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Auplish A, Raj E, Booijink Y, de Balogh K, Peyre M, Taylor K, Sumption K, Häsler B. Current evidence of the economic value of One Health initiatives: A systematic literature review. One Health 2024; 18:100755. [PMID: 38770400 PMCID: PMC11103946 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Funding and financing for One Health initiatives at country level remain challenging as investments commonly require demonstrated evidence of economic value or returns. The objectives of this review were to i) identify, critically analyse and summarise quantitative evidence of the net economic value of One Health initiatives; ii) document methodologies commonly used in the scientific literature; and iii) describe common challenges and any evidence gaps. Scientific databases were searched for published literature following the PRISMA guidelines and an online survey and workshop with subject matter experts were used to identify relevant grey literature. Studies were included if they reported on quantitative costs and benefits (monetary and non-monetary) and were measured across at least two sectors. Relevant publications were analysed and plotted against the six action tracks of the Quadripartite One Health Joint Plan of Action to help classify the initiatives. Ninety-seven studies were included. Eighty studies involved only two sectors and 78 reported a positive economic value or return. Of those studies that reported a positive return, 49 did not compare with a sectoral counterfactual, 28 studies demonstrated an added value of using a cross-sectoral approach, and 6 studies demonstrated an added value of One Health communication, collaboration, coordination, and capacity building. Included studies most frequently related to endemic zoonotic, neglected tropical and vector-borne diseases, followed by health of the environment and food safety. However, diversity in economic analysis methodology between studies included resulted in difficulty to compare or combine findings. While there is a growing body of evidence of the value of One Health initiatives, a substantial part of the evidence still focuses on "traditional" One Health topics, particularly zoonoses. Developing a standardised and practical approach for One Health economic evaluation will facilitate assessment of the added value and gather evidence for One Health to be invested in and endorsed by multiple sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashima Auplish
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleanor Raj
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Yoeri Booijink
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier Cedex 5 34398, France
| | - Katinka de Balogh
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Peyre
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier Cedex 5 34398, France
| | - Katrin Taylor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Keith Sumption
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Häsler
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
- Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
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Amenu K, McIntyre KM, Moje N, Knight-Jones T, Rushton J, Grace D. Approaches for disease prioritization and decision-making in animal health, 2000-2021: a structured scoping review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1231711. [PMID: 37876628 PMCID: PMC10593474 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1231711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review identifies and describes the methods used to prioritize diseases for resource allocation across disease control, surveillance, and research and the methods used generally in decision-making on animal health policy. Three electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Embase, and CAB Abstracts) were searched for articles from 2000 to 2021. Searches identified 6, 395 articles after de-duplication, with an additional 64 articles added manually. A total of 6, 460 articles were imported to online document review management software (sysrev.com) for screening. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 532 articles passed the first screening, and after a second round of screening, 336 articles were recommended for full review. A total of 40 articles were removed after data extraction. Another 11 articles were added, having been obtained from cross-citations of already identified articles, providing a total of 307 articles to be considered in the scoping review. The results show that the main methods used for disease prioritization were based on economic analysis, multi-criteria evaluation, risk assessment, simple ranking, spatial risk mapping, and simulation modeling. Disease prioritization was performed to aid in decision-making related to various categories: (1) disease control, prevention, or eradication strategies, (2) general organizational strategy, (3) identification of high-risk areas or populations, (4) assessment of risk of disease introduction or occurrence, (5) disease surveillance, and (6) research priority setting. Of the articles included in data extraction, 50.5% had a national focus, 12.3% were local, 11.9% were regional, 6.5% were sub-national, and 3.9% were global. In 15.2% of the articles, the geographic focus was not specified. The scoping review revealed the lack of comprehensive, integrated, and mutually compatible approaches to disease prioritization and decision support tools for animal health. We recommend that future studies should focus on creating comprehensive and harmonized frameworks describing methods for disease prioritization and decision-making tools in animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebede Amenu
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary, Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K. Marie McIntyre
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Modelling, Evidence and Policy Group, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nebyou Moje
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Theodore Knight-Jones
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Delia Grace
- Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) Programme, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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Országh E, Pitter JG, Kaló Z, Vokó Z, Józwiak Á. Retrospective cost-utility analysis of the Non-typhoidal Salmonella control programme in Hungary. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Racicot M, Comeau G, Tremblay A, Quessy S, Cereno T, Charron-Langlois M, Venne D, Hébert G, Vaillancourt JP, Fravalo P, Ouckama R, Mitevski D, Guerin MT, Agunos A, DeWinter L, Catford A, Mackay A, Gaucher ML. Identification and selection of food safety-related risk factors to be included in the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's Establishment-based Risk Assessment model for Hatcheries. