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Owen GI, Cordova-Delgado M, Bustos BI, Cerpa LC, Gonzalez P, Morales-Pison S, Garcia-Bloj B, Garrido M, Miquel JF, Quiñones LA. Assessing the Occurrence and Influence of Cancer Chemotherapy-Related Pharmacogenetic Alleles in the Chilean Population. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:561. [PMID: 38675222 PMCID: PMC11054647 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacogenomic knowledge as a biomarker for cancer care has transformed clinical practice, however, as current guidelines are primarily derived from Eurocentric populations, this limits their application in Latin America, particularly among Hispanic or Latino groups. Despite advancements, systemic chemotherapy still poses challenges in drug toxicity and suboptimal response. This study explores pharmacogenetic markers related to anticancer drugs in a Chilean cohort, filling a gap in Latin American research. Notably, the influence of native South American Mapuche-Huilliche ancestry. METHODS To explore pharmacogenetic markers related to anticancer drugs, we utilized an ethnically Admixed Chilean genome-wide association studies (GWAS) dataset of 1095 unrelated individuals. Pharmacogenomic markers were selected from PharmGKB, totaling 36 level 1 and 2 evidence single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 571 level 3 SNPs. Comparative analyses involved assessing SNP frequencies across diverse populations from the 1000 Genomes Project. Haplotypes were estimated, and linkage disequilibrium was examined. Ancestry-based association analyses explored relationships between SNPs and Mapuche-Huilliche and European ancestries. Chi-square distribution with p ≤ 0.05 and Bonferroni's multiple adjustment tests determined statistical differences between allele frequencies. RESULTS Our study reveals significant disparities in SNP frequency within the Chilean population. Notably, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) variants (rs75017182 and rs67376798), linked to an increased risk of severe fluoropyrimidine toxicity, exhibit an exceptionally low frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 0.005). Nudix hydrolase 15 (NUDT15) rs116855232, associated with hematological mercaptopurine toxicity, is relatively common (MAF = 0.062), and is further linked to Mapuche-Huilliche ancestry. Thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme (TPMT), implicated in severe toxicity to mercaptopurines, SNPs rs1142345 and rs1800460 of TMPT gene demonstrate higher MAFs in Admixed Americans and the Chilean population (MAF range 0.031-0.057). Finally, the variant in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 gene (UGT1A1) rs4148323, correlated with irinotecan neutropenia, exhibits the highest MAF in East Asian (MAF = 0.136) and Chilean (MAF = 0.025) populations, distinguishing them from other investigated populations. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first comprehensive pharmacogenetic characterization of cancer therapy-related SNPs and highlights significant disparities in SNP frequencies within the Chilean population. Our findings underscore the necessity for inclusive research and personalized therapeutic strategies to ensure the equitable and effective application of precision medicine across diverse global communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth I. Owen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (M.C.-D.); (P.G.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8330034, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Centro de Prevención y Control de Cáncer (CECAN), Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Miguel Cordova-Delgado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (M.C.-D.); (P.G.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Bernabé I. Bustos
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Leslie C. Cerpa
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago 8350499, Chile
| | - Pamela Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (M.C.-D.); (P.G.)
| | - Sebastián Morales-Pison
- Centro de Oncología de Precisión (COP), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7560908, Chile; (S.M.-P.); (B.G.-B.); (M.G.)
| | - Benjamín Garcia-Bloj
- Centro de Oncología de Precisión (COP), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7560908, Chile; (S.M.-P.); (B.G.-B.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcelo Garrido
- Centro de Oncología de Precisión (COP), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7560908, Chile; (S.M.-P.); (B.G.-B.); (M.G.)
- SAGA, Centro de Estudios Clínicos, Santiago 7610315, Chile
- Department of Oncología, Clínica Indisa, Santiago 7520440, Chile
| | - Juan Francisco Miquel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330032, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile;
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago 8350499, Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
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Escalante PI, Quiñones LA, Contreras HR. Exploring the impact of MiR-92a-3p on FOLFOX chemoresistance biomarker genes in colon cancer cell lines. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1376638. [PMID: 38659583 PMCID: PMC11039864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1376638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: One of the primary obstacles faced by individuals with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is the potential development of acquired chemoresistance as the disease advances. Studies have indicated a direct association between elevated levels of miR-92a-3p and the progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance observed in CRC. We proposed that miR-92a-3p impairs FOLFOX (fluorouracil/oxaliplatin) chemotherapy response by upregulating the expression of chemoresistance biomarker genes through the activation of β-catenin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These FOLFOX biomarker genes include the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway genes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and the genes encoding the DNA repair complexes subunits ERCC1 and ERCC2, and XRCC1. Methods: To assess this, we transfected SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cell lines with miR-92a-3p mimics and then quantified the expression of DPYD, TYMS, MTHFR, ERCC1, ERCC2, and XRCC1, the expression of EMT markers and transcription factors, and activation of β-catenin. Results and discussion: Our results reveal that miR-92a-3p does not affect the expression of DPYD, TYMS, MTHFR, and ERCC1. Furthermore, even though miR-92a-3p affects ERCC2, XRCC1, E-cadherin, and β-catenin mRNA levels, it has no influence on their protein expression. Conclusion: We found that miR-92a-3p does not upregulate the expression of proteins of DNA-repair pathways and other genes involved in FOLFOX chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. Escalante
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology (LOCYM), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor R. Contreras
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology (LOCYM), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (CECAN), Santiago, Chile
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Sanhueza S, Vidal MA, Hernandez MA, Henriquez-Beltran ME, Cabrera C, Quiroga R, Antilef BE, Aguilar KP, Castillo DA, Llerena FJ, Fraga Figueroa M, Nazal M, Castro E, Lagos P, Moreno A, Lastra JJ, Gajardo J, Garcés P, Riffo B, Buchert J, Sanhueza R, Ormazába V, Saldivia P, Vargas C, Nourdin G, Koch E, Zuñiga FA, Lamperti L, Bustos P, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Tapia CA, Ferrada L, Cerda G, Woehlbier U, Riquelme E, Yuseff MI, Muñoz Ramirez BA, Lombardi G, De Gonzalo-Calvo D, Salomon C, Verdugo RA, Quiñones LA, Colombo A, Barría MI, Labarca G, Nova-Lamperti E. Clinical and pulmonary function analysis in long-COVID revealed that long-term pulmonary dysfunction is associated with vascular inflammation pathways and metabolic syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1271863. [PMID: 37869162 PMCID: PMC10590130 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1271863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long-term pulmonary dysfunction (L-TPD) is one of the most critical manifestations of long-COVID. This lung affection has been associated with disease severity during the acute phase and the presence of previous comorbidities, however, the clinical manifestations, the concomitant consequences and the molecular pathways supporting this clinical condition remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize L-TPD in patients with long-COVID and elucidate the main pathways and long-term consequences attributed to this condition by analyzing clinical parameters and functional tests supported by machine learning and serum proteome profiling. Methods Patients with L-TPD were classified according to the results of their computer-tomography (CT) scan and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin (DLCOc) tests at 4 and 12-months post-infection. Results Regarding the acute phase, our data showed that L-TPD was favored in elderly patients with hypertension or insulin resistance, supported by pathways associated with vascular inflammation and chemotaxis of phagocytes, according to computer proteomics. Then, at 4-months post-infection, clinical and functional tests revealed that L-TPD patients exhibited a restrictive lung condition, impaired aerobic capacity and reduced muscular strength. At this time point, high circulating levels of platelets and CXCL9, and an inhibited FCgamma-receptor-mediated-phagocytosis due to reduced FcγRIII (CD16) expression in CD14+ monocytes was observed in patients with L-TPD. Finally, 1-year post infection, patients with L-TPD worsened metabolic syndrome and augmented body mass index in comparison with other patient groups. Discussion Overall, our data demonstrated that CT scan and DLCOc identified patients with L-TPD after COVID-19. This condition was associated with vascular inflammation and impair phagocytosis of virus-antibody immune complexes by reduced FcγRIII expression. In addition, we conclude that COVID-19 survivors required a personalized follow-up and adequate intervention to reduce long-term sequelae and the appearance of further metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sanhueza
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mabel A. Vidal
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Diseño y Arquitectura, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Mario E. Henriquez-Beltran
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile
- Kinesiology School, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Camilo Cabrera
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Romina Quiroga
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bárbara E. Antilef
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kevin P. Aguilar
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela A. Castillo
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Faryd J. Llerena
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marco Fraga Figueroa
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mauricio Nazal
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eritson Castro
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paola Lagos
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexa Moreno
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime J. Lastra
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente and Medicine Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Gajardo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente and Medicine Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela Garcés
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente and Medicine Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Rocío Sanhueza
- Kinesiology School, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile
| | - Valeska Ormazába
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Saldivia
- Division of Biotechnology, MELISA Institute, San Pedro de la Paz, Chile
| | - Cristian Vargas
- Division of Biotechnology, MELISA Institute, San Pedro de la Paz, Chile
| | - Guillermo Nourdin
- Division of Biotechnology, MELISA Institute, San Pedro de la Paz, Chile
| | - Elard Koch
- Division of Biotechnology, MELISA Institute, San Pedro de la Paz, Chile
| | - Felipe A. Zuñiga
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Liliana Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Paula Bustos
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudio A. Tapia
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- CMA Bío-Bío - Advanced Microscopy Center, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gustavo Cerda
- CMA Bío-Bío - Advanced Microscopy Center, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ute Woehlbier
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erick Riquelme
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria-Isabel Yuseff
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Braulio A. Muñoz Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David De Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Medicine and Biomedical Science Faculty, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ricardo A. Verdugo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria y Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Colombo
- Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria I. Barría
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Labarca
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Internal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial Dr. Víctor Ríos Ruiz, Los Ángeles, Chile
