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Xiao X, Zhou Y, Li X, Jin J, Durham J, Ye Z, Wang Y, Hennig B, Deng P. 13C-Stable isotope resolved metabolomics uncovers dynamic biochemical landscape of gut microbiome-host organ communications in mice. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:90. [PMID: 38750595 PMCID: PMC11094917 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiome metabolites are important modulators of host health and disease. However, the overall metabolic potential of the gut microbiome and interactions with the host organs have been underexplored. RESULTS Using stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) in mice orally gavaged with 13C-inulin (a tracer), we first observed dynamic enrichment of 13C-metabolites in cecum contents in the amino acids and short-chain fatty acid metabolism pathways. 13C labeled metabolites were subsequently profiled comparatively in plasma, liver, brain, and skeletal muscle collected at 6, 12, and 24 h after the tracer administration. Organ-specific and time-dependent 13C metabolite enrichments were observed. Carbons from the gut microbiome were preferably incorporated into choline metabolism and the glutamine-glutamate/GABA cycle in the liver and brain, respectively. A sex difference in 13C-lactate enrichment was observed in skeletal muscle, which highlights the sex effect on the interplay between gut microbiome and host organs. Choline was identified as an interorgan metabolite derived from the gut microbiome and fed the lipogenesis of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in host organs. In vitro and in silico studies revealed the de novo synthesis of choline in the human gut microbiome via the ethanolamine pathway, and Enterococcus faecalis was identified as a major choline synthesis species. These results revealed a previously underappreciated role for gut microorganisms in choline biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Multicompartmental SIRM analyses provided new insights into the current understanding of dynamic interorgan metabolite transport between the gut microbiome and host at the whole-body level in mice. Moreover, this study singled out microbiota-derived metabolites that are potentially involved in the gut-liver, gut-brain, and gut-skeletal muscle axes. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, 1132 Yunxuan Bldg, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, 1132 Yunxuan Bldg, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, 1132 Yunxuan Bldg, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, 1132 Yunxuan Bldg, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jerika Durham
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zifan Ye
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone St, 501 Wethington Health Sciences Bldg, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Pan Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, 1132 Yunxuan Bldg, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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2
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Peng R, Song C, Gou S, Liu H, Kang H, Dong Y, Xu Y, Hu P, Cai K, Feng Q, Guan H, Li F. Gut Clostridium sporogenes-derived indole propionic acid suppresses osteoclast formation by activating pregnane X receptor. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107121. [PMID: 38431091 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is maintained by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. A dramatic decrease in estrogen levels in postmenopausal women leads to osteoclast overactivation, impaired bone homeostasis, and subsequent bone loss. Changes in the gut microbiome affect bone mineral density. However, the role of the gut microbiome in estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we found that the abundance of Clostridium sporogenes (C. spor.) and its derived metabolite, indole propionic acid (IPA), were decreased in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In vitro assays suggested that IPA suppressed osteoclast differentiation and function. At the molecular level, IPA suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced pregnane X receptor (PXR) ubiquitination and degradation, leading to increased binding of remaining PXR with P65. In vivo daily IPA administration or repeated C. spor. colonization protected against OVX-induced bone loss. To protect live bacteria from the harsh gastric environment and delay the emptying of orally administered C. spor. from the intestine, a C. spor.-encapsulated silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel system was developed, which achieved bone protection in OVX mice comparable to that achieved with repeated germ transplantation or daily IPA administration. Overall, we found that gut C. spor.-derived IPA was involved in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoclast overactivation by regulating the PXR/P65 complex. The C. spor.-encapsulated SF hydrogel system is a promising tool for combating postmenopausal osteoporosis without the disadvantages of repeated germ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangquan Gou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglei Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peixuan Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hanfeng Guan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Madhvapathy SR, Bury MI, Wang LW, Ciatti JL, Avila R, Huang Y, Sharma AK, Rogers JA. Miniaturized implantable temperature sensors for the long-term monitoring of chronic intestinal inflammation. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01183-w. [PMID: 38499643 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosing and monitoring inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease, involves the use of endoscopic imaging, biopsies and serology. These infrequent tests cannot, however, identify sudden onsets and severe flare-ups to facilitate early intervention. Hence, about 70% of patients with Crohn's disease require surgical intestinal resections in their lifetime. Here we report wireless, miniaturized and implantable temperature sensors for the real-time chronic monitoring of disease progression, which we tested for nearly 4 months in a mouse model of Crohn's-disease-like ileitis. Local measurements of intestinal temperature via intraperitoneally implanted sensors held in place against abdominal muscular tissue via two sutures showed the development of ultradian rhythms at approximately 5 weeks before the visual emergence of inflammatory skip lesions. The ultradian rhythms showed correlations with variations in the concentrations of stress hormones and inflammatory cytokines in blood. Decreasing average temperatures over the span of approximately 23 weeks were accompanied by an increasing percentage of inflammatory species in ileal lesions. These miniaturized temperature sensors may aid the early treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases upon the detection of episodic flare-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi R Madhvapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Matthew I Bury
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Louis A. Simpson and Kimberly K. Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Larry W Wang
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanna L Ciatti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Raudel Avila
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Civil Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Louis A. Simpson and Kimberly K. Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Perreault M, Means J, Gerson E, James M, Cotton S, Bergeron CG, Simon M, Carlin DA, Schmidt N, Moore TC, Blasbalg J, Sondheimer N, Ndugga-Kabuye K, Denney WS, Isabella VM, Lubkowicz D, Brennan A, Hava DL. The live biotherapeutic SYNB1353 decreases plasma methionine via directed degradation in animal models and healthy volunteers. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:382-395.e10. [PMID: 38309259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Methionine is an essential proteinogenic amino acid, but its excess can lead to deleterious effects. Inborn errors of methionine metabolism resulting from loss of function in cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) cause classic homocystinuria (HCU), which is managed by a methionine-restricted diet. Synthetic biotics are gastrointestinal tract-targeted live biotherapeutics that can be engineered to replicate the benefits of dietary restriction. In this study, we assess whether SYNB1353, an E. coli Nissle 1917 derivative, impacts circulating methionine and homocysteine levels in animals and healthy volunteers. In both mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs), SYNB1353 blunts the appearance of plasma methionine and plasma homocysteine in response to an oral methionine load. A phase 1 clinical study conducted in healthy volunteers subjected to an oral methionine challenge demonstrates that SYNB1353 is well tolerated and blunts plasma methionine by 26%. Overall, SYNB1353 represents a promising approach for methionine reduction with potential utility for the treatment of HCU.
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5
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Sánchez-Sánchez R, Imhof D, Hecker YP, Ferre I, Re M, Moreno-Gonzalo J, Blanco-Murcia J, Mejías-López E, Hulverson MA, Choi R, Arnold SLM, Ojo KK, Barrett LK, Hemphill A, Van Voorhis WC, Ortega-Mora LM. An Early Treatment With BKI-1748 Exhibits Full Protection Against Abortion and Congenital Infection in Sheep Experimentally Infected With Toxoplasma gondii. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:558-566. [PMID: 37889572 PMCID: PMC10873186 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital toxoplasmosis in humans and in other mammalian species, such as small ruminants, is a well-known cause of abortion and fetal malformations. The calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1) inhibitor BKI-1748 has shown a promising safety profile for its use in humans and a good efficacy against Toxoplasma gondii infection in vitro and in mouse models. Ten doses of BKI-1748 given every other day orally in sheep at 15 mg/kg did not show systemic or pregnancy-related toxicity. In sheep experimentally infected at 90 days of pregnancy with 1000 TgShSp1 oocysts, the BKI-1748 treatment administered from 48 hours after infection led to complete protection against abortion and congenital infection. In addition, compared to infected/untreated sheep, treated sheep showed a drastically lower rectal temperature increase and none showed IgG seroconversion throughout the study. In conclusion, BKI-1748 treatment in pregnant sheep starting at 48 hours after infection was fully effective against congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dennis Imhof
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Yanina P Hecker
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS, Balcarce), INTA-CONICET, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Ferre
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michela Re
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Moreno-Gonzalo
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Murcia
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Mejías-López
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew A Hulverson
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan Choi
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Samuel L M Arnold
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kayode K Ojo
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynn K Barrett
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Wesley C Van Voorhis
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Gurbatri CR, Radford GA, Vrbanac L, Im J, Thomas EM, Coker C, Taylor SR, Jang Y, Sivan A, Rhee K, Saleh AA, Chien T, Zandkarimi F, Lia I, Lannagan TRM, Wang T, Wright JA, Kobayashi H, Ng JQ, Lawrence M, Sammour T, Thomas M, Lewis M, Papanicolas L, Perry J, Fitzsimmons T, Kaazan P, Lim A, Stavropoulos AM, Gouskos DA, Marker J, Ostroff C, Rogers G, Arpaia N, Worthley DL, Woods SL, Danino T. Engineering tumor-colonizing E. coli Nissle 1917 for detection and treatment of colorectal neoplasia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:646. [PMID: 38245513 PMCID: PMC10799955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered probiotics enable new opportunities to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, prevention and treatment. Here, first, we demonstrate selective colonization of colorectal adenomas after oral delivery of probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to a genetically-engineered murine model of CRC predisposition and orthotopic models of CRC. We next undertake an interventional, double-blind, dual-centre, prospective clinical trial, in which CRC patients take either placebo or EcN for two weeks prior to resection of neoplastic and adjacent normal colorectal tissue (ACTRN12619000210178). We detect enrichment of EcN in tumor samples over normal tissue from probiotic-treated patients (primary outcome of the trial). Next, we develop early CRC intervention strategies. To detect lesions, we engineer EcN to produce a small molecule, salicylate. Oral delivery of this strain results in increased levels of salicylate in the urine of adenoma-bearing mice, in comparison to healthy controls. To assess therapeutic potential, we engineer EcN to locally release a cytokine, GM-CSF, and blocking nanobodies against PD-L1 and CTLA-4 at the neoplastic site, and demonstrate that oral delivery of this strain reduces adenoma burden by ~50%. Together, these results support the use of EcN as an orally-deliverable platform to detect disease and treat CRC through the production of screening and therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice R Gurbatri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Georgette A Radford
