1
|
Caichiolo M, Zampieri RM, Adessi A, Ciani M, Caldara F, Dalla Valle L, La Rocca N. Microbial Polysaccharides Extracted from Different Mature Muds of the Euganean Thermal District Show Similar Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4999. [PMID: 38732217 PMCID: PMC11084611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The Euganean Thermal District, situated in North-East Italy, is one of Europe's largest and oldest thermal centres. The topical application of its therapeutic thermal muds is recognised by the Italian Health System as a beneficial treatment for patients suffering from arthro-rheumatic diseases. Polysaccharides produced by the mud microbiota have been recently identified as anti-inflammatory bioactive molecules. In this paper we analysed the efficacy of Microbial-Polysaccharides (M-PS) derived from mature muds obtained at different maturation temperatures, both within and outside the codified traditional mud maturation range. M-PSs were extracted from six mature muds produced by five spas of the Euganean Thermal District and investigated for their chemical properties, monosaccharide composition and in vivo anti-inflammatory potential, using the zebrafish model organism. Additionally, mature muds were characterized for their microbiota composition using Next-Generation Sequencing. The results showed that all M-PSs exhibit similar anti-inflammatory potential, referable to their comparable chemical composition. This consistency was observed despite changes in cyanobacteria populations, suggesting a possible role of the entire microbial community in shaping the properties of these biomolecules. These findings highlight the importance of scientific research in untangling the origins of the therapeutic efficacy of Euganean Thermal muds in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micol Caichiolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.Z.); (N.L.R.)
| | - Raffaella Margherita Zampieri
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.Z.); (N.L.R.)
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandra Adessi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via Maragliano 77, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Matilde Ciani
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via Maragliano 77, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Caldara
- Pietro D’Abano Thermal Studies Center, Via Jappelli 5, 35031 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luisa Dalla Valle
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.Z.); (N.L.R.)
| | - Nicoletta La Rocca
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.C.); (R.M.Z.); (N.L.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fais G, Casula M, Sidorowicz A, Manca A, Margarita V, Fiori PL, Pantaleo A, Caboni P, Cao G, Concas A. Cultivation of Chroococcidiopsis thermalis Using Available In Situ Resources to Sustain Life on Mars. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:251. [PMID: 38398760 PMCID: PMC10889959 DOI: 10.3390/life14020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of cyanobacteria by exploiting available in situ resources represents a possible way to supply food and oxygen to astronauts during long-term crewed missions on Mars. Here, we evaluated the possibility of cultivating the extremophile cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis thermalis CCALA 050 under operating conditions that should occur within a dome hosting a recently patented process to produce nutrients and oxygen on Mars. The medium adopted to cultivate this cyanobacterium, named Martian medium, was obtained using a mixture of regolith leachate and astronauts' urine simulants that would be available in situ resources whose exploitation could reduce the mission payload. The results demonstrated that C. thermalis can grow in such a medium. For producing high biomass, the best medium consisted of specific percentages (40%vol) of Martian medium and a standard medium (60%vol). Biomass produced in such a medium exhibits excellent antioxidant properties and contains significant amounts of pigments. Lipidomic analysis demonstrated that biomass contains strategic lipid classes able to help the astronauts facing the oxidative stress and inflammatory phenomena taking place on Mars. These characteristics suggest that this strain could serve as a valuable nutritional resource for astronauts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Fais
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.F.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mattia Casula
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.F.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Sidorowicz
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.F.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.); (V.M.); (P.L.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Valentina Margarita
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.); (V.M.); (P.L.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Pier Luigi Fiori
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.); (V.M.); (P.L.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.); (V.M.); (P.L.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Cao
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.F.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Loc. Piscina Manna, Building 1, 09050 Pula, Italy
| | - Alessandro Concas
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.F.); (M.C.); (A.S.); (G.C.)
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Conde T, Neves B, Couto D, Melo T, Lopes D, Pais R, Batista J, Cardoso H, Silva JL, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Polar Lipids of Marine Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis Mitigate the LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:629. [PMID: 38132950 PMCID: PMC10745121 DOI: 10.3390/md21120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are recognized as a relevant source of bioactive compounds. Among these bioactive products, lipids, mainly glycolipids, have been shown to present immunomodulatory properties with the potential to mitigate chronic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of polar lipids isolated from Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis. Three fractions enriched in (1) digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), (2) monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and (3) diacylglyceryl-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and phospholipids (PL) were obtained from the total lipid extracts (TE) of N. oceanica and C. amblystomatis, and their anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by analyzing their capacity to counteract nitric oxide (NO) production and transcription of pro-inflammatory genes Nos2, Ptgs2, Tnfa, and Il1b in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. For both microalgae, TE and Fractions 1 and 3 strongly inhibited NO production, although to different extents. A strong reduction in the LPS-induced transcription of Nos2, Ptgs2, Tnfa, and Il1b was observed for N. oceanica and C. amblystomatis lipids. The most active fractions were the DGTS-and-PL-enriched fraction from N. oceanica and the DGDG-and-SQDG-enriched fraction from C. amblystomatis. Our results reveal that microalgae lipids have strong anti-inflammatory capacity and may be explored as functional ingredients or nutraceuticals, offering a natural solution to tackle chronic inflammation-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Daniela Couto
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Diana Lopes
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Rita Pais
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Joana Batista
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Helena Cardoso
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae—Natural Products S.A., Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (H.C.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Joana Laranjeira Silva
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae—Natural Products S.A., Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (H.C.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Pedro Domingues
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yadav I, Sharma N, Velayudhan R, Fatima Z, Maras JS. Ocimum sanctum Alters the Lipid Landscape of the Brain Cortex and Plasma to Ameliorate the Effect of Photothrombotic Stroke in a Mouse Model. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1877. [PMID: 37763282 PMCID: PMC10533110 DOI: 10.3390/life13091877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke-like injuries in the brain result in not only cell death at the site of the injury but also other detrimental structural and molecular changes in regions around the stroke. A stroke-induced alteration in the lipid profile interferes with neuronal functions such as neurotransmission. Preventing these unfavorable changes is important for recovery. Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi extract) is known to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. It is possible that Tulsi imparts a neuroprotective effect through the lipophilic transfer of active ingredients into the brain. Hence, we examined alterations in the lipid profile in the cerebral cortex as well as the plasma of mice with a photothrombotic-ischemic-stroke-like injury following the administration of a Tulsi extract. It is also possible that the lipids present in the Tulsi extract could contribute to the lipophilic transfer of active ingredients into the brain. Therefore, to identify the major lipid species in the Tulsi extract, we performed metabolomic and untargeted lipidomic analyses on the Tulsi extract. The presence of 39 molecular lipid species was detected in the Tulsi extract. We then examined the effect of a treatment using the Tulsi extract on the untargeted lipidomic profile of the brain and plasma following photothrombotic ischemic stroke in a mouse model. Mice of the C57Bl/6j strain, aged 2-3 months, were randomly divided into four groups: (i) Sham, (ii) Lesion, (iii) Lesion plus Tulsi, and (iv) Lesion plus Ibuprofen. The cerebral cortex of the lesioned hemisphere of the brain and plasma samples were collected for untargeted lipidomic profiling using a Q-Exactive Mass Spectrometer. Our results documented significant alterations in major lipid groups, including PE, PC, neutral glycerolipids, PS, and P-glycerol, in the brain and plasma samples from the photothrombotic stroke mice following their treatment with Tulsi. Upon further comparison between the different study groups of mice, levels of MGDG (36:4), which may assist in recovery, were found to be increased in the brain cortexes of the mice treated with Tulsi when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Lipid species such as PS, PE, LPG, and PI were commonly altered in the Sham and Lesion plus Tulsi groups. The brain samples from the Sham group were specifically enriched in many species of glycerol lipids and had reduced PE species, while their plasma samples showed altered PE and PS species when compared to the Lesion group. LPC (16:1) was found in the Tulsi extract and was significantly increased in the brains of the PTL-plus-Tulsi-treated group. Our results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of Tulsi on cerebral ischemia may be partially associated with its ability to regulate brain and plasma lipids, and these results may help provide critical insights into therapeutic options for cerebral ischemia or brain lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inderjeet Yadav
- National Brain Research Centre, Gurugram 122052, India; (I.Y.); (R.V.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nupur Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India;
| | - Rema Velayudhan
- National Brain Research Centre, Gurugram 122052, India; (I.Y.); (R.V.)