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Estefania Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular and Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Agúndez JAG, Ayuso P, Quiñones LA, García-Martín E. Editorial: Editor's feature: negative findings in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1267344. [PMID: 37614312 PMCID: PMC10442934 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1267344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José A. G. Agúndez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro Ayuso
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomic Guidelines (RELIVAFCYTED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena García-Martín
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Salas-Hernández A, Galleguillos M, Carrasco M, López-Cortés A, Redal MA, Fonseca-Mendoza D, Esperón P, González-Martínez F, Lares-Asseff I, Lazarowski A, Loera-Castañeda V, Remírez D, Martínez MF, Vargas R, Rios-Santos F, Macho A, Cayún JP, Perez GR, Gutierrez C, Cerpa LC, Leiva T, Calfunao S, Xajil L, Sandoval C, Suárez M, Gonzalez A, Echeverría-Garcés G, Sullón-Dextre L, Cordero-García E, Morales AR, Avendaño A, Sánchez E, Bastone LC, Lara C, Zuluaga-Arias P, Soler AM, Da Luz J, Burgueño-Rodríguez G, Vital M, Reyes-Reyes E, Huaccha A, Ariza YV, Tzul N, Rendón AL, Serrano R, Acosta L, Motta-Pardo A, Beltrán-Angarita L, Brand E, Jiménez MA, Hidalgo-Lozada GM, Romero-Prado MMJ, Escobar-Castro K, Umaña-Rivas M, Vivas JD, Lagos P, Martínez YB, Quesada S, Calfio C, Arias ML, Lavanderos MA, Cáceres DD, Salazar-Granara A, Varela NM, Quiñones LA. An updated examination of the perception of barriers for pharmacogenomics implementation and the usefulness of drug/gene pairs in Latin America and the Caribbean. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1175737. [PMID: 37251329 PMCID: PMC10213898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1175737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determine an association between biomarkers and response to genomic medicine. This survey was compared to a previous survey performed in 2014 to assess progress in the region. The search results indicated that Latin American and Caribbean countries have contributed 3.44% of the total publications and 2.45% of the PGx-related clinical trials worldwide thus far. A total of 106 professionals from 17 countries answered the survey. Six major groups of barriers were identified. Despite the region's continuous efforts in the last decade, the primary barrier to PGx implementation in LAC remains the same, the "need for guidelines, processes, and protocols for the clinical application of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics". Cost-effectiveness issues are considered critical factors in the region. Items related to the reluctance of clinicians are currently less relevant. Based on the survey results, the highest ranked (96%-99%) gene/drug pairs perceived as important were CYP2D6/tamoxifen, CYP3A5/tacrolimus, CYP2D6/opioids, DPYD/fluoropyrimidines, TMPT/thiopurines, CYP2D6/tricyclic antidepressants, CYP2C19/tricyclic antidepressants, NUDT15/thiopurines, CYP2B6/efavirenz, and CYP2C19/clopidogrel. In conclusion, although the global contribution of LAC countries remains low in the PGx field, a relevant improvement has been observed in the region. The perception of the usefulness of PGx tests in biomedical community has drastically changed, raising awareness among physicians, which suggests a promising future in the clinical applications of PGx in LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimeé Salas-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaco-Dependence, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Macarena Galleguillos
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Carrasco
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Ana Redal
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Genetics Division, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dora Fonseca-Mendoza
- Universidad del Rosario, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics (CIGGUR), Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patricia Esperón
- Molecular Genetic Unit, School of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, General Flores, CP 1800 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Farith González-Martínez
- Toxicology and Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ismael Lares-Asseff
- Academy of Genomics and Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Unidad Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires- Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Loera-Castañeda
- Academy of Genomics and Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Unidad Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Matías F. Martínez
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Galileo University, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Fabricio Rios-Santos
- Department of Health. Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuibá, Brazil
| | - Antonio Macho
- Morphology and Applied Immunology Research Center (NuPMIA), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Juan P. Cayún
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán R. Perez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carolina Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslie C. Cerpa
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Leiva
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan Calfunao
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lesly Xajil
- Department of Research in Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Christopher Sandoval
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Clinical Laboratory Blood Biochemistry and Immunoassay Section, Hospital Clínico Félix Bulnes Cerda, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Suárez
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Pharmacy Service, Hospital UC-Christus, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Eugenia Cordero-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaco-Dependence, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Alexis R. Morales
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioanalisis, University of Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
| | - Andrea Avendaño
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics Unity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | | - Laura C. Bastone
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Gammalab, Grupo Gamma, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cesar Lara
- Betesda La Alternativa Natural, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Ana María Soler
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Julio Da Luz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Burgueño-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Vital
- Molecular Genetic Unit, School of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Elizabeth Reyes-Reyes
- Clinical Experimental Pharmacology Section, Teaching and Research Department, Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Yeimy V. Ariza
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Program, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Naomi Tzul
- Drug Inspectorate Unit, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Belmopan, Belize
| | - Ana L. Rendón
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | - Larissa Acosta
- Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Galileo University, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Angelo Motta-Pardo
- GENOBIDC, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), CIGBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de San Martin de Porres (USMP), Lima, Peru
| | - Leonardo Beltrán-Angarita
- Faculty of Heath Sciences, Central Unit of Valle del Cauca, Tuluá, Colombia
- Chemistry School, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Erika Brand
- Postgraduate Department, Master’s Degree in Immunology, Universidad Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | - Marina M. J. Romero-Prado
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karla Escobar-Castro
- Laboratory of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, Department of Nephrology and Transplant, Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Mariel Umaña-Rivas
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Juan D. Vivas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Paola Lagos
- Recombinant Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Yineth Ballén Martínez
- Medical Specialist in Epidemiology Clinical Pharmacology Teacher; Medical Scientific and Pharmacovigilance Advisor in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sharleth Quesada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Camila Calfio
- International Center for Biomedicine ICC, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria L. Arias
- Tropical Diseases Research Center and Microbiology Faculty, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - María A. Lavanderos
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dante D. Cáceres
- Environmental Health Programme, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto Salazar-Granara
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación de Medicina Tradicional y Farmacología, Lima, Perú
| | - Nelson M. Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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6
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López-Cortés A, Esperón P, Martínez MF, Redal MA, Lazarowski A, Varela NM, Lares-Asseff I, Quiñones LA. Editorial: Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in Latin America: ethnic variability, new insights in advances and perspectives: a RELIVAF-CYTED initiative, Volume II. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1211712. [PMID: 37205907 PMCID: PMC10189108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1211712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés López-Cortés
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Esperón
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías F. Martínez
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María A. Redal
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
- Genetic Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry (INFIBIOC), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry (INFIBIOC), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nelson M. Varela
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Lares-Asseff
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
- Academy of Genomics and Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Unidad Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Luis A. Quiñones,
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7
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Esperón P, Martínez MF, Redal MA, Lazarowski A, López-Cortés A, Varela NM, Quiñones LA. Editorial: Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics in Latin America: Ethnic Variability, New Insights in Advances and Perspectives: A RELIVAF-CYTED Initiative. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:833000. [PMID: 35087412 PMCID: PMC8786742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.833000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Esperón
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Biochemistry Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías F Martínez
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María A Redal
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.,Genetic Division, Department of Medicine, INFIBIOC, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry (INFIBIOC), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson M Varela
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Landeros N, Corvalan AH, Musleh M, Quiñones LA, Varela NM, Gonzalez-Hormazabal P. Novel Risk Associations between microRNA Polymorphisms and Gastric Cancer in a Chilean Population. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010467. [PMID: 35008894 PMCID: PMC8745138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in the world, with variations across geographical regions and ethnicities. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNA expression is dysregulated in GC and its polymorphisms may contribute to these variations, which has yet to be explored in Latin American populations. In a case-control study of 310 GC patients and 311 healthy donors from Chile, we assessed the association of 279 polymorphisms in 242 miRNA genes. Two novel polymorphisms were found to be associated with GC: rs4822739:C>G (miR-548j) and rs701213:T>C (miR-4427). Additionally, rs1553867776:T>TCCCCA (miR-4274) and rs12416605:C>T (miR-938) were associated with intestinal-type GC, and rs4822739:C>G (miR-548j) and rs1439619:T>G (miR-3175) with TNM I-II stage. The polymorphisms rs6149511:T> TGAAGGGCTCCA (miR-6891), rs404337:G>A (miR-8084), and rs1439619:T>G (miR-3175) were identified among H.pylori-infected GC patients and rs7500280:T>C (miR-4719) and rs1439619:T>G (miR-3175) were found among H. pylori cagPAI+ infected GC cases. Prediction analysis suggests that seven polymorphisms could alter the secondary structure of the miRNA, and the other one is located in the seed region of miR-938. Targets of miRNAs are enriched in GC pathways, suggesting a possible biological effect. In this study, we identified seven novel associations and replicated one previously described in Caucasian population. These findings contribute to the understanding of miRNA genetic polymorphisms in the GC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Landeros
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile; (N.L.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile
| | - Alejandro H. Corvalan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile; (N.L.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile
| | - Maher Musleh
- Department of Surgery, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago 8380456, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (L.A.Q.); (N.M.V.)
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson M. Varela
- Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (L.A.Q.); (N.M.V.)
