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Han W, Wang W, Wang Q, Maduray K, Hao L, Zhong J. A review on regulation of DNA methylation during post-myocardial infarction. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1267585. [PMID: 38414735 PMCID: PMC10896928 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1267585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) imposes a huge medical and economic burden on society, and cardiac repair after MI involves a complex series of processes. Understanding the key mechanisms (such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and fibrosis) will facilitate further drug development and patient treatment. Presently, a substantial body of evidence suggests that the regulation of epigenetic processes contributes to cardiac repair following MI, with DNA methylation being among the notable epigenetic factors involved. This article will review the research on the mechanism of DNA methylation regulation after MI to provide some insights for future research and development of related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Han
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kellina Maduray
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jingquan Zhong
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Mallikarjun V, Yin B, Caggiano LR, Blimbaum S, Pavelec CM, Holmes JW, Ewald SE. Automated spatially targeted optical micro proteomics identifies fibroblast- and macrophage-specific regulation of myocardial infarction scar maturation in rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 186:1-15. [PMID: 37951204 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) results from occlusion of blood supply to the heart muscle causing death of cardiac muscle cells. Following myocardial infarction (MI), extracellular matrix deposition and scar formation mechanically stabilize the injured heart as damaged myocytes undergo necrosis and removal. Fibroblasts and macrophages are key drivers of post-MI scar formation, maturation, and ongoing long-term remodelling; however, their individual contributions are difficult to assess from bulk analyses of infarct scar. Here, we employ state-of-the-art automated spatially targeted optical micro proteomics (autoSTOMP) to photochemically tag and isolate proteomes associated with subpopulations of fibroblasts (SMA+) and macrophages (CD68+) in the context of the native, MI tissue environment. Over a time course of 6-weeks post-MI, we captured dynamic changes in the whole-infarct proteome and determined that some of these protein composition signatures were differentially localized near SMA+ fibroblasts or CD68+ macrophages within the scar region. These results link specific cell populations to within-infarct protein remodelling and illustrate the distinct metabolic and structural processes underlying the observed physiology of each cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Mallikarjun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Bocheng Yin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Laura R Caggiano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Sydney Blimbaum
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Caitlin M Pavelec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Sarah E Ewald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Nishimura Y, Ono M, Okubo N, Sone T, Higashino M, Matsumoto S, Kubo M, Yamamoto K, Ono S, Ohnishi S, Sakamoto N. Application of polyglycolic acid sheets and basic fibroblast growth factor to prevent esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection in pigs. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1094-1104. [PMID: 37635203 PMCID: PMC10590298 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been the first-line treatment for early-stage esophageal cancer. However, it often causes postoperative stricture in cases requiring wide dissection. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) reportedly has anti-scarring effects during cutaneous wound healing. We hypothesized that suppressing myofibroblast activation will prevent stricture after esophageal ESD. METHODS We resected a complete porcine esophagus circumference section by ESD. To investigate the preventive effect of bFGF on esophageal stricture formation after ESD, we endoscopically applied bFGF-soaked poly-glycolic acid (PGA) sheets onto the wound bed after ESD and fixed them by spraying fibrin glue (PGA + bFGF group), PGA sheets alone onto the wound bed and fixed them by spraying fibrin glue (PGA group), or nothing (control group). After removing the esophagus on day 22, we evaluated the mucosal constriction rate. RESULTS Compared with those in the control group, esophageal stricture was significantly reduced in the PGA + bFGF group, and the areas stained with α-SMA and calponin-1 antibodies were significantly inhibited in the PGA + bFGF and PGA groups. The thickness of the fibrous layer in the PGA + bFGF group was uniform compared to that of the other groups. Thus, PGA + bFGF inhibited the development of unregulated fibroblasts in the acute phase, leading to uniform wound healing. CONCLUSIONS Stenosis after esophageal ESD is related to fibrosis in the acute phase. Administration of PGA and bFGF suppresses myofibroblast activation in the acute phase, thereby preventing esophageal constriction in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan.
| | - Naoto Okubo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sone
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Masayuki Higashino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Shogo Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Marina Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoko Ono
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-14-Jo Nishi-5-Chome Kita-Ku Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
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Wu L, Yin W, Wen J, Wang S, Li H, Wang X, Zhang W, Duan S, Zhu Q, Gao E, Wu S, Zhan B, Zhou R, Yang X. Excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms ameliorate myocardial infarction by inducing M2 macrophage polarization in a mouse model. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:362. [PMID: 37845695 PMCID: PMC10577921 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-induced inflammatory response is the main pathological mechanism of myocardial infarction (MI)-caused heart tissue injury. It has been known that helminths and worm-derived proteins are capable of modulating host immune response to suppress excessive inflammation as a survival strategy. Excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms (Ts-AES) have been shown to ameliorate inflammation-related diseases. In this study, Ts-AES were used to treat mice with MI to determine its therapeutic effect on reducing MI-induced heart inflammation and the immunological mechanism involved in the treatment. METHODS The MI model was established by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by the treatment of Ts-AES by intraperitoneal injection. The therapeutic effect of Ts-AES on MI was evaluated by measuring the heart/body weight ratio, cardiac systolic and diastolic functions, histopathological change in affected heart tissue and observing the 28-day survival rate. The effect of Ts-AES on mouse macrophage polarization was determined by stimulating mouse bone marrow macrophages in vitro with Ts-AES, and the macrophage phenotype was determined by flow cytometry. The protective effect of Ts-AES-regulated macrophage polarization on hypoxic cardiomyocytes was determined by in vitro co-culturing Ts-AES-induced mouse bone marrow macrophages with hypoxic cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocyte apoptosis determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS We observed that treatment with Ts-AES significantly improved cardiac function and ventricular remodeling, reduced pathological damage and mortality in mice with MI, associated with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increased regulatory cytokine expression and promoted macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 type in MI mice. Ts-AES-induced M2 macrophage polarization also reduced apoptosis of hypoxic cardiomyocytes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Ts-AES ameliorates MI in mice by promoting the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 type. Ts-AES is a potential pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of MI and other inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqin Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Wenhui Yin
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Jutai Wen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Weixiao Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Shuyao Duan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Shili Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rui Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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McElhinney K, Irnaten M, O’Brien C. p53 and Myofibroblast Apoptosis in Organ Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076737. [PMID: 37047710 PMCID: PMC10095465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis represents a dysregulated, maladaptive wound repair response that results in progressive disruption of normal tissue architecture leading to detrimental deterioration in physiological function, and significant morbidity/mortality. Fibrosis is thought to contribute to nearly 50% of all deaths in the Western world with current treatment modalities effective in slowing disease progression but not effective in restoring organ function or reversing fibrotic changes. When physiological wound repair is complete, myofibroblasts are programmed to undergo cell death and self-clearance, however, in fibrosis there is a characteristic absence of myofibroblast apoptosis. It has been shown that in fibrosis, myofibroblasts adopt an apoptotic-resistant, highly proliferative phenotype leading to persistent myofibroblast activation and perpetuation of the fibrotic disease process. Recently, this pathological adaptation has been linked to dysregulated expression of tumour suppressor gene p53. In this review, we discuss p53 dysregulation and apoptotic failure in myofibroblasts and demonstrate its consistent link to fibrotic disease development in all types of organ fibrosis. An enhanced understanding of the role of p53 dysregulation and myofibroblast apoptosis may aid in future novel therapeutic and/or diagnostic strategies in organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kealan McElhinney
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm O’Brien
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
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Senescent cardiac fibroblasts: A key role in cardiac fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166642. [PMID: 36669578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts are a cell population that controls the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix and orchestrates a damage response to maintain cardiac architecture and performance. Due to these functions, fibroblasts play a central role in cardiac fibrosis development, and there are large differences in matrix protein secretion profiles between fibroblasts from aged versus young animals. Senescence is a multifactorial and complex process that has been associated with inflammatory and fibrotic responses. After damage, transient cellular senescence is usually beneficial, as these cells promote tissue repair. However, the persistent presence of senescent cells within a tissue is linked with fibrosis development and organ dysfunction, leading to aging-related diseases such as cardiovascular pathologies. In the heart, early cardiac fibroblast senescence after myocardial infarction seems to be protective to avoid excessive fibrosis; however, in non-infarcted models of cardiac fibrosis, cardiac fibroblast senescence has been shown to be deleterious. Today, two new classes of drugs, termed senolytics and senostatics, which eliminate senescent cells or modify senescence-associated secretory phenotype, respectively, arise as novel therapeutical strategies to treat aging-related pathologies. However, further studies will be needed to evaluate the extent of the utility of senotherapeutic drugs in cardiac diseases, in which pathological context and temporality of the intervention must be considered.