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram 122413, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh Maras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110070, India;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scieszka D, Jin Y, Noor S, Barr E, Garcia M, Begay J, Herbert G, Hunter RP, Bhaskar K, Kumar R, Gullapalli R, Bolt A, McCormick MA, Bleske B, Gu H, Campen MJ. Biomass smoke inhalation promotes neuroinflammatory and metabolomic temporal changes in the hippocampus of female mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:192. [PMID: 37608305 PMCID: PMC10464132 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoke from wildland fires has been shown to produce neuroinflammation in preclinical models, characterized by neural infiltrations of neutrophils and monocytes, as well as altered neurovascular endothelial phenotypes. To address the longevity of such outcomes, the present study examined the temporal dynamics of neuroinflammation and metabolomics after inhalation exposures from biomass-derived smoke. 2-month-old female C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to wood smoke every other day for 2 weeks at an average exposure concentration of 0.5 mg/m3. Subsequent serial euthanasia occurred at 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, and 28-day post-exposure. Flow cytometry of right hemispheres revealed two endothelial populations of CD31Hi and CD31Med expressors, with wood smoke inhalation causing an increased proportion of CD31Hi. These populations of CD31Hi and CD31Med were associated with an anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory response, respectively, and their inflammatory profiles were largely resolved by the 28-day mark. However, activated microglial populations (CD11b+/CD45low) remained higher in wood smoke-exposed mice than controls at day 28. Infiltrating neutrophil populations decreased to levels below controls by day 28. However, the MHC-II expression of the peripheral immune infiltrate remained high, and the population of neutrophils retained an increased expression of CD45, Ly6C, and MHC-II. Utilizing an unbiased approach examining the metabolomic alterations, we observed notable hippocampal perturbations in neurotransmitter and signaling molecules, such as glutamate, quinolinic acid, and 5-α-dihydroprogesterone. Utilizing a targeted panel designed to explore the aging-associated NAD+ metabolic pathway, wood smoke exposure drove fluctuations and compensations across the 28-day time course, ending with decreased hippocampal NAD+ abundance on day 28. Summarily, these results indicate a highly dynamic neuroinflammatory environment, with potential resolution extending past 28 days, the implications of which may include long-term behavioral changes, systemic and neurological sequalae directly associated with wildfire smoke exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Scieszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC09 5360; 1, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Florida International University Center for Translational Sciences, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA
| | - Shahani Noor
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Ed Barr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC09 5360; 1, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Marcus Garcia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC09 5360; 1, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Jessica Begay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC09 5360; 1, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Guy Herbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC09 5360; 1, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Russell P Hunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC09 5360; 1, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Kiran Bhaskar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Rama Gullapalli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Alicia Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC09 5360; 1, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Mark A McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Barry Bleske
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Florida International University Center for Translational Sciences, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC09 5360; 1, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Palamà MEF, Coco S, Shaw GM, Reverberi D, Ghelardoni M, Ostano P, Chiorino G, Sercia L, Persano L, Gagliani MC, Cortese K, Pisignano D, Murphy JM, Gentili C. Xeno-free cultured mesenchymal stromal cells release extracellular vesicles with a "therapeutic" miRNA cargo ameliorating cartilage inflammation in vitro. Theranostics 2023; 13:1470-1489. [PMID: 37056573 PMCID: PMC10086204 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as an innovative strategy for the treatment of chronic disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA). Biological activity of EVs is generally driven by their cargo, which might be influenced by microenvironment. Therefore, pre-conditioning strategies, including modifications in culture conditions or oxygen tension could directly impact on MSCs paracrine activity. In this study we selected an appropriate preconditioning system to induce cells to perform the most suitable therapeutic response by EV-encapsulated bioactive factors. Methods: A xeno-free supplement (XFS) was used for isolation and expansion of MSCs and compared to conventional fetal bovine serum (FBS) culture. Bone Marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were pre-conditioned under normoxia (20% O2) or under hypoxia (1% O2) and EVs production was evaluated. Anti-OA activity was evaluated by using an in vitro inflammatory model. miRNA content was also explored, to select putative miRNA that could be involved in a biological function. Results: Modulation of IL-6, IL-8, COX-2 and PGE2 was evaluated on hACs simultaneously treated with IL-1α and BMSC-derived EVs. FBS-sEVs exerted a blunt inhibitory effect, while a strong anti-inflammatory outcome was achieved by XFS-sEVs. Interestingly, in both cases hypoxia pre-conditioning allowed to increase EVs effectiveness. Analysis of miRNA content showed the upregulation in XFS-hBMSC-derived EVs of miRNA known to have a chondroprotective role, such as let-7b-5p, miR-17, miR-145, miR-21-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR-30c-5p. Activated pathways and target genes were investigated in silico and upregulated miRNAs functionally validated in target cells. MiR-145 and miR-214 were found to protect chondrocytes from IL-1α-induced inflammation and to reduce production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: XFS medium was found to be suitable for isolation and expansion of MSCs, secreting EVs with a therapeutic cargo. The application of cells cultured exclusively in XFS overcomes issues of safety associated with serum-containing media and makes ready-to-use clinical therapies more accessible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Georgina M. Shaw
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- U.O. Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Laura Sercia
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Institute of Nanoscience (CNR-NANO), Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Josephine Mary Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chiara Gentili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garland A, Wierenga C, McCrae P, Pearson W. Cartilage-Sparing Properties of Equine Omega Complete in an Organ Culture Model of Cartilage Inflammation. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 121:104165. [PMID: 36423791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine anti-inflammatory and/or chondroprotective effects of Equine Omega Complete (EOC) on cartilage explants stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Explants were aseptically prepared from the intercarpal joints of 17 market-weight pigs and placed in culture at 37°C for a total of 120 hours. For the final 96 hours, explants were conditioned with a simulated digestion extract of EOC (0, 36 or 180 μL/mL), and for the final 48 hours explants were stimulated with LPS (0 or 15µg/mL). Media was removed and replaced every 24 hours. Samples from the final 48 hours were analyzed for biomarkers of cartilage inflammation (prostaglandin E2 [PGE2] and nitric oxide [NO]) and cartilage structure (glycosaminoglycan [GAG]). At the end of the culture period cartilage explants were stained for an estimate of cell viability. Stimulation of unconditioned explants with LPS significantly increased media concentrations of PGE2, GAG and NO compared with that from unstimulated explants. LPS stimulation did not significantly affect cell viability. Both concentrations of EOC prevented significant LPS-stimulated cartilage release of GAG without impairing chondrocyte viability. No other effects of treatment were observed. These data provide evidence for a non-cytotoxic, chondroprotective effect of EOC in cartilage. This in vitro experiment supports the use of EOC in protecting against the detrimental effects of inflammation on cartilage structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garland
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corina Wierenga
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Persephone McCrae
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo SS, Wang ZG. Glyceroglycolipids in marine algae: A review of their pharmacological activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1008797. [PMID: 36339569 PMCID: PMC9633857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1008797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceroglycolipids are major metabolites of marine algae and have a wide range of applications in medicine, cosmetics, and chemistry research fields. They are located on the cell surface membranes. Together with glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, known as the glycocalyx, they play critical roles in multiple cellular functions and signal transduction and have several biological properties such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, anti-viral activity, and anti-tumor immunity. This article focused on the sources and pharmacological effects of glyceroglycolipids, which are naturally present in various marine algae, including planktonic algae and benthic algae, with the aim to highlight the promising potential of glyceroglycolipids in clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha-sha Guo
- Key Laboratory of Theory of TCM, Ministry of Education of China, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-guo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theory of TCM, Ministry of Education of China, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-guo Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shiels K, Tsoupras A, Lordan R, Zabetakis I, Murray P, Kumar Saha S. Anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties of polar lipid extracts, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, from the Irish marine cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
10
|
Zampieri RM, Adessi A, Caldara F, De Philippis R, Dalla Valle L, La Rocca N. In vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of microbial polysaccharides extracted from Euganean therapeutic muds. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1710-1719. [PMID: 35483514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic thermal mud produced by spas of the Euganean Thermal District (Italy) is used as a treatment for arthro-rheumatic diseases. Its production involves the growth of a specific microbiota embedded in a polysaccharidic matrix. Polysaccharides (Microbial-PolySaccharides, M-PS) released in the mud by the resident microorganisms were extracted and analyzed. The monosaccharidic composition analysis showed the presence of galacturonic acid, mannose, xylose, ribose and glucose and a high percentage of sulfated groups in the polymers. To assess their involvement in the therapeutic efficacy of the mud, the M-PS were tested using the model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio). The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were evaluated after confirming the lack of toxic effects during development. Inflammatory state was induced chemically with copper sulfate, or through tail fin amputation procedure and UVB exposure. Recovery from inflammatory condition after exposure to M-PS was always observed with specific morphometric analyses, and further supported by qPCR. Genes linked with the inflammatory and oxidative stress response were investigated confirming the M-PS treatment's efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Adessi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via Maragliano 77, 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Caldara
- Pietro d'Abano Thermal Studies Center, Via Jappelli 5, Abano Terme, 35031 Padova, Italy.