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricio Gonzalez-Hormazabal
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence:
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9
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Contreras-Castillo S, Plaza A, Stojanova J, Navarro G, Carmona R, Corvalán F, Cerpa L, Sandoval C, Muñoz D, Leiva M, Castañeda LE, Farias N, Alvarez C, Llull G, Mezzano S, Ardiles L, Varela N, Rodríguez MS, Flores C, Cayún JP, Krall P, Quiñones LA. Effect of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, MDR1 and POR Genetic Polymorphisms in Immunosuppressive Treatment in Chilean Kidney Transplanted Patients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:674117. [PMID: 34938174 PMCID: PMC8685429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.674117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (TAC) are immunosuppressant drugs characterized by a narrow therapeutic range and high pharmacokinetic variability. The effect of polymorphisms in genes related to the metabolism and transport of these drugs, namely CYP3A4, CYP3A5, MDR1 and POR genes, has been evaluated in diverse populations. However, the impact of these polymorphisms on drug disposition is not well established in Latin American populations. Using TaqMan® probes, we determined the allelic frequency of seven variants in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, MDR1 and POR in 139 Chilean renal transplant recipients, of which 89 were treated with CsA and 50 with TAC. We tested associations between variants and trough and/or 2-hour concentrations, normalized by dose (C0/D and C2/D) at specific time points post-transplant. We found that CYP3A5*3/*3 carriers required lower doses of TAC. In TAC treated patients, most CYP3A5*3/*3 carriers presented higher C0/D and a high proportion of patients with C0 levels outside the therapeutic range relative to other genotypes. These results reinforce the value of considering CYP3A5 genotypes alongside therapeutic drug monitoring for TAC treated Chilean kidney recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania Contreras-Castillo
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anita Plaza
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jana Stojanova
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gustavo Navarro
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Carmona
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Corvalán
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslie Cerpa
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Sandoval
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Muñoz
- Pharmacy Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marina Leiva
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis E Castañeda
- Program of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nayaret Farias
- Transplantation Unit, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Alvarez
- Transplantation Unit, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Llull
- Transplantation Unit, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Leopoldo Ardiles
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nelson Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Claudio Flores
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Cayún
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Krall
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Departament of Pediatrics and Child Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Miranda C, Galleguillos M, Torres R, Tardón K, Cáceres DD, Lee K, Redal MA, Varela NM, Quiñones LA. Preliminary Pharmacogenomic-Based Predictive Models of Tamoxifen Response in Hormone-dependent Chilean Breast Cancer Patients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:661443. [PMID: 34899282 PMCID: PMC8656167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.661443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM), a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, is one of the most used treatments in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) early and metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients. The response to TAM has a high degree of inter-individual variability. This is mainly due to genetic variants in CYP2D6 gene, as well as other genes encoding proteins involved in the TAM pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic. Therefore, prediction of the TAM response using these genetic factors together with other non-genetic variables may be relevant to improve breast cancer treatment. Thus, in this work, we used genetic polymorphisms and clinical variables for TAM response modelling. One hundred sixty-two ER + BC patients with 2 years of TAM treatment were retrospectively recruited, and the genetic polymorphisms CYP2D6*4, CYP3A4*1B (CYP3A4*1.001), CYP3A5*3, UGT2B7*2, UGT2B15*2, SULT1A1*2, and ESRA V364E were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Concomitantly, the therapeutic response was obtained from clinical records for association with genotypes using univariate and multivariate biostatistical models. Our results show that UGT2B15*1/*2 genotype protects against relapse (OR = 0.09; p = 0.02), CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype avoids endometrial hyperplasia (OR = 0.07; p = 0.01), SULT1A1*1/*2 genotype avoids vaginal bleeding (OR = 0.09; p = 0.03) and ESRA 364E/364E genotype increases the probability of vaginal bleeding (OR = 5.68; p = 0.02). Logistic regression models, including genomic and non-genomic variables, allowed us to obtain preliminary predictive models to explain relapse (p = 0.010), endometrial hyperplasia (p = 0.002) and vaginal bleeding (p = 0.014). Our results suggest that the response to TAM treatment in ER + BC patients might be associated with the presence of the studied genetic variants in UGT2B15, CYP3A5, SULT1A1 and ESRA genes. After clinical validation protocols, these models might be used to help to predict a percentage of BC relapse and adverse reactions, improving the individual response to TAM-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Miranda
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Galleguillos
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Dante D Cáceres
- Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kuen Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María A Redal
- Genetic Division, Department of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson M Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Cordova-Delgado M, Bravo ML, Cumsille E, Hill CN, Muñoz-Medel M, Pinto MP, Retamal IN, Lavanderos MA, Miquel JF, Rodriguez-Fernandez M, Liao Y, Li Z, Corvalán AH, Armisén R, Garrido M, Quiñones LA, Owen GI. A case-control study of a combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms and clinical parameters to predict clinically relevant toxicity associated with fluoropyrimidine and platinum-based chemotherapy in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1030. [PMID: 34525956 PMCID: PMC8444616 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluoropyrimidine plus platinum chemotherapy remains the standard first line treatment for gastric cancer (GC). Guidelines exist for the clinical interpretation of four DPYD genotypes related to severe fluoropyrimidine toxicity within European populations. However, the frequency of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Latin American population is low (< 0.7%). No guidelines have been development for platinum. Herein, we present association between clinical factors and common SNPs in the development of grade 3–4 toxicity. Methods Retrospectively, 224 clinical records of GC patient were screened, of which 93 patients were incorporated into the study. Eleven SNPs with minor allelic frequency above 5% in GSTP1, ERCC2, ERCC1, TP53, UMPS, SHMT1, MTHFR, ABCC2 and DPYD were assessed. Association between patient clinical characteristics and toxicity was estimated using logistic regression models and classification algorithms. Results Reported grade ≤ 2 and 3–4 toxicities were 64.6% (61/93) and 34.4% (32/93) respectively. Selected DPYD SNPs were associated with higher toxicity (rs1801265; OR = 4.20; 95% CI = 1.70–10.95, p = 0.002), while others displayed a trend towards lower toxicity (rs1801159; OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.19–1.08; p = 0.071). Combination of paired SNPs demonstrated significant associations in DPYD (rs1801265), UMPS (rs1801019), ABCC2 (rs717620) and SHMT1 (rs1979277). Using multivariate logistic regression that combined age, sex, peri-operative chemotherapy, 5-FU regimen, the binary combination of the SNPs DPYD (rs1801265) + ABCC2 (rs717620), and DPYD (rs1801159) displayed the best predictive performance. A nomogram was constructed to assess the risk of developing overall toxicity. Conclusion Pending further validation, this model could predict chemotherapy associated toxicity and improve GC patient quality of life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08745-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cordova-Delgado
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330032, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Loreto Bravo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330032, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elisa Cumsille
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Charlotte N Hill
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Muñoz-Medel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330032, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio P Pinto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330032, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio N Retamal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Los Andes, 7620001, Santiago, Chile
| | - María A Lavanderos
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.,Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Francisco Miquel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330032, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yuwei Liao
- Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, GuangDong Province, Yangjiang, China.,Center of Genome and Personalized Medicine, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiguang Li
- Center of Genome and Personalized Medicine, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330032, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), 8330034, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Armisén
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, 7590943, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Garrido
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330032, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile. .,Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330032, Santiago, Chile. .,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, 8331150, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), 8330034, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Salas-Hernández A, Ruz-Cortés F, Bruggendieck F, Espinoza-Perez C, Espitia-Corredor J, Varela NM, Quiñones LA, Sánchez-Ferrer C, Peiró C, Díaz-Araya G. Resolvin D1 reduces expression and secretion of cytokines and monocyte adhesion triggered by Angiotensin II, in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111947. [PMID: 34328122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) play an important role in the healing process and in pathological remodeling of cardiac tissue. As sentinel cells in the heart, they respond to inflammatory stimuli, expressing cytokines and cell adhesion proteins, which ultimately lead to increased recruitment of monocytes and enhancement of the inflammatory response. Angiotensin II (Ang II) triggers an inflammatory response, leading to cardiac tissue remodeling. On the other hand, RvD1 has been shown to contribute to the resolution of inflammation; however, its role in Ang II-treated CF has not been addressed until now. The present research aimed to study the effect of RvD1 on cytokine levels, cell adhesion proteins expression in a model of Ang II-triggered inflammatory response. CF from adult Sprague Dawley rats were used to study mRNA and protein levels of MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-a, IL-10, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1; and adhesion of spleen mononuclear cells to CF after Ang II stimulation. Our results show that Ang II increased IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-a mRNA levels, but only increased IL-6 and MCP-1 protein levels. These effects were blocked by Losartan, but not by PD123369. Moreover, RvD1 was able to prevent all Ang II effects in CF. Additionally, RvD1 reduced the intracellular Ca2+ increase triggered by Ang II, indicating that RvD1 acts in an early manner to block Ang II signaling. Conclusion: our findings confirm the pro-resolutive effects of inflammation by RvD1, which at the cardiovascular level, could contribute to repair damaged cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimeé Salas-Hernández
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Drug Dependence, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - Felipe Ruz-Cortés
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Bruggendieck
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Espinoza-Perez
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenaro Espitia-Corredor
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson M Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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13
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Quiñones LA, Salas-Hernández AV. Análisis y consideraciones técnicas acerca de dispositivos intrauterinos de levonorgestrel para la evaluación de productos similares y genéricos. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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14
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Young RM, Solis CJ, Barriga-Fehrman A, Abogabir C, Thadani AR, Labarca M, Bustamante E, Tapia CV, Sarda AG, Sepulveda F, Pozas N, Cerpa LC, Lavanderos MA, Varela NM, Santibañez A, Sandino AM, Reyes-Lopez F, Dixon G, Quiñones LA. Smartphone screen testing, a novel pre-diagnostic method to identify SARS-CoV-2 infectious individuals. eLife 2021; 10:e70333. [PMID: 34155970 PMCID: PMC8275127 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic will likely take years to control globally, and constant epidemic surveillance will be required to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, especially considering the emergence of new variants that could hamper the effect of vaccination efforts. We developed a simple and robust - Phone Screen Testing (PoST) - method to detect SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals by RT-PCR testing of smartphone screen swab samples. We show that 81.3-100% of individuals with high-viral-load SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal-positive samples also test positive for PoST, suggesting this method is effective in identifying COVID-19 contagious individuals. Furthermore, we successfully identified polymorphisms associated with SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants, in SARS-CoV-2-positive PoST samples. Overall, we report that PoST is a new non-invasive, cost-effective, and easy-to-implement smartphone-based smart alternative for SARS-CoV-2 testing, which could help to contain COVID-19 outbreaks and identification of variants of concern in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Young
- Diagnosis BiotechSantiagoChile
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva Bustamante
- Grupo Oncológico Cooperativo Chileno de InvestigaciónSantiagoChile
| | | | | | | | - Nadia Pozas
- Laboratorio de Especialidad, Clínica DávilaSantiagoChile
| | - Leslie C Cerpa
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (Chilean Health Council Diagnostic Covid19 Laboratory), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - María A Lavanderos
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (Chilean Health Council Diagnostic Covid19 Laboratory), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Nelson M Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (Chilean Health Council Diagnostic Covid19 Laboratory), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Alvaro Santibañez
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y BiologíaSantiagoChile
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Ana M Sandino
