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Zhong L, Chang W, Luo B, Gao W, He H, Fang M, Li H, Wen Z, Chen Y. Development and validation of a disulfidptosis and disulfide metabolism-related risk index for predicting prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38167017 PMCID: PMC10763446 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disulfidptosis is a recently proposed novel cell death mode in which cells with high SLC7A11 expression induce disulfide stress and cell death in response to glucose deficiency. The purpose of the research was to explore the function of disufidptosis and disulfide metabolism in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS The RNA-seq data from TCGA were divided into high/low expression group on the base of the median expression of SLC7A11, and the characteristic of differentially expressed disulfide metabolism-related genes. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was conducted the disulfidptosis and disulfide metabolism risk index. The tumor mutation burden (TMB), mechanism, pathways, tumor microenvironment (TME), and immunotherapy response were assessed between different risk groups. The role of TXNRD1 in LUAD was investigated by cytological experiments. RESULTS We established the risk index containing 5 genes. There are significant differences between different risk groups in terms of prognosis, TMB and tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the low-risk group demonstrated a higher rate of response immunotherapy in the prediction of immunotherapy response. Experimental validation suggested that the knockdown of TXNRD1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD. CONCLUSION Our research highlights the enormous potential of disulfidptosis and disulfide metabolism risk index in predicting the prognosis of LUAD. And TXNRD1 has great clinical translational ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqi Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wuguang Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wuyou Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mouxiang Fang
- Institute of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Zhesheng Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Youfang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Hong L, Williams NL, Jaffe M, Shields CE, Haynes KA. Synthetic Reader-Actuators Targeted to Polycomb-Silenced Genes Block Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Proliferation and Invasion. GEN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 2:301-316. [PMID: 37928406 PMCID: PMC10623628 DOI: 10.1089/genbio.2023.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Scientists have used pharmacological inhibitors of polycomb proteins to restore the expression of tumor suppressor genes and stop cancer proliferation and invasion. A major limitation of this approach is that key transcriptional activators, such as TP53 and BAF SWI/SNF, are often mutated in cancer. Poor clinical results for polycomb-targeting therapies in solid cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), could discourage the further development of epigenetic monotherapies. Here, we performed epigenome actuation with a synthetic reader-actuator (SRA) that binds trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 in polycomb chromatin and modulates core transcriptional activators. In SRA-expressing TNBC BT-549 cells, 122 genes become upregulated ≥2-fold, including the genes involved in cell death, cell cycle arrest, and migration inhibition. The SRA-expressing spheroids showed reduced size in Matrigel and loss of invasion. Therefore, targeting Mediator-recruiting regulators to silenced chromatin can activate tumor suppressors and stimulate anti-cancer phenotypes, and further development of robust gene regulators might benefit TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hong
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Natecia L. Williams
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maya Jaffe
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cara E. Shields
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karmella A. Haynes
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Chen WC, Wu CC, Liu YP, Zhuo GY, Wang YK, Chen YH, Chen CC, Wang YH, Wu MT, Wu IC. Elafin as a Prognostic Marker in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study Using Three-Dimensional Imaging and Genomic Profiling. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3825. [PMID: 37568641 PMCID: PMC10417143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancers are globally the sixth deadliest malignancy, with limited curative options. The association of high serum elafin levels, a molecule produced by epithelial cells, with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk is established, but its link to poor ESCC prognosis remains unclear. To explore this question, we first used three-dimensional confocal imaging to create a model of the spatial distribution of elafin inside locoregional ESCC tissues. Then, after analyzing data obtained from whole-genome microarrays for ESCC cell lines and their more invasive sublines, we performed in vitro experiments using RNA sequencing to identify possible elafin-related pathways. Three-dimensional tissue imaging showed elafin distributed as an interweaved-like fibrous structure in the stroma of tissue obtained from patients with high serum levels of elafin and poorer prognoses. By contrast, the signal was confined inside or around the tumor nest in patients who had lower serum levels and better survival. The analysis of a TCGA dataset revealed that higher levels of elafin mRNA in stage I-IIIA ESCC patients were associated with shorter survival. The in vitro studies revealed that elafin promoted ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway. Thus, elafin inhibition could potentially be used therapeutically to improve survival in patients with locoregional ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (M.-T.W.)
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-K.W.)