| | - Roberto De Philippis
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via Maragliano 77, 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Luisa Dalla Valle
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta La Rocca
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ko CY, Xu JH, Chang YW, Lo YM, Wu JSB, Huang WC, Shen SC. Effects of α-Lipoic Acid on Phagocytosis of Oligomeric Beta-Amyloid1–42 in BV-2 Mouse Microglial Cells. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:788723. [PMID: 35095473 PMCID: PMC8790469 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.788723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: This study aimed to investigate the enhancing effect of vitamin-like alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on phagocytosis of oligomeric beta-amyloid (oAβ)1–42 in BV-2 mouse microglial cells. Methods: An in vitro model was established to investigate phagocytosis of oAβ1–42 in BV-2 cells. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the morphology of prepared oAβ1–42 was spherical particles. BV-2 cells treated with ALA were incubated with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labeled oAβ1–42 (FAM-oAβ1–42) for 24 h, followed by flow cytometer analysis, western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR, and immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis to assess the in vitro phagocytosis ability of oAβ1–42. Results: Alpha-lipoic acid significantly increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the CD36 receptor in BV-2 cells. ICC analysis showed that ALA significantly elevated CD36 protein expression in BV-2 cells both with and without oAβ1–42 treatment. Results from the flow cytometry analysis indicated that the CD36 receptor inhibitor significantly attenuated ALA-promoted phagocytosis of FAM-oAβ1–42 in BV-2 cells. Moreover, ICC analysis revealed that ALA caused the translocation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), which is known to regulate the expression of CD36 mRNA in BV-2 cells. ALA also elevated both the mRNA and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 in BV-2 cells. Conclusion: We postulated that ALA enhances oAβ1–42 phagocytosis by upregulating the COX-2/15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2/PPAR-γ/CD36 pathway in BV-2 cells. Finally, future studies should be conducted with an in vivo study to confirm the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Department of Tumor Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - James Swi-Bea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Szu-Chuan Shen,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang T, Guo L, Li R, Wang F, Yang WM, Yang JB, Cui ZQ, Zhou CH, Chen YH, Yu H, Peng ZW, Tan QR. Alterations of Plasma Lipids in Adult Women With Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:927817. [PMID: 35923457 PMCID: PMC9339614 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.927817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics has been established as a potential tool for the investigation of mental diseases. However, the composition analysis and the comparison of the peripheral lipids regarding adult women with major depressive depression (MDD) or bipolar depression (BPD) has been poorly addressed. In the present study, age-matched female individuals with MDD (n = 28), BPD (n = 22) and healthy controls (HC, n = 25) were enrolled. Clinical symptoms were assessed and the plasma samples were analyzed by comprehensive lipid profiling based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). We found that the composition of lipids was remarkably changed in the patients with MDD and BPD when compared to HC or compared to each other. Moreover, we identified diagnostic potential biomarkers comprising 20 lipids that can distinguish MDD from HC (area under the curve, AUC = 0.897) and 8 lipids that can distinguish BPD from HC (AUC = 0.784), as well as 13 lipids were identified to distinguish MDD from BPD with moderate reliability (AUC = 0.860). This study provides further understanding of abnormal lipid metabolism in adult women with MDD and BPD and may develop lipid classifiers able to effectively discriminate MDD from BPD and HC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen-Mao Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Bin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Cui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing-Rong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo L, Zhang T, Li R, Cui ZQ, Du J, Yang JB, Xue F, Chen YH, Tan QR, Peng ZW. Alterations in the Plasma Lipidome of Adult Women With Bipolar Disorder: A Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics Research. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:802710. [PMID: 35386518 PMCID: PMC8978803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.802710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics has become a pivotal tool in biomarker discovery for the diagnosis of psychiatric illnesses. However, the composition and quantitative analysis of peripheral lipids in female patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have been poorly addressed. In this study, plasma samples from 24 female patients with BD and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed by comprehensive lipid profiling and quantitative validation based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clinical characteristics and a correlation between the level of lipid molecules and clinical symptoms were also observed. We found that the quantitative alterations in several lipid classes, including acylcarnitine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, GM2, sphingomyelin, GD2, triglyceride, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and lysophosphatidylinositol, were remarkably upregulated or downregulated in patients with BD and were positively or negatively correlated with the severity of psychotic, affective, or mania symptoms. Meanwhile, the composition of different carbon chain lengths and degrees of fatty acid saturation for these lipid classes in BD were also different from those of HCs. Moreover, 55 lipid molecules with significant differences and correlations with the clinical parameters were observed. Finally, a plasma biomarker set comprising nine lipids was identified, and an area under the curve of 0.994 was obtained between patients with BD and the HCs. In conclusion, this study provides a further understanding of abnormal lipid metabolism in the plasma and suggests that specific lipid species can be used as complementary biomarkers for the diagnosis of BD in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Bin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fen Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing-Rong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang'an Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tan KC, Pham TX, Lee Y, Lee JY, Balunas MJ. Identification of Apocarotenoids as Chemical Markers of In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity for Spirulina Supplements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12674-12685. [PMID: 34672564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Identification of chemical markers in food additives and dietary supplements is crucial for quantitative assessment and standardization of their quality and efficacy. Arthrospira platensis, formerly Spirulina platensis and known colloquially as spirulina, has been widely investigated for its various biological effects, including anti-inflammation, antihypertension, antioxidant, and antiatherosclerosis. In this study, we utilized an approach involving a combination of bioassay-guided fractionation, synthesis, mass spectral molecular networking, principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis to identify measurable chemical markers in spirulina products that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of commercial products in downregulating the expression level of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Consequently, we found that the apocarotenoids 3-hydroxy-β-ionone (1) and apo-13-zeaxanthinones (2a/2b) significantly repressed expression of IL-1β (9.5 ± 1.5 and 28.7 ± 0.6%, respectively) and IL-6 (10.1 ± 0.7 and 6.1 ± 0.4%, respectively) at 10 μg/mL (p < 0.05) using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Notably, this is the first report of the isolation of these apocarotenoids from spirulina and their in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. Finally, we propose the use of our approach as a convenient way to establish markers in other dietary supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Tan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Tho X Pham
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Marcy J Balunas
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
DI ONOFRIO VALERIA, MAIONE ANGELA, GUIDA MARCO, DE CASTRO OLGA, LIGUORI RENATO, CARRATURO FEDERICA, GALDIERO EMILIA. Screening and isolation of microbes from a Mud Community of Ischia Island Thermal Springs: preliminary analysis of a bioactive compound. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2021; 62:E479-E488. [PMID: 34604589 PMCID: PMC8451329 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Balneotherapy centers of Ischia island (Italy) offer treatments for different dermatological diseases (psoriasis, acne, atopic dermatitis) and upper respiratory tract infections. In this study, we integrated morphological and molecular approaches to give a focus on isolation and screening of extremophile bacteria from Ischia thermal mud for potential antimicrobial applications. Methods Samples were collected during 2019 at four sites. Some bacterial strains ATCC for antibacterial and antibiofilm activity were tested. After morphological characterization, screening for antagonistic isolates was made. The colonies isolated from thermal mud samples were submitted to molecular characterization. Susceptibility testing by dilution spotting was carried out and antibacterial efficacies of most active isolate were evaluated with a Minimal inhibition concentration assay. Biofilm formation, inhibition, eradication were examined. Statistical analyses were carried out utilizing Microsoft® Excel 2016/XLSTAT©-Pro. Results We isolated a natural compound with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Conclusions The results obtained in this study are discussed in the context of how hydrothermal systems are important environmental source of uncharted antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds. In conclusion, to the most effective of our knowledge, this work presents the primary report on the preliminary investigation of thermophile microbial diversity and their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities for future biotechnological interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- VALERIA DI ONOFRIO