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y BiologíaSantiagoChile
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Felipe Reyes-Lopez
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y BiologíaSantiagoChile
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiagoChile
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las AméricasProvidenciaChile
| | - Garth Dixon
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Hospital National Health Service Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust and University CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (Chilean Health Council Diagnostic Covid19 Laboratory), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of ChileSantiagoChile
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15
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Poblete D, Bernal F, Llull G, Archiles S, Vasquez P, Chanqueo L, Soto N, Lavanderos MA, Quiñones LA, Varela NM. Pharmacogenetic Associations Between Atazanavir/ UGT1A1*28 and Efavirenz/rs3745274 ( CYP2B6) Account for Specific Adverse Reactions in Chilean Patients Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:660965. [PMID: 34093191 PMCID: PMC8170096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.660965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Efavirenz (EFV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and atazanavir (ATV), a protease inhibitor, are drugs widely used in antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV. These drugs have shown high interindividual variability in adverse drug reactions (ADRs). UGT1A1*28 and CYP2B6 c.516G>T have been proposed to be related with higher toxicity by ATV and EFV, respectively. Objective: To study the association between genetic polymorphisms and ADRs related to EFV or ATV in patients living with HIV treated at a public hospital in Chile. Methods: Epidemiologic, case–control, retrospective, observational study in 67 adult patients under EFV or ATV treatment was conducted, in the San Juan de Dios Hospital. Data were obtained from patients’ medical records. Genotype analyses were performed using rtPCR for rs887829 (indirect identification of UGT1A1*28 allele) and rs3745274 (CYP2B6 c.516G>T), with TaqMan® probes. The association analyses were performed with univariate logistic regression between genetic variants using three inheritance models (codominant, recessive, and dominant). Results: In ATV-treated patients, hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin >1.2 mg/dl) had the main incidence (61.11%), and moderate and severe hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin >1.9 mg/dl) were statistically associated with UGT1A1*28 in recessive and codominant inheritance models (OR = 16.33, p = 0.028 and OR = 10.82, p = 0.036, respectively). On the other hand, in EFV-treated patients adverse reactions associated with CNS toxicity reached 34.21%. In this respect, nightmares showed significant association with CYP2B6 c.516G>T, in codominant and recessive inheritance models (OR = 12.00, p = 0.031 and OR = 7.14, p = 0.042, respectively). Grouped CNS ADRs (nightmares, insomnia, anxiety, and suicide attempt) also showed a statistically significant association with CYP2B6 c.516G > T in the codominant and recessive models (OR = 30.00, p = 0.011 and OR = 14.99, p = 0.021, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that after treatment with ATV or EFV, UGT1A1*28 and CYP2B6 c.516G>T influence the appearance of moderate-to-severe hyperbilirubinemia and CNS toxicity, respectively. However, larger prospective studies will be necessary to validate these associations in our population. Without a doubt, improving adherence in patients living with HIV is a critical issue to the success of therapy. Hence, validating and applying international pharmacogenetic recommendations in Latin American countries would improve the precision of ART: a fundamental aspect to achieve the 95–95–95 treatment target proposed by UNAIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Poblete
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Bernal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Llull
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Patricia Vasquez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Chanqueo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Soto
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María A Lavanderos
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson M Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Gonzalez-Hormazabal P, Pelaez D, Musleh M, Bustamante M, Stambuk J, Pisano R, Valladares H, Lanzarini E, Chiong H, Suazo J, Quiñones LA, Varela NM, Castro VG, Jara L, Berger Z. NOD1 rs2075820 (p.E266K) polymorphism is associated with gastric cancer among individuals infected with cagPAI-positive H. pylori. Biol Res 2021; 54:13. [PMID: 33879265 PMCID: PMC8056668 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori is detected by pathogen recognition receptors including toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, eliciting an innate immune response against this bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess if polymorphisms of TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, NOD1 and NOD2 genes are associated with gastric cancer, in particular in individuals infected with H. pylori. Results A case-control study of 297 gastric cancer patients and 300 controls was performed to assess the association of 17 polymorphisms. Analyses performed under the allele model did not find association with gastric cancer. However, NOD1 rs2075820 (p.E266K) showed association with intestinal-type gastric cancer among H. pylori infected subjects (OR = 2.69, 95% CI 1.41–5.13, p = 0.0026). The association was not statistically significant in diffuse-type gastric cancer cases (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 0.63–2.52, p = 0.51). When the analyses were performed in patients carrying H. pylori strains harboring the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), we noticed significant association with NOD1 rs2075820 (OR = 4.90, 95% CI 1.80–3.36, p = 0.0019), in particular for intestinal-type gastric cancer cases (OR = 7.16, 95% CI 2.40–21.33, p = 4.1 × 10− 4) but not among diffuse-type gastric cancer cases (OR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.13–0.10, p = 0.03). Conclusions NOD1 rs2075820 increases the risk of intestinal-type gastric cancer among individuals infected with H. pylori, particularly in those harboring the cagPAI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40659-021-00336-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Gonzalez-Hormazabal
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), School of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Diana Pelaez
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), School of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maher Musleh
- Department of Surgery, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Bustamante
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine at Eastern Campus, University of Chile, 7500922, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Stambuk
- Department of Surgery, San Juan de Dios Hospital, 8350488, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raul Pisano
- Department of Surgery, San Juan de Dios Hospital, 8350488, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hector Valladares
- Department of Surgery, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Lanzarini
- Department of Surgery, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hector Chiong
- Department of Surgery, Barros Luco Hospital, 8900085, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose Suazo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, 8380492, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson M Varela
- Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - V Gonzalo Castro
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), School of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Jara
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), School of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zoltan Berger
- Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, 8380456, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Varela NM, Guevara-Ramírez P, Acevedo C, Zambrano T, Armendáriz-Castillo I, Guerrero S, Quiñones LA, López-Cortés A. A New Insight for the Identification of Oncogenic Variants in Breast and Prostate Cancers in Diverse Human Populations, With a Focus on Latinos. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630658. [PMID: 33912047 PMCID: PMC8072346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BRCA) and prostate cancer (PRCA) are the most commonly diagnosed cancer types in Latin American women and men, respectively. Although in recent years large-scale efforts from international consortia have focused on improving precision oncology, a better understanding of genomic features of BRCA and PRCA in developing regions and racial/ethnic minority populations is still required. Methods: To fill in this gap, we performed integrated in silico analyses to elucidate oncogenic variants from BRCA and PRCA driver genes; to calculate their deleteriousness scores and allele frequencies from seven human populations worldwide, including Latinos; and to propose the most effective therapeutic strategies based on precision oncology. Results: We analyzed 339,100 variants belonging to 99 BRCA and 82 PRCA driver genes and identified 18,512 and 15,648 known/predicted oncogenic variants, respectively. Regarding known oncogenic variants, we prioritized the most frequent and deleterious variants of BRCA (n = 230) and PRCA (n = 167) from Latino, African, Ashkenazi Jewish, East Asian, South Asian, European Finnish, and European non-Finnish populations, to incorporate them into pharmacogenomics testing. Lastly, we identified which oncogenic variants may shape the response to anti-cancer therapies, detailing the current status of pharmacogenomics guidelines and clinical trials involved in BRCA and PRCA cancer driver proteins. Conclusion: It is imperative to unify efforts where developing countries might invest in obtaining databases of genomic profiles of their populations, and developed countries might incorporate racial/ethnic minority populations in future clinical trials and cancer researches with the overall objective of fomenting pharmacogenomics in clinical practice and public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson M Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Acevedo
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Zambrano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isaac Armendáriz-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador.,Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Faculty of Computer Science, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain
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18
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Martinez MF, Alveal E, Soto TG, Bustamante EI, Ávila F, Bangdiwala SI, Flores I, Monterrosa C, Morales R, Varela NM, Fohner AE, Quiñones LA. Pharmacogenetics-Based Preliminary Algorithm to Predict the Incidence of Infection in Patients Receiving Cytotoxic Chemotherapy for Hematological Malignancies: A Discovery Cohort. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:602676. [PMID: 33776761 PMCID: PMC7988592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.602676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Infections in hematological cancer patients are common and usually life-threatening; avoiding them could decrease morbidity, mortality, and cost. Genes associated with antineoplastics’ pharmacokinetics or with the immune/inflammatory response could explain variability in infection occurrence. Objective: To build a pharmacogenetic-based algorithm to predict the incidence of infections in patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Methods: Prospective cohort study in adult patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy to treat leukemia, lymphoma, or myeloma in two hospitals in Santiago, Chile. We constructed the predictive model using logistic regression. We assessed thirteen genetic polymorphisms (including nine pharmacokinetic—related genes and four inflammatory response-related genes) and sociodemographic/clinical variables to be incorporated into the model. The model’s calibration and discrimination were used to compare models; they were assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and area under the ROC curve, respectively, in association with Pseudo-R2. Results: We analyzed 203 chemotherapy cycles in 50 patients (47.8 ± 16.1 years; 56% women), including 13 (26%) with acute lymphoblastic and 12 (24%) with myeloblastic leukemia. Pharmacokinetics-related polymorphisms incorporated into the model were CYP3A4 rs2242480C>T and OAT4 rs11231809T>A. Immune/inflammatory response-related polymorphisms were TLR2 rs4696480T>A and IL-6 rs1800796C>G. Clinical/demographic variables incorporated into the model were chemotherapy type and cycle, diagnosis, days in neutropenia, age, and sex. The Pseudo-R2 was 0.56, the p-value of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was 0.98, showing good goodness-of-fit, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.93, showing good diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: Genetics can help to predict infections in patients undergoing chemotherapy. This algorithm should be validated and could be used to save lives, decrease economic costs, and optimize limited health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias F Martinez
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enzo Alveal
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomas G Soto
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento De Ciencias Básicas Santiago, Facultad De Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Fernanda Ávila
- Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ivonne Flores
- Cancer Institute Arturo López Pérez Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ricardo Morales
- Cancer Institute Arturo López Pérez Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson M Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alison E Fohner
- Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Escalante PI, Quiñones LA, Contreras HR. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and MicroRNAs in Colorectal Cancer Chemoresistance to FOLFOX. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010075. [PMID: 33429840 PMCID: PMC7827270 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The FOLFOX scheme, based on the association of 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin, is the most frequently indicated chemotherapy scheme for patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, development of chemoresistance is one of the major challenges associated with this disease. It has been reported that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in microRNA-driven modulation of tumor cells response to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. Moreover, from pharmacogenomic research, it is known that overexpression of genes encoding dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), the DNA repair enzymes ERCC1, ERCC2, and XRCC1, and the phase 2 enzyme GSTP1 impair the response to FOLFOX. It has been observed that EMT is associated with overexpression of DPYD, TYMS, ERCC1, and GSTP1. In this review, we investigated the role of miRNAs as EMT promotors in tumor cells, and its potential effect on the upregulation of DPYD, TYMS, MTHFR, ERCC1, ERCC2, XRCC1, and GSTP1 expression, which would lead to resistance of CRC tumor cells to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. This constitutes a potential mechanism of epigenetic regulation involved in late-onset of acquired resistance in mCRC patients under FOLFOX chemotherapy. Expression of these biomarker microRNAs could serve as tools for personalized medicine, and as potential therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. Escalante
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8500000 Santiago, Chile;
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology (LOCYM), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8500000 Santiago, Chile;
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.A.Q.); (H.R.C.); Tel.: +56-2-29770741 or +56-2-29770743 (L.A.Q.); +56-2-29786862 or +56-2-29786861 (H.R.C.)