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 67:14-24. [PMID: 31550078 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Towards the continuous improvement of its inspection system, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is developing an Establishment-based Risk Assessment model for Hatcheries to allocate inspection resources based on the food safety risk associated with the Canadian hatcheries falling under its jurisdiction. The objectives of the current study were to identify and select critical food safety-related risk factors that would be included in this model, with a main focus on Salmonella. A literature review was used to develop a comprehensive list of risk factors that could potentially contribute to the food safety risk attributed to Canadian hatcheries operating in all production streams (breeders, layers, broilers, turkeys, waterfowl and game birds). The development of this list used a selection process that was conducted according to the availability of data sources, the clarity of definition and the measurability of the selected risk factors. A panel of experts reviewed and adjusted the identified risk factors. A final list of 29 risk factors was generated; 20 originated from the scientific literature and nine from the expert panel. Risk factors were grouped in three clusters according to whether they pertained to the inherent risk (nine factors identified), risk mitigation (nine factors identified) or compliance of a hatchery with its preventive control plan and regulatory requirements (11 factors identified). Criteria for assessing each risk factor were defined based on common practices used in the Canadian hatchery industry. This comprehensive list of risk factors and criteria represents useful information to support the design and implementation of a Canadian risk assessment model for hatcheries, but could also be used by like-minded food safety authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Racicot
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alexandre Tremblay
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Fravalo
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Michele T Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Anna Mackay
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Niemi JK, Heinola K, Simola M, Tuominen P. Salmonella Control Programme of Pig Feeds Is Financially Beneficial in Finland. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:200. [PMID: 31338369 PMCID: PMC6629760 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To promote public health, Finland has adopted a stringent Salmonella control policy. However, the rationale of Salmonella control in pig feeds has been debated after a European Union (EU)-wide cost-benefit analysis, which provided mixed, country-specific results on whether control measures are economically beneficial. The aim of this study was to analyze the costs and benefits of current pig feed Salmonella control in Finland compared to a reduced control scenario. In addition, this study contributes to the literature by looking at the costs across stakeholder groups. The costs of preventive and monitoring measures were assessed, and a Monte Carlo model was developed to simulate costs caused by Salmonella contaminations along the pork supply chain (including feed importation, commercial feed manufacturing, feed transportation, mobile feed mixers, pig farms, slaughterhouses) and because of human salmonellosis originating from contaminated feed. The data were collected from official records and feed sector operators by surveys and interviews. The prevalence of Salmonella was obtained from a previously conducted risk assessment study. The total costs of pig feed Salmonella control were estimated on average to be €4.2-5.4 million per year (95% of simulated years between €2.1 and €9.1 million) for the current control scenario, and €33.8-34.8 million per year (95% €2.2 to €26.0 million) for the reduced control scenario. In the reduced control scenario, the monitoring and prevention costs were decreased down to €1.1-2.1 million, and the costs of Salmonella contaminations and human salmonellosis were up by €32.7 million when compared to the current control scenario. The results suggest that the current pig feed Salmonella control policy of Finland is economically profitable. It can reduce the costs caused by feed-related Salmonella contaminations on average by €29.4 million per year and provides public health benefits. Pig feed Salmonella control can support the effectiveness of the Finnish Salmonella Control Programme. The current pig feed Salmonella control policy benefits the consumers, while a substantial part of the costs are covered by feed operators. In order to increase the acceptability of current policy, greater attention to the allocation of financial responsibilities regarding the control measures may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko K. Niemi
- Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Katriina Heinola
- Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Seinäjoki, Finland
- Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Simola
- Risk Assessment Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Tuominen
- Risk Assessment Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez-Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover-Cid S, Chemaly M, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Dewulf J, Hald T, Michel V, Niskanen T, Ricci A, Snary E, Boelaert F, Messens W, Davies R. Salmonella control in poultry flocks and its public health impact. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05596. [PMID: 32626222 PMCID: PMC7009056 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in confirmed human salmonellosis cases in the EU after 2014 triggered investigation of contributory factors and control options in poultry production. Reconsideration of the five current target serovars for breeding hens showed that there is justification for retaining Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium (including monophasic variants) and Salmonella Infantis, while Salmonella Virchow and Salmonella Hadar could be replaced by Salmonella Kentucky and either Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Thompson or a variable serovar in national prevalence targets. However, a target that incorporates all serovars is expected to be more effective as the most relevant serovars in breeding flocks vary between Member State (MS) and over time. Achievement of a 1% target for the current target serovars in laying hen flocks is estimated to be reduced by 254,400 CrI95[98,540; 602,700] compared to the situation in 2016. This translates to a reduction of 53.4% CrI95[39.1; 65.7] considering the layer-associated human salmonellosis true cases and 6.2% considering the overall human salmonellosis true cases in the 23 MSs included in attribution modelling. A review of risk factors for Salmonella in laying hens revealed that overall evidence points to a lower occurrence in non-cage compared to cage systems. A conclusion on the effect of outdoor access or impact of the shift from conventional to enriched cages could not be reached. A similar review for broiler chickens concluded that the evidence that outdoor access affects the occurrence of Salmonella is inconclusive. There is conclusive evidence that an increased stocking density, larger farms and stress result in increased occurrence, persistence and spread of Salmonella in laying hen flocks. Based on scientific evidence, an impact of Salmonella control programmes, apart from general hygiene procedures, on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler flocks at the holding and on broiler meat at the end of the slaughter process is not expected.