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - ANGELA MAIONE
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - MARCO GUIDA
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - OLGA DE CASTRO
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - RENATO LIGUORI
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - FEDERICA CARRATURO
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - EMILIA GALDIERO
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: Emilia Galdiero, Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy - Tel.: +39 081 679182 - E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lyu J, Gao R, Guo Z. Galactosyldiacylglycerols: From a Photosynthesis-Associated Apparatus to Structure-Defined In Vitro Assembling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8910-8928. [PMID: 33793221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Being ubiquitously present in plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria and as the major constituents of thylakoid membranes, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) make up approximately 52 and 26%, respectively, of chloroplast lipids. Thylakoid membranes harbor the photosynthetic complexes and numerous essential biochemical pathways where MGDG and DGDG play a central role in facilitating photosynthesis light reaction, maintaining chloroplast morphology, and responding to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, these galactolipids are also bioactive compounds with antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory activities and important nutritional value. These characteristics are strictly dependent upon their fatty acyl chain length, olefinic nature, and stereoconfiguration. However, their application potentials are practically untapped, largely as a result of the fact that their availability in large quantity and high purity (structured galactolipids) is challenging. In addition to laborious extraction from natural sources, in vitro assembling of these molecules could be a promising alternative. Thus, this review updates the latest advances in elucidating biosynthesis paths of MGDG and DGDG and related enzyme systems, which present invaluable inspiration to design approaches for a retrosynthesis of galactolipids. More critically, this work summarizes recent developments in the biological and enzymatic syntheses of galactolipids, especially the strategic scenarios for the construction of in vitro enzymatic and/or chemoenzymatic synthesis routes. Protein engineering of enzymes involved in the synthesis of MGDG and DGDG to improve their properties is highlighted, and the applications of galactolipids in foods and medicine are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Lyu
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Technical Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Grabowska K, Galanty A, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Wróbel-Biedrawa D, Żmudzki P, Załuski D, Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Paśko P, Pękala E, Podolak I. Multidirectional anti-melanoma effect of galactolipids (MGDG-1 and DGDG-1) from Impatiens parviflora DC. and their synergy with doxorubicin. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 76:105231. [PMID: 34358613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The anti-melanoma potential of galactolipids: MGDG-1 and DGDG-1, isolated from Impatiens parviflora, and their synergistic effect with anticancer drug - doxorubicin (DOX) was investigated. Both compounds demonstrated time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human melanoma cells of different metastatic potential. MGDG-1 was more effective than DGDG-1, with the highest activity against A375 cell line (IC50 = 15.14 μg/mL). Both compounds acted selectively, were devoid of hepatotoxicity or mutagenicity. Additionally, MGDG-1 proved to be a tyrosinase inhibitor. Co-administration of MGDG-1 and DGDG-1 with DOX revealed a synergistic cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells. The cytotoxicity of all tested MGDG-1/DOX and DGDG-1/DOX cocktails was considerably higher than that of each agent administered alone. MGDG-1/DOX (Mix3) reduced the viability of A375 melanoma cells almost totally and this effect was 2-fold more potent as compared to DOX alone. Our study indicates that the overall effect is enhanced with the increasing concentration of MGDG-1 in the cocktail. These results open up a possibility for lowering therapeutic doses of chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin when co-administrated with galactolipids. Thus, MGDG-1 can be prospectively considered as multidirectional anti-melanoma agent and can be recommended for further in vitro and in vivo studies, especially in search for effective combined therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Wróbel-Biedrawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85 -094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zi Y, Yao M, Lu Z, Lu F, Bie X, Zhang C, Zhao H. Glycoglycerolipids from the leaves of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (Labiatae) and their anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 184:112679. [PMID: 33550195 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A described monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and two undescribed digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs) were isolated from the leaves of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton (Labiatae) by using silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The elucidation of complete structure of these compounds were conducted by using MS and NMR techniques. The MGDG (7.5% of total lipids) was identified as 1,2-2-O-(9Z,12Z,15E-octadecatrienoyl)-3-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol. The two DGDGs (2.8% and 1.0% of total lipids, respectively) were identified as 1-O-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-2-O-(6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoyl)-3-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1″→6')-α-D-galactopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol and 1-O- hexadecanoyl -2-O-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoy -l)-3-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1″→6')-α-D-galactopyranosyl]-sn-glycerol, respectively. All the isolated MGDG and DGDGs were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells. All of them showed good inhibitory activities and significantly blocked the production of LPS-induced TNF-α, (IL)-1β and IL-6. The above results shed some light on a better understanding of the traditional anti-inflammatory effect of Perilla frutescens and reveal the potential anti-inflammatory constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mengjia Yao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carraro U, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. Translational research on Myology and Mobility Medicine: 2021 semi-virtual PDM3 from Thermae of Euganean Hills, May 26 - 29, 2021. Eur J Transl Myol 2021; 31:9743. [PMID: 33733717 PMCID: PMC8056169 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2021.9743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
On 19-21 November 2020, the meeting of the 30 years of the Padova Muscle Days was virtually held while the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic was hitting the world after a seemingly quiet summer. During the 2020-2021 winter, the epidemic is still active, despite the start of vaccinations. The organizers hope to hold the 2021 Padua Days on Myology and Mobility Medicine in a semi-virtual form (2021 S-V PDM3) from May 26 to May 29 at the Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padova, Italy. Here the program and the Collection of Abstracts are presented. Despite numerous world problems, the number of submitted/selected presentations (lectures and oral presentations) has increased, prompting the organizers to extend the program to four dense days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Padova, Italy; CIR-Myo - Myology Centre, University of Padova, Italy; A-C Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova.
| | - Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hossain MM, Tovar J, Cloetens L, Florido MTS, Petersson K, Prothon F, Nilsson A. Oat Polar Lipids Improve Cardiometabolic-Related Markers after Breakfast and a Subsequent Standardized Lunch: A Randomized Crossover Study in Healthy Young Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030988. [PMID: 33803802 PMCID: PMC8003140 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that intake of polar lipids may beneficially modulate various metabolic variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oat polar lipids on postprandial and second meal glycemic regulation, blood lipids, gastrointestinal hormones, and subjective appetite-related variables in healthy humans. In a randomized design, twenty healthy subjects ingested four liquid cereal-based test beverages (42 g of available carbohydrates) containing: i. 30 g of oat oil with a low concentration (4%) of polar lipids (PLL), ii. 30 g of oat oil containing a high concentration (40%) of polar lipids (PLH), iii. 30 g of rapeseed oil (RSO), and iv. no added lipids (NL). The products were served as breakfast meals followed by a standardized lunch. Test variables were measured at fasting and during 3 h after breakfast and two additional hours following a standardized lunch. PLH reduced glucose and insulin responses after breakfast (0-120 min) compared to RSO, and after lunch (210-330 min) compared to RSO and PLL (p < 0.05). Compared to RSO, PLH resulted in increased concentrations of the gut hormones GLP-1 and PYY after the standardized lunch (p < 0.05). The results suggest that oat polar lipids have potential nutraceutical properties by modulating acute and second meal postprandial metabolic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukul Hossain
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (J.T.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-222-95-34
| | - Juscelino Tovar
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (J.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (M.T.S.F.)
| | - Maria T. Soria Florido
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (M.T.S.F.)
