1
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Pirillo C, Al Khalidi S, Sims A, Devlin R, Zhao H, Pinto R, Jasim S, Shearer PA, Shergold AL, Donnelly H, Bravo-Blas A, Loney C, Perona-Wright G, Hutchinson E, Roberts EW. Cotransfer of antigen and contextual information harmonizes peripheral and lymph node conventional dendritic cell activation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg8249. [PMID: 37478193 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg8249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses against infections and cancer are directed by conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in lymph nodes distant from the site of challenge. Migratory cDCs, which travel from the tissue to the lymph node, not only drive initial T cell activation but also transfer antigen to lymph node-resident cDCs. These resident cells have essential roles defining the character of the resulting T cell response; however, it is unknown how they can appropriately process and present antigens to suitably direct responses given their spatial separation. Here, using a novel strain of influenza A and a modified melanoma model, we show that tissue and lymph node cDC activation is harmonized and that this is driven by cotransfer of contextual cues. In the tumor, incomplete cDC activation in the tumor microenvironment is mirrored by lymph node-resident cDCs, whereas during influenza infection, pathogen-associated molecular patterns cotransferred with antigen drive TLR signaling in resident cDCs and their subsequent robust activation. This cotransfer mechanism explains how individual antigens can be handled distinctly by resident cDCs and how signals driving poor tumoral cDC activation further impact the lymph node. Our findings clarify how tissue context dictates antigenic and, consequently, T cell fate in the lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Sims
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Great Britain
| | - Ryan Devlin
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Great Britain
| | - Huailong Zhao
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Great Britain
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Rute Pinto
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Great Britain
| | - Seema Jasim
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Great Britain
| | - Patrick A Shearer
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Great Britain
| | | | - Hannah Donnelly
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Great Britain
| | | | - Colin Loney
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Great Britain
| | | | - Ed Hutchinson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Great Britain
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Great Britain
| | - Ed W Roberts
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, Great Britain
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Great Britain
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2
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Bravo-Blas A, Pirillo C, Shergold A, Andrusaite A, Roberts EW. Think global but act local: Tuning the dendritic cell response in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 147:106227. [PMID: 35605877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite their low abundance in tumours conventional dendritic cells play an outsized role in initiating and perpetuating anti-tumour immunity; however progressively growing tumours suppress dendritic cell function in a range of ways preventing effective anti-tumour T cell responses. While the success of immune checkpoint blockade has focused attention on T-cell directed therapies, activating tumour dendritic cells has been shown to be critical for the efficacy of several immunotherapies and other conventional therapies owing to their ability to activate and restimulate anti-tumour T-cells. As such, the importance of understanding the mechanisms by which dendritic cell function is impaired are being investigated further. Yet, while much attention has been paid to the tumour microenvironment less has been given to the macroenvironment including effects in the bone marrow and the lymph node. It is now clear that dendritic cell function can be impaired in a variety of ways at different anatomical sites and understanding these mechanisms will be critical for developing effective strategies to tune the dendritic cell response in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bravo-Blas
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Chiara Pirillo
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Amy Shergold
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Anna Andrusaite
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Edward W Roberts
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
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3
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Scott JI, Mendive-Tapia L, Gordon D, Barth ND, Thompson EJ, Cheng Z, Taggart D, Kitamura T, Bravo-Blas A, Roberts EW, Juarez-Jimenez J, Michel J, Piet B, de Vries IJ, Verdoes M, Dawson J, Carragher NO, Connor RAO, Akram AR, Frame M, Serrels A, Vendrell M. A fluorogenic probe for granzyme B enables in-biopsy evaluation and screening of response to anticancer immunotherapies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2366. [PMID: 35501326 PMCID: PMC9061857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy promotes the attack of cancer cells by the immune system; however, it is difficult to detect early responses before changes in tumor size occur. Here, we report the rational design of a fluorogenic peptide able to detect picomolar concentrations of active granzyme B as a biomarker of immune-mediated anticancer action. Through a series of chemical iterations and molecular dynamics simulations, we synthesize a library of FRET peptides and identify probe H5 with an optimal fit into granzyme B. We demonstrate that probe H5 enables the real-time detection of T cell-mediated anticancer activity in mouse tumors and in tumors from lung cancer patients. Furthermore, we show image-based phenotypic screens, which reveal that the AKT kinase inhibitor AZD5363 shows immune-mediated anticancer activity. The reactivity of probe H5 may enable the monitoring of early responses to anticancer treatments using tissue biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I Scott
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Doireann Gordon
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicole D Barth
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily J Thompson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhiming Cheng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Taggart
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Jordi Juarez-Jimenez
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julien Michel