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Yang S, Pei X, Yang D, Zhang H, Chen Q, Chui H, Qiao X, Huang Y, Liu Q. Microbial contamination in bulk ready-to-eat meat products of China in 2016. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Falzon LC, Lechner I, Chantziaras I, Collineau L, Courcoul A, Filippitzi ME, Laukkanen-Ninios R, Peroz C, Pinto Ferreira J, Postma M, Prestmo PG, Phythian CJ, Sarno E, Vanantwerpen G, Vergne T, Grindlay DJC, Brennan ML. Quantitative Outcomes of a One Health approach to Study Global Health Challenges. ECOHEALTH 2018; 15:209-227. [PMID: 29330676 PMCID: PMC6003973 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Having gained momentum in the last decade, the One Health initiative promotes a holistic approach to address complex global health issues. Before recommending its adoption to stakeholders, however, it is paramount to first compile quantitative evidence of the benefit of such an approach. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and summarize primary research that describes monetary and non-monetary outcomes following adoption of a One Health approach. An extensive literature search yielded a total of 42,167 references, of which 85 were included in the final analysis. The top two biotic health issues addressed in these studies were rabies and malaria; the top abiotic health issue was air pollution. Most studies described collaborations between human and animal (n = 42), or human and environmental disciplines (n = 41); commonly reported interventions included vector control and animal vaccination. Monetary outcomes were commonly expressed as cost-benefit or cost-utility ratios; non-monetary outcomes were described using disease frequency or disease burden measurements. The majority of the studies reported positive or partially positive outcomes. This paper illustrates the variety of health challenges that can be addressed using a One Health approach, and provides tangible quantitative measures that can be used to evaluate future implementations of the One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Falzon
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, 3097, Liebefeld, Switzerland.
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK.
| | - Isabel Lechner
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, 3097, Liebefeld, Switzerland
| | - Ilias Chantziaras
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Aurélie Courcoul
- Anses, Laboratory of Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, University Paris Est, 23, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94706, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Maria-Eleni Filippitzi
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Riikka Laukkanen-Ninios
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Merel Postma
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pia G Prestmo
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Clare J Phythian
- Section for Small Ruminant Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Production Animal Clinical Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 4325, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Eleonora Sarno
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerty Vanantwerpen
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Timothée Vergne
- Veterinary Epidemiology Economics and Public Health group, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
- MIVEGEC Group, Institut de Recherche pour le développement, Montpellier, France
- UMR ENVT-INRA IHAP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Douglas J C Grindlay
- Centre of Evidence-based Dermatology, The University of Nottingham, King's Meadow Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2NR, UK
| | - Marnie L Brennan
- Centre for Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 1B associated with frozen pre-cooked chicken cubes, Finland 2012. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:2727-2734. [PMID: 28770691 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In August to October 2012, a nationwide outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phase type (PT) 1B with 53 cases occurred in Finland. Hypothesis generating interviews pointed toward ready-to-eat chicken salad from a Finnish company and at the same time Estonian authorities informed of a S. enteritidis PT 1B outbreak linked to chicken wrap prepared at an Estonian restaurant. We found that chicken salad was associated with the infection (odds ratio (OR) 16·1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·7-148·7 for consumption and OR 17·5. 95% CI 4·0-76·0 for purchase). The frozen pre-cooked chicken cubes used in Finnish salad and in Estonian wraps were traced back to a production plant in China. Great Britain made two Rapid Alert Systems for Food and Feed notifications on chicken cubes imported to the UK from the same Chinese production plant. Microbiological investigation confirmed that the patient isolates in Estonia and in Finland were indistinguishable from the strains isolated from chicken cubes in Estonia and in the UK. We recommend that despite certificates for tested Salmonella, food items should be analyzed when Salmonella contamination in outbreak investigations is suspected. In outbreak investigations, electronically implemented case-case study saves time, effort, and money compared with case-control study.