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Kuang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-K.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chu-Chih Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Yin-Han Wang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (M.-T.W.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-K.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Geng T, Zheng M, Wang Y, Reseland JE, Samara A. An artificial intelligence prediction model based on extracellular matrix proteins for the prognostic prediction and immunotherapeutic evaluation of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1200354. [PMID: 37388244 PMCID: PMC10301747 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1200354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian Serous Adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from epithelial cells and one of the most common causes of death from gynecological cancers. The objective of this study was to develop a prediction model based on extracellular matrix proteins, using artificial intelligence techniques. The model aimed to aid healthcare professionals to predict the overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) and determine the efficacy of immunotherapy. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas Ovarian Cancer (TCGA-OV) data collection was used as the study dataset, whereas the TCGA-Pancancer dataset was used for validation. The prognostic importance of 1068 known extracellular matrix proteins for OC were determined by the Random Forest algorithm and the Lasso algorithm establishing the ECM risk score. Based on the gene expression data, the differences in mRNA abundance, tumour mutation burden (TMB) and tumour microenvironment (TME) between the high- and low-risk groups were assessed. Results: Combining multiple artificial intelligence algorithms we were able to identify 15 key extracellular matrix genes, namely, AMBN, CXCL11, PI3, CSPG5, TGFBI, TLL1, HMCN2, ESM1, IL12A, MMP17, CLEC5A, FREM2, ANGPTL4, PRSS1, FGF23, and confirm the validity of this ECM risk score for overall survival prediction. Several other parameters were identified as independent prognostic factors for OC by multivariate COX analysis. The analysis showed that thyroglobulin (TG) targeted immunotherapy was more effective in the high ECM risk score group, while the low ECM risk score group was more sensitive to the RYR2 gene-related immunotherapy. Additionally, the patients with low ECM risk scores had higher immune checkpoint gene expression and immunophenoscore levels and responded better to immunotherapy. Conclusion: The ECM risk score is an accurate tool to assess the patient's sensitivity to immunotherapy and forecast OC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Geng
- Department of Biomaterials, FUTURE, Center for Functional Tissue Reconstruction, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mengxue Zheng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, FUTURE, Center for Functional Tissue Reconstruction, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Athina Samara
- Department of Biomaterials, FUTURE, Center for Functional Tissue Reconstruction, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Arnhold J. Host-Derived Cytotoxic Agents in Chronic Inflammation and Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033016. [PMID: 36769331 PMCID: PMC9918110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
At inflammatory sites, cytotoxic agents are released and generated from invading immune cells and damaged tissue cells. The further fate of the inflammation highly depends on the presence of antagonizing principles that are able to inactivate these host-derived cytotoxic agents. As long as the affected tissues are well equipped with ready-to-use protective mechanisms, no damage by cytotoxic agents occurs and resolution of inflammation is initiated. However, long-lasting and severe immune responses can be associated with the decline, exhaustion, or inactivation of selected antagonizing principles. Hence, cytotoxic agents are only partially inactivated and contribute to damage of yet-unperturbed cells. Consequently, a chronic inflammatory process results. In this vicious circle of permanent cell destruction, not only novel cytotoxic elements but also novel alarmins and antigens are liberated from affected cells. In severe cases, very low protection leads to organ failure, sepsis, and septic shock. In this review, the major classes of host-derived cytotoxic agents (reactive species, oxidized heme proteins and free heme, transition metal ions, serine proteases, matrix metalloproteases, and pro-inflammatory peptides), their corresponding protective principles, and resulting implications on the pathogenesis of diseases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Lu W, Xie B, Tan G, Dai W, Ren J, Pervaz S, Li K, Li F, Wang Y, Wang M. Elafin is related to immune infiltration and could predict the poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1088944. [PMID: 36742380 PMCID: PMC9893492 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1088944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, yet the clinical results for OC patients are still variable. Therefore, we examined how elafin expression affects the patients' prognoses and immunotherapy responses in OC, which may facilitate treatment selection and improve prognosis. METHODS The elafin mRNA expression profile was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus. Elafin's prognostic potential and its relationship with clinical variables were investigated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves as well as univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. As validation, protein expression in the tumor and adjacent tissues of OC patients was investigated by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Comprehensive analyses were then conducted to explore the correlation between immune infiltration and elafin expression. RESULTS A higher mRNA expression of elafin was associated with an unfavorable prognosis in TCGA cohort and was validated in GSE31245 and IHC. Moreover, elafin was indicated as an independent risk factor for OC. A significantly higher protein expression of elafin was detected in the adjacent tissues of OC patients with shorter overall survival (OS). The immune-related pathways were mainly enriched in the high-elafin-mRNA-expression group. However, the mRNA expression of elafin was favorably correlated with indicators of the immune filtration and immunotherapy response, which also proved better immunotherapy outcomes. CONCLUSION The high elafin expression was associated with an unfavorable OS, while it also indicated better immunotherapy responses. Thus, the detection of elafin is beneficial to diagnosis and treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangqing Tan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanying Dai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi Ren