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Berber Piet
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - John Dawson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard A O' Connor
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ahsan R Akram
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Margaret Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan Serrels
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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4
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Carpena N, Richards K, Bello Gonzalez TDJ, Bravo-Blas A, Housden NG, Gerasimidis K, Milling SWF, Douce G, Malik DJ, Walker D. Targeted Delivery of Narrow-Spectrum Protein Antibiotics to the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract in a Murine Model of Escherichia coli Colonization. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670535. [PMID: 34721311 PMCID: PMC8551963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are narrow-spectrum protein antibiotics that could potentially be used to engineer the human gut microbiota. However, technologies for targeted delivery of proteins to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract in preclinical animal models are currently lacking. In this work, we have developed methods for the microencapsulation of Escherichia coli targeting bacteriocins, colicin E9 and Ia, in a pH responsive formulation to allow their targeted delivery and controlled release in an in vivo murine model of E. coli colonization. Membrane emulsification was used to produce a water-in-oil emulsion with the water-soluble polymer subsequently cross-linked to produce hydrogel microcapsules. The microcapsule fabrication process allowed control of the size of the drug delivery system and a near 100% yield of the encapsulated therapeutic cargo. pH-triggered release of the encapsulated colicins was achieved using a widely available pH-responsive anionic copolymer in combination with alginate biopolymers. In vivo experiments using a murine E. coli intestinal colonization model demonstrated that oral delivery of the encapsulated colicins resulted in a significant decrease in intestinal colonization and reduction in E. coli shedding in the feces of the animals. Employing controlled release drug delivery systems such as that described here is essential to enable delivery of new protein therapeutics or other biological interventions for testing within small animal models of infection. Such approaches may have considerable value for the future development of strategies to engineer the human gut microbiota, which is central to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Carpena
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry Richards
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alberto Bravo-Blas
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon W. F. Milling
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Douce
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Danish J. Malik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Walker
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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5
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Wright PB, McDonald E, Bravo-Blas A, Baer HM, Heawood A, Bain CC, Mowat AM, Clay SL, Robertson EV, Morton F, Nijjar JS, Ijaz UZ, Milling SWF, Gaya DR. The mannose receptor (CD206) identifies a population of colonic macrophages in health and inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19616. [PMID: 34608184 PMCID: PMC8490356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the contribution of mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), which include monocyte-derived intestinal macrophages, to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), it is necessary to identify functionally-different MNP populations. We aimed to characterise intestinal macrophage populations in patients with IBD. We developed 12-parameter flow cytometry protocols to identify and human intestinal MNPs. We used these protocols to purify and characterize colonic macrophages from colonic tissue from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), or non-inflamed controls, in a cross-sectional study. We identify macrophage populations (CD45+CD64+ HLA-DR+) and describe two distinct subsets, differentiated by their expression of the mannose receptor, CD206. CD206+ macrophages expressed markers consistent with a mature phenotype: high levels of CD68 and CD163, higher transcription of IL-10 and lower expression of TREM1. CD206− macrophages appear to be less mature, with features more similar to their monocytic precursors. We identified and purified macrophage populations from human colon. These appear to be derived from a monocytic precursor with high CCR2 and low CD206 expression. As these cells mature, they acquire expression of IL-10, CD206, CD63, and CD168. Targeting the newly recruited monocyte-derived cells may represent a fruitful avenue to ameliorate chronic inflammation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela B Wright
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Elizabeth McDonald
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alberto Bravo-Blas
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Hannah M Baer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anna Heawood
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Calum C Bain
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Allan M Mowat
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Slater L Clay
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | | | - Fraser Morton
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jagtar Singh Nijjar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Umer Z Ijaz
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Simon W F Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Daniel R Gaya
- Gastroenterology Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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6