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Niu XH, Liu RH, Lv X, He RL, Lv FZ, Wu SJ, Li XQ, Li L, Lin JF. Activating α7nAChR helps post-myocardial infarction healing by regulating macrophage polarization via the STAT3 signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:879-892. [PMID: 36912917 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes/macrophages play critical roles in inflammation and cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) modulates local and systemic inflammatory responses by activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) in monocytes/macrophages. We investigated the effect of α7nAChR on MI-induced monocyte/macrophage recruitment and polarization and its contribution to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley rats underwent coronary ligation and were intraperitoneally injected with the α7nAChR-selective agonist PNU282987 or the antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA). RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and treated with PNU282987, MLA, and S3I-201 (a STAT3 inhibitor). Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Masson's trichrome and immunofluorescence were used to detect cardiac fibrosis, myocardial capillary density, and M1/M2 macrophages. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression, and the proportion of monocytes was measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS Activating the CAP with PNU282987 significantly improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis and 28-day mortality after MI. On days 3 and 7 post-MI, PNU282987 reduced the percentage of peripheral CD172a + CD43low monocytes and the infiltration of M1 macrophages in the infarcted hearts, whereas it increased the recruitment of peripheral CD172a + CD43high monocytes and M2 macrophages. Conversely, MLA exerted the opposite effects. In vitro, PNU282987 inhibited M1 macrophage polarization and promoted M2 macrophage polarization in LPS + IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These PNU282987-induced changes in LPS + IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were reversed by administering S3I-201. CONCLUSION Activating α7nAChR inhibits the early recruitment of pro-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages during MI and improves cardiac function and remodeling. Our findings suggest a promising therapeutic target for regulating monocyte/macrophage phenotypes and promoting healing after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Niu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rong-Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rui-Lin He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Lv
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Shu-Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xu-Qing Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Jia-Feng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Xing Y, Xie S, Shi W, Zeng X, Deng W, Tang Q. Targeting interleukin-21 inhibits stress overload-induced cardiac remodelling via the TIMP4/MMP9 signalling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 940:175482. [PMID: 36587888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased inflammatory mediators produced by inflamed cells are often connected with pressure-induced cardiac remodelling and heart failure. Interleukin-21 (IL-21) serves as an immunomodulator involved in multiple pathological processes, while the role of IL-21 in pressure-induced cardiac remodelling remains unclear. EXPERIMENT APPROACH Cardiac function, CD4+T-cell infiltration, and IL-21 and IL-21 receptor expression levels were investigated in a pressure overload mouse model induced by aortic banding (AB) surgery. Western blotting and qPCR were used to detect the effects of IL-21 on inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis in the myocardium after AB surgery. In addition, the signal transduction mechanisms underlying these effects were investigated in vivo and in vitro by qPCR and western blotting. KEY RESULTS IL-21 levels in mice rapidly increased in the acute phase after AB surgery. Compared with those in the control group, the transverse aortas of mice in the AB surgery group contracted. However, it must be noted that neutralizing IL-21 could reduce myocardial injury and remodelling, while the administration of exogenous IL-21 recombinant protein had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, we learned that IL-21 is effective in inducing the activation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP4) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) signalling in vitro and in vivo. We believe that increased activation and secretion of IL-21 and CD4+ T cells may contribute to stress overload-induced cardiac remodelling. CONCLUSION These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which IL-21 stimulates myocardial inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis to induce stress-overload-induced myocardial remodelling by activating the TIMP4/MMP9 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Saiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wenke Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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9
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Direct cardiac reprogramming: basics and future challenges. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:865-871. [PMID: 36308583 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is characterized by reduced cardiac function. Currently, cardiac transplantation therapy is applied for end-stage heart failure, but it is limited by the number of available donors. METHODS AND RESULTS Following an assessment of available literature, a narrative review was conducted to summarizes the current status and challenges of cardiac reprogramming for clinical application. Scientists have developed different regenerative treatment strategies for curing heart failure, including progenitor cell delivery and pluripotent cell delivery. Recently, a novel strategy has emerged that directly reprograms cardiac fibroblast into a functional cardiomyocyte. In this treatment, transcription factors are first identified to reprogram fibroblast into a cardiomyocyte. After that, microRNA and small molecules show great potential to optimize the reprogramming process. Some challenges regarding cell reprogramming in humans are conversion efficiency, virus utilization, immature and heterogenous induced cardiomyocytes, technical reproducibility issues, and physiological effects of depleted fibroblasts on myocardial tissue. CONCLUSION Several strategies have shown positive results in direct cardiac reprogramming. However, direct cardiac reprogramming still needs improvement if it is used as a mainstay therapy in humans, and challenges need to be overcome before cardiac reprogramming can be considered a viable therapeutic strategy. Further advances in cardiac reprogramming studies are needed in cardiac regenerative therapy.
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10
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Novitskaya T, Nishat S, Covarrubias R, Wheeler DG, Chepurko E, Bermeo-Blanco O, Xu Z, Baer B, He H, Moore SN, Dwyer KM, Cowan PJ, Su YR, Absi TS, Schoenecker J, Bellan LM, Koch WJ, Bansal S, Feoktistov I, Robson SC, Gao E, Gumina RJ. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) impacts TGF-β1 responses: insights into cardiac fibrosis and function following myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1244-H1261. [PMID: 36240436 PMCID: PMC9722260 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00138.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular purine nucleotides and nucleosides released from activated or injured cells influence multiple aspects of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1; CD39) hydrolyzes released nucleotides and thereby regulates the magnitude and duration of purinergic signaling. However, the impact of CD39 activity on post-myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling is incompletely understood. We measured the levels and activity of ectonucleotidases in human left ventricular samples from control and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) hearts and examined the impact of ablation of Cd39 expression on post-myocardial infarction remodeling in mice. We found that human CD39 levels and activity are significantly decreased in ICM hearts (n = 5) compared with control hearts (n = 5). In mice null for Cd39, cardiac function and remodeling are significantly compromised in Cd39-/- mice following myocardial infarction. Fibrotic markers including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression, fibrin deposition, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and collagen expression are increased in Cd39-/- hearts. Importantly, we found that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) stimulates ATP release and induces Cd39 expression and activity on cardiac fibroblasts, constituting an autocrine regulatory pathway not previously appreciated. Absence of CD39 activity on cardiac fibroblasts exacerbates TGF-β1 profibrotic responses. Treatment with exogenous ectonucleotidase rescues this profibrotic response in Cd39-/- fibroblasts. Together, these data demonstrate that CD39 has important interactions with TGF-β1-stimulated autocrine purinergic signaling in cardiac fibroblasts and dictates outcomes of cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction. Our results reveal that ENTPD1 (CD39) regulates TGF-β1-mediated fibroblast activation and limits adverse cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that CD39 is a critical modulator of TGF-β1-mediated fibroblast activation and cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction via modulation of nucleotide signaling. TGF-β1-induced CD39 expression generates a negative feedback loop that attenuates cardiac fibroblast activation. In the absence of CD39 activity, collagen deposition is increased, elastin expression is decreased, and diastolic dysfunction is worsened. Treatment with ecto-apyrase attenuates the TGF-β1-induced profibrotic cardiac fibroblast phenotype, revealing a novel approach to combat post-myocardial infarction cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Novitskaya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shamama Nishat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Roman Covarrubias
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Davis Heart and Lung Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Debra G Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Oscar Bermeo-Blanco
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zhaobin Xu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bradly Baer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Heng He
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Stephanie N Moore
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Karen M Dwyer
- Immunology Research Center, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Cowan
- Immunology Research Center, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Ru Su
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tarek S Absi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan Schoenecker
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leon M Bellan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Shyam Bansal
- Davis Heart and Lung Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Igor Feoktistov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Simon C Robson
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erhe Gao
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Davis Heart and Lung Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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11
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Liu J, Zhang R, Wang D, Lin Y, Bai C, Nie N, Gao S, Zhang Q, Chang H, Ren C. Elucidating the role of circNFIB in myocardial fibrosis alleviation by endogenous sulfur dioxide. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:492. [PMID: 36404310 PMCID: PMC9677687 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the role of circNFIB in the alleviation of myocardial fibrosis by endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2). METHODS We stimulated cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and developed an in vitro myocardial fibrosis model. Lentivirus vectors containing aspartate aminotransferase 1 (AAT1) cDNA were used to overexpress AAT1, and siRNA was used to silence circNFIB. The SO2, collagen, circNFIB, Wnt/β-catenin, and p38 MAPK pathways were examined in each group. RESULTS In the in vitro TGF-β1-induced myocardial fibrosis model, endogenous SO2/AAT1 expression was significantly decreased, and collagen levels in the cell supernatant and type I and III collagen expression, as well as α-SMA expression, were all significantly increased. TGF-β1 also significantly reduced circNFIB expression. AAT1 overexpression significantly reduced myocardial fibrosis while significantly increasing circNFIB expression. Endogenous SO2 alleviated myocardial fibrosis after circNFIB expression was blocked. We discovered that circNFIB plays an important role in the alleviation of myocardial fibrosis by endogenous SO2 by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin and p38 MAPK pathways. CONCLUSION Endogenous SO2 promotes circNFIB expression, which inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, consequently alleviating myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of pediatric nephrology and rheumotology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of pediatric nephrology and rheumotology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dahai Wang
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of pediatric nephrology and rheumotology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Lin
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of pediatric nephrology and rheumotology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Bai
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of pediatric nephrology and rheumotology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nana Nie
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of pediatric nephrology and rheumotology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Gao
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of pediatric nephrology and rheumotology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuye Zhang
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of pediatric nephrology and rheumotology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Chang
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of pediatric nephrology and rheumotology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chongmin Ren
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of orthopedic oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Zhang J, Zhang F, Ge J. SGLT2 inhibitors protect cardiomyocytes from myocardial infarction: a direct mechanism? Future Cardiol 2022; 18:867-882. [PMID: 36111579 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2022-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SGLT2 inhibitors have been developed as a novel class of glucose-lowering drugs affecting reabsorption of glucose and metabolic processes. They have been recently identified to be remarkably favorable in treating cardiovascular diseases, especially heart failure. Preclinical experiments have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors could hinder the progression of myocardial infarction and alleviate cardiac remodeling by mechanisms of metabolism influence, autophagy induction, inflammation attenuation and fibrosis reduction. Here we summarize the direct mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors on myocardial infarction and investigate whether it could be applied to the clinic in improving cardiac function and healing after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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13
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Zhao K, Xu T, Mao Y, Wu X, Hua D, Sheng Y, Li P. Alamandine alleviated heart failure and fibrosis in myocardial infarction mice. Biol Direct 2022; 17:25. [PMID: 36167556 PMCID: PMC9516792 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-022-00338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alamandine (Ala) is the newest identified peptide of the renin-angiotensin system and has protective effect on myocyte hypertrophy. However, it is still unclear whether Ala can alleviate heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Ala on HF and the related cardiac fibrosis, and to probe the mechanism. HF model was induced by myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Four weeks after MI, Ala was administrated by intraperitoneal injection for two weeks. Ala injection significantly improved cardiac dysfunction of MI mice in vivo. The cardiac fibrosis and the related biomarkers were attenuated after Ala administration in HF mice in vivo. The increases of collagen I, alpha-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-beta induced by oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) were inhibited by Ala treatment in vitro. The biomarkers of apoptosis were elevated in NRCFs induced by OGD, which were attenuated after treating with Ala in vitro. The enhancement of oxidative stress in the heart of MI mice or in the NRCFs treated with OGD was suppressed by treating with Ala in vivo and in vitro. These effects of Ala were reversed by tBHP, an exogenous inducer of oxidative stress in vitro. These results demonstrated that Ala could alleviate cardiac dysfunction and attenuate cardiac fibrosis via inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yukang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongxu Hua
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhui Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Huang J, Zhang K, Du R, Liu W, Zhang H, Tian T, Wang Y, Wang G, Yin T. The Janus-faced role of Piezo1 in cardiovascular health under mechanical stimulation. Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492728 PMCID: PMC10363580 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cardiovascular health problems are becoming more and more serious. At the same time, mechanical stimulation closely relates to cardiovascular health. In this context, Piezo1, which is very sensitive to mechanical stimulation, has attracted our attention. Here, we review the critical significance of Piezo1 in mechanical stimulation of endothelial cells, NO production, lipid metabolism, DNA damage protection, the development of new blood vessels and maturation, narrowing of blood vessels, blood pressure regulation, vascular permeability, insulin sensitivity, and maintenance of red blood cell function. Besides, Piezo1 may participate in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. It is worth noting that Piezo1 has dual effects on maintaining cardiovascular health. On the one hand, the function of Piezo1 is necessary to maintain cardiovascular health; on the other hand, under some extreme mechanical stimulation, the overexpression of Piezo1 may bring adverse factors such as inflammation. Therefore, this review discusses the Janus-faced role of Piezo1 in maintaining cardiovascular health and puts forward new ideas to provide references for gene therapy or nanoagents targeting Piezo1.