| | | | | | - Anne Nilsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (J.T.); (A.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Noh Y, Lee H, Kim M, Hong SJ, Lee H, Kim DM, Cho BK, Lee CG, Choi HK. Enhanced Production of Photosynthetic Pigments and Various Metabolites and Lipids in the Cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 7338 Culture in the Presence of Exogenous Glucose. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020214. [PMID: 33546462 PMCID: PMC7913732 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synechocystis strains are cyanobacteria that can produce useful biomaterials for biofuel and pharmaceutical resources. In this study, the effects of exogenous glucose (5-mM) on cell growth, photosynthetic pigments, metabolites, and lipids in Synechocystis sp. PCC 7338 (referred to as Synechocystis 7338) were investigated. Exogenous glucose increased cell growth on days 9 and 18. The highest production (mg/L) of chlorophyll a (34.66), phycocyanin (84.94), allophycocyanin (34.28), and phycoerythrin (6.90) was observed on day 18 in Synechocystis 7338 culture under 5-mM glucose. Alterations in metabolic and lipidomic profiles under 5-mM glucose were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and nanoelectrospray ionization-MS. The highest production (relative intensity/L) of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycerol-3-phosphate, linolenic acid, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) 16:0/18:1, MGDG 16:0/20:2, MGDG 18:1/18:2, neophytadiene, oleic acid, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) 16:0/16:0, and PG 16:0/17:2 was achieved on day 9. The highest production of pyroglutamic acid and sucrose was observed on day 18. We suggest that the addition of exogenous glucose to Synechocystis 7338 culture could be an efficient strategy for improving growth of cells and production of photosynthetic pigments, metabolites, and intact lipid species for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YuJin Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.N.); (H.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.N.); (H.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Myeongsun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.N.); (H.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Seong-Joo Hong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.-J.H.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Hookeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 13120, Korea;
| | - Dong-Myung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Choul-Gyun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.-J.H.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.N.); (H.L.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5605
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Microbiota of the Therapeutic Euganean Thermal Muds with a Focus on the Main Cyanobacteria Species. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101590. [PMID: 33076380 PMCID: PMC7650686 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Euganean Thermal District has been known since Roman times for the therapeutic properties of peloids, obtained from natural clays that have undergone a traditional maturation process. This leads to the growth of a green microbial biofilm with Cyanobacteria and the target species Phormidium sp. ETS-05 as fundamental components for their ability to synthetize anti-inflammatory molecules. Currently, in-depth studies on the microbiota colonizing Euganean peloids, as in general on peloids utilized worldwide, are missing. This is the first characterization of the microbial community of Euganean thermal muds, also investigating the effects of environmental factors on its composition. We analysed 53 muds from 29 sites (Spas) using a polyphasic approach, finding a stable microbiota peculiar to the area. Differences among mud samples mainly depended on two parameters: water temperature and shading of mud maturation plants. In the range 37-47 °C and in the case of irradiance attenuation due to the presence of protective roofs, a statistically significant higher mud Chl a content was detected. Moreover, in these conditions, a characteristic microbial and Cyanobacteria population composition dominated by Phormidium sp. ETS-05 was observed. We also obtained the complete genome sequence of this target species using a mixed sequencing approach based on Illumina and Nanopore sequencing.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yanagita T, Tsuge K, Koga M, Inoue N, Nagao K. Eicosapentaenoic acid-containing polar lipids from seaweed Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) alleviate hepatic steatosis in obese db/db mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 691:108486. [PMID: 32710880 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most common liver disease in industrialized countries. Because hepatic steatosis is an early pathogenesis of NAFLD, the discovery of food components that could ameliorate hepatic steatosis is of interest. Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) is recognized as one of the most delicious edible brown algae, and we prepared lipid component of susabinori (SNL), which is rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-containing polar lipids. In this study, we tested whether feeding SNL to db/db mice protects them from developing obesity-induced hepatic steatosis. After four weeks of feeding, hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, and hepatic injury were markedly alleviated in SNL-fed db/db mice. These effects were partly attributable to the suppression of activities and mRNA expressions of lipogenic enzymes and enhanced levels of adiponectin due to the SNL diet. Additionally, mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, an inflammatory chemokine, was markedly suppressed, and the mRNA levels of PPARδ, the anti-inflammatory transcription factor, were strongly enhanced in the livers of db/db mice by the SNL diet. We speculate that the development and progression of obesity-induced hepatic steatosis was prevented by the suppression of chronic inflammation due to the combination of bioactivities of EPA, phospholipids, and glycolipids in the SNL diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan; Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nishikyushu University, Kanzaki, 842-8585, Japan; Saga Regional Industry Support Center, Saga, 849-0932, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tsuge
- Industrial Technology Center of Saga, Saga, 849-0932, Japan
| | - Misato Koga
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Nao Inoue
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Nagao
- Department of Biological Resource Science, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Structural Elucidation of Irish Ale Bioactive Polar Lipids with Antithrombotic Properties. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071075. [PMID: 32708453 PMCID: PMC7407377 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The structures of bioactive polar lipids (PLs) of Irish ale with potent antithrombotic and cardioprotective properties were elucidated. Ale PL was fractionated by preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) into subclasses, and their antithrombotic effect was assessed against human platelet aggregation induced by the pro-inflammatory mediator, platelet-activating factor (PAF). The fatty acid content and the overall structures of ale PL were elucidated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Phosphatidylcholines (PC) and molecules of the sphingomyelin (SM) family exhibited the strongest anti-PAF effects, followed by phosphatidylethanolamines (PE). PC contained higher amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and thus the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio. Bioactive diacyl and alkyl-acyl PC and PE molecules bearing n-3 PUFA at their sn-2 position, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) but mostly oleic acid (OA), were identified in both PC and PE subclasses. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was present only in bioactive PC molecules and not in PE, explaining the lower anti-PAF effects of PE. Bioactive sphingolipid and glycolipid molecules with reported anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties, such as specific ceramides and glucosylcerebrosides with sphingosine, phytosphingosine and dihydrosphingosine bases but also specific monogalactodiglycerides and SM species bearing ALA at their sn-2 position, were identified in the SM subclass, providing a rational for its strong bioactivities against the PAF pathway. Further studies are required on the health benefits of bioactive PL from beer and brewery by-products.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zampieri RM, Adessi A, Caldara F, Codato A, Furlan M, Rampazzo C, De Philippis R, La Rocca N, Dalla Valle L. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Exopolysaccharides from Phormidium sp. ETS05, the Most Abundant Cyanobacterium of the Therapeutic Euganean Thermal Muds, Using the Zebrafish Model. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040582. [PMID: 32290043 PMCID: PMC7226003 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Euganean Thermal District (Italy) represents the oldest and largest thermal center in Europe, and its therapeutic mud is considered a unique product whose beneficial effects have been documented since Ancient Roman times. Mud properties depend on the heat and electrolytes of the thermal water, as well as on the bioactive molecules produced by its biotic component, mainly represented by cyanobacteria. The investigation of the healing effects of compounds produced by the Euganean cyanobacteria represents an important goal for scientific validation of Euganean mud therapies and for the discovering of new health beneficial biomolecules. In this work, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Phormidium sp. ETS05, the most abundant cyanobacterium of the Euganean mud. Specifically, Phormidium EPS resulted in exerting anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution activities in chemical and injury-induced zebrafish inflammation models as demonstrated using specific transgenic zebrafish lines and morphometric and expression analyses. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro tests showed no toxicity at all for the EPS concentrations tested. The results suggest that these EPS, with their combined anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution activities, could be one of the most important therapeutic molecules present in the Euganean mud and confirm the potential of these treatments for chronic inflammatory disease recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Margherita Zampieri
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (R.M.Z.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Alessandra Adessi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via Maragliano 77, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.A.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Fabrizio Caldara
- Pietro d’Abano Thermal Studies Center, Via Jappelli 5, Abano Terme, 35031 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alessia Codato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (R.M.Z.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Mattia Furlan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (R.M.Z.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Chiara Rampazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (R.M.Z.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Roberto De Philippis
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via Maragliano 77, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.A.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Nicoletta La Rocca
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (R.M.Z.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.R.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Luisa Dalla Valle
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (R.M.Z.); (A.C.); (M.F.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.R.); (L.D.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