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Lopašovský Ľ, Zeleňáková L, Fikselová M, Bobková A, Kunová S, Bobko M, Šnirc M. The prevalence of Salmonella infections in laying hen flocks producing eggs and their impact on the public health. POTRAVINARSTVO 2015. [DOI: 10.5219/461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2008, Slovakia has implemented the National control program of Salmonella infections in laying hen flocks. This program requires the farm operators to monitor and investigate the invasive types of Salmonella (S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium) according to STN ISO 6579. The aim of this study was to perform a microbiological examination of dust and chicken droppings samples of laying hens in the Trenčín region for the presence of Salmonella by Horizontal method according to STN ISO 6579: 2002, to compare results with the statistics across Slovakia and selected EU countries and to evaluate the impact of official controls of salmonellosis in animals and humans. In the years 2009 - 2013 in the Trenčín region, 730 samples of dust from the conveyor belts and droppings of laying hens were taken to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in individual rearings. In these years, the incidence of positive samples was found from 0% to 29.17%. For the period from 2009 till 2013 was reported 22833 salmonellosis cases in human population of Slovakia, while in the Trenčín region it was 2636. Five-year EU-trend (2009 - 2013) showed a statistically significant decrease of salmonellosis occurence (with a mean reduction of 12% per year). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed in order to provide in-depth epidemiological assessment of salmonellosis cases in Trenčin region in relation to selected characters: etiological agens, transmission mechanism, age, location as well as seasonality of infection.
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Hutton G, Menne B. Economic evidence on the health impacts of climate change in europe. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2014; 8:43-52. [PMID: 25452694 PMCID: PMC4219788 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s16486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In responding to the health impacts of climate change, economic evidence and tools inform decision makers of the efficiency of alternative health policies and interventions. In a time when sweeping budget cuts are affecting all tiers of government, economic evidence on health protection from climate change spending enables comparison with other public spending. METHODS The review included 53 countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Literature was obtained using a Medline and Internet search of key terms in published reports and peer-reviewed literature, and from institutions working on health and climate change. Articles were included if they provided economic estimation of the health impacts of climate change or adaptation measures to protect health from climate change in the WHO European Region. Economic studies are classified under health impact cost, health adaptation cost, and health economic evaluation (comparing both costs and impacts). RESULTS A total of 40 relevant studies from Europe were identified, covering the health damage or adaptation costs related to the health effects of climate change and response measures to climate-sensitive diseases. No economic evaluation studies were identified of response measures specific to the impacts of climate change. Existing studies vary in terms of the economic outcomes measured and the methods for evaluation of health benefits. The lack of robust health impact data underlying economic studies significantly affects the availability and precision of economic studies. CONCLUSIONS Economic evidence in European countries on the costs of and response to climate-sensitive diseases is extremely limited and fragmented. Further studies are urgently needed that examine health impacts and the costs and efficiency of alternative responses to climate-sensitive health conditions, in particular extreme weather events (other than heat) and potential emerging diseases and other conditions threatening Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Hutton
- Water and Sanitation Program, World Bank, New Delhi, India
- CORRESPONDENCE:
| | - Bettina Menne
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Platz der Vereinten Nationen, Bonn, Germany
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Zeleňáková L, Žiarovská J, Kráčmar S, Mura L, Kozelová D, Lopašovský Ľ, Kunová S, Tináková K. Application of epidemiological information system (EPIS) in the Slovak Republic within the surveillance of salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis outbreaks in the European union (2001-2010). ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Scapin D, Grando WF, Rossi EM, Perez KJ, Malheiros PDS, Tondo EC. Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA10 against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis SE86 in mice. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:57-61. [PMID: 24159284 PMCID: PMC3804178 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the main pathogens responsible for foodborne illness in Brazil. Probiotic bacteria can play a role in defense and recovery from enteropathogenic infections. In this study, the ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA10 to colonise and exert antagonistic effects in the gastrointestinal tract was tested before and during experimental infection in conventional mice contaminated with S. Enteritidis (SE86). A dose of 0.1 mL containing 108 viable cells of SE86 and L. acidophilus LA10 was orally administered by gavage to mice. The experiment was divided into groups. As a negative control, Group 1 was administered only sterile saline solution. As a positive control, Group 2 was administered only SE86. Group 3 was first administered SE86, and after 10 days, treated with L. acidophilus LA10. Group 4 was first administered L. acidophilus LA10, and after 10 days, challenged with SE86. The results demonstrated that a significant number of SE86 cells were able to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of mice, specifically in the colon and ileum. L. acidophilus LA10 demonstrated an antagonistic effect against SE86, with better results observed for Group 3 over Group 4. Thus, L. acidophilus LA10 shows potential antagonistic effects against S. Enteritidis SE86, especially if administered after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Scapin