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15
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Xie S, Xing Y, Shi W, Zhang M, Chen M, Fang W, Liu S, Zhang T, Zeng X, Chen S, Wang S, Deng W, Tang Q. Cardiac fibroblast heat shock protein 47 aggravates cardiac fibrosis post myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury by encouraging ubiquitin specific peptidase 10 dependent Smad4 deubiquitination. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4138-4153. [PMID: 36386478 PMCID: PMC9643299 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite complications were significantly reduced due to the popularity of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in clinical trials, reperfusion injury and chronic cardiac remodeling significantly contribute to poor prognosis and rehabilitation in AMI patients. We revealed the effects of HSP47 on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and shed light on the underlying molecular mechanism. We generated adult mice with lentivirus-mediated or miRNA (mi1/133TS)-aided cardiac fibroblast-selective HSP47 overexpression. Myocardial IRI was induced by 45-min occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery followed by 24 h reperfusion in mice, while ischemia-mediated cardiac remodeling was induced by four weeks of reperfusion. Also, the role of HSP47 in fibrogenesis was evaluated in cardiac fibroblasts following hypoxia–reoxygenation (HR). Extensive HSP47 was observed in murine infarcted hearts, human ischemic hearts, and cardiac fibroblasts and accelerated oxidative stress and apoptosis after myocardial IRI. Cardiac fibroblast-selective HSP47 overexpression exacerbated cardiac dysfunction caused by chronic myocardial IRI and presented deteriorative fibrosis and cell proliferation. HSP47 upregulation in cardiac fibroblasts promoted TGFβ1–Smad4 pathway activation and Smad4 deubiquitination by recruiting ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) in fibroblasts. However, cardiac fibroblast specific USP10 deficiency abolished HSP47-mediated fibrogenesis in hearts. Moreover, blockage of HSP47 with Col003 disturbed fibrogenesis in fibroblasts following HR. Altogether, cardiac fibroblast HSP47 aggravates fibrosis post-myocardial IRI by enhancing USP10-dependent Smad4 deubiquitination, which provided a potential strategy for myocardial IRI and cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wenke Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mengya Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wenxi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Si Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Piezo1 Channel as a Potential Target for Hindering Cardiac Fibrotic Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158065. [PMID: 35897650 PMCID: PMC9330509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic tissues share many common features with neoplasms where there is an increased stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this review, we present recent discoveries related to the role of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in several diseases, especially in regulating tumor progression, and how this can be compared with cardiac mechanobiology. Based on recent findings, Piezo1 could be upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts as a consequence of the mechanical stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli that occurs after myocardial injury, and its increased activity could be responsible for a positive feedback loop that leads to fibrosis progression. The increased Piezo1-mediated calcium flow may play an important role in cytoskeleton reorganization since it induces actin stress fibers formation, a well-known characteristic of fibroblast transdifferentiation into the activated myofibroblast. Moreover, Piezo1 activity stimulates ECM and cytokines production, which in turn promotes the phenoconversion of adjacent fibroblasts into new myofibroblasts, enhancing the invasive character. Thus, by assuming the Piezo1 involvement in the activation of intrinsic fibroblasts, recruitment of new myofibroblasts, and uncontrolled excessive ECM production, a new approach to blocking the fibrotic progression can be predicted. Therefore, targeted therapies against Piezo1 could also be beneficial for cardiac fibrosis.
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17
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Mizuno M, Nakano R, Nose S, Matsumura M, Nii Y, Kurogochi K, Sugiya H, Uechi M. Canonical NF-κB p65, but Not p105, Contributes to IL-1β-Induced IL-8 Expression in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863309. [PMID: 35514973 PMCID: PMC9065446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts participate in the inflammatory process of heart diseases as sentinel cells of the cardiac tissue. In this study, we investigated the effect of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), on the expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8), which contributes to the induction of innate immunity via the activation and recruitment of innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, to the site of inflammation in canine cardiac fibroblasts. IL-1β mediates IL-8 mRNA expression and protein release in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IL-β-mediated IL-8 protein release and mRNA expression were inhibited by 2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide, an inhibitor of the transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In cells treated with IL-1β, NF-κB p65 and p105 were transiently phosphorylated, indicating the activation of NF-κB. However, IL-1β failed to induce IL-8 mRNA expression in the cells transfected with p65 small interfering RNA (siRNA), but not in those transfected with p105 siRNA. These observations suggest that IL-1β induces IL-8 expression via the activation of NF-κB p65 in canine cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mizuno
- Japan Animal Specialty Medical Institute, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rei Nakano
- Japan Animal Specialty Medical Institute, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Saki Nose
- Japan Animal Specialty Medical Institute, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Moeka Matsumura
- Japan Animal Specialty Medical Institute, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nii
- Japan Animal Specialty Medical Institute, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Sugiya
- Japan Animal Specialty Medical Institute, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masami Uechi
- Japan Animal Specialty Medical Institute, Tsuzuki, Yokohama, Japan
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18
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Chen Q, Su L, Liu C, Gao F, Chen H, Yin Q, Li S. PRKAR1A and SDCBP Serve as Potential Predictors of Heart Failure Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878876. [PMID: 35592331 PMCID: PMC9110666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Early diagnosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who are at a high risk of heart failure (HF) progression remains controversial. This study aimed at identifying new predictive biomarkers of post-AMI HF and at revealing the pathogenesis of HF involving these marker genes. Methods and Results A transcriptomic dataset of whole blood cells from AMI patients with HF progression (post-AMI HF, n = 16) and without progression (post-AMI non-HF, n = 16) was analyzed using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The results indicated that one module consisting of 720 hub genes was significantly correlated with post-AMI HF. The hub genes were validated in another transcriptomic dataset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (post-AMI HF, n = 9; post-AMI non-HF, n = 8). PRKAR1A, SDCBP, SPRED2, and VAMP3 were upregulated in the two datasets. Based on a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of leukocytes from heart tissues of normal and infarcted mice, PRKAR1A was further verified to be upregulated in monocytes/macrophages on day 2, while SDCBP was highly expressed in neutrophils on day 2 and in monocytes/macrophages on day 3 after AMI. Cell-cell communication analysis via the "CellChat" package showed that, based on the interaction of ligand-receptor (L-R) pairs, there were increased autocrine/paracrine cross-talk networks of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils in the acute stage of MI. Functional enrichment analysis of the abovementioned L-R genes together with PRKAR1A and SDCBP performed through the Metascape platform suggested that PRKAR1A and SDCBP were mainly involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that PRKAR1A and SDCBP, as well as their combination, had a promising prognostic value in the identification of AMI patients who were at a high risk of HF progression. Conclusion This study identified that PRKAR1A and SDCBP may serve as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of post-AMI HF and also revealed their potentially regulatory mechanism during HF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Su
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanfen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qijin Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Research Department of Bioinformatics at the Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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19
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Progress in Bioengineering Strategies for Heart Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073482. [PMID: 35408844 PMCID: PMC8998628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human heart has the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs, and heart disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality in the industrialized world with insufficient therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Therefore, developing new therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration is a major goal in modern cardiac biology and medicine. Recent advances in stem cell biology and biotechnologies such as human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and cardiac tissue engineering hold great promise for opening novel paths to heart regeneration and repair for heart disease, although these areas are still in their infancy. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in cardiac tissue engineering strategies, highlighting stem cell engineering and cardiomyocyte maturation, development of novel functional biomaterials and biofabrication tools, and their therapeutic applications involving drug discovery, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine for heart disease.