He R, Hua K, Zhang S, Wan Y, Gong H, Ma B, Luo R, Zhou R, Jin H. COX-2 mediated crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and the NF-κB signaling pathway during inflammatory responses induced by Haemophilus parasuis in PK-15 and NPTr cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:103588. [PMID: 31887319 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis infection causes typical acute systemic inflammation in pigs, is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis inflammation, and results in great economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. However, the molecular details of how the host modulates the acute inflammatory response induced by H. parasuis are largely unknown. In previous studies, we found that H. parasuis high-virulence strain SH0165 infection induced the activation of both Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling in PK-15 and NPTr cells. In this study, we found that the activation of NF-κB, a central hub in inflammatory signaling, was impeded by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during H. parasuis infection. In contrast, blocking NF-κB activity had no effect on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during H. parasuis infection. Furthermore, we found that the inhibitory effect of β-catenin on NF-κB activity was mediated by its target gene, pig cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Therefore, we demonstrated that H. parasuis infection activates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which leads to decreased NF-κB activity, reducing the acute inflammatory response in pigs. Additionally, the data provide a possible perspective for understanding the anti-inflammatory role of Wnt/β-catenin in pigs during bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kexin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Sihua Zhang
- Wuhan Animal Disease Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, 430016, China
| | - Yun Wan
- Wuhan Animal Disease Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, 430016, China
| | - Huimin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Elagoz AM, Ambrosino L, Lauritano C. De novo transcriptome of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium identifies genes involved in the metabolism of anti-inflammatory compounds. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4138. [PMID: 32139778 PMCID: PMC7058042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are the most diverse and abundant group of phytoplankton species and represent a huge reservoir of marine natural products with possible application for human health. Several diatoms are known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, but the compounds responsible of these activities are often still unknown. The diatom Cylindrotheca closterium showed anti-inflammatory properties inhibiting TNFα release in human monocytic leukemia cells. In this study, we present the full transcriptome of C. closterium, and used an -omic approach to identify transcripts coding enzymes that can be involved in the synthesis/degradation of anti-inflammatory compounds. This approach allowed to identify phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3, phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase and violaxanthin de-epoxidase, which are known to be involved in anti-inflammatory compound metabolism. When C. closterium was cultured in silica-starvation conditions, selected as stress condition to potentially trigger the synthesis of bioactive metabolites, anti-inflammatory activity was lost and expression levels of the analyzed transcripts were reduced. These data suggested that the control culturing condition was the most active. This study used for the first time a transcriptomic-guided approach to identify enzymes involved in anti-inflammatory compound metabolism, directing future discoveries of marine natural products in microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Elagoz
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
- Ghent University, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Apostu D, Lucaciu O, Mester A, Oltean-Dan D, Baciut M, Baciut G, Bran S, Onisor F, Piciu A, Pasca RD, Maxim A, Benea H. Systemic drugs with impact on osteoarthritis. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:498-523. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1687511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Apostu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mester
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Oltean-Dan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Baciut
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Onisor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andra Piciu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana D. Pasca
- Department of Biomolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Maxim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horea Benea
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Halloran MW, Lumb JP. Recent Applications of Diazirines in Chemical Proteomics. Chemistry 2019; 25:4885-4898. [PMID: 30444029 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of substrate-protein interactions is an important component of the drug development process. Due to the complexity of native cellular environments, elucidating these fundamental biochemical interactions remains challenging. Photoaffinity labeling (PAL) is a versatile technique that can provide insight into ligand-target interactions. By judicious modification of substrates with a photoreactive group, PAL creates a covalent crosslink between a substrate and its biological target following UV-irradiation. Among the commonly employed photoreactive groups, diazirines have emerged as the gold standard. In this Minireview, recent developments in the field of diazirine-based photoaffinity labeling will be discussed, with emphasis being placed on their applications in chemical proteomic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Halloran
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The use of natural media amendments to produce kale enhanced with functional lipids in controlled environment production system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14771. [PMID: 30282974 PMCID: PMC6170470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets high in vegetable consumption is highly correlated with reduced risk of developing common lifestyle related diseases. We investigated the effects of three natural growth media amendments [potassium humate, dry vermicast, volcanic minerals or Promix alone (Control)] in enhancing the accumulation of functional lipids in greenhouse grown kale. Functional lipids (n9, n6, n3 fatty acids, diglycerides, galactolipids and phytosterols) were assessed using either gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS). The results showed volcanic minerals and dry vermicast were the most successful in enhancing the accumulation of functional lipids in kale. For example, dry vermicast enhanced the accumulation of total C18:1n9 and C16:3n3 fatty acids, while total C18:2n6 fatty acid accumulation was enhanced by volcanic minerals. In conclusion, natural growing medium amendments are remarkably effective in modulating the accumulation of functional lipids in kale grown under controlled-environment conditions. This could be a useful strategy for functional foods production in control environment production systems. Increase access to kale with enhanced functional lipids could aid in increase consumption of these health promotive compounds in the diet with potential implications in population health.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ki HH, Lee JH, Lee HY, Lee YM, Kim DK. Triticum aestivum Sprouts Extract Inhibits Azoymethane (AOM)/Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:928-937. [PMID: 30273050 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1490447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation is critical risk factor of colorectal cancer. Triticum aestivum sprouts have been reported to provide a number of health benefits and used as a dietary supplement. In this study, the authors investigated the regulatory effects of T. aestivum sprouts ethanol extract (TAEE) on experimental colorectal carcinogenesis in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model. Oral administration of TAEE significantly attenuated crypt destruction and tumor formation in AOM/DSS-treated mice. Levels of inflammatory mediators involved in colorectal carcinogenesis, that is, tumor necrosis factor-α, interkeukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were lower in the colons of 200 mg/kg TAEE-treated mice than in AOM/DSS controls (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that levels of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 and β-catenin were attenuated by TAEE in the colon tissues of AOM/DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, levels of β-catenin-related genes (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), which are known to contribute to cell cycle regulation, were decreased in the colon tissues of TAEE-treated mice versus AOM/DSS controls (p < 0.01). These results showed TAEE inhibited colon inflammation and neoplasm formation caused by AOM/DSS treatment, suggesting that TAEE could be useful for the prevention and treatment of colitis-associated colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Hui Ki
- a Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences , Medical School, Chonbuk National University , Jeonbuk , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute , Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- a Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences , Medical School, Chonbuk National University , Jeonbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon-Yeon Lee
- b Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute , Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- b Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute , Wonkwang University , Jeonbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- a Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences , Medical School, Chonbuk National University , Jeonbuk , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Opportunities for Lipid-Based Probes in the Field of Immunology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 420:283-319. [PMID: 30242513 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipids perform a wide range of functions inside the cell, ranging from structural building block of membranes and energy storage to cell signaling. The mode of action of many signaling lipids has remained elusive due to their low abundance, high lipophilicity, and inherent instability. Various chemical biology approaches, such as photoaffinity or activity-based protein profiling methods, have been employed to shed light on the biological role of lipids and the lipid-protein interaction profile. In this review, we will summarize the recent developments in the field of chemical probes to study lipid biology, especially in immunology, and indicate potential avenues for future research.
Collapse
|
33
|
Fornasini F. Mediterranean diet and SPA treatment: A healthy association? MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-17179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In 2014, around 1.9 billion adults over the age of 18 were overweight. In the United States and Europe obesity has become a primary public health problem. Many people who go often to SPAs to perform mud therapy are overweight. The possibility of a dietetic evaluation to follow a dietetic program could be an occasion for both slimming and food education. OBJECTIVES: We have look for a possible cooperation between Mediterranean diet and mudpack treatment in losing weight. METHODS: A 1 week/2 week follow up intervention with a low calories Mediterranean diet combined or not with mudpack treatment. The main outcome measures are weight, BIA (Body Impedence Assessment), waist-hip ratio, abdominal circumference. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The thermal spas are an opportunity to regain a good state of health, undergoing to traditional mudpack treatments, a balanced and low calories diet, physical activity under strict control of a personal Trainer, and relaxing and draining treatments. Most overweight and obese patients have lost weight and fat, and this seems to be due not only to low caloric regimen, but also to the mudpack therapy itself. It will be very important to carry out studies with larger statistical relevance in the future.
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Recent advances on Toll-like receptor 4 modulation: new therapeutic perspectives. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:461-476. [PMID: 29380635 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation or inhibition of TLR4 by small molecules will provide in the next few years a new generation of therapeutics. TLR4 stimulation (agonism) by high-affinity ligands mimicking lipid A gave vaccine adjuvants with improved specificity and efficacy that have been licensed and entered into the market. TLR4 inhibition (antagonism) prevents cytokine production at a very early stage; this is in principle a more efficient method to block inflammatory diseases compared to cytokines neutralization by antibodies. Advances in TLR4 modulation by drug-like small molecules achieved in the last years are reviewed. Recently discovered TLR4 agonists and antagonists of natural and synthetic origin are presented, and their mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship are discussed.