| | - Héctor R. Contreras
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology (LOCYM), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.A.Q.); (H.R.C.); Tel.: +56-2-29770741 or +56-2-29770743 (L.A.Q.); +56-2-29786862 or +56-2-29786861 (H.R.C.)
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20
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Castro-Santos P, Olloquequi J, Verdugo RA, Gutiérrez MA, Pinochet C, Quiñones LA, Díaz-Peña R. HLA-DRB1*07:01 and * 08:02 Alleles Confer a Protective Effect Against ACPA-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Latin American Admixed Population. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:biology9120467. [PMID: 33327594 PMCID: PMC7765073 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles are important genetic contributors for the risk of developing anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly in Caucasians. We aimed to analyze the contribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region to the susceptibility to develop ACPA-positive RA in a Latin American (LA) population with admixed ancestry. A total of 289 ACPA-positive RA patients and 510 controls were enrolled in this study. The presence of HLA-DRB1*04:01, *09:01 and *10:01 was increased in ACPA-positive RA patients compared with healthy controls (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), whereas DRB1*07:01 and *08:02 was associated with a decreased risk of ACPA-positive RA (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). These results showed a strong correlation with estimates from studies in Asians but not in Caucasian populations. The present study describes the protective effects of the HLA-DRB1*07:01 and *08:02 alleles in ACPA-positive RA patients in a LA population for the first time. Identifying relationships between HLA-DRB1 alleles and RA is important for identifying disease associations in different ethnic groups in order to reach a better understanding of RA worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castro-Santos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile; (P.C.-S.); (J.O.)
- Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile; (P.C.-S.); (J.O.)
| | - Ricardo A. Verdugo
- Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile;
- Departamento de Oncología Básico-Clínico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Miguel A. Gutiérrez
- Rheumatology, Almirante Nef Naval Hospital, Viña del Mar, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
- School of Medicine, Valparaíso University, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | | | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Díaz-Peña
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile; (P.C.-S.); (J.O.)
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21
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Martinez MF, Alveal E, Soto TG, Bustamante EI, Ávila F, Bangdiwala SI, Flores I, Benavides C, Morales R, Varela NM, Quiñones LA. IL-6 -572C>G and CARD8 304T>A Genetic Polymorphisms are Associated with the Absolute Neutrophil Count in Patients with Hematological Malignancies Under Chemotherapy: An Application of Multilevel Models to a Preliminary Pharmacogenetic Study. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:337-343. [PMID: 32922063 PMCID: PMC7450656 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s261208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Neutropenia is a common event in patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy for the treatment of a hematological malignancy. Some polymorphisms, as IL-6 -572C>G (rs1800796), IL-1β -31 G>A (rs1143627), and CARD8 304T>A (rs2043211), in genes related to the inflammatory process, could affect the level of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) after chemotherapy. Since an efficient inflammatory process enhances neutrophil survival, we hypothesize that these polymorphisms are associated with ANC. Patients and Methods We carried out a prospective cohort study in two hospitals in Santiago, Chile. The patients included were adults diagnosed with acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. We use a multilevel linear regression model to test our hypothesis. The best model was selected using the Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Results We analyzed 1726 hemograms and ANCs from 172 hospitalizations from 32 patients. The results show that CC and CG genotypes of IL-6 -572 C>G polymorphism are associated with higher ANCs compared with the GG genotype (Ln (ANC) ~ 0.81 IC95% 0.02-1.55). Similarly, TT and AT genotypes of CARD8 304T>A polymorphism were related to higher ANCs compared with AA (Ln (ANC) ~ 0.95 IC95% 0.02-1.82). IL-1β genetic polymorphism had no statistically significant association with ANC. Conclusion IL-6 rs1800796 -572C>G and CARD8 rs2043211 304T>A polymorphisms are associated with the absolute neutrophil count in patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy for treatment of hematological malignancies. Our findings might be useful to improve the safety of chemotherapy through predictive ANC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias F Martinez
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enzo Alveal
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomas G Soto
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento De Ciencias Básicas Santiago, Facultad De Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Fernanda Ávila
- Infectology Section, Medicine Department, Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ivonne Flores
- Cancer Institute Arturo López Pérez Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ricardo Morales
- Cancer Institute Arturo López Pérez Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson M Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
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22
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González-Martínez F, Sánchez-Rodas D, Varela NM, Sandoval CA, Quiñones LA, Johnson-Restrepo B. As3MT and GST Polymorphisms Influencing Arsenic Metabolism in Human Exposure to Drinking Groundwater. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144832. [PMID: 32650499 PMCID: PMC7402318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The urinary arsenic metabolites may vary among individuals and the genetic factors have been reported to explain part of the variation. We assessed the influence of polymorphic variants of Arsenic-3-methyl-transferase and Glutathione-S-transferase on urinary arsenic metabolites. Twenty-two groundwater wells for human consumption from municipalities of Colombia were analyzed for assessed the exposure by lifetime average daily dose (LADD) (µg/kg bw/day). Surveys on 151 participants aged between 18 and 81 years old were applied to collect demographic information and other factors. In addition, genetic polymorphisms (GSTO2-rs156697, GSTP1-rs1695, As3MT-rs3740400, GSTT1 and GSTM1) were evaluated by real time and/or conventional PCR. Arsenic metabolites: AsIII, AsV, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were measured using HPLC-HG-AFS. The influence of polymorphic variants, LADD and other factors were tested using multivariate analyses. The median of total arsenic concentration in groundwater was of 33.3 μg/L and the median of LADD for the high exposure dose was 0.33 µg/kg bw/day. Univariate analyses among arsenic metabolites and genetic polymorphisms showed MMA concentrations higher in heterozygous and/or homozygous genotypes of As3MT compared to the wild-type genotype. Besides, DMA concentrations were lower in heterozygous and/or homozygous genotypes of GSTP1 compared to the wild-type genotype. Both DMA and MMA concentrations were higher in GSTM1-null genotypes compared to the active genotype. Multivariate analyses showed statistically significant association among interactions gene-gene and gene-covariates to modify the MMA and DMA excretion. Interactions between polymorphic variants As3MT*GSTM1 and GSTO2*GSTP1 could be potential modifiers of urinary excretion of arsenic and covariates as age, LADD, and alcohol consumption contribute to largely vary the arsenic individual metabolic capacity in exposed people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farith González-Martínez
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group and Public Health Research Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia;
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28015 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Rodas
- Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, CIQSO, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Nelson M. Varela
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28015 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Christopher A. Sandoval
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28015 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- Correspondence: (L.A.Q.); (B.J.-R.); Tel.: +56-2-297-707-4144 (L.A.Q.); +57-301-363-5979 (B.J.-R.)
| | - Boris Johnson-Restrepo
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group and Public Health Research Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia;
- Correspondence: (L.A.Q.); (B.J.-R.); Tel.: +56-2-297-707-4144 (L.A.Q.); +57-301-363-5979 (B.J.-R.)