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Cox FF, Misiou A, Vierkant A, Ale-Agha N, Grandoch M, Haendeler J, Altschmied J. Protective Effects of Curcumin in Cardiovascular Diseases—Impact on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondria. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030342. [PMID: 35159155 PMCID: PMC8833931 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contribute to a large part of worldwide mortality. Similarly, two of the major risk factors for these diseases, aging and obesity, are also global problems. Aging, the gradual decline of body functions, is non-modifiable. Obesity, a modifiable risk factor for CVDs, also predisposes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, it affects not only the vasculature and the heart but also specific fat depots, which themselves have a major impact on the development and progression of CVDs. Common denominators of aging, obesity, and T2DM include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities such as altered lipid profiles and glucose metabolism, and inflammation. Several plant substances such as curcumin, the major active compound in turmeric root, have been used for a long time in traditional medicine and for the treatment of CVDs. Newer mechanistic, animal, and human studies provide evidence that curcumin has pleiotropic effects and attenuates numerous parameters which contribute to an increased risk for CVDs in aging as well as in obesity. Thus, curcumin as a nutraceutical could hold promise in the prevention of CVDs, but more standardized clinical trials are required to fully unravel its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Frederike Cox
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Angelina Misiou
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Annika Vierkant
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niloofar Ale-Agha
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (J.A.); Tel.: +49-211-3389-291 (J.H. & J.A.); Fax: +49-211-3389-331 (J.H. & J.A.)
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.F.C.); (A.M.); (A.V.); (N.A.-A.)
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (J.A.); Tel.: +49-211-3389-291 (J.H. & J.A.); Fax: +49-211-3389-331 (J.H. & J.A.)
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21
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Walker CJ, Crocini C, Ramirez D, Killaars AR, Grim JC, Aguado BA, Clark K, Allen MA, Dowell RD, Leinwand LA, Anseth KS. Nuclear mechanosensing drives chromatin remodelling in persistently activated fibroblasts. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1485-1499. [PMID: 33875841 PMCID: PMC9102466 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic disease is caused by the continuous deposition of extracellular matrix by persistently activated fibroblasts (also known as myofibroblasts), even after the resolution of the injury. Using fibroblasts from porcine aortic valves cultured on hydrogels that can be softened via exposure to ultraviolet light, here we show that increased extracellular stiffness activates the fibroblasts, and that cumulative tension on the nuclear membrane and increases in the activity of histone deacetylases transform transiently activated fibroblasts into myofibroblasts displaying condensed chromatin with genome-wide alterations. The condensed structure of the myofibroblasts is associated with cytoskeletal stability, as indicated by the inhibition of chromatin condensation and myofibroblast persistence after detachment of the nucleus from the cytoskeleton via the displacement of endogenous nesprins from the nuclear envelope. We also show that the chromatin structure of myofibroblasts from patients with aortic valve stenosis is more condensed than that of myofibroblasts from healthy donors. Our findings suggest that nuclear mechanosensing drives distinct chromatin signatures in persistently activated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra J Walker
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Crocini
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Anouk R Killaars
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Joseph C Grim
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Brian A Aguado
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kyle Clark
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mary A Allen
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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22
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Hopes and Hurdles of Employing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313000. [PMID: 34884805 PMCID: PMC8657815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive cardiac fibrosis plays a crucial role in almost all types of heart disease. Generally, cardiac fibrosis is a scarring process triggered in response to stress, injury, or aging and is characterized by the accumulation of activated myofibroblasts that deposit high levels of extracellular matrix proteins in the myocardium. While it is beneficial for cardiac repair in the short term, it can also result in pathological remodeling, tissue stiffening, and cardiac dysfunction, contributing to the progression of heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. Despite its high prevalence, there is a lack of effective and safe therapies that specifically target myofibroblasts to inhibit or even reverse pathological cardiac fibrosis. In the past few decades, cell therapy has been under continuous evaluation as a potential treatment strategy, and several studies have shown that transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can reduce cardiac fibrosis and improve heart function. Mechanistically, it is believed that the heart benefits from MSC therapy by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative reactions. The mechanisms of action include paracrine signaling and cell-to-cell interactions. In this review, we provide an overview of the anti-fibrotic properties of MSCs and approaches to enhance them and discuss future directions of MSCs for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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23
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Hillsley A, Santos JE, Rosales AM. A deep learning approach to identify and segment alpha-smooth muscle actin stress fiber positive cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21855. [PMID: 34750438 PMCID: PMC8575943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by excessive tissue deposition, matrix remodeling, and tissue stiffening, which eventually leads to organ failure. On a cellular level, the development of fibrosis is associated with the activation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, a highly contractile and secretory phenotype. Myofibroblasts are commonly identified in vitro by the de novo assembly of alpha-smooth muscle actin stress fibers; however, there are few methods to automate stress fiber identification, which can lead to subjectivity and tedium in the process. To address this limitation, we present a computer vision model to classify and segment cells containing alpha-smooth muscle actin stress fibers into 2 classes (α-SMA SF+ and α-SMA SF-), with a high degree of accuracy (cell accuracy: 77%, F1 score 0.79). The model combines standard image processing methods with deep learning techniques to achieve semantic segmentation of the different cell phenotypes. We apply this model to cardiac fibroblasts cultured on hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels of various moduli to induce alpha-smooth muscle actin stress fiber formation. The model successfully predicts the same trends in stress fiber identification as obtained with a manual analysis. Taken together, this work demonstrates a process to automate stress fiber identification in in vitro fibrotic models, thereby increasing reproducibility in fibroblast phenotypic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hillsley
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Javier E Santos
- Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Adrianne M Rosales
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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24
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Zhang X, Qu H, Yang T, Kong X, Zhou H. Regulation and functions of NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac fibrosis: Current knowledge and clinical significance. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112219. [PMID: 34560540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis can lead to heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death, representing one of the leading causes of death due to cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis involves several multifactorial processes that cannot be effectively controlled by the available therapies. Therefore, current research has focused on the development of novel drugs that can be used to prevent cardiac fibrosis. Recent studies on the functions of inflammasome have provided an in-depth understanding of the regulatory functions of inflammasome in cardiac fibrosis. This review summarizes the latest research on the functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome in various cardiovascular diseases. The latest findings indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates several inflammatory responses and is associated with pyroptosis, mitochondrial regulation, and myofibroblast differentiation in cardiac fibrosis. These novel findings provide insight into the vital role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis, which can be used to identify new targets for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyan Qu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Salas-Hernández A, Ruz-Cortés F, Bruggendieck F, Espinoza-Perez C, Espitia-Corredor J, Varela NM, Quiñones LA, Sánchez-Ferrer C, Peiró C, Díaz-Araya G. Resolvin D1 reduces expression and secretion of cytokines and monocyte adhesion triggered by Angiotensin II, in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111947. [PMID: 34328122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) play an important role in the healing process and in pathological remodeling of cardiac tissue. As sentinel cells in the heart, they respond to inflammatory stimuli, expressing cytokines and cell adhesion proteins, which ultimately lead to increased recruitment of monocytes and enhancement of the inflammatory response. Angiotensin II (Ang II) triggers an inflammatory response, leading to cardiac tissue remodeling. On the other hand, RvD1 has been shown to contribute to the resolution of inflammation; however, its role in Ang II-treated CF has not been addressed until now. The present research aimed to study the effect of RvD1 on cytokine levels, cell adhesion proteins expression in a model of Ang II-triggered inflammatory response. CF from adult Sprague Dawley rats were used to study mRNA and protein levels of MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-a, IL-10, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1; and adhesion of spleen mononuclear cells to CF after Ang II stimulation. Our results show that Ang II increased IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-a mRNA levels, but only increased IL-6 and MCP-1 protein levels. These effects were blocked by Losartan, but not by PD123369. Moreover, RvD1 was able to prevent all Ang II effects in CF. Additionally, RvD1 reduced the intracellular Ca2+ increase triggered by Ang II, indicating that RvD1 acts in an early manner to block Ang II signaling. Conclusion: our findings confirm the pro-resolutive effects of inflammation by RvD1, which at the cardiovascular level, could contribute to repair damaged cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimeé Salas-Hernández
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Drug Dependence, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - Felipe Ruz-Cortés
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Bruggendieck
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Espinoza-Perez
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenaro Espitia-Corredor
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson M Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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26
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Childers RC, Lucchesi PA, Gooch KJ. Decreased Substrate Stiffness Promotes a Hypofibrotic Phenotype in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126231. [PMID: 34207723 PMCID: PMC8230133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A hypofibrotic phenotype has been observed in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) isolated from a volume overload heart failure model, aortocaval fistula (ACF). This paradoxical phenotype results in decreased ECM synthesis despite increased TGF-β presence. Since ACF results in decreased tissue stiffness relative to control (sham) hearts, this study investigates whether the effects of substrate stiffness could account for the observed hypofibrotic phenotype in CFs isolated from ACF. CFs isolated from ACF and sham hearts were plated on polyacrylamide gels of a range of stiffness (2 kPa to 50 kPa). Markers related to cytoskeletal and fibrotic proteins were measured. Aspects of the hypofibrotic phenotype observed in ACF CFs were recapitulated by sham CFs on soft substrates. For instance, sham CFs on the softest gels compared to ACF CFs on the stiffest gels results in similar CTGF (0.80 vs. 0.76) and transgelin (0.44 vs. 0.57) mRNA expression. The changes due to stiffness may be explained by the observed decreased nuclear translocation of transcriptional regulators, MRTF-A and YAP. ACF CFs appear to have a mechanical memory of a softer environment, supported by a hypofibrotic phenotype overall compared to sham with less YAP detected in the nucleus, and less CTGF and transgelin on all stiffnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Childers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Pamela A. Lucchesi
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Correspondence: (P.A.L.); (K.J.G.)
| | - Keith J. Gooch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.A.L.); (K.J.G.)