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Laura Vrbanac
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jongwon Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Elaine M Thomas
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Courtney Coker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Samuel R Taylor
- Weill Cornell-Rockefeller-Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, NY, USA
| | - YoungUk Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Ayelet Sivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Kyu Rhee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas A Saleh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiffany Chien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Ioana Lia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Tamsin R M Lannagan
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Josephine A Wright
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jia Q Ng
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Matt Lawrence
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Tarik Sammour
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Michelle Thomas
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mark Lewis
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lito Papanicolas
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Joanne Perry
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Tracy Fitzsimmons
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Patricia Kaazan
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Amanda Lim
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Dion A Gouskos
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Julie Marker
- Cancer Voices SA, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cheri Ostroff
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Geraint Rogers
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Nicholas Arpaia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Daniel L Worthley
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Colonoscopy Clinic, Spring Hill, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan L Woods
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Tal Danino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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7
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Krause JL, Engelmann B, Schaepe SS, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Jehmlich N, Chang HD, Slanina U, Hoffman M, Lehmann J, Zenclussen AC, Herberth G, von Bergen M, Haange SB. DSS treatment does not affect murine colonic microbiota in absence of the host. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2297831. [PMID: 38165179 PMCID: PMC10763643 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2297831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising globally; however, its etiology is still not fully understood. Patient genetics, immune system, and intestinal microbiota are considered critical factors contributing to IBD. Preclinical animal models are crucial to better understand the importance of individual contributing factors. Among these, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model is the most widely used. DSS treatment induces gut inflammation and dysbiosis. However, its exact mode of action remains unclear. To determine whether DSS treatment induces pathogenic changes in the microbiota, we investigated the microbiota-modulating effects of DSS on murine microbiota in vitro. For this purpose, we cultured murine microbiota from the colon in six replicate continuous bioreactors. Three bioreactors were supplemented with 1% DSS and compared with the remaining PBS-treated control bioreactors by means of microbiota taxonomy and functionality. Using metaproteomics, we did not identify significant changes in microbial taxonomy, either at the phylum or genus levels. No differences in the metabolic pathways were observed. Furthermore, the global metabolome and targeted short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) quantification did not reveal any DSS-related changes. DSS had negligible effects on microbial functionality and taxonomy in vitro in the absence of the host environment. Our results underline that the DSS colitis mouse model is a suitable model to study host-microbiota interactions, which may help to understand how intestinal inflammation modulates the microbiota at the taxonomic and functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannike Lea Krause
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute – DRFZ, Schwiete laboratory for microbiota and inflammation, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Serena Schaepe
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, a Leibniz Institute – DRFZ, Schwiete laboratory for microbiota and inflammation, Berlin, Germany
- Chair of Cytometry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulla Slanina
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-mediated Diseases – CIMD, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximillian Hoffman
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-mediated Diseases – CIMD, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-mediated Diseases – CIMD, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology – IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Che X, Yang C, Pan L, Gu D, Dai G, Shu J, Yang L. Achieving safe and high-performance gastrointestinal tract spectral CT imaging with small-molecule lanthanide complex. Biomater Res 2023; 27:119. [PMID: 37990349 PMCID: PMC10664581 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-intrusive imaging of gastrointestinal (GI) tract using computed tomography (CT) contrast agents is of the most significant issues in the diagnosis and treatment of GI diseases. Moreover, spectral CT, which can generate monochromatic images to display the X-ray attenuation characteristics of contrast agents, provides a better imaging sensitivity for diagnose inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than convention CT imaging. METHODS Herein, a convenient and one-pot synthesis method is provided for the fabrication of small-molecule lanthanide complex Holmium-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (Ho-DOTA) as a biosafe and high-performance spectral CT contrast agent for GI imaging with IBD. In vivo CT imaging was administered with both healthy mice and colitis mice induced by dextran sodium sulfate. RESULTS We found that Ho-DOTA accumulated in inflammation sites of large intestines and produced high CT contrast compared with healthy mice. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental results also showed that Ho-DOTA provided much more diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy due to the excellent X-ray attenuation characteristics of Ho-DOTA compared with clinical iodinate agent. Furthermore, the proposed contrast media could be timely excreted from the body via the urinary and digestive system, keeping away from the potential side effects due to long-term retention in vivo. CONCLUSION Accordingly, Ho-DOTA with excellent biocompatibility can be useful as a potential high-performance spectral CT contrast agent for further clinical imaging of gastrointestinal tract and diagnosis of intestinal system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Che
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Pan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Didi Gu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guidong Dai
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Shu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Schmid R, Volcic M, Fischer S, Qu Z, Barth H, Popat A, Kirchhoff F, Lindén M. Surface functionalization affects the retention and bio-distribution of orally administered mesoporous silica nanoparticles in a colitis mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20175. [PMID: 37978264 PMCID: PMC10656483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the many advantages of oral drug administration, challenges like premature drug degradation and limited bioavailability in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) remain. A prolonged residence time in the GIT is beneficial for enhancing the therapeutic outcome when treating diseases associated with an increased intestinal clearance rate, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we synthesized rod-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or hyaluronic acid (HA) and investigated their bio-distribution upon oral administration in vivo. The negatively charged, non-toxic particles showed different accumulation behavior over time in healthy mice and in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation. PEGylated particles were shown to accumulate in the lower intestinal tract of healthy animals, whereas inflammation promoted retention of HA-functionalized particles in this area. Overall systemic absorption was low. However, some particles were detected in organs of mice with DSS-induced colitis, especially in the case of MSN-PEG. The in vivo findings were connected to surface chemistry-related differences in particle adhesion on Caco-2/Raji and mucus-producing Caco-2/Raji/HT29 cell co-culture epithelial models in vitro. While the particle adhesion behavior in vivo was mirrored in the in vitro results, this was not the case for the resorption results, suggesting that the in vitro model does not fully reflect the erosion of the inflamed epithelial tissue. Overall, our study demonstrates the possibility to modulate accumulation and retention of MSNs in the GIT of mice with and without inflammation through surface functionalization, which has important implications for the formulation of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for oral delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Schmid
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meta Volcic
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Fischer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, and Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhi Qu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, and Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mika Lindén
- Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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10
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Bahar Halpern K, Korem Kohanim Y, Biram A, Harnik Y, Egozi A, Yakubovsky O, Shulman Z, Itzkovitz S. The cellular states and fates of shed intestinal cells. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1858-1869. [PMID: 37857731 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is replaced every few days1. Enterocytes are shed into the gut lumen predominantly from the tips of villi2,3 and have been believed to rapidly die upon their dissociation from the tissue4,5. However, technical limitations prohibited studying the cellular states and fates of shed intestinal cells. Here we show that shed epithelial cells remain viable and upregulate distinct anti-microbial programmes upon shedding, using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of male mouse intestinal faecal washes. We further identify abundant shedding of immune cells, which is elevated in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. We find that faecal host transcriptomics reflect changes in the intestinal tissue following perturbations. Our study suggests potential functions of shed cells in the intestinal lumen and demonstrates that host cell transcriptomes in intestinal washes can be used to probe tissue states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Yael Korem Kohanim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adi Biram
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yotam Harnik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Egozi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oran Yakubovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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11