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sadaf Pervaz
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meijiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Meijiao Wang,
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Spectrofluorimetric and Computational Investigation of New Phthalimide Derivatives towards Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibition and Antiproliferative Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010110. [PMID: 36613577 PMCID: PMC9820738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, nine phthalimide-based thiazoles (4a-4i) were synthesized and investigated as new human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors using spectrofluorimetric and computational methods. The most active compounds containing 4-trifluoromethyl (4c), 4-naphthyl (4e) and 2,4,6-trichloro (4h) substituents in the phenyl ring exhibited high HNE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 12.98-16.62 µM. Additionally, compound 4c exhibited mixed mechanism of action. Computational investigation provided a consistent picture of the ligand-receptor pattern of inter-actions, common for the whole considered group of compounds. Moreover, compounds 4b, 4c, 4d and 4f showed high antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells lines MV4-11, and A549 with IC50 values of 8.21 to 25.57 µM. Additionally, compound 4g showed high activity against MDA-MB-231 and UMUC-3 with IC50 values of 9.66 and 19.81 µM, respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that the most active compound 4c demonstrated high stability under physiological conditions.
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Sengupta S, Abhinav N, Singh S, Dutta J, Mabalirajan U, Kaliyamurthy K, Mukherjee PK, Jaisankar P, Bandyopadhyay A. Standardised Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. fruit extract inhibits human neutrophil elastase and attenuates elastase-induced lung injury in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011216. [PMID: 36569308 PMCID: PMC9768866 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) along with asthma is a major and increasing global health problem. Smoking contributes to about 80%-90% of total COPD cases in the world. COPD leads to the narrowing of small airways and destruction of lung tissue leading to emphysema primarily caused by neutrophil elastase. Neutrophil elastase plays an important role in disease progression in COPD patients and has emerged as an important target for drug discovery. Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. is a mangrove plant belonging to family Sonneratiaceae. It is widely found in the Sundarban regions of India. While the fruits of this plant have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and astringent activities, fruit and leaf extracts have been shown to reduce the symptoms of asthma and cough. The aim of this study is to find whether hydro alcoholic fruit extracts of S. apetala inhibit neutrophil elastase and thus prevent the progression of neutrophil elastase-driven lung emphysema. The hydroalcoholic extract, ethanol: water (90:10), of the S. apetala Buch.-Ham. fresh fruits (SAM) were used for neutrophil elastase enzyme kinetic assay and IC50 of the extract was determined. The novel HPLC method has been developed and the extract was standardized with gallic acid and ellagic acid as standards. The extract was further subjected to LC-MS2 profiling to identify key phytochemicals. The standardized SAM extract contains 53 μg/mg of gallic acid and 95 μg/mg of ellagic acid, based on the HPLC calibration curve. SAM also reversed the elastase-induced morphological change of human epithelial cells and prevented the release of ICAM-1 in vitro and an MTT assay was conducted to assess the viability. Further, 10 mg/kg SAM had reduced alveolar collapse induced by neutrophil elastase in the mice model. Thus, in this study, we reported for the first time that S. apetala fruit extract has the potential to inhibit human neutrophil elastase in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Sengupta
- Cardiovascular Disease and Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Nipun Abhinav
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
| | - Sabita Singh
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Joytri Dutta
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Karthigeyan Kaliyamurthy
- Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, A.J.C.B. Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, India
| | | | - Parasuraman Jaisankar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,*Correspondence: Parasuraman Jaisankar, ; Arun Bandyopadhyay,
| | - Arun Bandyopadhyay
- Cardiovascular Disease and Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,*Correspondence: Parasuraman Jaisankar, ; Arun Bandyopadhyay,
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Discovery of New 3,3-Diethylazetidine-2,4-dione Based Thiazoles as Nanomolar Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors with Broad-Spectrum Antiproliferative Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147566. [PMID: 35886913 PMCID: PMC9321231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 3,3-diethylazetidine-2,4-dione based thiazoles 3a–3j were designed and synthesized as new human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors in nanomolar range. The representative compounds 3c, 3e, and 3h exhibit high HNE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 35.02–44.59 nM, with mixed mechanism of action. Additionally, the most active compounds 3c and 3e demonstrate high stability under physiological conditions. The molecular docking study showed good correlation of the binding energies with the IC50 values, suggesting that the inhibition properties are largely dependent on the stage of ligand alignment in the binding cavity. The inhibition properties are correlated with the energy level of substrates of the reaction of ligand with Ser195. Moreover, most compounds showed high and broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity against human leukemia (MV4-11), human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231), and urinary bladder carcinoma (UMUC-3), with IC50 values of 4.59–9.86 μM. Additionally, compounds 3c and 3e can induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis via caspase-3 activation, leading to inhibition of A549 cell proliferation. These findings suggest that these new types of drugs could be used to treat cancer and other diseases in which immunoreactive HNE is produced.