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Borrelli MA, Turnquist HR, Little SR. Biologics and their delivery systems: Trends in myocardial infarction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:181-215. [PMID: 33775706 PMCID: PMC8178247 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death around the world, in which myocardial infarction (MI) is a precipitating event. However, current therapies do not adequately address the multiple dysregulated systems following MI. Consequently, recent studies have developed novel biologic delivery systems to more effectively address these maladies. This review utilizes a scientometric summary of the recent literature to identify trends among biologic delivery systems designed to treat MI. Emphasis is placed on sustained or targeted release of biologics (e.g. growth factors, nucleic acids, stem cells, chemokines) from common delivery systems (e.g. microparticles, nanocarriers, injectable hydrogels, implantable patches). We also evaluate biologic delivery system trends in the entire regenerative medicine field to identify emerging approaches that may translate to the treatment of MI. Future developments include immune system targeting through soluble factor or chemokine delivery, and the development of advanced delivery systems that facilitate the synergistic delivery of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Borrelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, 200 Darragh St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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28
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miR155 Deficiency Reduces Myofibroblast Density but Fails to Improve Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction in Dyslipidemic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115480. [PMID: 34067440 PMCID: PMC8197013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction remains the most common cause of heart failure with adverse remodeling. MicroRNA (miR)155 is upregulated following myocardial infarction and represents a relevant regulatory factor for cardiac remodeling by engagement in cardiac inflammation, fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Here, we investigated the role of miR155 in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction following myocardial infarction in a dyslipidemic mouse model. Myocardial infarction was induced in dyslipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice with and without additional miR155 knockout by ligation of the LAD. Four weeks later, echocardiography was performed to assess left ventricular (LV) dimensions and function, and mice were subsequently sacrificed for histological analysis. Echocardiography revealed no difference in LV ejection fractions, LV mass and LV volumes between ApoE−/− and ApoE−/−/miR155−/− mice. Histology confirmed comparable infarction size and unaltered neoangiogenesis in the myocardial scar. Notably, myofibroblast density was significantly decreased in ApoE−/−/miR155−/− mice compared to the control, but no difference was observed for total collagen deposition. Our findings reveal that genetic depletion of miR155 in a dyslipidemic mouse model of myocardial infarction does not reduce infarction size and consecutive heart failure but does decrease myofibroblast density in the post-ischemic scar.
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29
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Marconi GD, Fonticoli L, Rajan TS, Lanuti P, Della Rocca Y, Pierdomenico SD, Trubiani O, Pizzicannella J, Diomede F. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1 and Human Gingival Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Differentiation: Molecular and Morphological Modifications. Front Physiol 2021; 12:676512. [PMID: 34093237 PMCID: PMC8176099 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.676512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After oral mucosal injury, the healing response following specific steps that lead to wound closure and to tissue repair. Multiple cell populations are involved in this process; in particular, fibroblasts play a key role in the production of extracellular matrix (ECM). During wound healing the remodeling of ECM is a key stage to restore the tissue functionality through multifunctional fibroblast populations that are placed in the connective tissues of gingiva and periodontal ligament. Notably, a fibroblast sub-type (myofibroblast) is centrally involved in collagen synthesis and fibrillar remodeling. The present work evidenced the role of Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) to mediate human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) differentiation into myofibroblasts derived from gingival fibroblasts (myo-hGFs). The morphological and functional features were analyzed through Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), flow cytometry, and western blotting analyses. The specific markers, such as alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA), Vimentin, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and Smad 2/3, were modulated in myo-hGFs after the induction with TGF-β1, at different time points (24, 48, and 72 h). After 72 h of treatment TGF-β1 operates as an inducer of hGFs into myo-hGFs differentiation. We propose that TGF-β1 may promote in vitro the fibroblasts-to-myofibroblasts transition via the morphological and molecular modifications, as the induction of α-SMA, Vimentin, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and Smad 2/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guya D Marconi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigia Fonticoli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ylenia Della Rocca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sante D Pierdomenico
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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30
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Stewart L, Turner NA. Channelling the Force to Reprogram the Matrix: Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:990. [PMID: 33922466 PMCID: PMC8145896 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) play a pivotal role in preserving myocardial function and integrity of the heart tissue after injury, but also contribute to future susceptibility to heart failure. CF sense changes to the cardiac environment through chemical and mechanical cues that trigger changes in cellular function. In recent years, mechanosensitive ion channels have been implicated as key modulators of a range of CF functions that are important to fibrotic cardiac remodelling, including cell proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix turnover and paracrine signalling. To date, seven mechanosensitive ion channels are known to be functional in CF: the cation non-selective channels TRPC6, TRPM7, TRPV1, TRPV4 and Piezo1, and the potassium-selective channels TREK-1 and KATP. This review will outline current knowledge of these mechanosensitive ion channels in CF, discuss evidence of the mechanosensitivity of each channel, and detail the role that each channel plays in cardiac remodelling. By better understanding the role of mechanosensitive ion channels in CF, it is hoped that therapies may be developed for reducing pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil A. Turner
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
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31
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Sahadevan P, Allen BG. Isolation and culture of adult murine cardiac atrial and ventricular fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Methods 2021; 203:187-195. [PMID: 33838270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts play a critical role in extracellular matrix homeostasis, wound healing, and cardiac interstitial fibrosis: the latter being a pathophysiological response to a chronic increase in afterload. Using a standard protocol to isolate cardiac fibroblasts and maintain them in their quiescent phenotype in vitro will enable a better understanding of cardiac fibroblast biology and their role in the response to profibrotic stimuli. Here, we describe an enzymatic method for isolating cardiac fibroblasts. The resulting cells are maintained on either a collagen-coated hydrogel-bound polystyrene (compliant) substrate or standard polystyrene culture dishes (non-compliant) to obtain quiescent fibroblasts and activated fibroblasts (myofibroblasts), respectively. Fibroblasts maintained on a non-compliant substrate developed a myofibroblast phenotype, in which the αSMA immunoreactivity was markedly elevated and incorporated into the stress fibers. In contrast, ventricular and atrial fibroblasts retain their quiescent phenotype for up to 3 passages when maintained on a compliant substrate. Hence, the methodology described herein provides a simple and reproducible way to isolate adult murine atrial and ventricular cardiac fibroblasts from a single animal and, by selecting a substrate with the appropriate compliance, examine the mediators of fibroblast activation or inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sahadevan
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St., Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St., Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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32
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Diaz MD, Tran E, Spang M, Wang R, Gaetani R, Luo CG, Braden R, Hill RC, Hansen KC, DeMaria AN, Christman KL. Injectable Myocardial Matrix Hydrogel Mitigates Negative Left Ventricular Remodeling in a Chronic Myocardial Infarction Model. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:350-361. [PMID: 33997521 PMCID: PMC8093531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial matrix hydrogel preserves LV volumes and apical wall thickening in a chronic MI model. Myocardial matrix hydrogel trends toward reduced fibrosis. In vivo differential gene expression analysis shows the matrix modulates cardiac muscle contraction, metabolism, fibrosis, and the inflammatory/immune response in a chronic MI model.
A first-in-man clinical study on a myocardial-derived decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel suggested the potential for efficacy in chronic myocardial infarction (MI) patients. However, little is understood about the mechanism of action in chronic MI. In this study, the authors investigated the efficacy and mechanism by which the myocardial matrix hydrogel can mitigate negative left ventricular (LV) remodeling in a rat chronic MI model. Assessment of cardiac function via magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated preservation of LV volumes and apical wall thickening. Differential gene expression analyses showed the matrix is able to prevent further negative LV remodeling in the chronic MI model through modulation of the immune response, down-regulation of pathways involved in heart failure progression and fibrosis, and up-regulation of genes important for cardiac muscle contraction.