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23
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D'Afonseca V, Arencibia AD, Echeverría-Vega A, Cerpa L, Cayún JP, Varela NM, Salazar M, Quiñones LA. Identification of Altered Genes in Gallbladder Cancer as Potential Driver Mutations for Diagnostic and Prognostic Purposes: A Computational Approach. Cancer Inform 2020; 19:1176935120922154. [PMID: 32546937 PMCID: PMC7249562 DOI: 10.1177/1176935120922154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostic markers for cancer can assist in the evaluation of survival probability of patients and help clinicians to assess the available treatment modalities. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare tumor that causes 165 087 deaths in the world annually. It is the most common cancer of the biliary tract and has a particularly high incidence in Chile, Japan, and northern India. Currently, there is no accurate diagnosis test or effective molecular markers for GBC identification. Several studies have focused on the discovery of genetic alterations in important genes associated with GBC to propose novel diagnosis pathways and to create prognostic profiles. To achieve this, we performed data-mining of GBC in public repositories, harboring 133 samples of GBC, allowing us to describe relevant somatic mutations in important genes and to propose a genetic alteration atlas for GBC. In our results, we reported the 14 most altered genes in GBC: arid1a, arid2, atm, ctnnb1, erbb2, erbb3, kmt2c, kmt2d, kras, pik3ca, smad4, tert, tp53, and znf521 in samples from Japan, the United States, Chile, and China. Missense mutations are common among these genes. The annotations of many mutations revealed their importance in cancer development. The observed annotations mentioned that several mutations found in this repository are probably oncogenic, with a putative loss-of-function. In addition, they are hotspot mutations and are probably linked to poor prognosis in other cancers. We identified another 11 genes, which presented a copy number alteration in gallbladder database samples, which are ccnd1, ccnd3, ccne1, cdk12, cdkn2a, cdkn2b, erbb2, erbb3, kras, mdm2, and myc. The findings reported here can help to detect GBC cancer through the development of systems based on genetic alterations, for example, the development of a mutation panel specifically for GBC diagnosis, as well as the creation of prognostic profiles to accomplish the development of GBC and its prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vívian D'Afonseca
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ariel D Arencibia
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CenBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Alex Echeverría-Vega
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Leslie Cerpa
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DBOC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin-American network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan P Cayún
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DBOC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin-American network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson M Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DBOC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin-American network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Salazar
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DBOC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin-American network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
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24
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Castro-Santos P, Verdugo RA, Alonso-Arias R, Gutiérrez MA, Suazo J, Aguillón JC, Olloquequi J, Pinochet C, Lucia A, Quiñones LA, Díaz-Peña R. Association analysis in a Latin American population revealed ethnic differences in rheumatoid arthritis-associated SNPs in Caucasian and Asian populations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7879. [PMID: 32398702 PMCID: PMC7217883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have increased our knowledge of the genetic risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, little is known about genetic susceptibility in populations with a large admixture of Amerindian ancestry. The aim of the present study was to test the generalizability of previously reported RA loci in a Latin American (LA) population with admixed ancestry. We selected 128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in linkage equilibrium, with high association to RA in multiple populations of non-Amerindian origin. Genotyping of 118 SNPs was performed in 313 RA patients/487 healthy control subjects by mid-density arrays of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Some of the identified associations were validated in an additional cohort (250 cases/290 controls). One marker, the SNP rs2451258, located upstream of T Cell Activation RhoGTPase Activating Protein (TAGAP) gene, showed significant association with RA (p = 5 × 10-3), whereas 18 markers exhibited suggestive associations (p < 0.05). Haplotype testing showed association of some groups of adjacent SNPs around the signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) gene (p = 9.82 × 10-3 to 2.04 × 10-3) with RA. Our major finding was little replication of previously reported genetic associations with RA. These results suggest that performing GWAS and admixture mapping in LA populations has the potential to reveal novel loci associated with RA. This in turn might help to gain insight into the 'pathogenomics' of this disease and to explore trans-population differences for RA in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Castro-Santos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
- Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - R A Verdugo
- Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Alonso-Arias
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M A Gutiérrez
- Rheumatology, Almirante Nef Naval Hospital, Viña del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile
- Valparaíso University, Viña del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - J Suazo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J C Aguillón
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa de Inmunología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Olloquequi
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - C Pinochet
- Hospital Regional de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - A Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid (Faculty of Sports Sciences) and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i + 12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - L A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Díaz-Peña
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile.
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25
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Roco Á, Nieto E, Quintana M, Muñoz J, Ortíz V, Moreno M, Mejías F, Godoy G, Zambrano J, Bruna S, Bravo G, Cabrera C, Salas P, Moena V, Leal B, Suárez M, Quiñones LA. [Comparison of point of care capillary international normalized ratio (INR) with INR measured in venous samples]. Rev Med Chil 2020; 147:1273-1282. [PMID: 32186635 DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872019001001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INR is used to monitor the treatment with vitamin K antagonists. A strategy to reduce waiting times for sampling is to measure INR in a capillary sample using a portable point of care (POC) type coagulometer. AIM To evaluate the correlation of CoaguChek Pro II™, Xprecia™ and microINR™ with venous INR measured at the clinical laboratory and their ease of use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients provided capillary and venous blood samples for parallel tests comparing Xprecia™ Stride with CoaguChek Pro II™ and with venous INR, microINR™ with CoaguChek Pro IITM and with venous INR. The devices' ease of use was assessed surveying the sampling staff. RESULTS The three tested devices had good correlation coefficients with venous INR: CoaguChek Pro IITM 0.953 and 0.962; Xprecia™ of 0.912 and microINR™ of 0.932. The correlation coefficient of Xprecia™ with CoaguChek Pro IITM was 0.937 and microINR™ with CoaguChek Pro IITM was 0.976. CONCLUSIONS CoaguChek Pro IITM, Xprecia™ and microINR™ results had a good correlation coefficient with INR measured at the laboratory. Our results indicate that, in the hands of trained users, POC-type coagulometers are reliable and acceptable for routine use in anticoagulant treatment control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Roco
- Departamento de Oncología Básico-Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patricio Salas
- Centro de Referencia en Salud "Dr. Salvador Allende G.", Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Moena
- Centro de Referencia en Salud "Dr. Salvador Allende G.", Santiago, Chile
| | - Bryan Leal
- Departamento de Oncología Básico-Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Suárez
- Departamento de Oncología Básico-Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Departamento de Oncología Básico-Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Grijalva-Avila J, Villanueva-Fierro I, Lares-Asseff I, Chairez-Hernández I, Rivera-Sanchez G, Martínez-Estrada S, Martínez-Rivera I, Quiñones LA, Loera-Castañeda V. Milk intake and IGF-1 rs6214 polymorphism as protective factors to obesity. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:388-393. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1666805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ismael Lares-Asseff
- Instituto Politécnico, Nacional-CIIDIR Unidad Durango, Durango, México
- Latin-American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gildardo Rivera-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, México
| | | | | | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Latin-American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Loera-Castañeda
- Instituto Politécnico, Nacional-CIIDIR Unidad Durango, Durango, México
- Latin-American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
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Nieto E, Suarez M, Roco Á, Rubilar JC, Tamayo F, Rojo M, Verón G, Sepúlveda J, Mejías F, Salas P, Góngora M, Andrade P, Canales A, Carabantes J, Cruz D, Contreras E, Pavez D, Charo P, Bravo G, Calderón J, Gallardo C, Vega P, Quiñones LA. Anticoagulation Management With Coumarinic Drugs in Chilean Patients. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2019; 25:1076029619834342. [PMID: 30880431 PMCID: PMC6714932 DOI: 10.1177/1076029619834342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Warfarin and acenocoumarol are used in various cardiovascular disorders to improve the
prognosis of patients with thromboembolic disease. However, there is a lack of substantial
efficacy and safety data on antithrombotic prophylaxis in several countries, particularly
in Latin America. The aim of this study was to provide information about the efficacy of
anticoagulants in Chilean patients. Data were collected from databases of the Western
Metropolitan Health Service, Santiago, Chile. We identified 6280 records of patients
receiving anticoagulant treatment. The three most common diagnoses were rhythm disorder
(43.7%), venous thrombosis (22%), and valvular prosthesis (10.7%). The majority of
patients (98.5%) received acenocoumarol while 1.5% of patients received warfarin, at
weekly therapeutic doses of 13.6 mg and 30.4 mg, respectively. For total diagnoses, the
median time in the therapeutic range was 50%. However, better results, 66.7%, were
observed when a telemedicine strategy was used only in Santiago Province. Our findings
emphasize that in Chile, where the number of patients receiving anticoagulant treatment
increases every year, telemedicine, by committed teams, improves the use of oral
anticoagulants and is able to increase quality indicators of anticoagulant treatment
care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nieto
- 1 San Juan de Dios Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Suarez
- 2 Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ángela Roco
- 2 Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,3 Escuela de Bioquímica Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,4 Western Metropolitan Health Service, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Rubilar
- 2 Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Tamayo
- 2 Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Rojo
- 2 Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Verón
- 2 Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Fanny Mejías
- 6 San José de Melipilla Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Salas
- 7 Health Reference Center "Dr. Salvador Allende G", Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Alicia Canales
- 7 Health Reference Center "Dr. Salvador Allende G", Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Pavez
- 7 Health Reference Center "Dr. Salvador Allende G", Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Gallardo
- 3 Escuela de Bioquímica Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Vega