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Qokoyi NK, Masamba P, Kappo AP. Proteins as Targets in Anti-Schistosomal Drug Discovery and Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:762. [PMID: 34358178 PMCID: PMC8310332 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins hardly function in isolation; they form complexes with other proteins or molecules to mediate cell signaling and control cellular processes in various organisms. Protein interactions control mechanisms that lead to normal and/or disease states. The use of competitive small molecule inhibitors to disrupt disease-relevant protein-protein interactions (PPIs) holds great promise for the development of new drugs. Schistosome invasion of the human host involves a variety of cross-species protein interactions. The pathogen expresses specific proteins that not only facilitate the breach of physical and biochemical barriers present in skin, but also evade the immune system and digestion of human hemoglobin, allowing for survival in the host for years. However, only a small number of specific protein interactions between the host and parasite have been functionally characterized; thus, in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of these interactions is a key component in the development of new treatment methods. Efforts are now focused on developing a schistosomiasis vaccine, as a proposed better strategy used either alone or in combination with Praziquantel to control and eliminate this disease. This review will highlight protein interactions in schistosomes that can be targeted by specific PPI inhibitors for the design of an alternative treatment to Praziquantel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology (MBSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry, Kingsway Campus, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (N.K.Q.); (P.M.)
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Wu IC, Wang YK, Chen YH, Wu CC, Wu MC, Chen WC, Wang WL, Lin HS, Chen CC, Chou SH, Liu YP, Wu MT. High Serum Elafin Prediction of Poor Prognosis of Locoregional Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123082. [PMID: 34205756 PMCID: PMC8233752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Conventional serum markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) have a low sensitivity in predicting the prognosis of locoregional esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell (ESCC). In our clinical study, we found high serum elafin to be an independent outcome predictor for stage I-IIIA ESCC, considering T, N, overall stage, and treatment. In vitro experiments showed that adding recombinant elafin drove ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while shRNA attenuated elafin levels, abrogating those effects. Our results suggested serum elafin might be a noninvasive biomarker to predict the outcome of locoregional ESCC and could potentially be used as a therapeutic target. Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive tumor known to have locally advanced and metastatic features which cause a dismal prognosis. We sought to determine whether elafin, a non-invasive and secretory small-molecule marker, could be used to predict prognosis in locoregional ESCC patients in human and in vitro studies. In our human study, 119 subjects were identified as having incident and pathologically-proved ESCC with stage I-IIIA tumors from southern Taiwan between 2000 and 2016. We measured their serum elafin levels at baseline and followed them until the date of cancer death or until January 2020, the end of this study. Those with high serum elafin levels were found to have a 1.99-fold risk (95% confidence interval: 1.17–3.38) shorter survival than those who did not. In our in vitro experiments, elevated elafin levels were found to drive ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while attenuation of elafin level by shRNA abrogated those effects. We concluded that elafin promotes ESCC motility and invasion and leads to a worse clinical prognosis in ESCC patients without distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (I.-C.W.); (Y.-K.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Yao-Kuang Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (I.-C.W.); (Y.-K.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (I.-C.W.); (Y.-K.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (S.-H.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chieh Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lun Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Shun Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Department of Research, Education & Training, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Cheng Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Shah-Hwa Chou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (S.-H.C.)