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Oyanna VO, Garcia-Torres KY, Bechtold BJ, Lynch KD, Call MR, Horváth M, Manwill PK, Graf TN, Cech NB, Oberlies NH, Paine MF, Clarke JD. Goldenseal-Mediated Inhibition of Intestinal Uptake Transporters Decreases Metformin Systemic Exposure in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1483-1489. [PMID: 37562957 PMCID: PMC10586506 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Goldenseal is a perennial plant native to eastern North America. A recent clinical study reported goldenseal decreased metformin Cmax and area under the blood concentration versus time curve (AUC) by 27% and 23%, respectively, but half-life and renal clearance were unchanged. These observations suggested goldenseal altered processes involved in metformin absorption. The underlying mechanism(s) remain(s) unknown. One mechanism for the decreased metformin systemic exposure is inhibition by goldenseal of intestinal uptake transporters involved in metformin absorption. Goldenseal extract and three goldenseal alkaloids (berberine, (-)-β-hydrastine, hydrastinine) were tested as inhibitors of organic cation transporter (OCT) 3, plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), and thiamine transporter (THTR) 2 using human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing each transporter. The goldenseal extract, normalized to berberine content, was the strongest inhibitor of each transporter (IC50: 4.9, 13.1, and 5.8 μM for OCT3, PMAT, and THTR2, respectively). A pharmacokinetic study in mice compared the effects of berberine, (-)-β-hydrastine, goldenseal extract, and imatinib (OCT inhibitor) on orally administered metformin. Goldenseal extract and imatinib significantly decreased metformin Cmax by 31% and 25%, respectively, and had no effect on half-life. Berberine and (-)-β-hydrastine had no effect on metformin pharmacokinetics, indicating neither alkaloid alone precipitated the interaction in vivo. A follow-up murine study involving intravenous metformin and oral inhibitors examined the contributions of basolateral enteric/hepatic uptake transporters to the goldenseal-metformin interaction. Goldenseal extract and imatinib had no effect on metformin AUC and half-life, suggesting lack of inhibition of basolateral enteric/hepatic uptake transporters. Results may have implications for patients taking goldenseal with drugs that are substrates for OCT3 and THTR2. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Goldenseal is used to self-treat respiratory infections and digestive disorders. We investigated potential mechanisms for the clinical pharmacokinetic interaction observed between goldenseal and metformin, specifically inhibition by goldenseal of intestinal uptake transporters (OCT3, PMAT, THTR2) involved in metformin absorption. Goldenseal extract inhibited all three transporters in vitro and decreased metformin systemic exposure in mice. These data may have broader implications for patients co-consuming goldenseal with other drugs that are substrates for these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria O Oyanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Kenisha Y Garcia-Torres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Baron J Bechtold
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Katherine D Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - M Ridge Call
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Miklós Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Preston K Manwill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Tyler N Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Mary F Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
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12
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Miller AP, Hornero-Méndez D, Bandara S, Parra-Rivero O, Limón MC, von Lintig J, Avalos J, Amengual J. Bioavailability and provitamin A activity of neurosporaxanthin in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1068. [PMID: 37864015 PMCID: PMC10589281 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Various species of ascomycete fungi synthesize the carboxylic carotenoid neurosporaxanthin. The unique chemical structure of this xanthophyll reveals that: (1) Its carboxylic end and shorter length increase the polarity of neurosporaxanthin in comparison to other carotenoids, and (2) it contains an unsubstituted β-ionone ring, conferring the potential to form vitamin A. Previously, neurosporaxanthin production was optimized in Fusarium fujikuroi, which allowed us to characterize its antioxidant properties in in vitro assays. In this study, we assessed the bioavailability of neurosporaxanthin compared to other provitamin A carotenoids in mice and examined whether it can be cleaved by the two carotenoid-cleaving enzymes: β-carotene-oxygenase 1 (BCO1) and 2 (BCO2). Using Bco1-/-Bco2-/- mice, we report that neurosporaxanthin displays greater bioavailability than β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, as evidenced by higher accumulation and decreased fecal elimination. Enzymatic assays with purified BCO1 and BCO2, together with feeding studies in wild-type, Bco1-/-, Bco2-/-, and Bco1-/-Bco2-/- mice, revealed that neurosporaxanthin is a substrate for either carotenoid-cleaving enzyme. Wild-type mice fed neurosporaxanthin displayed comparable amounts of vitamin A to those fed β-carotene. Together, our study unveils neurosporaxanthin as a highly bioavailable fungal carotenoid with provitamin A activity, highlighting its potential as a novel food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Miller
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Sepalika Bandara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Obdulia Parra-Rivero
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - M Carmen Limón
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Javier Avalos
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Jaume Amengual
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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13
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Ghassemi M, Akhavan AA, Zahraei-Ramazani A, Yakhchali B, Arandian MH, Jafari R, Akhlaghi M, Shirani-Bidabadi L, Azam K, Koosha M, Oshaghi MA. Rodents as vehicle for delivery of transgenic bacteria to make paratransgenic sand fly vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in field condition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14912. [PMID: 37689736 PMCID: PMC10492802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases, among them leishmaniasis, cause more than 700,000 deaths annually. The lack of an effective vaccination and the increasing resistance of sand flies to insecticides require the urgent development of innovative approaches to contain the disease. The use of engineered bacteria that express anti-parasite molecules (paratransgenesis) shows much promise. However, a challenge for implementation of this strategy is to devise means to introduce modified bacteria into sand flies in the field. In this study, we use rodent food bait as a delivery strategy to introduce two mCherry-fluorescent bacteria, Serratia AS1 and Enterobacter cloacae, into adult sand flies in field settings. Bacteria-infected food was provided to Rhombomys opimus rodents. These bacteria transiently pass through the rodent alimentary tract and are delivered to larval habitats with the rodent feces. The feces are ingested by sand fly larvae and, in the case of Serratia AS1, are trans-stadially transmitted to adults. This is the first report of targeting delivery of Serratia AS1 in a paratransgenic system to control transmission of leishmaniasis under field condition. This novel strategy shows promise for delivering transgenic bacteria to Leishmania vectors in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ghassemi
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bagher Yakhchali
- Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Arandian
- Isfahan Health Research Station, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Isfahan Health Research Station, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Akhlaghi
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila Shirani-Bidabadi
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Kamal Azam
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mona Koosha
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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14
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Ribeiro TA, Breznik JA, Kennedy KM, Yeo E, Kennelly BKE, Jazwiec PA, Patterson VS, Bellissimo CJ, Anhê FF, Schertzer JD, Bowdish DME, Sloboda DM. Intestinal permeability and peripheral immune cell composition are altered by pregnancy and adiposity at mid- and late-gestation in the mouse. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284972. [PMID: 37549142 PMCID: PMC10406227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is clear that the gastrointestinal tract influences metabolism and immune function. Most studies to date have used male test subjects, with a focus on effects of obesity and dietary challenges. Despite significant physiological maternal adaptations that occur across gestation, relatively few studies have examined pregnancy-related gut function. Moreover, it remains unknown how pregnancy and diet can interact to alter intestinal barrier function. In this study, we investigated the impacts of pregnancy and adiposity on maternal intestinal epithelium morphology, in vivo intestinal permeability, and peripheral blood immunophenotype, using control (CTL) and high-fat (HF) fed non-pregnant female mice and pregnant mice at mid- (embryonic day (E)14.5) and late (E18.5) gestation. We found that small intestine length increased between non-pregnant mice and dams at late-gestation, but ileum villus length, and ileum and colon crypt depths and goblet cell numbers remained similar. Compared to CTL-fed mice, HF-fed mice had reduced small intestine length, ileum crypt depth and villus length. Goblet cell numbers were only consistently reduced in HF-fed non-pregnant mice. Pregnancy increased in vivo gut permeability, with a greater effect at mid- versus late-gestation. Non-pregnant HF-fed mice had greater gut permeability, and permeability was also increased in HF-fed pregnant dams at mid but not late-gestation. The impaired maternal gut barrier in HF-fed dams at mid-gestation coincided with changes in maternal blood and bone marrow immune cell composition, including an expansion of circulating inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes. In summary, pregnancy has temporal effects on maternal intestinal structure and barrier function, and on peripheral immunophenotype, which are further modified by HF diet-induced maternal adiposity. Maternal adaptations in pregnancy are thus vulnerable to excess maternal adiposity, which may both affect maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane A. Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica A. Breznik
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine M. Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brianna K. E. Kennelly
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrycja A. Jazwiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Violet S. Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian J. Bellissimo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando F. Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn M. E. Bowdish
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah M. Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Damissie G, Tolessa K, Hymete A, Tadesse S. Antidiarrheal coumarins from Psydrax schimperianus (A. Rich.) Bridson roots. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116705. [PMID: 37301303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psydrax schimperianus (A. Rich.) Bridson. roots are used for the treatment of diarrhea in West Arsi zone, Ethiopia. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the in vivo antidiarrheal activity of crude extract and coumarins isolated from the roots of Psydrax schimperianus to provide a pharmacological basis for its traditional use as an antidiarrheal agent in Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude root extract of P. schimperianus was tested for in vivo antidiarrheal efficacy in mice utilizing castor oil-induced diarrhea, gastrointestinal transit time, and enteropooling models at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Phytochemical investigation of the crude root extract led to the isolation of two coumarins, isoscopoletin, and scoparone. Isoscopoletin and scoparone were evaluated for antidiarrheal activity against castor oil-induced diarrhea model at 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg doses. RESULTS The crude root extract of P. schimperianus, at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, inhibited defecation by 37.5%, 46.2%, and 61.2%, respectively. At a dose of 20 mg/kg, scoparone and isoscopoletin reduced defecation by 61.2% and 66.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION The study warrants continued investigation of isoscopoletin and scoparone towards development as a novel treatment for diarrheal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun Damissie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia.
| | - Ketema Tolessa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Ariaya Hymete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Solomon Tadesse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, 83209, USA.
