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Liu Z, Julius P, Himwaze CM, Mucheleng’anga LA, Chapple AG, West JT, Wood C. Cannabis Use Associates With Reduced Proviral Burden and Inflammatory Cytokine in Tissues From Men With Clade C HIV-1 on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1306-1316. [PMID: 38243412 PMCID: PMC11095553 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) tissue reservoirs remain the main obstacle against an HIV cure. Limited information exists regarding cannabis's effects on HIV-1 infections in vivo, and the impact of cannabis use on HIV-1 parenchymal tissue reservoirs is unexplored. METHODS To investigate whether cannabis use alters HIV-1 tissue reservoirs, we systematically collected 21 postmortem brain and peripheral tissues from 20 men with subtype C HIV-1 and with suppressed viral load enrolled in Zambia, 10 of whom tested positive for cannabis use. The tissue distribution and copies of subtype C HIV-1 LTR, gag, env DNA and RNA, and the relative mRNA levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 were quantified using PCR-based approaches. Utilizing generalized linear mixed models we compared persons with HIV-1 and suppressed viral load, with and without cannabis use. RESULTS The odds of tissues harboring HIV-1 DNA and the viral DNA copies in those tissues were significantly lower in persons using cannabis. Moreover, the transcription levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in lymphoid tissues of persons using cannabis were also significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that cannabis use is associated with reduced sizes and inflammatory cytokine expression of subtype C HIV-1 reservoirs in men with suppressed viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Peter Julius
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Cordilia Maria Himwaze
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Andrew G Chapple
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - John T West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Charles Wood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Osborne A, James PB, Olorunsaiye CZ, Bangura C, Lebbie A. Cannabis use and its psychosocial correlates among school-going adolescents in Sierra Leone. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:986. [PMID: 38589826 PMCID: PMC11003035 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Sierra Leone, adolescents are increasingly engaging in risky activities, including cannabis use, which can lead to substance abuse, poor academic performance, and psychotic symptoms. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of cannabis use among school-going adolescents in the country. METHOD Data for the study was sourced from the 2017 Sierra Leone Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), a nationally representative survey conducted among adolescents aged 10-19 years using a multistage sampling methodology. A weighted sample of 1,467 adolescents in Sierra Leone was included in the study. The study utilised bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors linked to cannabis use, presenting results using adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The prevalence of cannabis use was 5.1% [3.0,8.6] among school-going adolescents in Sierra Leone. School-going adolescents who attempted suicide [aOR = 6.34, 95% CI = 1.71-23.45], used amphetamine [aOR = 15.84, 95% CI = 7.94-31.62] and were involved in sexual risk behaviour [aOR = 5.56, 95% CI = 2.18-14.20] were more likely to be associated with cannabis use. CONCLUSION In Sierra Leone, a small but non-trivial minority of students use cannabis. Ever-used amphetamines or methamphetamines, suicidal attempts, and sexual risk behaviour were the factors associated with cannabis use in Sierra Leone. The development of school-based health intervention programmes is crucial to address the risk factors associated with cannabis use among school-going adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustus Osborne
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, Njala University, PMB, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
| | - Peter Bai James
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Comfort Z Olorunsaiye
- Department of Public Health, Arcadia University, 450 S Easton Road, Glenside, PA, 19038, USA
| | - Camilla Bangura
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, Njala University, PMB, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Aiah Lebbie
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, Njala University, PMB, Freetown, Sierra Leone
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Osborne A, Aboagye RG, Olorunsaiye CZ, James PB, Bangura C, Seidu AA, Kangbai JB, Ahinkorah BO. Prevalence and predictors of lifetime amphetamine use among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080225. [PMID: 38471692 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the prevalence of amphetamine use and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone. DESIGN Data for the study was sourced from the 2017 Sierra Leone Global School-based Health Survey. Percentages with confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the prevalence of amphetamine use among in-school adolescents. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the factors associated with amphetamine use. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CIs. SETTING Sierra Leone. PARTICIPANTS A weighted sample of 1,314 in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone. OUTCOME MEASURE Lifetime amphetamine use. RESULTS The prevalence of amphetamine use was 6.1% (3.9%-9.5%). In-school adolescents who planned suicide were more likely to use amphetamine compared with those who did not (aOR 2.54; 95% CI 1.02 to 6.31). Also, the odds of amphetamine use were higher among in-school adolescents who received support from their peers (aOR 3.19, 95% CI 1.71 to 5.96), consumed alcohol (aOR 4.85, 95% CI 2.61 to 9.03), and those who had previously used marijuana (aOR 13.31, 95% CI 6.61 to 28.78) compared with those who did not receive any support, never consumed alcohol, and never used marijuana, respectively. CONCLUSION Amphetamine use is prevalent among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone. There is a need to implement comprehensive public health policies that extend beyond school-based psychobehavioural therapies. These policies should specifically address the considerable risk factors associated with amphetamine use among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustus Osborne
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Richard Gyan Aboagye
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Peter Bai James