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Diagnóstico em Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, São Miguel do Oeste, SC, Brazil
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Hoffmann M, Monday SR, McCarthy PJ, Lopez JV, Fischer M, Brown EW. Genetic and phylogenetic evidence for horizontal gene transfer among ecologically disparate groups of marine Vibrio. Cladistics 2013; 29:46-64. [PMID: 34814374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio represents a diverse bacterial genus found in different niches of the marine environment, including numerous genera of marine sponges (phylum Porifera), inhabiting different depths and regions of benthic seas, that are potentially important in driving adaptive change among Vibrio spp. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a previous study showed that sponge-derived (SD) vibrios clustered with their mainstream counterparts present in shallow, coastal ecosystems, suggesting a genetic relatedness between these populations. Sequences from the topA, ftsZ, mreB, rpoD, rctB and toxR genes were used to investigate the degree of relatedness existing between these two separate populations by examining their phylogenetic and genetic disparity. Phylogenies were constructed from the concatenated sequences of the six housekeeping genes using maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood and neighbour-joining algorithms. Genetic recombination was evaluated using the incongruence length difference test, Split decomposition and measuring overall compatibility of sites. This combined technical approach provided evidence that SD Vibrio strains are largely genetically homologous to their shallow-water counterparts. Moreover, the analyses conducted support the existence of extensive horizontal gene transfer between these two groups, supporting the idea of a single panmictic population structure among vibrios from two seemingly distinct, marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hoffmann
- Division of Microbiology, Office for Regulatory Science, US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven R Monday
- Division of Microbiology, Office for Regulatory Science, US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Peter J McCarthy
- Center for Marine Biomedical and Biotechnology Research, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
| | - Jose V Lopez
- Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA
| | - Markus Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric W Brown
- Division of Microbiology, Office for Regulatory Science, US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA
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Falkenhorst G, Simonsen J, Ceper TH, van Pelt W, de Valk H, Sadkowska-Todys M, Zota L, Kuusi M, Jernberg C, Rota MC, van Duynhoven YTHP, Teunis PFM, Krogfelt KA, Mølbak K. Serological cross-sectional studies on salmonella incidence in eight European countries: no correlation with incidence of reported cases. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:523. [PMID: 22799896 PMCID: PMC3490876 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published incidence rates of human salmonella infections are mostly based on numbers of stool culture-confirmed cases reported to public health surveillance. These cases constitute only a small fraction of all cases occurring in the community. The extent of underascertainment is influenced by health care seeking behaviour and sensitivity of surveillance systems, so that reported incidence rates from different countries are not comparable. We performed serological cross-sectional studies to compare infection risks in eight European countries independent of underascertainment. METHODS A total of 6,393 sera from adults in Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Poland, Romania, Sweden, and The Netherlands were analysed, mostly from existing serum banks collected in the years 2003 to 2008. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG against salmonella lipopolysaccharides were measured by in-house mixed ELISA. We converted antibody concentrations to estimates of infection incidence ('sero-incidence') using a Bayesian backcalculation model, based on previously studied antibody decay profiles in persons with culture-confirmed salmonella infections. We compared sero-incidence with incidence of cases reported through routine public health surveillance and with published incidence estimates derived from infection risks in Swedish travellers to those countries. RESULTS Sero-incidence of salmonella infections ranged from 56 (95% credible interval 8-151) infections per 1,000 person-years in Finland to 547 (343-813) in Poland. Depending on country, sero-incidence was approximately 100 to 2,000 times higher than incidence of culture-confirmed cases reported through routine surveillance, with a trend for an inverse correlation. Sero-incidence was significantly correlated with incidence estimated from infection risks in Swedish travellers. CONCLUSIONS Sero-incidence estimation is a new method to estimate and compare the incidence of salmonella infections in human populations independent of surveillance artefacts. Our results confirm that comparison of reported incidence between countries can be grossly misleading, even within the European Union. Because sero-incidence includes asymptomatic infections, it is not a direct measure of burden of illness. But, pending further validation of this novel method, it may be a promising and cost-effective way to assess infection risks and to evaluate the effectiveness of salmonella control programmes across countries or over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Simonsen