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16
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Meier KHU, Trouillon J, Li H, Lang M, Fuhrer T, Zamboni N, Sunagawa S, Macpherson AJ, Sauer U. Metabolic landscape of the male mouse gut identifies different niches determined by microbial activities. Nat Metab 2023:10.1038/s42255-023-00802-1. [PMID: 37217759 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Distinct niches of the mammalian gut are populated by diverse microbiota, but the contribution of spatial variation to intestinal metabolism remains unclear. Here we present a map of the longitudinal metabolome along the gut of healthy colonized and germ-free male mice. With this map, we reveal a general shift from amino acids in the small intestine to organic acids, vitamins and nucleotides in the large intestine. We compare the metabolic landscapes in colonized versus germ-free mice to disentangle the origin of many metabolites in different niches, which in some cases allows us to infer the underlying processes or identify the producing species. Beyond the known impact of diet on the small intestinal metabolic niche, distinct spatial patterns suggest specific microbial influence on the metabolome in the small intestine. Thus, we present a map of intestinal metabolism and identify metabolite-microbe associations, which provide a basis to connect the spatial occurrence of bioactive compounds to host or microorganism metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin H U Meier
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Trouillon
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hai Li
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Lang
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Fuhrer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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17
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Hasan MN, Chen J, Wang H, Du Y, Clayton YD, Gu L, Li T. Glycine-β-Muricholic Acid Improves Liver Fibrosis and Gut Barrier Function by Reducing Bile Acid Pool Size and Hydrophobicity in Male Cyp2c70 Knockout Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1371. [PMID: 37408204 PMCID: PMC10216635 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyp2c70 knockout mice lack the enzyme that produces muricholic acids and show a "human-like" hydrophobic bile acid pool-induced hepatobiliary injury. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-cholestasis effect of glycine-conjugated β muricholic acid (G-β-MCA) in male Cyp2c70 KO mice based on its hydrophilic physiochemical property and signaling property as an farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist. Our results showed that G-β-MCA treatment for 5 weeks alleviated ductular reaction and liver fibrosis and improved gut barrier function. Analysis of bile acid metabolism suggested that exogenously administered G-β-MCA was poorly absorbed in the small intestine and mostly deconjugated in the large intestine and converted to taurine-conjugated MCA (T-MCA) in the liver, leading to T-MCA enrichment in the bile and small intestine. These changes decreased the biliary and intestine bile acid hydrophobicity index. Furthermore, G-β-MCA treatment decreased intestine bile acid absorption via unknown mechanisms, resulting in increased fecal bile acid excretion and a reduction in total bile acid pool size. In conclusion, G-β-MCA treatment reduces the bile acid pool size and hydrophobicity and improves liver fibrosis and gut barrier function in Cyp2c70 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazmul Hasan
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Huaiwen Wang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Cytometry Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yanhong Du
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yung Dai Clayton
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lijie Gu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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18
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Navarro-Castilla Á, Hernández MC, Barja I. An Experimental Study in Wild Wood Mice Testing Elemental and Isotope Analysis in Faeces to Determine Variations in Food Intake Amount. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071176. [PMID: 37048432 PMCID: PMC10093285 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of carbon and nitrogen elemental (C, N) and isotopic compositions (δ13C, δ15N) in faeces are considered reliable methodologies for the study of diet in wildlife. Here, we tested the suitability of these techniques to detect variations in the amount of food intake. We captured wild wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) with Sherman live traps where bait access was initially free, and later it was experimentally limited inside by four different devices to cause intended variations in the amount ingested. The total C and N (%) and stable δ13C and δ15N isotopic values were determined for the bait and in mice faecal samples. Faecal values were lower than bait ones except for N, likely due to animal matter ingested before capture. No significant differences in total C, N and δ13C were found due to individual traits. However, breeding males showed higher δ15N values than breeding females, probably due to differences in energy and protein demands between both sexes during the breeding season. Only δ13C detected food intake variations (≥2 g). Despite further research being needed, these results initially support the potential of δ13C to provide information on the amount ingested, thus being useful to complement trophic ecology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Navarro-Castilla
- Eco- and Ethophysiology Lab, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C. Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - M. Carmen Hernández
- Eco- and Ethophysiology Lab, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Barja
- Eco- and Ethophysiology Lab, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C. Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Yang X, Tripathi R, Wang M, Lu W, Anifowose A, Tan C, Wang B. Toward "CO in a Pill": Silica-Immobilized Organic CO Prodrugs for Studying the Feasibility of Systemic Delivery of CO via In Situ Gastrointestinal CO Release. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1850-1856. [PMID: 36802675 PMCID: PMC9997063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), an endogenous signaling molecule, is known to exert a range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammation, organ protection, and antimetastasis in various animal models. We have previously shown the ability of organic prodrugs to deliver CO systemically through oral administration. As part of our efforts for the further development of these prodrugs, we are interested in minimizing the potential negative impact of the "carrier" portion of the prodrug. Along this line, we have previously published our work on using benign "carriers" and physically trapping the "carrier" portion in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We herein report our feasibility studies on using immobilized organic CO prodrugs for oral CO delivery while minimizing systemic exposure to the prodrug and the "carrier portion." In doing so, we immobilize a CO prodrug to silica microparticles, which are generally recognized as safe by the US FDA and known to provide large surface areas for loading and water accessibility. The latter point is essential for the hydrophobicity-driven activation of the CO prodrug. Amidation-based conjugation with silica is shown to provide 0.2 mmol/g loading degree, effective prodrug activation in buffer with comparable kinetics as the parent prodrug, and stable tethering to prevent detachment. One representative silica conjugate, SICO-101, is shown to exhibit anti-inflammation activity in LPS-challenged RAW264.7 cells and to deliver CO systemically in mice through oral administration and GI CO release. We envision this strategy as a general approach for oral CO delivery to treat systemic and GI-specific inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ravi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Minjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Abiodun Anifowose
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38613, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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20
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The effects of gallic acid and vagotomy on motor function, intestinal transit, brain electrophysiology and oxidative stress alterations in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by rotenone. Life Sci 2023; 315:121356. [PMID: 36621537 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex and affects multiple systems of the body beyond the central nervous system. This study examined the effects of gallic acid (GA) and gastrointestinal vagotomy (VG) on motor, cognitive, intestinal transit time, and thalamic nuclei electrical power in an animal model of PD induced by rotenone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Sham, ROT, ROT+GA, VG + ROT. Sham rats received vehicle, those in ROT received rotenone (5 mg/kg/2 ml, ig), PD rats in ROT+GA were treated with GA (100 mg/kg, gavage/once daily, for 28 days), and in VG + ROT, the vagal nerve was dissected. Stride length, motor coordination and locomotion, intestinal transit time, cognitive and pain threshold, and thalamic local EEG were evaluated. Oxidative stress indexes in striatal tissue were also measured. RESULTS Rotenone diminished significantly the stride length (p < 0.001), motor coordination (p < 0.001), power of thalamic EEG (p < 0.01) and pain (p < 0.001). MDA increased significantly (p < 0.001) while GPx activity decreased (p < 0.001). Intestinal transit time rose significantly (p < 0.01). PD rats treated with GA improved all above disorders (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). Vagotomy prevented significant alterations of motor and non-motor parameters by rotenone. CONCLUSION According to current findings, rotenone acts as a toxin in GI and plays a role in the pathogenesis of PD through gastric vagal nerve. Thus, vagotomy could prevent the severity of toxicity by rotenone. In addition, GA improved symptoms of PD induced by rotenone. Therefore, GA can be regarded as a promising therapeutic candidate for PD patients.
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21
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Combating lead and cadmium exposure with an orally administered chitosan-based chelating polymer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2215. [PMID: 36750623 PMCID: PMC9905611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals present a threat to human health, even at minimal concentrations within the body. One source of exposure is due to the consumption of low-level contaminated foodstuff and water. Lead and cadmium have been shown to be absorbed by and accumulate within organs like the kidneys and liver, and they have also been associated to many diseases including cardiovascular disease and kidney dysfunction as well as developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Since this contamination of lead and cadmium is found worldwide, limiting the exposure is complicated and novel strategies are required to prevent the absorption and accumulation of these metals by forcing their elimination. In this study, a DOTAGA-functionalized chitosan polymer is evaluated for this preventative strategy. It shows promising results when orally administered in mice to force the elimination and negate the toxic effects of lead and cadmium found within foodstuff.