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Camilla Bangura
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jia B Kangbai
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Asante KO, Atorkey P. Cannabis and amphetamine use among school-going adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis of prevalence and associated factors. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:778. [PMID: 37875858 PMCID: PMC10599041 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global evidence indicates that early onset of illicit substance use among adolescents and emerging adults is associated with negative mental-health related-outcomes that can persist into adulthood. However, the lack of quality regional data on adolescent illicit substance use and its determinants remains a common barrier to evidence-based policy-making and the development of school-based interventions in Africa. The purpose of our study was to estimate the prevalence and describe the correlates of cannabis and amphetamine use among school-going adolescents in eight sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) - Benin, Ghana, Liberia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, and Tanzania. METHODS We analysed 15,553 school-going adolescents that participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey. A two-stage sampling approach was used to generate a nationally representative sample of school children (grades 7-12) in each of these countries. Students responded to a self-administered structured questionnaire that contained information on sociodemographic factors, family involvement factors, mental health factors, school environment factors and past-month cannabis and life-time amphetamine use. RESULTS The overall prevalence estimates of past-month cannabis use and lifetime amphetamine use among school-going adolescents in the eight SSA countries was 4.39% (95% CI = 4.08, 4.72) and 3.05% (95% CI = 2.79, 3.34) respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, demographic characteristics (age and male gender), mental health factors (suicide ideation and attempt), lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, past-month alcohol use, lifetime drunkenness and leisure-time sedentary behaviour) and school level factors (truancy and bullying victimisation) showed strong associations with increased odds of both past-month cannabis use and lifetime amphetamine use. Social support at school was associated with increased odds for lifetime amphetamine, while parental monitoring decreases the odds for lifetime amphetamine use. It was also observed that parental tobacco use was associated with increased odds of both past-month cannabis use and lifetime amphetamine use. CONCLUSION The relatively low overall prevalence estimates of past-month cannabis use and lifetime amphetamine use among school-going adolescents in not surprising. However, the identified risk and protective factors associated with cannabis and amphetamine use underscores the need for these eight countries in SSA to develop contextual and multi-sectoral intervention and school-based prevention programmes that could target school-going adolescents who may be at risk of misusing these illicit drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Oppong Asante
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 84, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Prince Atorkey
- Discipline of Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Professions, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
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5
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Belete H, Mekonen T, Espinosa DC, Ambaw F, Connor J, Chan G, Hides L, Hall W, Leung J. Cannabis use in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2023. [PMID: 36807954 DOI: 10.1111/add.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The most available data on the prevalence of cannabis use come from population surveys conducted in high-income countries in North America, Oceania and Europe. Less is known about the prevalence of cannabis use in Africa. This systematic review aimed to summarize general population-level cannabis use in sub-Saharan Africa since 2010. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and AJOL databases in addition to Global Health Data Exchange and grey literature without language restriction. Search terms related to 'substance', 'Substance-Related Disorders' and 'Prevalence' and 'Africa South of the Sahara' were used. Studies that reported cannabis use in the general population were selected, while studies from clinical populations and high-risk groups were excluded. Prevalence data on cannabis use in the general population of adolescents (10-17 years) and adults (≥ 18 years) in sub-Saharan Africa were extracted. RESULTS The study included 53 studies for the quantitative meta-analysis and included 13 239 participants. Among adolescents, the life-time, 12-month and 6-month prevalence of cannabis use were 7.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.4-10.9%], 5.2% (95% CI = 1.7-10.3%) and 4.5% (95% CI = 3.3-5.8%), respectively. The corresponding life-time, 12-month and 6-month prevalence of cannabis use among adults were 12.6% (95% CI = 6.1-21.2%), 2.2% (95% CI = 1.7-2.7%, with data only available from Tanzania and Uganda) and 4.7% (95% CI = 3.3-6.4%), respectively. The male-to-female life-time cannabis use relative risk was 1.90 (95% CI = 1.25-2.98) among adolescents and 1.67 (CI = 0.63-4.39) among adults. CONCLUSIONS Life-time cannabis use prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa appears to be approximately 12% for adults and just under 8% for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habte Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tesfa Mekonen
- Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Fentie Ambaw
- School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Jason Connor
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Mavura RA, Nyaki AY, Leyaro BJ, Mamseri R, George J, Ngocho JS, Mboya IB. Prevalence of substance use and associated factors among secondary school adolescents in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274102. [PMID: 36054121 PMCID: PMC9439258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Substance use among school-going adolescents increases the risk of developing mental disorders, addiction, and substance use disorders. These may lead to poor academic performance and reduced productivity, which affects adolescent lives. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of substance use and associated factors among secondary school adolescents in the Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania.
