs of L646 (2) and L505 (3) and validated specific labeling to presenilin-1N-terminal fragment (PS1-NTF), the active site aspartyl protease component within the γ-secretase complex. Additionally, we were able to identify signal peptide peptidase (SPP) by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, we analyzed the photo-labeled proteins in an unbiased fashion by click chemistry with TAMRA-azide followed by in-gel fluorescence detection. This approach expands the utility of γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) photoaffinity probes in that labeled proteins can be tagged with any number of azide-linked reporters groups using a single clickable photoaffinity probe for target pull down and/or fluorescent imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Crump
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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16
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Wu J, Petralia RS, Kurushima H, Patel H, Jung MY, Volk L, Chowdhury S, Shepherd JD, Dehoff M, Li Y, Kuhl D, Huganir RL, Price DL, Scannevin R, Troncoso JC, Wong PC, Worley PF. Arc/Arg3.1 regulates an endosomal pathway essential for activity-dependent β-amyloid generation. Cell 2011; 147:615-28. [PMID: 22036569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Assemblies of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides are pathological mediators of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and are produced by the sequential cleavages of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase. The generation of Aβ is coupled to neuronal activity, but the molecular basis is unknown. Here, we report that the immediate early gene Arc is required for activity-dependent generation of Aβ. Arc is a postsynaptic protein that recruits endophilin2/3 and dynamin to early/recycling endosomes that traffic AMPA receptors to reduce synaptic strength in both hebbian and non-hebbian forms of plasticity. The Arc-endosome also traffics APP and BACE1, and Arc physically associates with presenilin1 (PS1) to regulate γ-secretase trafficking and confer activity dependence. Genetic deletion of Arc reduces Aβ load in a transgenic mouse model of AD. In concert with the finding that patients with AD can express anomalously high levels of Arc, we hypothesize that Arc participates in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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17
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Reduced Alzheimer's disease ß-amyloid deposition in transgenic mice expressing S-palmitoylation-deficient APH1aL and nicastrin. J Neurosci 2011; 30:16160-9. [PMID: 21123562 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4436-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by β- and γ-secretases generates β-amyloid peptides (Aβ), which accumulate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We recently identified S-palmitoylation of two γ-secretase subunits, APH1 and nicastrin. S-Palmitoylation is an essential posttranslational modification for the proper trafficking and function of many neuronal proteins. In cultured cell lines, lack of S-palmitoylation causes instability of nascent APH1 and nicastrin but does not affect γ-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein. To determine the importance of γ-secretase S-palmitoylation for Aβ deposition in the brain, we generated transgenic mice coexpressing human wild-type or S-palmitoylation-deficient APH1aL and nicastrin in neurons in the forebrain. We found that lack of S-palmitoylation did not impair the ability of APH1aL and nicastrin to form enzymatically active protein complexes with endogenous presenilin 1 and PEN2 or affect the localization of γ-secretase subunits in dendrites and axons of cortical neurons. When we crossed these mice with 85Dbo transgenic mice, which coexpress familial Alzheimer's disease-causing amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 variants, we found that coexpression of wild-type or mutant APH1aL and nicastrin led to marked stabilization of transgenic presenilin 1 in the brains of double-transgenic mice. Interestingly, we observed a moderate, but significant, reduction in amyloid deposits in the forebrain of mice expressing S-palmitoylation-deficient γ-secretase subunits compared with mice overexpressing wild-type subunits, as well as a reduction in the levels of insoluble Aβ(40-42). These results indicate that γ-secretase S-palmitoylation modulates Aβ deposition in the brain.
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18
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Abstract
A complex composed of presenilin (PS), nicastrin, PEN-2, and APH-1 is absolutely required for γ-secretase activity in vivo. Evidence has emerged to suggest a role for PS as the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, but it has not been established that PS is catalytically active in the absence of associated subunits. We now report that bacterially synthesized, recombinant PS (rPS) reconstituted into liposomes exhibits γ-secretase activity. Moreover, an rPS mutant that lacks a catalytic aspartate residue neither exhibits reconstituted γ-secretase activity nor interacts with a transition-state γ-secretase inhibitor. Importantly, we demonstrate that rPS harboring mutations that cause early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) lead to elevations in the ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40 peptides produced from a wild-type APP substrate and that rPS enhances the Aβ42/Aβ40 peptide ratio from FAD-linked mutant APP substrates, findings that are entirely consistent with the results obtained in in vivo settings. Thus, γ-secretase cleavage specificity is an inherent property of the polypeptide. Finally, we demonstrate that PEN2 is sufficient to promote the endoproteolysis of PS1 to generate the active form of γ-secretase. Thus, we conclusively establish that activated PS is catalytically competent and the bimolecular interaction of PS1 and PEN2 can convert the PS1 zymogen to an active protease.
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19
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Foldi J, Chung AY, Xu H, Zhu J, Outtz HH, Kitajewski J, Li Y, Hu X, Ivashkiv LB. Autoamplification of Notch signaling in macrophages by TLR-induced and RBP-J-dependent induction of Jagged1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:5023-31. [PMID: 20870935 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways, including the Notch pathway, can modulate TLR activation to achieve responses most appropriate for the environment. One mechanism of TLR-Notch cross-talk is TLR-induced expression of Notch ligands Jagged and Delta that feed back to engage Notch receptors on TLR-activated cells. In this study, we investigated mechanisms by which TLRs induce Notch ligand expression in primary macrophages. TLRs induced Jagged1 expression rapidly and independently of new protein synthesis. Jagged1 induction was augmented by IFN-γ, was partially dependent on canonical TLR-activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, and elevated Jagged1 expression augmented TLR-induced IL-6 production. Strikingly, TLR-induced Jagged1 expression was strongly dependent on the Notch master transcriptional regulator RBP-J and also on upstream components of the Notch pathway γ-secretase and Notch1 and Notch2 receptors. Thus, Jagged1 is an RBP-J target gene that is activated in a binary manner by TLR and Notch pathways. Early and direct cooperation between TLR and Notch pathways leads to Jagged1-RBP-J-mediated autoamplification of Notch signaling that can modulate later phases of the TLR response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Foldi
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
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20
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Tian Y, Crump CJ, Li YM. Dual role of alpha-secretase cleavage in the regulation of gamma-secretase activity for amyloid production. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:32549-56. [PMID: 20675367 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.128439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases generates pathogenic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), whereas cleavage of APP by α-secretases precludes Aβ formation. Little is known about the role of α-secretase cleavage in γ-secretase regulation. Here, we show that α-secretase-cleaved APP C-terminal product (αCTF) functions as an inhibitor of γ-secretase. We demonstrate that the substrate inhibitory domain (ASID) within αCTF, which is bisected by the α-secretase cleavage site, contributes to this negative regulation because deleting or masking this domain turns αCTF into a better substrate for γ-secretase. Moreover, α-secretase cleavage can potentiate the inhibitory effect of ASID. Inhibition of γ-secretase activity by αCTF is observed in both in vitro and cellular systems. This work reveals an unforeseen role for α-secretase in generating an endogenous γ-secretase inhibitor that down-regulates the production of Aβ. Deregulation of this feedback mechanism may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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