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22
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Hasan MN, Chen J, Matye D, Wang H, Luo W, Gu L, Clayton YD, Du Y, Li T. Combining ASBT inhibitor and FGF15 treatments enhances therapeutic efficacy against cholangiopathy in female but not male Cyp2c70 KO mice. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100340. [PMID: 36737039 PMCID: PMC9986646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic reduction of hydrophobic bile acids exposure is considered beneficial in cholestasis. The Cyp2c70 KO mice lack hydrophilic muricholic acids and have a human-like hydrophobic bile acid pool resulting in hepatobiliary injury. This study investigates if combining an apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibitor GSK2330672 (GSK) and fibroblast growth factor-15 (FGF15) overexpression, via simultaneous inhibition of bile acid synthesis and gut bile acid uptake, achieves enhanced therapeutic efficacy in alleviating hepatobiliary injury in Cyp2c70 KO mice. The effects of GSK, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-FGF15, and the combined treatment on bile acid metabolism and cholangiopathy were compared in Cyp2c70 KO mice. In female Cyp2c70 KO mice with more severe cholangiopathy than male Cyp2c70 KO mice, the combined treatment was more effective in reversing portal inflammation, ductular reaction, and fibrosis than AAV-FGF15, while GSK was largely ineffective. The combined treatment reduced bile acid pool by ∼80% compared to ∼50% reduction by GSK or AAV-FGF15, and enriched tauro-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid in the bile. Interestingly, the male Cyp2c70 KO mice treated with AAV-FGF15 or GSK showed attenuated cholangiopathy and portal fibrosis but the combined treatment was ineffective despite reducing bile acid pool. Both male and female Cyp2c70 KO mice showed impaired gut barrier integrity. AAV-FGF15 and the combined treatment, but not GSK, reduced gut exposure to lithocholic acid and improved gut barrier function. In conclusion, the combined treatment improved therapeutic efficacy against cholangiopathy than either single treatment in the female but not male Cyp2c70 KO mice by reducing bile acid pool size and hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazmul Hasan
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David Matye
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Huaiwen Wang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Cytometry Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lijie Gu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yung Dai Clayton
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yanhong Du
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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23
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Saud KT, Xu J, Wilkanowicz S, He Y, Moon JJ, Solomon MJ. Electrosprayed microparticles from inulin and poly(vinyl) alcohol for colon targeted delivery of prebiotics. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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24
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Yilmaz B, Fuhrer T, Morgenthaler D, Krupka N, Wang D, Spari D, Candinas D, Misselwitz B, Beldi G, Sauer U, Macpherson AJ. Plasticity of the adult human small intestinal stoma microbiota. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1773-1787.e6. [PMID: 36318918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The human distal small intestine (ileum) has a distinct microbiota, but human studies investigating its composition and function have been limited by the inaccessibility of the ileum without purging and/or deep intubation. We investigated inherent instability, temporal dynamics, and the contribution of fed and fasted states using stoma samples from cured colorectal cancer patients as a non-invasive access route to the otherwise inaccessible small and large intestines. Sequential sampling of the ileum before and after stoma formation indicated that ileostoma microbiotas represented that of the intact small intestine. Ileal and colonic stoma microbiotas were confirmed as distinct, and two types of instability in ileal host-microbial relationships were observed: inter-digestive purging followed by the rapid postprandial blooming of bacterial biomass and sub-strain appearance and disappearance within individual taxa after feeding. In contrast to the relative stability of colonic microbiota, the human small intestinal microbiota biomass and its sub-strain composition can be highly dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias Fuhrer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Morgenthaler
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niklas Krupka
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daoming Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Spari
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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25
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Lu IL, Yu TW, Liu TI, Chen HH, Yang YC, Lo CL, Wang CY, Chiu HC. Microfluidized Dextran Microgels Loaded with Cisplatin/SPION Lipid Nanotherapeutics for Local Colon Cancer Treatment via Oral Administration. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201140. [PMID: 35881562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional sequential targeted delivery system is developed as an efficient therapeutic strategy against malignant tumors with selective accumulation and minimal systemic drug absorption. The therapeutic system is comprised of microfluidized dextran microgels encapsulating cisplatin/superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)-loaded trilaurin-based lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The microgel system is imparted hierarchically dual targeting via dextran and folic acid (FA) residues, leading to increases both in retention of the microgels in colon and in cellular uptake of the therapeutic LNPs by colon cancer cells while being used for oral therapeutic delivery. Encapsulation of the therapeutic LNPs into dextran microgels attained by microfluidized crosslinking reaction reduces gastrointestinal adhesion and prevents the FA-modified LNPs from cellular transport by proton-coupled FA transporters in small intestine during their oral delivery to colon. Upon enzymatic degradation of the dextran microgels by dextranase present exclusively in colon, LNPs thus released become more recognizable and readily internalized by FA receptor-overexpressing colon cancer cells. The combined chemo/magnetothermal therapeutic effect of dual targeted lipid nanoparticle-loaded microgels from entrapped lipidized cisplatin and alternating magnetic field-treated SPIONs significantly inhibits tumor growth and suppresses metastatic peritoneal carcinomatosis in orthotopic colon cancer-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lin Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, 30071, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Te-I Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, 300195, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ya Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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26
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Impact of habitual chewing on gut motility via microbiota transition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13819. [PMID: 35970869 PMCID: PMC9378666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut environment, including the microbiota and its metabolites and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), is essential for health maintenance. It is considered that functional recovery treatment for masticatory dysphagia affects the composition of the gut microbiota, indicating that habitual mastication, depending on the hardness of the food, may affect the gut microbiota and environment. However, the impact of chronic powdered diet feeding on the colonic condition and motility remains unclear. Here, we evaluated various colonic features in mice fed with powdered diets for a long-term and a mouse model with masticatory behavior. We observed a decreased abundance of the SCFA-producing bacterial genera in the ceca of the powdered diet-fed mice. Based on the importance of SCFAs in gut immune homeostasis and motility, interestingly, powdered diet feeding also resulted in constipation-like symptoms due to mild colitis, which were ameliorated by the administration of a neutrophil-depleting agent and neutrophil elastase inhibitors. Lastly, the suppressed colonic motility in the powdered diet-fed mice was significantly improved by loading masticatory activity for 2 h. Thus, feeding habits with appropriate masticatory activity and stimulation may play a key role in providing a favorable gut environment based on interactions between the gut microbiota and host immune system.
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Molecular and in vivo studies of a glutamate-class prolyl-endopeptidase for coeliac disease therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4446. [PMID: 35915115 PMCID: PMC9343461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The digestion of gluten generates toxic peptides, among which a highly immunogenic proline-rich 33-mer from wheat α-gliadin, that trigger coeliac disease. Neprosin from the pitcher plant is a reported prolyl endopeptidase. Here, we produce recombinant neprosin and its mutants, and find that full-length neprosin is a zymogen, which is self-activated at gastric pH by the release of an all-β pro-domain via a pH-switch mechanism featuring a lysine plug. The catalytic domain is an atypical 7+8-stranded β-sandwich with an extended active-site cleft containing an unprecedented pair of catalytic glutamates. Neprosin efficiently degrades both gliadin and the 33-mer in vitro under gastric conditions and is reversibly inactivated at pH > 5. Moreover, co-administration of gliadin and the neprosin zymogen at the ratio 500:1 reduces the abundance of the 33-mer in the small intestine of mice by up to 90%. Neprosin therefore founds a family of eukaryotic glutamate endopeptidases that fulfils requisites for a therapeutic glutenase. Celiac disease is characterized by intolerance to gluten, a cereal protein. Here, the authors show that neprosin, a glutamate peptidase from the pitcher plant, efficiently cleaves gluten components under physiological conditions in vitro and in the gut of mice.
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A tissue-like neurotransmitter sensor for the brain and gut. Nature 2022; 606:94-101. [PMID: 35650358 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters play essential roles in regulating neural circuit dynamics both in the central nervous system as well as at the peripheral, including the gastrointestinal tract1-3. Their real-time monitoring will offer critical information for understanding neural function and diagnosing disease1-3. However, bioelectronic tools to monitor the dynamics of neurotransmitters in vivo, especially in the enteric nervous systems, are underdeveloped. This is mainly owing to the limited availability of biosensing tools that are capable of examining soft, complex and actively moving organs. Here we introduce a tissue-mimicking, stretchable, neurochemical biological interface termed NeuroString, which is prepared by laser patterning of a metal-complexed polyimide into an interconnected graphene/nanoparticle network embedded in an elastomer. NeuroString sensors allow chronic in vivo real-time, multichannel and multiplexed monoamine sensing in the brain of behaving mouse, as well as measuring serotonin dynamics in the gut without undesired stimulations and perturbing peristaltic movements. The described elastic and conformable biosensing interface has broad potential for studying the impact of neurotransmitters on gut microbes, brain-gut communication and may ultimately be extended to biomolecular sensing in other soft organs across the body.
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Gruber KA, Ji RL, Gallazzi F, Jiang S, Van Doren SR, Tao YX, Newton Northup J. Development of a Therapeutic Peptide for Cachexia Suggests a Platform Approach for Drug-like Peptides. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:344-361. [PMID: 35592439 PMCID: PMC9112415 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the development of a melanocortin (MC) peptide drug to treat the condition of cachexia (a hypermetabolic state producing lean body mass wasting), we were confronted with the need for peptide transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB): the MC-4 receptors (MC4Rs) for metabolic rate control are located in the hypothalamus, i.e., behind the BBB. Using the term "peptides with BBB transport", we screened the medical literature like a peptide library. This revealed numerous "hits"-peptides with BBB transport and/or oral activity. We noted several features common to most peptides in this class, including a dipeptide sequence of nonpolar residues, primary structure cyclization (whole or partial), and a Pro-aromatic motif usually within the cyclized region. Based on this, we designed an MC4R antagonist peptide, TCMCB07, that successfully treated many forms of cachexia. As part of our pharmacokinetic characterization of TCMCB07, we discovered that hepatobiliary extraction from blood accounted for a majority of the circulating peptide's excretion. Further screening of the literature revealed that TCMCB07 is a member of a long-forgotten peptide class, showing active transport by a multi-specific bile salt carrier. Bile salt transport peptides have predictable pharmacokinetics, including BBB transport, but rapid hepatic clearance inhibited their development as drugs. TCMCB07 shares the general characteristics of the bile salt peptide class but with a much longer half-life of hours, not minutes. A change in its C-terminal amino acid sequence slows hepatic clearance. This modification is transferable to other peptides in this class, suggesting a platform approach for producing drug-like peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Gruber
- John M. Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,Tensive Controls, Inc., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ren-Lai Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Fabio Gallazzi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Interaction Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Shaokai Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and NMR Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven R Van Doren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States`
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Yang K, Wang X, Huang R, Wang H, Lan P, Zhao Y. Prebiotics and Postbiotics Synergistic Delivery Microcapsules from Microfluidics for Treating Colitis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104089. [PMID: 35403829 PMCID: PMC9165482 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of gut microbiota by bacterial metabolites has shown protective effects against colitis; while the efficacy is strictly limited by the poor oral delivery efficiency and single drug usage. Here, a novel prebiotics and postbiotics synergistic delivery microcapsule composed of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) postbiotic and three prebiotics including alginate sodium, resistant starch (RS), and chitosan via microfluidic electrospray for preventing and treating colitis are proposed. It is found that oral administration of IPA microcapsules (IPA@MC) to mice can exert significant protective effects to colitis, suggesting the therapeutic synergy between prebiotics and postbiotics. Furthermore, the mechanism of the IPA@MC is revealed in modulating the gut microbiota, that is by significantly increasing the overall richness and abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia. These results indicate that the prebiotics and postbiotics synergistic delivery microcapsules are ideal candidates for treating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Yang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryGuangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Biomedical Material Conversion and Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong ProvinceInstitute of Biomedical Innovation and Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and BiomaterialsThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain Health)Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325001China
| | - Rongkang Huang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryGuangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
- Biomedical Material Conversion and Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong ProvinceInstitute of Biomedical Innovation and Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and BiomaterialsThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryGuangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
- Biomedical Material Conversion and Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong ProvinceInstitute of Biomedical Innovation and Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and BiomaterialsThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryGuangdong Institute of GastroenterologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
- Biomedical Material Conversion and Evaluation Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong ProvinceInstitute of Biomedical Innovation and Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and BiomaterialsThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510655China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative MedicineVision and Brain Health)Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang325001China
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Foundations of gastrointestinal-based drug delivery and future developments. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:219-238. [PMID: 34785786 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal-based drug delivery is considered the preferred mode of drug administration owing to its convenience for patients, which improves adherence. However, unique characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract (such as the digestive environment and constraints on transport across the gastrointestinal mucosa) limit the absorption of drugs. As a result, many medications, in particular biologics, still exist only or predominantly in injectable form. In this Review, we examine the fundamentals of gastrointestinal drug delivery to inform clinicians and pharmaceutical scientists. We discuss general principles, including the challenges that need to be overcome for successful drug formulation, and describe the unique features to consider for each gastrointestinal compartment when designing drug formulations for topical and systemic applications. We then discuss emerging technologies that seek to address remaining obstacles to successful gastrointestinal-based drug delivery.