Methodology
The study used secondary data from a cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 10–19 years from public secondary schools in the Kilimanjaro Region, northern Tanzania. Substance use was measured using the Global School Health Survey (GSHS) questionnaire. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages, while numerical variables used mean and standard deviation. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to determine risk factors associated with lifetime and current (within the past 30 days preceding the survey) substance use.
Results
The lifetime and current prevalence of substance use among 3224 adolescents was 19.7% and 12.8%, respectively, while alcohol and cigarettes were commonly used. Female adolescents had lower odds of current substance use (OR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.50–0.80). Higher odds of current substance use were among adolescents who have ever had sex (OR = 4.31, 95%CI 3.25–5.71), ever engaged in a physical fight (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.73–2.78), ever been bullied (OR = 1.55, 95%CI 1.16–2.05), always seen alcohol advertisements (OR = 1.87, 95%CI 1.37–2.53), and adolescents whose parent/guardians rarely understood their problems (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.03–1.85). Adolescents whose classmates always showed social support had lower odds of current substance use (AOR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.53–0.97). Similar factors were associated with lifetime substance users.
Conclusion
The study reflects a high prevalence of substance use among adolescents in the Kilimanjaro region. Alcohol and cigarette are the most prevalent substances used. Regulatory measures are essential to limit alcohol advertisements that are media portrayed. Efforts are needed to reduce risk behaviors, such as physical violence and bullying, through peer support groups/clubs in school environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehema A. Mavura
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - Ahmed Y. Nyaki
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Beatrice J. Leyaro
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Redempta Mamseri
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Johnston George
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - James S. Ngocho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Innocent B. Mboya
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
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Omotoso AB, Makanjuola AB, Abiodun OA. Recreational use of psychoactive substances among secondary school students in North-Central Nigeria. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1779361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayotunde B. Omotoso
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Alfred B. Makanjuola
- Drug Abuse Treatment, Research & Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olatunji A. Abiodun
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Oppong Asante K. Cannabis and amphetamine use and its psychosocial correlates among school-going adolescents in Ghana. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:33. [PMID: 31485264 PMCID: PMC6716856 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of cannabis and amphetamine use and to determine its associated factors among school-going adolescents in Ghana. METHOD The 2012 Ghanaian Global School-based Student Health Survey on 3632 adolescents aged 11-19 years (mean = 15.1 years; SD = 1.4) was used. Participants for this study were sampled from selected junior (JHS) and senior high schools (SHS) in all the 10 administrative regions of Ghana. A two-stage cluster sampling design was used to select 25 senior high schools to represent all the 10 regions of Ghana. Information was collected with a self-administered structured questionnaire that contained information on demographics, alcohol, tobacco and other drug use, violence, and a range of other health-related behaviours. RESULTS The result showed that past-month cannabis use was 5.3% and lifetime amphetamine use was 7.1% among students. In multivariate model, after controlling for other variables, school truancy and current cigarette smoking were associated with both past-month cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use. The number of close friends was associated with only past-month cannabis use. School environment factors (bullying victimisation and having been attacked) and parental substance use were associated with lifetime amphetamine use. CONCLUSION This study identified a number of risk factors, including parental substance use and various risk behaviours, for both past-month cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use. School-based health intervention programmes should be developed taking into consideration the risk factors associated with cannabis and amphetamine use among school-going adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Oppong Asante
- 0000 0004 1937 1485grid.8652.9Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 84, Legon, Accra, Ghana ,0000 0001 2284 638Xgrid.412219.dDepartment of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa ,Institute for Psychosocial Research on Child and Adolescent Wellbeing (IPRECAW), Accra, Ghana
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Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Cannabis and amphetamine use and socio-ecological (proximal and distal) factors among school-going adolescents in four countries in the Caribbean and four countries in South America. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 33:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0030/ijamh-2018-0030.xml. [PMID: 30973823 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the prevalence of cannabis and amphetamine use and socio-ecological (proximal and distal) factors among adolescents in eight countries of the Americas. We analysed cross-sectional survey data from 44,904 adolescents [mean age 14.6 years, standard deviation (SD) = 1.4] from Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Peru and Trinidad and Tobago that participated in the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2011-2013. The prevalence of the past month's cannabis use was 8.3% and lifetime amphetamine use was 3.0%. In adjusted mixed-effects logistic regression analysis older age, male gender, personal attributes (anxiety, suicidal ideation, current tobacco use, current alcohol use, school truancy and sexual risk behaviour) and environmental stressors (having been in a physical fight, hunger, being bullied) were positively and parental support and peer support were negatively associated with the past month's cannabis and/or lifetime amphetamine use. Measures to prevent and control cannabis and amphetamine use in this adolescent population should include personal attributes (mental health, substance use, school truancy and sexual risk behaviour), environmental stressors and parental and peer support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Innovation and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Supa Pengpid