- Division of Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina H Ceper
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wilfrid van Pelt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette de Valk
- Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Malgorzata Sadkowska-Todys
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lavinia Zota
- National Center for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Markku Kuusi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecilia Jernberg
- Department of Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Cristina Rota
- Centro Nazionale di Epidemiologia, Sorveglianza e Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Yvonne THP van Duynhoven
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter FM Teunis
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen A Krogfelt
- Department of Microbiological Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kåre Mølbak
- Division of Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mead G, Lammerding AM, Cox N, Doyle MP, Humbert F, Kulikovskiy A, Panin A, do Nascimento VP, Wierup M. Scientific and technical factors affecting the setting of Salmonella criteria for raw poultry: a global perspective. J Food Prot 2010; 73:1566-90. [PMID: 20819373 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.8.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about foodborne salmonellosis have led many countries to introduce microbiological criteria for certain food products. If such criteria are not well-grounded in science, they could be an unjustified obstacle to trade. Raw poultry products are an important part of the global food market. Import and export ambiguities and regulatory confusion resulting from different Salmonella requirements were the impetus for convening an international group of scientific experts from 16 countries to discuss the scientific and technical issues that affect the setting of a microbiological criterion for Salmonella contamination of raw chicken. A particular concern for the group was the use of criteria implying a zero tolerance for Salmonella and suggesting complete absence of the pathogen. The notion can be interpreted differently by various stakeholders and was considered inappropriate because there is neither an effective means of eliminating Salmonella from raw poultry nor any practical method for verifying its absence. Therefore, it may be more useful at present to set food safety metrics that involve reductions in hazard levels. Such terms as "zero tolerance" or "absence of a microbe" in relation to raw poultry should be avoided unless defined and explained by international agreement. Risk assessment provides a more meaningful approach than a zero tolerance philosophy, and new metrics, such as performance objectives that are linked to human health outcomes, should be utilized throughout the food chain to help define risk and identify ways to reduce adverse effects on public health.
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PEREZ KARLAJOSEANE, CECCON RAQUELVALIM, DA SILVA MALHEIROS PATRÍCIA, JONG ERNAVOGT, CESAR TONDO EDUARDO. INFLUENCE OF ACID ADAPTATION ON THE SURVIVAL OFSALMONELLAENTERITIDIS ANDSALMONELLATYPHIMURIUM IN SIMULATED GASTRIC FLUID AND INRATTUS NORVEGICUSINTESTINE INFECTION. J Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Scientific Opinion on a Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment of Salmonella in slaughter and breeder pigs. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Alakomi HL, Saarela M. Salmonellaimportance and current status of detection and surveillance methods. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-837x.2009.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smulders FJM, Vågsholm I, Korkeala H. Food-borne zoonoses, the EU zoonosis legislation and the prospects for food safety and consumer protection during primary animal production. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2008; 120:587-98. [PMID: 19083162 PMCID: PMC7088243 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-008-1061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Zoonoses are diseases that are transmitted naturally between animals and humans. The control of food-borne zoonoses within the European Union is a prerequisite for assuring a functional internal market and consequently represents an important item on the political agenda. Unfortunately, until recently, gaining a clear view of the current incidence of food-borne zoonoses and the prevalence of its causative agents has been frustrated by the absence of reliable monitoring and reporting systems. Similarly, it has become clear that, Europe wide, one has witnessed only limited success with regard to the control of important food-borne agents such as Salmonella spp. The European Union has adopted legislation to remedy this situation and to control food-borne zoonoses in primary production. This contribution discusses the incentives for introducing EU Directive 2003/99/EC and EU Regulation No. 2160/2003, summarises their essentials and discusses major ramifications of both pieces of legislation for the prevention of food-borne zoonoses. It is concluded that there is reason for cautious optimism concerning human salmonellosis, while for other food-borne zoonoses there should be a call for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans J M Smulders
- Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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