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32
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Besada C, Hakami A, Pillai G, Yetsko K, Truong N, Little T, Pantano S, Dmello A. Preformulation studies with phenylalanine ammonia lyase: essential prelude to a microcapsule formulation for the management of phenylketonuria. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1857-1867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Weinstein SB, Dearing MD. Harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis) consume monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus). Ecology 2022; 103:e3607. [PMID: 34897687 PMCID: PMC8959390 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112,Corresponding author.
| | - M. Denise Dearing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112
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A Computational Model of Bacterial Population Dynamics in Gastrointestinal Yersinia enterocolitica Infections in Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020297. [PMID: 35205164 PMCID: PMC8869254 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Computational modeling of bacterial infection is an attractive way to simulate infection scenarios. In the long-term, such models could be used to identify factors that make individuals more susceptible to infection, or how interference with bacterial growth influences the course of bacterial infection. This study used different mouse infection models (immunocompetent, lacking a microbiota, and immunodeficient models) to develop a basic mathematical model of a Yersinia enterocolitica gastrointestinal infection. We showed that our model can reflect our findings derived from mouse infections, and we demonstrated how crucial the exact knowledge about parameters influencing the population dynamics is. Still, we think that computational models will be of great value in the future; however, to foster the development of more complex models, we propose the broad implementation of the interdisciplinary training of mathematicians and biologists. Abstract The complex interplay of a pathogen with its virulence and fitness factors, the host’s immune response, and the endogenous microbiome determine the course and outcome of gastrointestinal infection. The expansion of a pathogen within the gastrointestinal tract implies an increased risk of developing severe systemic infections, especially in dysbiotic or immunocompromised individuals. We developed a mechanistic computational model that calculates and simulates such scenarios, based on an ordinary differential equation system, to explain the bacterial population dynamics during gastrointestinal infection. For implementing the model and estimating its parameters, oral mouse infection experiments with the enteropathogen, Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye), were carried out. Our model accounts for specific pathogen characteristics and is intended to reflect scenarios where colonization resistance, mediated by the endogenous microbiome, is lacking, or where the immune response is partially impaired. Fitting our data from experimental mouse infections, we can justify our model setup and deduce cues for further model improvement. The model is freely available, in SBML format, from the BioModels Database under the accession number MODEL2002070001.
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35
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Malo ME, Frank C, Khokhoev E, Gorbunov A, Dontsov A, Garg R, Dadachova E. Mitigating effects of sublethal and lethal whole-body gamma irradiation in a mouse model with soluble melanin. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:011508. [PMID: 35037901 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac3dcf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The field of radiation countermeasures is growing, however, currently there are no effective and non-toxic compounds which could be administered orally to the individuals post exposure to high doses of ionising radiation. The pigment melanin is ubiquitous through all kingdoms of life and provides selective advantage under radiation stress through its role as a chemical and physical shield, and its capacity to respond and react to exposures. Soluble allomelanin was administered to mice following whole-body exposure to lethal or sublethal doses of gamma radiation to determine its capacity to mitigate the effects of acute radiation syndrome, and its utility as a radiation countermeasure. Allomelanin has shown a trend to improve survival post an 8 Gy sublethal radiation exposure when administered up to 48 h post-irradiation. Furthermore, it improved median and overall survival to a 10 Gy lethal radiation exposure, specifically when administered at 24 h post-irradiation. Histological analysis on the jejunum region of the small intestine of this treatment group indicated that alterations of the mucosal and submucosal architecture, and disruption of the lymphatic system associated with lethal radiation exposure were mitigated when allomelanin was administered at 24 h post-irradiation. Based on this work soluble allomelanin derived from a fungal source could serve as an easily sourced, cost-effective, and viable countermeasure to accidental radiation exposure and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E Malo
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Connor Frank
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | | | - Alexander Dontsov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ravendra Garg
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Kamakura R, Raza GS, Mäkilä E, Riikonen J, Kovalainen M, Ueta Y, Lehto VP, Salonen J, Herzig KH. Colonic Delivery of α-Linolenic Acid by an Advanced Nutrient Delivery System Prolongs Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion and Inhibits Food Intake in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100978. [PMID: 34882959 PMCID: PMC9285029 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Scope Nutrients stimulate the secretion of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), an incretin hormone, secreted from enteroendocrine L‐cells which decreases food intake. Thus, GLP‐1 analogs are approved for the treatment of obesity, yet cost and side effects limit their use. L‐cells are mainly localized in the distal ileum and colon, which hinders the utilization of nutrients targeting GLP‐1 secretion. This study proposes a controlled delivery system for nutrients, inducing a prolonged endogenous GLP‐1 release which results in a decrease food intake. Methods and Results α‐Linolenic acid (αLA) was loaded into thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon (THCPSi) particles. In vitro characterization and in vivo effects of αLA loaded particles on GLP‐1 secretion and food intake were studied in mice. A total of 40.4 ± 3.2% of loaded αLA is released from particles into biorelevant buffer over 24 h, and αLA loaded THCPSi significantly increased in vitro GLP‐1 secretion. Single‐dose orally given αLA loaded mesoporous particles increased plasma active GLP‐1 levels at 3 and 4 h and significantly reduced the area under the curve of 24 h food intake in mice. Conclusions αLA loaded THCPSi particles could be used to endogenously stimulate sustain gastrointestinal hormone release and reduce food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Kamakura
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland
| | - Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Joakim Riikonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Miia Kovalainen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90220, Finland.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Institute, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-572, Poland
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37
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Mamai M, Giasafaki D, Salvanou EA, Charalambopoulou G, Steriotis T, Bouziotis P. Biodistribution of Mesoporous Carbon Nanoparticles via Technetium-99m Radiolabelling after Oral Administration to Mice. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3260. [PMID: 34947611 PMCID: PMC8703805 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of ordered mesoporous matrices, and in particular carbon-based mesoporous nanoparticles has shown great potential towards enhancing the bioavailability of orally administered drugs. Nevertheless, elucidation of the in vivo absorption, distribution, and excretion of such carriers is essential for understanding their behaviour, and radiolabelling provides a very useful way to track their occurrence inside the body. In this work, uniform spherical CMK-1-type ordered mesoporous carbon nanoparticles have been radiolabelled with Technetium-99m (99mTc) and traced after oral administration to mice. Ex vivo biodistribution studies showed that the radiolabelled nanoparticles accumulated almost exclusively in the gastrointestinal tract; complete elimination of the radiotracer was observed within 24 h after administration, with practically no uptake into other main organs. These findings along with the results from in vitro stability studies indicate that the spherical carbon nanoparticles examined could be safely used as drug carriers with minimal side effects, but also support the great value of radiolabelling methods for monitoring the particles' behaviour in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mamai
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (E.-A.S.)
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Dimitra Giasafaki
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Evangelia-Alexandra Salvanou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (E.-A.S.)
| | - Georgia Charalambopoulou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (E.-A.S.)
| | - Theodore Steriotis
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (M.M.); (E.-A.S.)
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Evaluation of hypoglycemic effect, safety and immunomodulation of Prevotella copri in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21279. [PMID: 34711895 PMCID: PMC8553810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut bacterium Prevotella copri (P. copri) has been shown to lower blood glucose levels in mice as well as in healthy humans, and is a promising candidate for a next generation probiotic aiming at prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study the hypoglycemic effect of live P. copri was confirmed in mice and pasteurization of P. copri was shown to further enhance its capacity to improve glucose tolerance. The safety of live and pasteurized P. copri was evaluated by a 29-day oral toxicity study in mice. P. copri did not induce any adverse effects on body growth. General examination of the mice, gross pathological and histological analysis showed no abnormalities of the vital organs. Though relative liver weights were lower in the pasteurized (4.574 g ± 0.096) and live (4.347 g ± 0.197) P. copri fed groups than in the control mice (5.005 g ± 0.103) (p = 0.0441 and p = 0.0147 respectively), no liver biochemical marker aberrations were detected. Creatinine serum levels were significantly lower in mice fed with live (p = 0.001) but not pasteurized (p = 0.163) P. copri compared to those of control mice. Haematological parameter analysis and low plasma Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP) levels ruled out systemic infection and inflammation. Immunomodulation capacity by P. copri as determined by blood plasma cytokine analysis was limited and gut colonisation occurred in only one of the 10 mice tested. Taken together, no major adverse effects were detected in P. copri treated groups compared to controls.