- Department of Research Innovation and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.,ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
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Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Cannabis and Amphetamine Use and Socio-Ecological Proximal and Distal Factors Among School-Going Adolescents in Six Pacific Island Countries. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-018-0468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Cannabis and Amphetamine Use and Associated Factors Among School-Going Adolescents in Nine African Countries. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2017.1420512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
- Department of Research Development and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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12
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Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Cannabis and Amphetamine Use Among Adolescents in Five Asian Countries. Cent Asian J Glob Health 2017; 6:288. [PMID: 30881756 PMCID: PMC6393045 DOI: 10.5195/cajgh.2017.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There has been a global increase in illicit drug use among young people. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of lifetime cannabis and amphetamine use, as well as to explore factors associated with substance use among adolescents in five Asian countries: Iraq, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mongolia, and Vietnam. Methods 38,941 school children (mean age 15.4 years, SD=1.5) completed the cross-sectional Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Topics covered in the questionnaire included cannabis and amphetamine use. Personal, parental, and environmental attributes were explored as predictors of cannabis and amphetamine use. Logistic regression was used to assess the contribution of potential predictors on lifetime cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use. Results Overall, the prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was 0.9% and lifetime amphetamine use was 1.0% among research participants. Cannabis use was influenced by male gender (Kuwait, Mongolia), parental smoking habits (Kuwait, Iraq), and current cigarette smoking in all countries. Amphetamine use was associated with suicidal ideation (Kuwait, Malaysia, Vietnam), school truancy (Malaysia, Mongolia, Vietnam), being a victim of physical assault (Kuwait, Mongolia), bullying victimization (Iraq, Malaysia, Vietnam), as well as anxiety and current cigarette use in all countries. Conclusions Our preliminary results show the importance of personal attributes such as mental distress and environmental stressors on lifetime cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use. Future prospective studies are needed to identify causal relationships among personal attributes, parental attributes, environmental stressors, and illicit substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- HIV/AIDS/STIs/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Supa Pengpid
- Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa.,ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
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13
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Chivandire CT, January J. Correlates of cannabis use among high school students in Shamva District, Zimbabwe: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Malawi Med J 2016; 28:53-56. [PMID: 27895829 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v28i2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We set out to determine the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that influence cannabis use in young people aged 13 to 19 years in Shamva District, Zimbabwe. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study focusing on the correlates of cannabis use was conducted among 311 school-going adolescents who were selected using multistage sampling. RESULTS Eight percent of the students in our sample reported current use of cannabis. Associations were found between cannabis use and alcohol consumption (P < 0.001), cigarette smoking (P < 0.001), and having had engaged in sexual intercourse (P < 0.001). Significant relationships were found between recreational use of cannabis and having family members, friends, and parents who have used cannabis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Students who reported using alcohol, smoking cigarettes, and having had engaged in sexual activity were more likely to use cannabis. There is need for identification of these risky behaviours among students, and ecological frameworks and holistic approaches in health promotion programming should be fostered in an effort to increase awareness of the potential harmful effects of cannabis use on adolescents' health and life outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James January
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Rahimian Boogar I, Tabatabaee SM, Tosi J. Attitude to Substance Abuse: Do Personality and Socio-Demographic Factors Matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS AND ADDICTION 2014; 3:e16712. [PMID: 25593892 PMCID: PMC4286919 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.16712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Rahimian Boogar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Isaac Rahimian Boogar, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, IR Iran. Tel: + 98-2323623300, Fax: + 98-2323626888, E-mail:
| | | | - Jalileh Tosi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Semnan Branch, Researches and Sciences Azad University, Semnan, IR Iran
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