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Key Words
- CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDV, end-diastolic volume
- EF, ejection fraction
- ESV, end-systolic volume
- HF, heart failure
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LV, left ventricular
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MS, mass spectrometry
- QconCAT, quantitative concatamer
- biomaterials
- chronic inflammation
- chronic myocardial infarction
- gene expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda D Diaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elaine Tran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Spang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Raymond Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Roberto Gaetani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Colin G Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Braden
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ryan C Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony N DeMaria
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karen L Christman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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33
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Biomechanical properties of acellular scar ECM during the acute to chronic stages of myocardial infarction. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104342. [PMID: 33516128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), the infarcted tissue undergoes dynamic and time-dependent changes. Previous knowledge on MI biomechanical alterations has been obtained by studying the explanted scar tissues. In this study, we decellularized MI scar tissue and characterized the biomechanics of the obtained pure scar ECM. By thoroughly removing the cellular content in the MI scar tissue, we were able to avoid its confounding effects. Rat MI hearts were obtained from a reliable and reproducible model based on permanent left coronary artery ligation (PLCAL). MI heart explants at various time points (15 min, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks) were subjected to decellularization with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution for ~1-2 weeks to obtain acellular scar ECM. A biaxial mechanical testing system was used to characterize the acellular scar ECM under physiologically relevant loading conditions. After decellularization, large decrease in wall thickness was observed in the native heart ECM and 15 min scar ECM, implying the collapse of cardiomyocyte lacunae after removal of heart muscle fibers. For scar ECM 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks post infarction, the decrease in wall thickness after decellularization was small. For scar ECM 12 weeks post infarction, the reduction amount of wall thickness due to decellularization was minimal. We found that the scar ECM preserved the overall mechanical anisotropy of the native ventricle wall and MI scar tissue, in which the longitudinal direction is more extensible. Acellular scar ECM from 15 min to 12 weeks post infarction showed an overall stiffening trend in biaxial behavior, in which longitudinal direction was mostly affected and manifested with a decreased extensibility and increased modulus. This reduction trend of longitudinal extensibility also led to a decreased anisotropy index in the scar ECM from the acute to chronic stages of MI. The post-MI change in biomechanical properties of the scar ECM reflected the alterations of collagen fiber network, confirmed by the histology of scar ECM. In short, the reported structure-property relationship reveals how scar ECM biophysical properties evolve from the acute to chronic stages of MI. The obtained information will help establish a knowledge basis about the dynamics of scar ECM to better understand post-MI cardiac remodeling.
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34
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Budharaju H, Subramanian A, Sethuraman S. Recent advancements in cardiovascular bioprinting and bioprinted cardiac constructs. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1974-1994. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensionally bioprinted cardiac constructs with biomimetic bioink helps to create native-equivalent cardiac tissues to treat patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhan Budharaju
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials
- ACBDE Innovation Centre
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed to be University
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials
- ACBDE Innovation Centre
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed to be University
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials
- ACBDE Innovation Centre
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed to be University
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35
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Aujla PK, Kassiri Z. Diverse origins and activation of fibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109869. [PMID: 33278559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (cFBs) have emerged as a heterogenous cell population. Fibroblasts are considered the main cell source for synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and as such a dysregulation in cFB function, activity, or viability can lead to disrupted ECM structure or fibrosis. Fibrosis can be initiated in response to different injuries and stimuli, and can be reparative (beneficial) or reactive (damaging). FBs need to be activated to myofibroblasts (MyoFBs) which have augmented capacity in synthesizing ECM proteins, causing fibrosis. In addition to the resident FBs in the myocardium, a number of other cells (pericytes, fibrocytes, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic cells) can transform into MyoFBs, further driving the fibrotic response. Multiple molecules including hormones, cytokines, and growth factors stimulate this process leading to generation of activated MyoFBs. Contribution of different cell types to cFBs and MyoFBs can result in an exponential increase in the number of MyoFBs and an accelerated pro-fibrotic response. Given the diversity of the cell sources, and the array of interconnected signalling pathways that lead to formation of MyoFBs and subsequently fibrosis, identifying a single target to limit the fibrotic response in the myocardium has been challenging. This review article will delineate the importance and relevance of fibroblast heterogeneity in mediating fibrosis in different models of heart failure and will highlight important signalling pathways implicated in myofibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetinder K Aujla
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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36
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Unudurthi SD, Luthra P, Bose RJC, McCarthy JR, Kontaridis MI. Cardiac inflammation in COVID-19: Lessons from heart failure. Life Sci 2020; 260:118482. [PMID: 32971105 PMCID: PMC7505073 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common co-morbidity associated with COVID-19 and the fatality rate in COVID-19 patients with CVD is higher compared to other comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes. Preliminary data suggest that COVID-19 may also cause or worsen cardiac injury in infected patients through multiple mechanisms such as 'cytokine storm', endotheliosis, thrombosis, lymphocytopenia etc. Autopsies of COVID-19 patients reveal an infiltration of inflammatory mononuclear cells in the myocardium, confirming the role of the immune system in mediating cardiovascular damage in response to COVID-19 infection and also suggesting potential causal mechanisms for the development of new cardiac pathologies and/or exacerbation of underlying CVDs in infected patients. In this review, we discuss the potential underlying molecular mechanisms that drive COVID-19-mediated cardiac damage, as well as the short term and expected long-term cardiovascular ramifications of COVID-19 infection in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya D Unudurthi
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA.
| | | | - Rajendran J C Bose
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Maria Irene Kontaridis
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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37
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Bugg D, Bretherton R, Kim P, Olszewski E, Nagle A, Schumacher AE, Chu N, Gunaje J, DeForest CA, Stevens K, Kim DH, Davis J. Infarct Collagen Topography Regulates Fibroblast Fate via p38-Yes-Associated Protein Transcriptional Enhanced Associate Domain Signals. Circ Res 2020; 127:1306-1322. [PMID: 32883176 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Myocardial infarction causes spatial variation in collagen organization and phenotypic diversity in fibroblasts, which regulate the heart's ECM (extracellular matrix). The relationship between collagen structure and fibroblast phenotype is poorly understood but could provide insights regarding the mechanistic basis for myofibroblast heterogeneity in the injured heart. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of collagen organization in cardiac fibroblast fate determination. METHODS AND RESULTS Biomimetic topographies were nanofabricated to recapitulate differential collagen organization in the infarcted mouse heart. Here, adult cardiac fibroblasts were freshly isolated and cultured on ECM topographical mimetics for 72 hours. Aligned mimetics caused cardiac fibroblasts to elongate while randomly organized topographies induced circular morphology similar to the disparate myofibroblast morphologies measured in vivo. Alignment cues also induced myofibroblast differentiation, as >60% of fibroblasts formed αSMA (α-smooth muscle actin) stress fibers and expressed myofibroblast-specific ECM genes like Postn (periostin). By contrast, random organization caused 38% of cardiac fibroblasts to express αSMA albeit with downregulated myofibroblast-specific ECM genes. Coupling topographical cues with the profibrotic agonist, TGFβ (transforming growth factor beta), additively upregulated myofibroblast-specific ECM genes independent of topography, but only fibroblasts on flat and randomly oriented mimetics had increased percentages of fibroblasts with αSMA stress fibers. Increased tension sensation at focal adhesions induced myofibroblast differentiation on aligned mimetics. These signals were transduced by p38-YAP (yes-associated protein)-TEAD (transcriptional enhanced associate domain) interactions, in which both p38 and YAP-TEAD (yes-associated protein transcriptional enhanced associate domain) binding were required for myofibroblast differentiation. By contrast, randomly oriented mimetics did not change focal adhesion tension sensation or enrich for p38-YAP-TEAD interactions, which explains the topography-dependent diversity in fibroblast phenotypes observed here. CONCLUSIONS Spatial variations in collagen organization regulate cardiac fibroblast phenotype through mechanical activation of p38-YAP-TEAD signaling, which likely contribute to myofibroblast heterogeneity in the infarcted myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrian Bugg
- Pathology (D.B., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ross Bretherton
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Peter Kim
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Emily Olszewski
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Abigail Nagle
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Nick Chu
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jagadambika Gunaje
- Pathology (D.B., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Chemical Engineering (C.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Kelly Stevens
- Bioengineering (R.B., P.K., E.O., A.N., N.C., C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Pathology (D.B., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (C.A.D., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (D.-H.K.).,Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.-H.K.)
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (D.B., R.B., E.O., A.N., J.G., K.S., J.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
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38
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Zeigler AC, Nelson AR, Chandrabhatla AS, Brazhkina O, Holmes JW, Saucerman JJ. Computational model predicts paracrine and intracellular drivers of fibroblast phenotype after myocardial infarction. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:136-151. [PMID: 32209358 PMCID: PMC7434705 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast is a key mediator of wound healing in the heart and other organs, yet how it integrates multiple time-dependent paracrine signals to control extracellular matrix synthesis has been difficult to study in vivo. Here, we extended a computational model to simulate the dynamics of fibroblast signaling and fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) in response to time-dependent data for nine paracrine stimuli. This computational model was validated against dynamic collagen expression and collagen area fraction data from post-infarction rat hearts. The model predicted that while many features of the fibroblast phenotype at inflammatory or maturation phases of healing could be recapitulated by single static paracrine stimuli (interleukin-1 and angiotensin-II, respectively), mimicking the reparative phase required paired stimuli (e.g. TGFβ and endothelin-1). Virtual overexpression screens simulated with either static cytokine pairs or post-MI paracrine dynamic predicted phase-specific regulators of collagen expression. Several regulators increased (Smad3) or decreased (Smad7, protein kinase G) collagen expression specifically in the reparative phase. NADPH oxidase (NOX) overexpression sustained collagen expression from reparative to maturation phases, driven by TGFβ and endothelin positive feedback loops. Interleukin-1 overexpression had mixed effects, both enhancing collagen via the TGFβ positive feedback loop and suppressing collagen via NFκB and BAMBI (BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) incoherent feed-forward loops. These model-based predictions reveal network mechanisms by which the dynamics of paracrine stimuli and interacting signaling pathways drive the progression of fibroblast phenotypes and fibrosis after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Zeigler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0759, USA
| | - Anders R Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anirudha S Chandrabhatla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0759, USA
| | - Olga Brazhkina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0759, USA; Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0759, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0759, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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39
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Long-term administration of recombinant canstatin prevents adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12881. [PMID: 32732948 PMCID: PMC7393096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) still remains a leading cause of mortality throughout the world. An adverse cardiac remodeling, such as hypertrophy and fibrosis, in non-infarcted area leads to uncompensated heart failure with cardiac dysfunction. We previously demonstrated that canstatin, a C-terminus fragment of type IV collagen α2 chain, exerted anti-remodeling effect against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy model rats. In the present study, we examined whether a long-term administration of recombinant canstatin exhibits a cardioprotective effect against the adverse cardiac remodeling in MI model rats. Left anterior descending artery of male Wistar rats was ligated and recombinant mouse canstatin (20 μg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected for 28 days. Long-term administration of canstatin improved survival rate and significantly inhibited left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction after MI. Canstatin significantly inhibited scar thinning in the infarcted area and significantly suppressed cardiac hypertrophy, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, interstitial fibrosis and increase of myofibroblasts in the non-infarcted area. Canstatin significantly inhibited transforming growth factor-β1-induced differentiation of rat cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. The present study for the first time demonstrated that long-term administration of recombinant canstatin exerts cardioprotective effects against adverse cardiac remodeling in MI model rats.