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang Z, Li X, Huang H, Wang G, Qu Z, Zhang H. Cross-Coupling Effects of Silencing of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/Aggrecanase-1 and Over-Expressed Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in an Osteoarthritis Animal Model. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5302-5310. [PMID: 29112682 PMCID: PMC5687117 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to observe the effect of lentivirus-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 and aggrecanase-1 silencing and insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after injection into model osteoarthritic knees. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using genetic recombination technique, the genes of cyclooxygenase-2, aggrecanase-1, and insulin-like growth factor-1 were recombined into the lentiviral vectors, and we transfected the human bone marrow stem cells in vitro. The BMSC transfected with lentivirus without genes served as a blank-virus group, and saline was used for another control group. One week later, the cytokines PGE2, aggrecanase-1, hIGF-1, and IL-1 were detected and compared between groups. RESULTS Compared with blank-virus group, the expression of COX-2 (85.81±5.12 ng/L) and aggrecanase1 (6.256±1.66) were decreased in the virus group (p<0.05), while the expression of hIGF-1 (17.46±1.86) was increased (p<0.05). The concentrations of PGE2 (85.81±5.12 ng/L), aggrecanase1 (51.34±5.463 ng/L), and IL-1 (82.31±4.321 ng/L) decreased (p<0.05) within the knee, but the concentration of hIGF-1 (44.33±0.7194 ng/L) increased (p<0.05). Compared with the other groups, the results of histological and immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that the abrasion of articular cartilage was significantly improved and repaired. CONCLUSIONS Lentivirus-mediated RNAi can inhibit the expression of COX-2 mRNA and aggrecanase-1mRNA, and enhance the hIGF-1 mRNA expression, thereby influencing the concentration of cytokines in the early osteoarthritic model knee joints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guozhong Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Qu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Haining Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Glycolipids from spinach suppress LPS-induced vascular inflammation through eNOS and NK-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
38
|
de Los Reyes C, Ortega MJ, Rodríguez-Luna A, Talero E, Motilva V, Zubía E. Molecular Characterization and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Galactosylglycerides and Galactosylceramides from the Microalga Isochrysis galbana. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8783-8794. [PMID: 27786470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Isochrysis galbana is a marine microalga rich in PUFAs that is widely used as feed in aquaculture and more recently investigated for its potential in food applications and as source of bioactive compounds. In this study, the biomass obtained from cultures of I. galbana has been investigated to determine its content in glycosylglycerides and glycosylceramides. By using NMR, UPLC-MS/MS, and fatty acid profiles, the structures of ten monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs 1-10) and nine digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs 11-19) have been established. Two distinctive features of the galactosylglycerides from I. galbana are the wide presence of highly unsaturated acyl chains derived from stearidonic acid (18:4Δ6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z) and octadecapentaenoic acid (18:5Δ3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z), as well as the unusual coexistence of αβ-DGDGs and ββ-DGDGs. Three new galactosylceramides, isogalbamides A-C (20-22), have also been isolated and characterized by NMR and MS/MS. These metabolites, which are the first galactosylceramides described from microalgae, derive from unprecedented tetraolefinic sphingoid bases. In anti-inflammatory assays, the MGDG and DGDG mixtures and the isolated DGDGs 11 and 12 showed significant activity as inhibitors of the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human THP-1 macrophages, while the galactosylceramides showed moderated activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Los Reyes
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - María J Ortega
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Talero
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Departamento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla , 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Zubía
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz , 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wei W, Qi D, Diao M, Zhaoxin L, Lv F, Zhao H. β-galactosidase-catalyzed synthesis of 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol: Optimization by response surface methodology. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1247815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Danping Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingming Diao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lu Zhaoxin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fengxia Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu X, Dong T, Zhou Y, Huang N, Lei X. Exploring the Binding Proteins of Glycolipids with Bifunctional Chemical Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ting Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Changping District Beijing 102206 China
| | - Niu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Changping District Beijing 102206 China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu X, Dong T, Zhou Y, Huang N, Lei X. Exploring the Binding Proteins of Glycolipids with Bifunctional Chemical Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14330-14334. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ting Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Changping District Beijing 102206 China
| | - Niu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS); Changping District Beijing 102206 China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Inafuku M, Takara K, Taira N, Nugara RN, Kamiyama Y, Oku H. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol: An abundant galactosyllipid of Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY leaves inhibits the expression of gene encoding fatty acid synthase. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:509-516. [PMID: 27064010 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leaves of Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY (CL) significantly decreased hepatic lipid accumulation and the expression of fatty acid synthase gene (FASN) in mice. PURPOSE We aimed to purify and identify the active compound(s) from CL and determine the inhibitory mechanism of expression of FASN. METHODS We purified monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) from extracts of CL (CL-MGDG) and showed that it was the active CL component through analyses of its effects on the expression of genes of human breast cancer cell line, SKBR-3. RESULTS The content and fatty acid composition of CL-MGDG are distinctly different from those of other vegetable-derived MGDGs. Treatment of SKBR-3 cells with MGDG decreased the level of FASN mRNA as well as the levels of mRNA encoding other protein involved in lipogenesis. Further, MGDG treatments significantly inhibited luciferase activities of constructs containing liver X receptor response element in FASN promoter region without altering the levels of mRNA encoding transcription factors. MGDG and the FASN inhibitor C75 decreased the viabilities of SKBR-3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. CL-MGDG more potently inhibited cell viability than a commercial MGDG preparation. CONCLUSIONS CL represents a good source of glycoglycerolipids with potential as functional ingredients of food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Inafuku
- Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kensaku Takara
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taira
- Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ruwani N Nugara
- Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | | | - Hirosuke Oku
- Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rahelivao MP, Gruner M, Andriamanantoanina H, Bauer I, Knölker HJ. Brown Algae (Phaeophyceae) from the Coast of Madagascar: preliminary Bioactivity Studies and Isolation of Natural Products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2015; 5:223-35. [PMID: 26358714 PMCID: PMC4607676 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-015-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eight species of brown algae (Phaeophyceae) from the coast of Madagascar have been investigated for their chemical constituents. Fucosterol (3) was obtained as the most abundant compound. The brown alga Sargassum ilicifolium was the source for the first isolation of the terpenoid C27-alcohol 1,1',2-trinorsqualenol (1) from marine sources. From S. incisifolium we isolated the highly unsaturated glycolipid 1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-stearidonoyl-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosylglycerol (4) and we report the first full assignment of its (1)H and (13)C NMR data. Apo-9'-fucoxanthinone (8) along with 24-ketocholesterol (5), (22E)-3β-hydroxycholesta-5,22-dien-24-one (6), and saringosterol (7) were obtained from Turbinaria ornata. The crude extracts of all eight species of brown algae exhibited a pronounced antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margit Gruner
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanta Andriamanantoanina
- Centre National de Recherche sur l'Environnement, MESupRes, BP 1739, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Ingmar Bauer
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Grabowska K, Podolak I, Galanty A, Załuski D, Makowska-Wąs J, Sobolewska D, Janeczko Z, Żmudzki P. In vitro anti-denaturation and anti-hyaluronidase activities of extracts and galactolipids from leaves of Impatiens parviflora DC. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:1219-23. [PMID: 26181315 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1049175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro anti-denaturation and anti-hyaluronidase activities of Impatiens parviflora extracts and isolated galactolipids (MGDG-1, DGDG-1) were investigated. This is the first report on these compounds in I. parviflora. All extracts showed anti-hyaluronidase activity, but only methanolic extract from fresh leaves exhibited significant activity against heat-induced denaturation of BSA in a dose-dependent manner. At 500 μg/mL, the extract and the reference drug showed 79.05% and 99.81% inhibition of protein denaturation, respectively. These results indicate that fresh leaves of I. parviflora may be beneficial in inflammatory conditions, especially those associated with protein denaturation, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The study revealed that only MGDG-1 showed weak activity in anti-denaturation assay but both galactolipids were potent inhibitors of hyaluronidase. MGDG-1 completely inhibited the enzyme activity at the concentration of 127.9 μg/mL. These results indicate the potential of galactolipids in the treatment of diseases associated with the loss of hyaluronic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Grabowska
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University , Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University , Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University , Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| | - Daniel Załuski