- 3 Escuela de Bioquímica Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- 2 Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department de Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Lavanderos MA, Cayún JP, Roco Á, Sandoval C, Cerpa L, Rubilar JC, Cerro R, Molina-Mellico S, Celedón C, Cerda B, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG, Acevedo C, Peña K, Cáceres DD, Varela NM, Quiñones LA. Association Study Among Candidate Genetic Polymorphisms and Chemotherapy-Related Severe Toxicity in Testicular Cancer Patients. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:206. [PMID: 30914949 PMCID: PMC6421934 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer is one of the most commonly occurring malignant tumors in young men with fourfold higher rate of incidence and threefold higher mortality rates in Chile than the average global rates. Surgery is the initial line of treatment for testicular cancers, and is generally followed by chemotherapy, usually with combinations of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP). However, the adverse effects of chemotherapy vary significantly among individuals; therefore, the present study explored the association of functionally significant allelic variations in genes related to the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of BEP and DNA repair enzymes with chemotherapy-induced toxicity in BEP-treated testicular cancer patients. We prospectively recruited 119 patients diagnosed with testicular cancer from 2010 to 2017. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR and/or qPCR with TaqMan®probes. Toxicity was evaluated based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, v4.03. After univariate analyses to define more relevant genetic variants (p < 0.2) and clinical conditions in relation to severe (III–IV) adverse drug reactions (ADRs), stepwise forward multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. As expected, the main severe ADRs associated with the non-genetic variables were hematological (neutropenia and leukopenia). Univariate statistical analyses revealed that patients with ERCC2 rs13181 T/G and/or CYP3A4 rs2740574 A/G genotypes are more likely to develop alopecia; patients with ERCC2 rs238406 C/C genotype may develop leukopenia, and patients with GSTT1-null genotype could develop lymphocytopenia (III–IV). Patients with ERCC2 rs1799793 A/A were at risk of developing severe anemia. The BLMH rs1050565 G/G genotype was found to be associated with pain, and the GSTP1 G/G genotype was linked infection (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed an association between specific ERCC1/2 genotypes and cumulative dose of BEP drugs with the appearance of severe leukopenia and/or febrile neutropenia. Grades III–IV vomiting, nausea, and alopecia could be partly explained by the presence of specific ERCC1/2, MDR1, GSTP1, and BLMH genotypes (p < 0.05). Hence, we provide evidence for the usefulness of pharmacogenetics as a tool for predicting severe ADRs in testicular cancer patients treated with BEP chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Lavanderos
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P Cayún
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ángela Roco
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Servicio Metropolitano de Salud Occidente, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher Sandoval
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslie Cerpa
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Rubilar
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Cerro
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Molina-Mellico
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Celedón
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Berta Cerda
- Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena García-Martín
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, ARADyAL, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, ARADyAL, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Cristián Acevedo
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Peña
- Department of Oncology, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dante D Cáceres
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson M Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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González-Martínez F, Sánchez-Rodas D, Cáceres DD, Martínez MF, Quiñones LA, Johnson-Restrepo B. Arsenic exposure, profiles of urinary arsenic species, and polymorphism effects of glutathione-s-transferase and metallothioneins. Chemosphere 2018; 212:927-936. [PMID: 30286549 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of polymorphic variants of gutathione-S-transferase and metallothioneins on profiles of urinary arsenic species. Drinking groundwater from Margarita and San Fernando, Colombia were analyzed and the lifetime average daily dose (LADD) of arsenic was determined. Specific surveys were applied to collect demographic information and other exposure factors. In addition, GSTT1-null, GSTM1-null, GSTP1-rs1695 and MT-2A-rs28366003 genetic polymorphisms were evaluated, either by direct PCR or PCR-RFLP. Urinary speciated arsenic concentrations were determined by HPLC-HG-AFS for species such as AsIII, AsV, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and total urinary As (TuAs). Primary methylation index (PMI) and secondary methylation index (SMI) were also calculated as indicators of the metabolic capacity. Polymorphisms effects were tested using multivariate analysis, adjusted by potential confounders. The As concentrations in groundwater were on average 34.6 ± 24.7 μg/L greater than the WHO guideline for As (10 μg/L). There was a correlation between As concentrations in groundwater and TuAs (r = 0.59; p = 0.000). Urinary inorganic arsenic (%InAs) was associated with GSTP1, LADD, GSTP1*Age, GSTP1*alcohol consumption (r2 = 0.43; likelihood-ratio test, p = 0.000). PMI was associated with sex (r2 = 0.20; likelihood-ratio test, p = 0.007). GSTP1 (AG + GG) homozygotes/heterozygotes could increase urinary %InAs and decrease the PMI ratio in people exposed to low and high As from drinking groundwater. Therefore, the explanatory models showed the participation of some covariates that could influence the effects of the polymorphisms on these exposure biomarkers to As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farith González-Martínez
- Public Health Research Group, School of Dentistry, Campus of Zaragocilla, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia; Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Rodas
- Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, CIQSO, University of Huelva, Huelva 21071, Spain
| | - Dante D Cáceres
- Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías F Martínez
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Boris Johnson-Restrepo
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia.
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Roco Á, Cerda B, Cayún JP, Lavanderos A, Rubilar JC, Cerro R, Acevedo C, Cáceres D, Varela N, Quiñones LA. [Pharmacogenetics, tobacco, alcohol and its effect on the risk development cancer]. Rev Chil Pediatr 2018; 89:432-440. [PMID: 30571815 DOI: 10.4067/s0370-41062018005000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, causing 8.8 million deaths in 2015 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Risk factors for cancer include smoking and alcohol con sumption. In Chile, 33.6% of the population and 21.2% of young people smokes. Alcohol consump tion in the Chilean population is 74.5% and 12.2% in young people. Among the physiological factors that influence the development of cancer, the genetic factor plays a relevant role. It has been shown that the presence of genetic polymorphisms that alter the ability of the body to eliminate contami nants increase the risk of developing cancer. The same applies to polymorphisms that prevent DNA repair due to damage caused by environmental pollutants such as cigarette smoke. The objective of this review is to analyze the state of the art of the relationship between pharmacogenetics, smoking, and alcohol consumption as risk factors for the development of cancer. In conclusion, the results suggest that the presence of polymorphisms that alter the function of biotransformation enzymes phase I (CYP1A1, CYP1E1) and phase II (GST), as well as polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes (ERCC1 / ERCC2), increase the risk of cancer induced by smoking and alcohol consumption. This association is important considering that smoking and drinking alcohol are highly prevalent among the Chilean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Roco
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Berta Cerda
- Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, SSM Norte, Ministerio de Salud, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Cayún
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Lavanderos
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Rubilar
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Cerro
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Acevedo
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dante Cáceres
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Varela
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Roco A, Quiñones LA, Sepúlveda P, Donoso H, Lapostol C, Alarcón R, Torres ME, Véliz PC, Acuña G, Wilke O, Acevedo C. Prevalence of seven cardiovascular-related genetic polymorphisms in a Chilean mestizo healthy population. Acta Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/ac.70.5.3110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Roco
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Romina Alarcón
- Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente, Santiago, Chile
| | - María E. Torres
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Santo Tomas University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulo C. Véliz
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Acuña
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Wilke
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Acevedo
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Clinical Hospital, University of Chile (HCUCH)., Santiago, Chile
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Zaruma-Torres F, Lares-Asseff I, Lima A, Reyes-Espinoza A, Loera-Castañeda V, Sosa-Macías M, Galaviz-Hernández C, Arias-Peláez MC, Reyes-López MA, Quiñones LA. Genetic Polymorphisms Associated to Folate Transport as Predictors of Increased Risk for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mexican Children. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:238. [PMID: 27547186 PMCID: PMC4974492 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a frequent neoplasia occurring in children. The most commonly used drug for the treatment of ALL is methotrexate (MTX), an anti-folate agent. Previous studies suggest that folate transporters play a role in ALL prognosis and that genetic polymorphism of genes encoding folate transporters may increase the risk of ALL. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine the associations among six genetic polymorphisms in four genes related with the folate transporter pathway to determine a relationship with the occurrence of ALL in Mexican children. A case-control study was performed in 73 ALL children and 133 healthy children from Northern and Northwestern Mexico. COL18A1 (rs2274808), SLC19A1 (rs2838956), ABCB1 (rs1045642 and rs1128503), and ABCC5 (rs9838667 and rs3792585). Polymorphisms were assayed through qPCR. Our results showed an increased ALL risk in children carrying CT genotype (OR = 2.55, CI 95% 1.11–5.83, p = 0.0001) and TT genotype (OR = 21.05, CI 95% 5.62–78.87, p < 0.0001) of COL18A1 rs2274808; in SLC19A1 rs2838956 AG carriers (OR = 44.69, CI 95% 10.42–191.63, p = 0.0001); in ABCB1 rs1045642 TT carriers (OR = 13.76, CI 95% 5.94–31.88, p = 0.0001); in ABCC5 rs9838667 AC carriers (OR = 2.61, CI 95% 1.05–6.48, p < 0.05); and in ABCC5 rs3792585 CC carriers (OR = 9.99, CI 95% 3.19–31.28, p = 0.004). Moreover, several combinations of genetic polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with a risk for ALL. Finally, two combinations of ABCC5 polymorphisms resulted in protection from this neoplasia. In conclusion, certain genetic polymorphisms related to the folate transport pathway, particularly COL18A1 rs2274808, SLC19A1 rs2838956, ABCB1 rs1045642, and ABCC5 rs3792585, were associated with an increased risk for ALL in Mexican children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Zaruma-Torres
- Pharmacogenomics Academia, National Polytechnic Institute-CIIDIRDurango, Mexico; School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of CuencaCuenca, Ecuador
| | - Ismael Lares-Asseff
- Pharmacogenomics Academia, National Polytechnic Institute-CIIDIR Durango, Mexico
| | - Aurea Lima
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde Gandra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Martha Sosa-Macías
- Pharmacogenomics Academia, National Polytechnic Institute-CIIDIR Durango, Mexico
| | | | - María C Arias-Peláez
- Institute of Scientific Research of the University Juarez of State of Durango Durango, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Reyes-López
- Center of Biotechnology Genomics, National Polytechnic Institute Reynosa, Mexico
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Pharmacological and Molecular Program, Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Faculty of Medicine, ICBM, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
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Varela NM, Quiñones LA. Reply to the commentary: Estimating genotype and allele frequencies of the CYP2D6 gene. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Varela N, Quiñones LA, Stojanova J, Garay J, Cáceres D, Cespedes S, Sasso J, Miranda C. Corrigendum to “Characterization of the CYP2D6 drug metabolizing phenotypes of the Chilean mestizo population through polymorphism analyses” [Pharm. Res. 101 (November) (2015) 124–129]. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Roco A, Quiñones LA, Sepúlveda P, Donoso H, Lapostol C, Alarcón R, Torres ME, Véliz PC, Acuña G, Wilke O, Acevedo C. Prevalence of seven cardiovascular-related genetic polymorphisms in a Chilean mestizo healthy population. Acta Cardiol 2015; 70:528-35. [PMID: 26567812 DOI: 10.2143/ac.70.5.3110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among the genetic factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), determining polymorphic genotypes could help to understand the appearance of the illness. Ethnic differences in these polymorphisms could explain population variability in susceptibility to CVD. The main goal of this research is to study the presence of more relevant genetic variants of ApoE, CETP, ACE, PAI-1, MTHFR, FII and FVL of the coagulation cascade, to describe the presence of cardiovascular-related variants in a mestizo group of the Chilean people. METHODS AND RESULTS The studied population comprised 146 unrelated subjects from the general population, diagnosed as healthy, who were genotyped through conventional and/or real-time PCR. The allele frequencies for the Chilean population were: Apo E, ε2: 0.036, ε3: 0.875 and ε4: 0.089; CETP, B1: 0.51 and B2: 0.49; MTHFR, C: 0.52 and T: 0.48; ACE, I: 0.603 and D: 0.397; PAI-1, 4G: 0.381 and 5G: 0.619; FII, G: 0.97 and A: 0.03, and FV Leiden, G: 0.97 and A: 0.03. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to establish a first picture in the Chilean mestizo population about the frequencies of these variants, which could act as single or complementary risk factors to trigger CVD. The obtained allele frequencies show great differences in relation to other South American populations.