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40
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Will PA, Rafiei A, Pretze M, Gazyakan E, Ziegler B, Kneser U, Engel H, Wängler B, Kzhyshkowska J, Hirche C. Evidence of stage progression in a novel, validated fluorescence-navigated and microsurgical-assisted secondary lymphedema rodent model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235965. [PMID: 32701960 PMCID: PMC7377415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary lymphedema (SL)is a frequent and devastating complication of modern oncological therapy and filarial infections. A lack of a reliable preclinical model to investigate the underlying mechanism of clinical stage progression has limited the development of new therapeutic strategies. Current first line treatment has shown to be merely symptomatic and relies on lifetime use of compression garments and decongestive physiotherapy. In this study, we present the development of a secondary lymphedema model in 35 rats using pre- and intraoperative fluorescence-guided mapping of the lymphatics and microsurgical induction. In contrast to the few models reported so far, we decided to avoid the use of radiation for lymphedema induction. It turned out, that the model is nearly free of complications and capable of generating a statistically significant limb volume increase by water displacement measurements, sustained for at least 48 days. A translational, accurate lymphatic dysfunction was visualized by a novel VIS-NIR X-ray ICG-Clearance-Capacity imaging technology. For the first-time SL stage progression was validated by characteristic histological alterations, such as subdermal mast cell infiltration, adipose tissue deposition, and fibrosis by increased skin collagen content. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy analysis suggested that stage progression is related to the presence of a characteristic α SMA+/HSP-47+/vimentin+ fibroblast subpopulation phenotype. These findings demonstrate that the in-vivo model is a reliable and clinically relevant SL model for the development of further secondary lymphedema therapeutic strategies and the analysis of the veiled molecular mechanisms of lymphatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Will
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Centre, BG-Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - A. Rafiei
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Centre, BG-Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - M. Pretze
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - E. Gazyakan
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Centre, BG-Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - B. Ziegler
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Centre, BG-Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - U. Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Centre, BG-Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - H. Engel
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Centre, BG-Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Ethianum Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Wängler
- Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J. Kzhyshkowska
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C. Hirche
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Centre, BG-Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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41
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Cardiac fibroblast activation during myocardial infarction wound healing: Fibroblast polarization after MI. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:109-116. [PMID: 32446909 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac wound healing after myocardial infarction (MI) evolves from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory to reparative responses, and the cardiac fibroblast is a central player during the entire transition. The fibroblast mirrors changes seen in the left ventricle infarct by undergoing a continuum of polarization phenotypes that follow pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and pro-scar producing profiles. The development of each phenotype transition is contingent upon the MI environment into which the fibroblast enters. In this mini-review, we summarize our current knowledge regarding cardiac fibroblast activation during MI and highlight key areas where gaps remain.
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42
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Tarbit E, Singh I, Peart JN, Rose'Meyer RB. Biomarkers for the identification of cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblast cells. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 24:1-15. [PMID: 29987445 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Experimental research has recognized the importance of cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblast cells in heart repair and function. In a normal healthy heart, the cardiac fibroblast plays a central role in the structural, electrical, and chemical aspects within the heart. Interestingly, the transformation of cardiac fibroblast cells to cardiac myofibroblast cells is suspected to play a vital part in the development of heart failure. The ability to differentiate between the two cells types has been a challenge. Myofibroblast cells are only expressed in the stressed or failing heart, so a better understanding of cell function may identify therapies that aid repair of the damaged heart. This paper will provide an outline of what is currently known about cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, the physiological and pathological roles within the heart, and causes for the transition of fibroblasts into myoblasts. We also reviewed the potential markers available for characterizing these cells and found that there is no single-cell specific marker that delineates fibroblast or myofibroblast cells. To characterize the cells of fibroblast origin, vimentin is commonly used. Cardiac fibroblasts can be identified using discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) while α-smooth muscle actin is used to distinguish myofibroblasts. A known cytokine TGF-β1 is well established to cause the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. This review will also discuss clinical treatments that inhibit or reduce the actions of TGF-β1 and its contribution to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiri Tarbit
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Griffith, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Indu Singh
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Griffith, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Griffith, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Roselyn B Rose'Meyer
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Griffith, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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43
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Contrasting Effects of Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 3 and 5 on Cardiac Function and Interstitial Fibrosis in Rats With Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 73:195-205. [PMID: 30839513 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial relaxation and stiffness are influenced by fibrillar collagen content. Cyclic nucleotide signaling regulators have been investigated targeting more effective modulation of collagen deposition during myocardial healing process. To assess the effects of phosphodiesterase type 3 and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on cardiac function and left ventricular myocardial fibrosis in catecholamine-induced myocardial injury, sildenafil and pimobendan were administered to male Wistar rats 24 hours after isoproterenol injection. Echocardiography and electrocardiogram were performed to assess kinetic and rhythm changes during 45 days of drug administration. At the end of study, type I and type III collagen were measured through immunohistochemistry analysis, and left ventricular pressure was assessed through invasive method. Echocardiography assessment showed increased relative wall thickness at 45 days in pimobendan group with significant diastolic dysfunction and increased collagen I deposition compared with nontreated positive group (3.03 ± 0.31 vs. 2.73 ± 0.28%, P < 0.05). Diastolic pressure correlated positively with type I collagen (r = 0.54, P < 0.05). Type III collagen analysis did not demonstrate difference among the groups. Sildenafil administration attenuated type I collagen deposition (2.15 ± 0.51 vs. positive group, P < 0.05) and suggested to be related to arrhythmic events. Arrhythmic events were not related to the quantity of fibrillar collagen deposition. Although negative modulation of collagen synthesis through cyclic nucleotides signaling have shown promising results, in this study, pimobendan postconditioning resulted in increased collagen type I formation and severe diastolic dysfunction while sildenafil postconditioning reduced collagen type I deposition and attenuated diastolic dysfunction.