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Li S, Yakabe K, Zai K, Liu Y, Kishimura A, Hase K, Kim YG, Mori T, Katayama Y. Specific adsorption of a β-lactam antibiotic in vivo by an anion-exchange resin for protection of the intestinal microbiota. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7219-7227. [PMID: 34581317 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00958c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fraction of antibiotics that are excreted from the intestine during administration leads to disruption of commensal bacteria as well as resulting in dysbiosis and various diseases. To protect the gut microbiota during treatment with antibiotics, use of activated carbon (AC) has recently been reported as a method to adsorb antibiotics. However, the antibiotic adsorption by AC is nonspecific and may also result in the adsorption of essential biological molecules. In this work, we reported that an anion exchange resin (AER) has better specificity than AC for adsorbing the β-lactam antibiotic cefoperazone (CEF). Because CEF has a negatively charged carboxylate group and a conjugated system, the AER was used to adsorb CEF through electrostatic and π-π interactions. The AER was specific for CEF over biological molecules such as bile acids and vitamins in the intestine. The AER protected Escherichia coli from CEF in vitro. Furthermore, oral administration of the AER reduced the fecal free CEF concentration, and protected the gut microbiota from CEF-induced dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Li
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Kyosuke Yakabe
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Khadijah Zai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.,Division of Mucosal Barrierology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Centre for Advanced Medicine Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan, 32023, Republic of China
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40
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Carpena N, Richards K, Bello Gonzalez TDJ, Bravo-Blas A, Housden NG, Gerasimidis K, Milling SWF, Douce G, Malik DJ, Walker D. Targeted Delivery of Narrow-Spectrum Protein Antibiotics to the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract in a Murine Model of Escherichia coli Colonization. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670535. [PMID: 34721311 PMCID: PMC8551963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are narrow-spectrum protein antibiotics that could potentially be used to engineer the human gut microbiota. However, technologies for targeted delivery of proteins to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract in preclinical animal models are currently lacking. In this work, we have developed methods for the microencapsulation of Escherichia coli targeting bacteriocins, colicin E9 and Ia, in a pH responsive formulation to allow their targeted delivery and controlled release in an in vivo murine model of E. coli colonization. Membrane emulsification was used to produce a water-in-oil emulsion with the water-soluble polymer subsequently cross-linked to produce hydrogel microcapsules. The microcapsule fabrication process allowed control of the size of the drug delivery system and a near 100% yield of the encapsulated therapeutic cargo. pH-triggered release of the encapsulated colicins was achieved using a widely available pH-responsive anionic copolymer in combination with alginate biopolymers. In vivo experiments using a murine E. coli intestinal colonization model demonstrated that oral delivery of the encapsulated colicins resulted in a significant decrease in intestinal colonization and reduction in E. coli shedding in the feces of the animals. Employing controlled release drug delivery systems such as that described here is essential to enable delivery of new protein therapeutics or other biological interventions for testing within small animal models of infection. Such approaches may have considerable value for the future development of strategies to engineer the human gut microbiota, which is central to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Carpena
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry Richards
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alberto Bravo-Blas
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon W. F. Milling
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Douce
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Danish J. Malik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Walker
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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41
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Korfhage J, Skinner ME, Basu J, Greenson JK, Miller RA, Lombard DB. Canagliflozin increases intestinal adenoma burden in female Apc Min/+ mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:215-220. [PMID: 34448851 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diabetes drug canagliflozin extends lifespan in male mice. Since malignant neoplasms are the major cause of death in most mouse strains, this observation suggests that canagliflozin might exert anti-neoplastic effects in male mice. Here, we treated a mouse neoplasia model, the adenoma-prone Apc Min/+ strain, with canagliflozin, to test the effects of this drug on intestinal tumor burden. Surprisingly, canagliflozin increased the total area of intestine involved by adenomas, an effect most marked in the distal intestine and in female mice. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that canagliflozin may not influence adenoma growth via direct SGLT1/2 inhibition in neoplastic cells. Our results are most consistent with a model where canagliflozin aggravates adenoma development by altering the anatomic distribution of intestinal glucose absorption, as evidenced by increases in postprandial GLP-1 levels driven by delayed glucose absorption. We hypothesize that canagliflozin exacerbates adenomatosis in the Apc Min/+ model via complex, cell-non-autonomous mechanisms, and that sex differences in GLP-1 responses may in part underlie sexually dimorphic effects of this drug on lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Korfhage
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary E Skinner
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jookta Basu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Geriatrics Center and Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Geriatrics Center and Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
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42
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Pinto L, Soares G, Próspero A, Stoppa E, Biasotti G, Paixão F, Santos A, Oliveira R, Miranda J. An easy and low-cost biomagnetic methodology to study regional gastrointestinal transit in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 66:405-412. [PMID: 33544465 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2020-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The identification of gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders requires the evaluation of regional GI transit, and the development of alternative methodologies in animals has a significant impact on translational approaches. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate an easy and low-cost methodology (alternate current biosusceptometry - ACB) for the assessment of regional GI transit in rats through images. Rats were fed a test meal containing magnetic tracer and phenol red, and GI segments (stomach, proximal, medial and distal small intestine, and cecum) were collected to assess tracer's retention at distinct times after ingestion (0, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min). Images were obtained by scanning the segments, and phenol red concentration was determined by the sample's absorbance. The temporal retention profile, geometric center, gastric emptying, and cecum arrival were evaluated. The correlation coefficient between methods was 0.802, and the temporal retention of each segment was successfully assessed. GI parameters yielded comparable results between methods, and ACB images presented advantages as the possibility to visualize intrasegmental tracer distribution and the automated scan of the segments. The imaging approach provided a reliable assessment of several parameters simultaneously and may serve as an accurate and sensitive approach for regional GI research in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pinto
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, São Paulo State University, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Soares
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, São Paulo State University, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - André Próspero
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, São Paulo State University, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Erick Stoppa
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, São Paulo State University, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Biasotti
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, São Paulo State University, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Paixão
- Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Armênio Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Miranda
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, São Paulo State University, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
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43
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Zhuang P, Xiang K, Meng X, Wang G, Li Z, Lu Y, Kan D, Zhang X, Sun SK. Gram-scale synthesis of a neodymium chelate as a spectral CT and second near-infrared window imaging agent for visualizing the gastrointestinal tract in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2285-2294. [PMID: 33616148 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02276d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases is frequently performed in the clinic, so it is crucial to develop high-performance contrast agents for real-time and non-invasive imaging examination of the GI tract. Herein, we show a novel method to synthesize a neodymium (Nd) chelate, Nd-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Nd-DTPA), on a large scale without byproducts for spectral computed tomography (CT) and second near-infrared window imaging of the GI tract in vivo. The Nd-DTPA was simply generated by heating the mixture of Nd2O3 and DTPA in water at 85 °C for 2 h. This dual-modal imaging agent has the advantages of a simple and green synthesis route, no need of purification process, high yield (86.24%), large-scale production capability (>10 g in lab synthesis), good chemical stability and excellent water solubility (≈2 g mL-1). Moreover, the Nd-DTPA emitted strong near-infrared fluorescence at 1308 nm, and exhibited superior X-ray attenuation ability compared to clinical iohexol. The proposed Nd-DTPA can integrate the complementary merits of dual-modal imaging to realize spatial-temporal and highly sensitive imaging of the GI tract in vivo, and accurate diagnosis of the location of intestinal obstruction and monitor its recovery after surgery. The developed highly efficient method for the gram-scale synthesis of Nd-DTPA and the proposed spectral CT and second near-infrared window dual-modal imaging strategy provide a promising route for accurate visualization of the GI tract in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengrui Zhuang
- Department of Medical imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Ke Xiang
- Department of Medical imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Xiangxi Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Guohe Wang
- Department of Medical imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanye Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Kan
- Department of Medical imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Medical imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Shao-Kai Sun
- Department of Medical imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
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Yu B, Sun M, Wang Z, Zhu B, Xue J, Yang W, Gao X, Zhi M, Cao J, Zhao J, Zhao X, Liu W, Wang F, Li T. Effects of Stimulating Local and Distal Acupoints on Diabetic Gastroparesis: A New Insight in Revealing Acupuncture Therapeutics. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1151-1164. [PMID: 34049477 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important aspects of clinical acupuncture practice, like diabetic gastroparesis, is the selection of suitable acupoints. Furthermore, it is critical to examine the therapeutic impact differences between distal and local acupoints, as well as the prescription of their combination. In this study, diabetic gastroparesis rats were treated by needling Zhongwan (CV12) and Zusanli (ST36), and then used Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography-CT (SPECT-CT) technology to assess the effects of promoting gastric motility. In addition, morphological observation, immunohistochemical examination, and biomarker assays, such as determination of growth factor 1, motilin, and ghrelin contents in serum samples, were performed to better understand the impact of certain various acupuncture treatments. All of the therapies improved the symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis rats, according to the findings. Stimulating these acupoints, on the other hand, can have a different therapeutic effect. In addition, needling local and distal acupoints together can have an antagonistic or synergistic impact on specific physiological and biochemical indexes such as gastric motility, ghrelin, gastrin, and growth factor 1, among others. Our findings demonstrated the benefits of acupoints and acupuncture in the management of diabetic gastroparesis, as well as a new insight into acupuncture therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Exchange Center, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Institute of Acupuncture, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jingquan Xue