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Imperato JN, Xu D, Romagnoli PA, Qiu Z, Perez P, Khairallah C, Pham QM, Andrusaite A, Bravo-Blas A, Milling SWF, Lefrancois L, Khanna KM, Puddington L, Sheridan BS. Mucosal CD8 T Cell Responses Are Shaped by Batf3-DC After Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575967. [PMID: 33042159 PMCID: PMC7518468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While immune responses have been rigorously examined after intravenous Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection, less is understood about its dissemination from the intestines or the induction of adaptive immunity after more physiologic models of foodborne infection. Consequently, this study focused on early events in the intestinal mucosa and draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) using foodborne infection of mice with Lm modified to invade murine intestinal epithelium (InlAMLm). InlAMLm trafficked intracellularly from the intestines to the MLN and were associated with Batf3-independent dendritic cells (DC) in the lymphatics. Consistent with this, InlAMLm initially disseminated from the gut to the MLN normally in Batf3–/– mice. Activated migratory DC accumulated in the MLN by 3 days post-infection and surrounded foci of InlAMLm. At this time Batf3–/– mice displayed reduced InlAMLm burdens, implicating cDC1 in maximal bacterial accumulation in the MLN. Batf3–/– mice also exhibited profound defects in the induction and gut-homing of InlAMLm-specific effector CD8 T cells. Restoration of pathogen burden did not rescue antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses in Batf3–/– mice, indicating a critical role for Batf3 in generating anti-InlAMLm immunity following foodborne infection. Collectively, these data suggest that DC play diverse, dynamic roles in the early events following foodborne InlAMLm infection and in driving the establishment of intestinal Lm-specific effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nancy Imperato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Daqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Pablo A Romagnoli
- Centro de Investigacion en Medicina Traslacional Severo Amuchastegui, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Zhijuan Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Pedro Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Camille Khairallah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Quynh-Mai Pham
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Anna Andrusaite
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon W F Milling
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Lefrancois
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Lynn Puddington
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Brian S Sheridan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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7
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Clay SL, Bravo-Blas A, Wall DM, MacLeod MKL, Milling SWF. Regulatory T cells control the dynamic and site-specific polarization of total CD4 T cells following Salmonella infection. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:946-957. [PMID: 32457450 PMCID: PMC7567643 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) control inflammation and maintain mucosal homeostasis, but their functions during infection are poorly understood. Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells can be identified by master transcription factors (TFs) T-bet, GATA3, and RORγT; Tregs also express these TFs. While T-bet+ Tregs can selectively suppress Th1 cells, it is unclear whether distinct Treg populations can alter Th bias. To address this, we used Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium to induce nonlethal colitis. Following infection, we observed an early colonic Th17 response within total CD4 T cells, followed by a Th1 bias. The early Th17 response, which contains both Salmonella-specific and non-Salmonella-specific cells, parallels an increase in T-bet+ Tregs. Later, Th1 cells and RORγT+ Tregs dominate. This reciprocal dynamic may indicate that Tregs selectively suppress Th cells, shaping the immune response. Treg depletion 1-2 days post-infection shifted the early Th17 response to a Th1 bias; however, Treg depletion 6-7 days post-infection abrogated the Th1 bias. Thus, Tregs are necessary for the early Th17 response, and for a maximal Th1 response later. These data show that Tregs shape the overall tissue CD4 T cell response and highlight the potential for subpopulations of Tregs to be used in targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slater L. Clay
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Alberto Bravo-Blas
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK ,grid.23636.320000 0000 8821 5196Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow and Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Daniel M. Wall
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Megan K. L. MacLeod
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon W. F. Milling
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Scott NA, Andrusaite A, Andersen P, Lawson M, Alcon-Giner C, Leclaire C, Caim S, Le Gall G, Shaw T, Connolly JPR, Roe AJ, Wessel H, Bravo-Blas A, Thomson CA, Kästele V, Wang P, Peterson DA, Bancroft A, Li X, Grencis R, Mowat AM, Hall LJ, Travis MA, Milling SWF, Mann ER. Antibiotics induce sustained dysregulation of intestinal T cell immunity by perturbing macrophage homeostasis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/464/eaao4755. [PMID: 30355800 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao4755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages in the healthy intestine are highly specialized and usually respond to the gut microbiota without provoking an inflammatory response. A breakdown in this tolerance leads to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the mechanisms by which intestinal macrophages normally become conditioned to promote microbial tolerance are unclear. Strong epidemiological evidence linking disruption of the gut microbiota by antibiotic use early in life to IBD indicates an important role for the gut microbiota in modulating intestinal immunity. Here, we show that antibiotic use causes intestinal macrophages to become hyperresponsive to bacterial stimulation, producing excess inflammatory cytokines. Re-exposure of antibiotic-treated mice to conventional microbiota induced a long-term, macrophage-dependent increase in inflammatory T helper 1 (TH1) responses in the colon and sustained dysbiosis. The consequences of this dysregulated macrophage activity for T cell function were demonstrated by increased susceptibility to infections requiring TH17 and TH2 responses for clearance (bacterial Citrobacter rodentium and helminth Trichuris muris infections), corresponding with increased inflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were depleted during antibiotic administration; supplementation of antibiotics with the SCFA butyrate restored the characteristic hyporesponsiveness of intestinal macrophages and prevented T cell dysfunction. Butyrate altered the metabolic behavior of macrophages to increase oxidative phosphorylation and also promoted alternative macrophage activation. In summary, the gut microbiota is essential to maintain macrophage-dependent intestinal immune homeostasis, mediated by SCFA-dependent pathways. Oral antibiotics disrupt this process to promote sustained T cell-mediated dysfunction and increased susceptibility to infections, highlighting important implications of repeated broad-spectrum antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Scott
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anna Andrusaite