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44
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Koth J, Wang X, Killen AC, Stockdale WT, Potts HG, Jefferson A, Bonkhofer F, Riley PR, Patient RK, Göttgens B, Mommersteeg MTM. Runx1 promotes scar deposition and inhibits myocardial proliferation and survival during zebrafish heart regeneration. Development 2020; 147:dev186569. [PMID: 32341028 PMCID: PMC7197712 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Runx1 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in determining the proliferative and differential state of multiple cell types, during both development and adulthood. Here, we report how Runx1 is specifically upregulated at the injury site during zebrafish heart regeneration, and that absence of runx1 results in increased myocardial survival and proliferation, and overall heart regeneration, accompanied by decreased fibrosis. Using single cell sequencing, we found that the wild-type injury site consists of Runx1-positive endocardial cells and thrombocytes that induce expression of smooth muscle and collagen genes. Both these populations cannot be identified in runx1 mutant wounds that contain less collagen and fibrin. The reduction in fibrin in the mutant is further explained by reduced myofibroblast formation and upregulation of components of the fibrin degradation pathway, including plasminogen receptor annexin 2A as well as downregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor serpine1 in myocardium and endocardium, resulting in increased levels of plasminogen. Our findings suggest that Runx1 controls the regenerative response of multiple cardiac cell types and that targeting Runx1 is a novel therapeutic strategy for inducing endogenous heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Koth
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Abigail C Killen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - William T Stockdale
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Helen G Potts
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Andrew Jefferson
- Micron Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Department of Biochemistry, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Florian Bonkhofer
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Roger K Patient
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Mathilda T M Mommersteeg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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45
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Ushakov A, Ivanchenko V, Gagarina A. Regulation of Myocardial Extracellular Matrix Dynamic Changes in Myocardial Infarction and Postinfarct Remodeling. Curr Cardiol Rev 2020; 16:11-24. [PMID: 31072294 PMCID: PMC7393593 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666190509090832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The article represents literature review dedicated to molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying clinical manifestations and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction. Extracellular matrix adaptive changes are described in detail as one of the most important factors contributing to healing of damaged myocardium and post-infarction cardiac remodeling. Extracellular matrix is reviewed as dynamic constantly remodeling structure that plays a pivotal role in myocardial repair. The role of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in fragmentation and degradation of extracellular matrix as well as in myocardium healing is discussed. This review provides current information about fibroblasts activity, the role of growth factors, particularly transforming growth factor β and cardiotrophin-1, colony-stimulating factors, adipokines and gastrointestinal hormones, various matricellular proteins. In conclusion considering the fact that dynamic transformation of extracellular matrix after myocardial ischemic damage plays a pivotal role in myocardial infarction outcomes and prognosis, we suggest a high importance of further investigation of mechanisms underlying extracellular matrix remodeling and cell-matrix interactions in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ushakov
- Department of Internal Medicine #1 with Clinical Pharmacology Course, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Vera Ivanchenko
- Department of Internal Medicine #1 with Clinical Pharmacology Course, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Alina Gagarina
- Department of Internal Medicine #1 with Clinical Pharmacology Course, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
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46
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Sano T, Yasuno H, Watanabe T. Subendocardial nodular proliferation of myofibroblasts in a laboratory beagle. J Toxicol Pathol 2020; 33:25-28. [PMID: 32051662 PMCID: PMC7008209 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A smooth white focus was macroscopically observed in the right ventricular endocardium in a 15-month-old male beagle from a 4-week oral gavage toxicity study. This lesion likely arose from myofibroblasts and was diagnosed as subendocardial nodular proliferation of myofibroblasts. This lesion was observed only in one animal in a low dose group and was an incidental finding. Histopathologically, the well-demarcated nodule comprised abundant collagen containing spindle cells arranged in intermediate to long streams and formed broad interlacing fascicles. The spindle cells had an indistinct cell border with round to elongated hyperchromatic nuclei or nuclei with finely stippled chromatin and indistinct nucleoli. Furthermore, these cells were weakly positive for S100 and positive for α-smooth muscle actin, calponin, and vimentin. Based on the histological features, the proliferating spindle cells resembled phenotypes of smooth muscles or myofibroblasts. However, the proliferating cells lacked well-differentiated smooth muscle cells, cigar-shaped nuclei, and well-developed reticulin fibers outlining individual cells. This study describes the morphological characteristics of an endocardial proliferative lesion in the right ventricle of a beagle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Sano
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hironobu Yasuno
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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47
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The Role of Cyclic AMP Signaling in Cardiac Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010069. [PMID: 31888098 PMCID: PMC7016856 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial stress and injury invariably promote remodeling of the cardiac tissue, which is associated with cardiomyocyte death and development of fibrosis. The fibrotic process is initially triggered by the differentiation of resident cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. These activated fibroblasts display increased proliferative capacity and secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix. Uncontrolled myofibroblast activation can thus promote heart stiffness, cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, and progression to heart failure. Despite the well-established role of myofibroblasts in mediating cardiac disease, our current knowledge on how signaling pathways promoting fibrosis are regulated and coordinated in this cell type is largely incomplete. In this respect, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling acts as a major modulator of fibrotic responses activated in fibroblasts of injured or stressed hearts. In particular, accumulating evidence now suggests that upstream cAMP modulators including G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases (ACs), and phosphodiesterases (PDEs); downstream cAMP effectors such as protein kinase A (PKA) and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Epac; and cAMP signaling organizers such as A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) modulate a variety of fundamental cellular processes involved in myocardial fibrosis including myofibroblast differentiation, proliferation, collagen secretion, and invasiveness. The current review will discuss recent advances highlighting the role of cAMP and AKAP-mediated signaling in regulating pathophysiological responses controlling cardiac fibrosis.
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48
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Fraccarollo D, Thomas S, Scholz CJ, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Galuppo P, Bauersachs J. Macrophage Mineralocorticoid Receptor Is a Pleiotropic Modulator of Myocardial Infarct Healing. Hypertension 2019; 73:102-111. [PMID: 30543467 PMCID: PMC6291261 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death worldwide. Here, we identify the macrophage MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) as a crucial pathogenic player in cardiac wound repair after MI. Seven days after left coronary artery ligation, mice with myeloid cell-restricted MR deficiency compared with WT (wild type) controls displayed improved cardiac function and remodeling associated with enhanced infarct neovascularization and scar maturation. Gene expression profiling of heart-resident and infarct macrophages revealed that MR deletion drives macrophage differentiation in the ischemic microenvironment toward a phenotype outside the M1/M2 paradigm, with regulation of multiple interrelated factors controlling wound healing and tissue repair. Mechanistic and functional data suggest that inactivation of the macrophage MR promotes myocardial infarct healing through enhanced efferocytosis of neutrophils, the suppression of free radical formation, and the modulation of fibroblast activation state. Crucially, targeted delivery of MR antagonists to macrophages, with a single administration of RU28318 or eplerenone-containing liposomes at the onset of MI, improved the healing response and protected against cardiac remodeling and functional deterioration, offering an effective and unique therapeutic strategy for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fraccarollo
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.F., S.T., D.H.-K., P.G., J.B.)
| | - Svenja Thomas
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.F., S.T., D.H.-K., P.G., J.B.)
| | | | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.F., S.T., D.H.-K., P.G., J.B.)
| | - Paolo Galuppo
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.F., S.T., D.H.-K., P.G., J.B.)
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany (D.F., S.T., D.H.-K., P.G., J.B.)
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49
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Bae H, Kim T, Lim I. Effects of nitric oxide on apoptosis and voltage-gated calcium channels in human cardiac myofibroblasts. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:16-26. [PMID: 31519057 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We characterised the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) and myofibroblasts (HCMFs) and investigated the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on apoptosis and on these channels. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses show that α-smooth muscle actin (a myofibroblast marker) was markedly expressed in passage (P) 12-15 but not in P4 HCF cells, whereas calponin (a fibroblast marker) was expressed only in P4 cells. CaV 1.2 (L-type) and CaV 3.3 (T-type) of VGCCs were highly expressed in P12-15 cells, but only weak CaV 2.3 (R-type) expression was identified in P4 cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, an NO donor) decreased cell viability of HCMFs in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptotic changes, and nifedipine (an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker) prevented apoptosis as shown with immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Whole-cell mode patch-clamp recordings demonstrate the presence of L-type Ca2+ (IC a,L ) and T-type Ca2+ (IC a,T ) currents in HCMFs. SNAP inhibited IC a,L of HCMFs, but pre-treatment with ODQ (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor) or KT5823 (a PKG inhibitor) prevented it. Pre-treating cells with KT5720 (a PKA inhibitor) or SQ22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor) blocked SNAP-induced inhibition of IC a,L . 8-Bromo-cyclic GMP or 8-bromo-cyclic AMP also inhibited IC a,L . However, pre-treatment with N-ethylmaleimide (a thiol-alkylating reagent) did not block the SNAP effect, nor did DL-dithiothreitol (a reducing agent) reverse it. These data suggest that high concentrations of NO injure HCMFs and inhibit IC a,L through the PKG and PKA signalling pathways but not through the S-nitrosylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inja Lim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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50
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Blythe NM, Muraki K, Ludlow MJ, Stylianidis V, Gilbert HTJ, Evans EL, Cuthbertson K, Foster R, Swift J, Li J, Drinkhill MJ, van Nieuwenhoven FA, Porter KE, Beech DJ, Turner NA. Mechanically activated Piezo1 channels of cardiac fibroblasts stimulate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and interleukin-6 secretion. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17395-17408. [PMID: 31586031 PMCID: PMC6873183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive cation channel with widespread physiological importance; however, its role in the heart is poorly understood. Cardiac fibroblasts help preserve myocardial integrity and play a key role in regulating its repair and remodeling following stress or injury. Here we investigated Piezo1 expression and function in cultured human and mouse cardiac fibroblasts. RT-PCR experiments confirmed that Piezo1 mRNA in cardiac fibroblasts is expressed at levels similar to those in endothelial cells. The results of a Fura-2 intracellular Ca2+ assay validated Piezo1 as a functional ion channel that is activated by its agonist, Yoda1. Yoda1-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by Piezo1 blockers (gadolinium and ruthenium red) and was reduced proportionally by siRNA-mediated Piezo1 knockdown or in murine Piezo1+/− cells. Results from cell-attached patch clamp recordings on human cardiac fibroblasts established that they contain mechanically activated ion channels and that their pressure responses are reduced by Piezo1 knockdown. Investigation of Yoda1 effects on selected remodeling genes indicated that Piezo1 activation increases both mRNA levels and protein secretion of IL-6, a pro-hypertrophic and profibrotic cytokine, in a Piezo1-dependent manner. Moreover, Piezo1 knockdown reduced basal IL-6 expression from cells cultured on softer collagen-coated substrates. Multiplex kinase activity profiling combined with kinase inhibitor experiments and phosphospecific immunoblotting established that Piezo1 activation stimulates IL-6 secretion via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase downstream of Ca2+ entry. In summary, cardiac fibroblasts express mechanically activated Piezo1 channels coupled to secretion of the paracrine signaling molecule IL-6. Piezo1 may therefore be important in regulating cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Blythe
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Melanie J Ludlow
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Vasili Stylianidis
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Hamish T J Gilbert
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of[c27c]áBiological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester,[c27c]áM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth L Evans
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Cuthbertson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Swift
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of[c27c]áBiological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester,[c27c]áM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Li
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Drinkhill
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Frans A van Nieuwenhoven
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands
| | - Karen E Porter
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Turner
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom .,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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