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wenjiang Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Gao
- Institute of Acupuncture, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mujun Zhi
- Pain Clinic of Acupuncture Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhen Cao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Wu Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Fuchun Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Tie Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
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45
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Straß S, Schwamborn A, Keppler M, Cloos N, Guezguez J, Guse JH, Burnet M, Laufer S. Synthesis, Characterization, and in vivo Distribution of Intracellular Delivered Macrolide Short-Chain Fatty Acid Derivatives. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2254-2269. [PMID: 33787081 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have a range of effects in metabolism and immune regulation. We have observed that delivery of SCFAs to lysosomes has potent immune regulatory effects, possibly as a surrogate signal for the presence of anaerobic organisms. To better understand the pharmacology of lysosomal SCFA donors, we investigated the distribution and metabolism of propionate and butyrate donors. Each analog (1 a and 2 a) can donate three SCFA equivalents via ester hydrolysis through six intermediate metabolites. The compounds are stabilized by low pH, and stability in cells is usually higher than in medium, but is cell-type specific. Butyrate derivatives were found to be more stable than propionates. Tri-esters were more stable than di- or mono-esters. The donors were surprisingly stable in vivo, and hydrolysis of each position was organ specific. Jejunum and liver caused rapid loss of 4'' esters. The gut metabolite pattern by i. v. differed from that of p.o. application, suggesting luminal and apical enzyme effects in the gut epithelium. Central organs could de-esterify the 11-position. Levels in lung relative to other organs were higher by p.o. than via i. v., suggesting that delivery route can influence the observed pharmacology and that gut metabolites distribute differently. The donors were largely eliminated by 24 h, following near linear decline in organs. The observed levels and distribution were found to be consistent with pharmacodynamic effects, particularly in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Straß
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Schwamborn
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Keppler
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natascha Cloos
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jamil Guezguez
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Burnet
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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46
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Park SA, Lee GH, Hoang TH, Lee HY, Kang IY, Chung MJ, Jin JS, Chae HJ. Heat-inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum nF1 promotes intestinal health in Loperamide-induced constipation rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250354. [PMID: 33872333 PMCID: PMC8055018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a common condition that affects individuals of all ages, and prolonged constipation needs to be prevented to avoid potential complications and reduce the additional stress on individuals with pre-medical conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum (HLp-nF1) on loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Constipation-induced male rats were treated orally with low to high doses of HLp-nF1 and an anti-constipation medication Dulcolax for five weeks. Study has 8 groups, control group; loperamide-treated group; Dulcolax-treated group; treatment with 3.2 × 1010, 8 × 1010 and 1.6 × 1011, cells/mL HLp-nF1; Loperamide + Dulcolax treated group. HLp-nF1 treated rats showed improvements in fecal pellet number, weight, water content, intestinal transit length, and contractility compared to the constipation-induced rats. Also, an increase in the intestine mucosal layer thickness and the number of mucin-producing crypt epithelial cells were observed in HLp-nF1-treated groups. Further, the levels of inflammatory cytokines levels were significantly downregulated by treatment with HLp-nF1 and Dulcolax. Notably, the metagenomics sequencing analysis demonstrated a similar genus pattern to the pre-preparation group and control with HLp-nF1 treatment. In conclusion, the administration of >3.2 × 1010 cells/mL HLp-nF1 has a positive impact on the constipated rats overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ah Park
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Geum-Hwa Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - The-Hiep Hoang
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | | | - Myong-Ja Chung
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Jin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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47
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Miyamoto K, Suzuki K, Ohtaki H, Nakamura M, Yamaga H, Yagi M, Honda K, Hayashi M, Dohi K. A novel mouse model of heatstroke accounting for ambient temperature and relative humidity. J Intensive Care 2021; 9:35. [PMID: 33863391 PMCID: PMC8052643 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-021-00546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heatstroke is associated with exposure to high ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH), and an increased risk of organ damage or death. Previously proposed animal models of heatstroke disregard the impact of RH. Therefore, we aimed to establish and validate an animal model of heatstroke considering RH. To validate our model, we also examined the effect of hydration and investigated gene expression of cotransporter proteins in the intestinal membranes after heat exposure. Methods Mildly dehydrated adult male C57/BL6J mice were subjected to three AT conditions (37 °C, 41 °C, or 43 °C) at RH > 99% and monitored with WetBulb globe temperature (WBGT) for 1 h. The survival rate, body weight, core body temperature, blood parameters, and histologically confirmed tissue damage were evaluated to establish a mouse heatstroke model. Then, the mice received no treatment, water, or oral rehydration solution (ORS) before and after heat exposure; subsequent organ damage was compared using our model. Thereafter, we investigated cotransporter protein gene expressions in the intestinal membranes of mice that received no treatment, water, or ORS. Results The survival rates of mice exposed to ATs of 37 °C, 41 °C, and 43 °C were 100%, 83.3%, and 0%, respectively. From this result, we excluded AT43. Mice in the AT 41 °C group appeared to be more dehydrated than those in the AT 37 °C group. WBGT in the AT 41 °C group was > 44 °C; core body temperature in this group reached 41.3 ± 0.08 °C during heat exposure and decreased to 34.0 ± 0.18 °C, returning to baseline after 8 h which showed a biphasic thermal dysregulation response. The AT 41 °C group presented with greater hepatic, renal, and musculoskeletal damage than did the other groups. The impact of ORS on recovery was greater than that of water or no treatment. The administration of ORS with heat exposure increased cotransporter gene expression in the intestines and reduced heatstroke-related damage. Conclusions We developed a novel mouse heatstroke model that considered AT and RH. We found that ORS administration improved inadequate circulation and reduced tissue injury by increasing cotransporter gene expression in the intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan. .,Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohtaki
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Nakamura
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaga
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masaharu Yagi
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuho Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Munetaka Hayashi
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Dohi
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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48
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Nanocomposite sponges for enhancing intestinal residence time following oral administration. J Control Release 2021; 333:579-592. [PMID: 33838210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, nanocomposites that combine mucopenetrating and mucoadhesive properties in a single system are proposed as innovative strategy to increase drug residence time in the intestine following oral administration. To this aim, novel mucoadhesive chitosan (CH) sponges loaded with mucopenetrating nanoemulsions (NE) were developed via freeze-casting technique. The NE mucopenetration ability was determined studying the surface affinity and thermodynamic binding of the nanosystem with mucins. The ability of nanoparticles to penetrate across a preformed mucins layer was validated by 3D-time laps Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy imaging. Microscopy observations (Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical Microscopy) showed that NE participated in the structure of the sponge affecting its stability and in vitro release kinetics. When incubated with HCT 116 and Caco-2 cell lines, the NE proved to be cytocompatible over a wide concentration range. Finally, the in vivo biodistribution of the nanocomposite was evaluated after oral gavage in healthy mice. The intestinal retention of NE was highly enhanced when loaded in the sponge compared to the NE suspension. Overall, our results demonstrated that the developed nanocomposite sponge is a promising system for sustained drug intestinal delivery.
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49
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Buss MT, Ramesh P, English MA, Lee-Gosselin A, Shapiro MG. Spatial Control of Probiotic Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract Assisted by Magnetic Particles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007473. [PMID: 33709508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineered probiotics have the potential to diagnose and treat a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. However, these exogenous bacterial agents have limited ability to effectively colonize specific regions of the GI tract due to a lack of external control over their localization and persistence. Magnetic fields are well suited to providing such control, since they freely penetrate biological tissues. However, they are difficult to apply with sufficient strength to directly manipulate magnetically labeled cells in deep tissue such as the GI tract. Here, it is demonstrated that a composite biomagnetic material consisting of microscale magnetic particles and probiotic bacteria, when orally administered and combined with an externally applied magnetic field, enables the trapping and retention of probiotic bacteria within the GI tract of mice. This technology improves the ability of these probiotic agents to accumulate at specific locations and stably colonize without antibiotic treatment. By enhancing the ability of GI-targeted probiotics to be at the right place at the right time, cellular localization assisted by magnetic particles (CLAMP) adds external physical control to an important emerging class of microbial theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie T Buss
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Pradeep Ramesh
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Max Atticus English
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Audrey Lee-Gosselin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Cui S, Chen C, Gu J, Mao B, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Tracing Lactobacillus plantarum within the intestinal tract of mice: green fluorescent protein-based fluorescent tagging. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1758-1766. [PMID: 32892354 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus plantarum is an important probiotic with a variety of physiologic functions. Studies have focused on the effects of L. plantarum on host physiology and microbiota, but studies of the fate of strains after they enter the intestine are lacking. In this study, L. plantarum ST-III was genetically engineered to express green fluorescent protein (GFP). Mice were administered ST-III-GFP, and fluorescence imaging was used to study the distribution, location and quantity of strains within 8 h after entry into the intestine. RESULTS The results indicated that genetic modification did not affect the growth of ST-III, tolerance to simulated gastric juice and intestinal fluid or tolerance to antibiotics (with the exception of chloramphenicol). Fluorescence imaging and colony counting indicated that ST-III-GFP can be detected in the small intestine 5 min after oral gavage. After 30 min, nearly all ST-III-GFP was located in the small intestine. After 1.5 h, ST-III-GFP was detected in both the cecum and large intestine. After 4 and 8 h, ST-III-GFP was mainly concentrated in the cecum and large intestine. Compared to the initial amount ingested, the survival rate of ST-III-GFP within the intestine of mice was 10% after 8 h. In addition, a strong linear relationship was found between the fluorescence intensity and the viable count of ST-III-GFP. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data indicate that the amount of ST-III-GFP can be estimated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of this novel strain within the intestinal tract. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co. Ltd, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cailing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co. Ltd, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
- Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, PR China
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