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Melissa Lawson
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Leclaire
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Shabhonam Caim
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Gwenaelle Le Gall
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Tovah Shaw
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - James P R Connolly
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Andrew J Roe
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Hannah Wessel
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alberto Bravo-Blas
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Carolyn A Thomson
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Verena Kästele
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Ping Wang
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Daniel A Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, 46285 IN, USA
| | - Allison Bancroft
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Xuhang Li
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard Grencis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Allan McI Mowat
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Mark A Travis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon W F Milling
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. .,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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9
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Bravo-Blas A, Utriainen L, Clay SL, Kästele V, Cerovic V, Cunningham AF, Henderson IR, Wall DM, Milling SWF. Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Travels to Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Both with Host Cells and Autonomously. J Immunol 2018; 202:260-267. [PMID: 30487173 PMCID: PMC6305795 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella infection is a globally important cause of gastroenteritis and systemic disease and is a useful tool to study immune responses in the intestine. Although mechanisms leading to immune responses against Salmonella have been extensively studied, questions remain about how bacteria travel from the intestinal mucosa to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), a key site for Ag presentation. In this study, we used a mouse model of infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) to identify changes in intestinal immune cells induced during early infection. We then used fluorescently labeled STM to identify interactions with immune cells from the site of infection through migration in lymph to the MLN. We show that viable STM can be carried in the lymph by any subset of migrating dendritic cells but not by macrophages. Moreover, approximately half of the STM in lymph are not associated with cells at all and travel autonomously. Within the MLN, STM associates with dendritic cells and B cells but predominantly with MLN-resident macrophages. In conclusion, we describe the routes used by STM to spread systemically in the period immediately postinfection. This deeper understanding of the infection process could open new avenues for controlling it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bravo-Blas
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom;
| | - Lotta Utriainen
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Slater L Clay
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Verena Kästele
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Wall
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon W F Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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10
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Bain CC, Bravo-Blas A, Scott CL, Perdiguero EG, Geissmann F, Henri S, Malissen B, Osborne LC, Artis D, Mowat AM. Erratum: Corrigendum: Constant replenishment from circulating monocytes maintains the macrophage pool in the intestine of adult mice. Nat Immunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/ni1114-1090c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Bain CC, Bravo-Blas A, Scott CL, Perdiguero EG, Geissmann F, Henri S, Malissen B, Osborne LC, Artis D, Mowat AM. Constant replenishment from circulating monocytes maintains the macrophage pool in the intestine of adult mice. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:929-937. [PMID: 25151491 PMCID: PMC4169290 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 779] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The paradigm that resident macrophages in steady-state tissues are derived from embryonic precursors has never been investigated in the intestine, which contains the largest pool of macrophages. Using fate mapping models and monocytopenic mice, together with bone marrow chimeric and parabiotic models, we show that embryonic precursors seeded the intestinal mucosa and demonstrated extensive in situ proliferation in the neonatal period. However these cells did not persist in adult intestine. Instead, they were replaced around the time of weaning by the CCR2-dependent influx of Ly6Chi monocytes that differentiated locally into mature, anti-inflammatory macrophages. This process was driven largely by the microbiota and had to be continued throughout adult life to maintain a normal intestinal macrophage pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum C Bain
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Science, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Alberto Bravo-Blas
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Science, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Science, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Elisa Gomez Perdiguero
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), New Hunt's House, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), New Hunt's House, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, UK.,Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sandrine Henri
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Universite, Marseille, France.,INSERM U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Universite, Marseille, France.,INSERM U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Artis
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Allan McI Mowat
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Science, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
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12
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Bravo-Blas A, Téllez R, Uribe S, Salmerón F, Valdés L, Estrada-Parra S, Cobos-Marín L. El factor de transferencia como inductor de la expresión de RNAm de IFN-γ e IL-2 en pollos vacunados contra influenza aviar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4067/s0301-732x2010000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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