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Varela N, Quiñones LA, Stojanova J, Garay J, Cáceres D, Cespedes S, Sasso J, Miranda C. Characterization of the CYP2D6 drug metabolizing phenotypes of the Chilean mestizo population through polymorphism analyses. Pharmacol Res 2015. [PMID: 26211952 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We tested the influence of four polymorphisms and gene duplication in CYP2D6 on in vivo enzyme activity in a Chilean mestizo population in order to identify the most relevant genetic profiles that account for observed phenotypes in this ethnic group. CYP2D6*2 (2850C>T), *3 (2549A>del), *4 (1846G>A), *17 (1023C>T) and gene duplication were determined by PCR-RFLP or PCRL in a group of 321 healthy volunteers. Individuals with different variant alleles were phenotyped by determining debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity as a metabolic ratio (MR) using a validated HPLC assay. Minor allele frequencies were 0.41, 0.01, 0.12 and 0.00 for CYP2D6*2, *3, *4 and *17 variants, respectively, and the duplication frequency was 0.003. Genotype analysis correlated with phenotypes in 18 of 23 subjects (78.3%). 11 subjects were extensive metabolizers (EM), 8 were intermediate metabolizers (IM), 2 were poor metabolizers (PM) and 2 were ultra-rapid metabolizers (UM) which is fairly coincident with expected phenotypes metabolic ratios ranged from 0.11 to 126.41. The influence of CYP2D6*3 was particularly notable, although only heterozygote carriers were present in our population. Individuals homozygous for *4 were always PM. As expected, the only subject with gene duplication was UM. In conclusion, there was a clear effect of genotype on observed CYP2D6 activity. Classification of EM, PM and UM through genotyping was useful to characterize CYP2D6 phenotype in the Chilean mestizo population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile.
| | - Jana Stojanova
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Joselyn Garay
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Dante Cáceres
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile; Environmental Health Program, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Silvia Cespedes
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Jaime Sasso
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Carla Miranda
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
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Quiñones LA, Lee KS. Editorial: Improving cancer chemotherapy through pharmacogenomics: a research topic. Front Genet 2015; 6:195. [PMID: 26089835 PMCID: PMC4452881 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Kuen S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hospital del Salvador, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
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Acevedo CA, Quiñones LA, Catalán J, Cáceres DD, Fullá JA, Roco AM. Impact of CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms in overall and specific prostate cancer survival. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:280-90. [PMID: 24508281 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prognostic biomarkers that distinguish between patients with good or poor outcome can be used to guide decisions of whom to treat and how aggressively. In this sense, several groups have proposed genetic polymorphisms as potential susceptibility and prognostic biomarkers; however, their validity has not been proven. Thus, the main goal of the present work was to investigate the potential role of single and combined CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genotypes as modifiers of cancer survival in Chilean patients with prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 260 histologically confirmed patients were recruited from a voluntary screening, and genomic DNA was obtained from their blood samples for genotyping analyses to detect the CYP1A1*2A polymorphism and GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions. The progression of illness and mortality were estimated with a median follow-up of 8.82 years. Adjusted estimated genotype risks were evaluated by hazard ratio and 95% CI using the Cox proportional model. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier survival method and log-rank test were used to evaluate patient survival with regard to genotype. RESULTS The 9-year overall and specific survival rates were 67.6% and 36.6% in the GSTT1null group, 67.6% and 58.7% in the GSTM1non-null group, 69.0% and 51.6% in the *1A/*2A group, 63.9% and 61.5% in the *2A/*2A group vs. 76.2% and 62.3% in the GSTT1non-null group, 82.3% and 50% in the GSTM1null group, and 83.7% and 56.3% in the *1A/*1A group, respectively. The hazard ratios and the Kaplan-Meier curve results demonstrate that the GSTM1non-null, GSTT1null, and CYP1A1*2A genotypes are significantly associated with mortality. Our study has two main limitations: a relatively small sample size and a low global mortality percentage (25.4%); thus, we need to continue the follow-up to confirm these findings. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the GSTM1non-null, GSTT1null, and CYP1A1*2A genotypes may be good prognosis markers, particularly in patients with high-risk tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián A Acevedo
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Urology, University of Chile Clinical Hospital (HCUCH), Santiago, Chile; National Cancer Corporation (CONAC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Johanna Catalán
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dante D Cáceres
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Environmental Health Program, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A Fullá
- National Cancer Corporation (CONAC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Angela M Roco
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Center of Pharmacological and Toxicological Research (IFT), ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Processes Management and Care, SSMOC, Santiago, Chile
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Cáceres DD, Alvarado SA, Martínez P, Quiñones LA. [Relation of genetic variants of CYP2A6 with tobacco dependence and smoking habit in Chilean subjects. A pilot study]. Rev Med Chil 2013; 140:436-41. [PMID: 22854688 DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872012000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and metabolic factors associated with nicotine metabolism may be related to smoking behavior. AIM To assess the prevalence of allelic and genotype variants of CYP2A6 in a sample of Chilean subjects and to evaluate their relationship with smoking and tobacco dependence. MATERIAL AND METHODS The genotype frequencies for *2, *3 and *4 of CYP2A6*1 (wild type) gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 54 volunteers. Addiction to tobacco was evaluated using the Fagerstrom Test. The association between the presence of allelic variants of CYP2A6 and smoking and tobacco dependence was evaluated with chi square test. RESULTS The prevalence of *1, *2 (wt/*2), *3 (wt/*3 or *31*3) and *4 (del/del) were 92.6%, 3.7%, 0% y 3.7%, respectively. No significant association was observed between being a carrier of a variant genotype of CYP2A6 and smoking or tobacco dependence. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of Chilean individuals we did not find a relation between any CYP2A6 genotype with smoking or tobacco dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante D Cáceres
- División de Epidemiología, Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Varela NM, Quiñones LA, Orellana M, Poniachik J, Csendes A, Smok G, Rodrigo R, Cáceres DD, Videla LA. Study of cytochrome P450 2E1 and its allele variants in liver injury of nondiabetic, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis obese women. Biol Res 2008; 41:81-92. [PMID: 18769766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP2E1 enzyme is related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to its ability for reactive oxygen species production, which can be influenced by polymorphisms in the gene. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatic levels, activity, and polymorphisms of the CYP2E1 gene to correlate it with clinical and histological features in 48 female obese NASH patients. Subjects were divided into three groups: (i) normal; (ii) steatosis; and (iii) steatohepatitis. CYP2E1 protein level was assayed in microsomes from liver biopsies, and in vivo chlorzoxazone hydroxylation was determined by HPLC. Genomic DNA was isolated for genotype analysis through PCR. The results showed that liver CYP2E1 content was significantly higher in the steatohepatitis (45%; p=0.024) and steatosis (22%; p=0.032) group compared with normal group. Chlorzoxazone hydroxylase activity showed significant enhancement in the steatohepatitis group (15%, p=0.027) compared with the normal group. c2 rare allele of RsallPstl polymorphisms but no C allele of Dral polymorphism was positively associated with CHZ hydroxylation, which in turn is correlated with liver CYP2E1 content (r=0.59; p=0.026). In conclusion, c2 allele is positively associated with liver injury in NASH. This allele may determine a higher transcriptional activity of the gene, with consequent enhancement in pro-oxidant activity of CYP2E1 thus affording liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson M Varela
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Quiñones LA, Irarrázabal CE, Rojas CR, Orellana CE, Acevedo C, Huidobro C, Varela NE, Cáceres DD. Joint effect among p53, CYP1A1, GSTM1 polymorphism combinations and smoking on prostate cancer risk: an exploratory genotype-environment interaction study. Asian J Androl 2006; 8:349-55. [PMID: 16625286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the role of several genetic factors in combination with an environmental factor as modulators of prostate cancer risk. We focus on allele variants of low-penetrance genes associated with cell control, the detoxification processes and smoking. METHODS In a case-control study we compared people carrying p53cd72 Pro allele, CYP1A1 M1 allele and GSTM1 null genotypes with their prostate cancer risk. RESULTS The joint risk for smokers carrying Pro* and M1*, Pro* and GSTM1null or GSTM1 null and CYP1A1 M1* variants was significantly higher (odds ratio [OR]: 13.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.41-71.36; OR: 3.97, 95% CI: 1.13-13.95 and OR: 6.87, 95% CI: 1.68-27.97, respectively) compared with that for the reference group, and for non-smokers was not significant. OR for combinations among p53cd72, GSTM1 and CYP1A1 M1 in smokers were positively and significantly associated with prostate cancer risk compared with non-smokers and compared with the putative lowest risk group (OR: 8.87, 95% CI: 1.25-62.71). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a combination of p53cd72, CYP1A1, GSTM1 alleles and smoking plays a significant role in modified prostate cancer risk on the study population, which means that smokers carrying susceptible genotypes might have a significantly higher risk than those carrying non-susceptible genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Science Institute (ICBM), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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