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University , Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| | - Justyna Makowska-Wąs
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University , Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| | - Danuta Sobolewska
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University , Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| | - Zbigniew Janeczko
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University , Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University , Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ulivi V, Tasso R, Cancedda R, Descalzi F. Mesenchymal stem cell paracrine activity is modulated by platelet lysate: induction of an inflammatory response and secretion of factors maintaining macrophages in a proinflammatory phenotype. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1858-69. [PMID: 24720766 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is achieved through distinct programmed phases: hemostasis, inflammation, mesenchymal cell proliferation and migration, and tissue remodeling. At the injury site, clot formation and platelet degranulation release cytokines and growth factors and actively participating in the healing process and regulating the migration of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. We previously demonstrated that, in an inflammatory environment, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promoted the macrophage switch from a proinflammatory to a proresolving phenotype. Using an in vitro model, we here evaluated the role carried out by the two main players of the wound healing process, the platelet degranulation content mimicked by the platelet lysate (PL) and the inflammatory stimulus, on the modulation of mouse bone-marrow-derived MSC paracrine activity. We demonstrated that, in MSCs, PL induced nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activation, expression of COX-2 and mPGE synthase, and PGE2 production; in an inflammatory microenvironment, PL increased the inflammatory response and promoted the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. We assayed on mouse primary macrophages the paracrine activity of MSCs exposed to the different microenvironments and we observed that PL-treated MSC-conditioned medium maintained macrophages in a proinflammatory state. The involved factors were granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor induced by PL in MSCs and TNF-α induced by PL-MSC-conditioned medium in macrophages. Our findings indicate that PL triggers an inflammatory response in MSCs and induces the secretion of factors maintaining macrophages in a proinflammatory state thus enhancing the initial inflammatory response to the injury, a key element in the activation of wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ulivi
- 1 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova , Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lopes G, Daletos G, Proksch P, Andrade PB, Valentão P. Anti-inflammatory potential of monogalactosyl diacylglycerols and a monoacylglycerol from the edible brown seaweed Fucus spiralis Linnaeus. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1406-18. [PMID: 24619274 PMCID: PMC3967218 DOI: 10.3390/md12031406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A monoacylglycerol (1) and a 1:1 mixture of two monogalactosyl diacylglycerols (MGDGs) (2 and 3) were isolated from the brown seaweed Fucus spiralis Linnaeus. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means (NMR and MS) and by comparison with the literature. Compound 1 was composed of a glycerol moiety linked to oleic acid (C18:1 Ω9). Compounds 2 and 3 contained a glycerol moiety linked to a galactose unit and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 Ω3) combined with octadecatetraenoic acid (C18:4 Ω3) or linolenic acid (C18:3 Ω3), respectively. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. All of them inhibited NO production at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The fraction consisting of compounds 2 and 3, in a ratio of 1:1, was slightly more effective than compound 1 (IC₅₀ of 60.06 and 65.70 µg/mL, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first report of these compounds from F. spiralis and on their anti-inflammatory capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciliana Lopes
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Georgios Daletos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pereira RC, Scaranari M, Benelli R, Strada P, Reis RL, Cancedda R, Gentili C. Dual effect of platelet lysate on human articular cartilage: a maintenance of chondrogenic potential and a transient proinflammatory activity followed by an inflammation resolution. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1476-88. [PMID: 23360471 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a cocktail of platelet growth factors and bioactive proteins, has been proposed as a therapeutic agent to restore damaged articular cartilage. We report the biological effect of the platelet lysate (PL), a PRP derivative, on primary human articular chondrocytes cultured under both physiological and inflammatory conditions. When added to the culture medium, PL induced a strong mitogenic response in the chondrocytes. The in vitro expanded cell population maintained a chondrogenic redifferentiation potential as revealed by micromass culture in vitro and ectopic cartilage formation in vivo. Further, in chondrocytes cultured in the presence of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α), the PL induced a drastic enhancement of the synthesis of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 and of neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin, a lipocalin expressed during chondrocyte differentiation and inflammation. These events were mediated by the p38 MAP kinase and NF-κB pathways. We observed that inflammatory stimuli activated phospo-MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2, a direct target of p38. The proinflammatory effect of the PL was a transient phenomenon; after an initial upregulation, we observed significant reduction of the NF-κB activity together with the repression of the inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, the medium of chondrocytes cultured in the simultaneous presence of PL and IL-1α, showed a significant enhancement of the chemoattractant activity versus untreated chondrocytes. Our findings support the concept that the platelet products have a direct beneficial effect on articular chondrocytes and could drive in sequence a transient activation and the resolution of the inflammatory process, thus providing a rational for their use as therapeutic agents in cartilage inflammation and damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cruz Pereira
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
A PPARγ ligand present in Actinidia fruit (Actinidia chrysantha) is identified as dilinolenoyl galactosyl glycerol. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:BSR20120110. [PMID: 23548247 PMCID: PMC3654553 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20120110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation of Actinidia fruit species, including Kiwifruit, has identified DLGG (dilinolenoyl galactosyl glycerol) as a potent PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) ligand. DLGG is a type of MGDG (monogalactosyl diacylglycerol) and is present in all chloroplasts, and therefore all green fruits and vegetables. PPARγ is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates glucose metabolism and inflammation. An ethyl acetate extract of Actinidia chrysantha was fractionated by HPLC and the PPARγ-binding activity was detected by FP (fluorescence polarization). Linoleic and α-linolenic acids in A. chrysantha were readily detected as PPARγ ligands. Slow-binding PPARγ ligands were detected in several hydrophobic fractions. High-resolution MS identified DLGG as one of these ligands and confirmed that its binding is non-covalent. DLGG is a slow-binding PPARγ ligand with an IC50 of 1.64 μM, ±0.093 achieved after 45 min equilibration. DLGG is the first example of a form of DAG (diacylglycerol) that is a PPARγ ligand. In addition, DLGG is the first reported glycolipid ligand for PPARγ and also the first non-covalent, slow-binding PPARγ ligand.
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Wang X, Yu YY, Lieu S, Yang F, Lang J, Lu C, Werb Z, Hu D, Miclau T, Marcucio R, Colnot C. MMP9 regulates the cellular response to inflammation after skeletal injury. Bone 2013; 52:111-9. [PMID: 23010105 PMCID: PMC3513654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Like other tissue injuries, bone fracture triggers an inflammatory response, which plays an important role in skeletal repair. Inflammation is believed to have both positive and negative effects on bone repair, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are not well understood. To assess the role of inflammation on skeletal cell differentiation, we used mouse models of fracture repair that stimulate either intramembranous or endochondral ossification. In the first model, fractures are rigidly stabilized leading to direct bone formation, while in the second model, fracture instability causes cartilage and bone formation. We compared the inflammatory response in these two mechanical environments and found changes in the expression patterns of inflammatory genes and in the recruitment of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts. These results suggested that the inflammatory response could influence skeletal cell differentiation after fracture. We then exploited matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) that is expressed in inflammatory cells and osteoclasts, and which we previously showed is a potential regulator of cell fate decisions during fracture repair. Mmp9(-/-) mice heal stabilized fractures via endochondral ossification, while wild type mice heal via intramembranous ossification. In parallel, we observed increases in macrophages and T cells in the callus of Mmp9(-/-) compared to wild type mice. To assess the link between the profile of inflammatory cells and skeletal cell fate functionally, we transplanted Mmp9(-/-) mice with wild type bone marrow, to reconstitute a wild type hematopoietic lineage in interaction with the Mmp9(-/-) stroma and periosteum. Following transplantation, Mmp9(-/-) mice healed stabilized fractures via intramembranous ossification and exhibited a normal profile of inflammatory cells. Moreover, Mmp9(-/-) periosteal grafts healed via intramembranous ossification in wild type hosts, but healed via endochondral ossification in Mmp9(-/-) hosts. We observed that macrophages accumulated at the periosteal surface in Mmp9(-/-) mice, suggesting that cell differentiation in the periosteum is influenced by factors such as BMP2 that are produced locally by inflammatory cells. Taken together, these results show that MMP9 mediates indirect effects on skeletal cell differentiation by regulating the inflammatory response and the distribution of inflammatory cells, leading to the local regulation of periosteal cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yan Yiu Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Shirley Lieu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Frank Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Chuanyong Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Diane Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Ralph Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Céline Colnot
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- INSERM U781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|