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-P.L.); (M.-T.W.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 5092-424) (Y.-P.L.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2315) (M.-T.W.)
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Rapid Screening Research Center for Toxicology and Biomedicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-P.L.); (M.-T.W.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 5092-424) (Y.-P.L.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2315) (M.-T.W.)
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Mirmohseni Namini N, Abdollahi A, Movahedi M, Emami Razavi A, Saghiri R. HE4, A New Potential Tumor Marker for Early Diagnosis and Predicting of Breast Cancer Progression. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:284-296. [PMID: 34306124 PMCID: PMC8298057 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2021.135323.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: This study examined the potential of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) as a marker in early diagnosis or as a prognostic factor for breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with BC were enrolled in the study between 2008 and 2018. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HE4 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the BC tissue and the non-tumoral adjacent tissue. Using ELISA technique, HE4 plasma levels were also measured in 43 BC patients compared to 43 healthy individuals. The correlation between HE4 expression and clinicopathological features was then investigated. Results: An increase in HE4 expression was observed at mRNA and protein levels in the BC group compared to the control group (P<0.01, P<0.0001, respectively). In addition, the relative expression of HE4 mRNA in BC patients showed a significant correlation with the differentiation grade of cancer cells (P<0.001). Plasma levels of HE4 was also associated with grade (P<0.0001), stage, and tumor size in BC patients (for both P<0.01). Patients with metastatic BC (P<0.01), lymphatic invasion, and lymph node involvement (for both P<0.05) showed significantly higher plasma levels of HE4 expression than patients without metastasis. Conclusion: According to our findings, upregulation of HE4 may be related to invasive BC phenotype. Measuring plasma levels of HE4 could be useful as a screening test in early diagnosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Mirmohseni Namini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Movahedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saghiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Wang C, Liao Y, He W, Zhang H, Zuo D, Liu W, Yang Z, Qiu J, Yuan Y, Li K, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Shi Y, Qiu Y, Gao S, Yuan Y, Li B. Elafin promotes tumour metastasis and attenuates the anti-metastatic effects of erlotinib via binding to EGFR in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:113. [PMID: 33771199 PMCID: PMC7995733 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Elafin is a serine protease inhibitor critical for host defence. We previously reported that Elafin was associated with the recurrence of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery. However, the exact role of Elafin in HCC remains obscure. Methods HCC tissue microarrays were used to investigate the correlation between Elafin expression and the prognosis of HCC patients. In vitro migration, invasion and wound healing assays and in vivo lung metastasis models were used to determine the role of Elafin in HCC metastasis. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining assays were performed to uncover the mechanism of Elafin in HCC. Dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were employed to observe the transcriptional regulation of Elafin. Results Elafin expression was frequently increased in HCC tissues compared to normal tissues, and high Elafin expression in HCC tissues was correlated with aggressive tumour phenotypes and a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Elafin dramatically enhanced the metastasis of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo by interacting with EGFR and activating EGFR/AKT signalling. Moreover, Elafin attenuated the suppressive effects of erlotinib on HCC metastasis. Besides, Elafin was transcriptionally regulated by Sp1 in HCC cells. Clinically, Elafin expression was positively correlated with Sp1, Vimentin, and EGFR signalling in both our HCC tissue microarrays and TCGA database analysis. Conclusions Upregulation of Elafin by Sp1 enhanced HCC metastasis via EGFR/AKT pathway, and overexpression of Elafin attenuated the anti-metastatic effects of erlotinib, suggesting a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01904-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dinglan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiliang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binkui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Donarska B, Świtalska M, Płaziński W, Wietrzyk J, Łączkowski KZ. Effect of the dichloro-substitution on antiproliferative activity of phthalimide-thiazole derivatives. Rational design, synthesis, elastase, caspase 3/7, and EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and molecular modeling study. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104819. [PMID: 33752144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phthalimide derivatives are a promising group of anticancer drugs, while aminothiazoles have great potential as elastase inhibitors. In these context fourteen phthalimido-thiazoles containing a dichloro-substituted phenyl ring with high antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines were designed and synthesized. Among the screened derivatives, compounds 5a-5e and 6a-6f showed high activity against human leukemia (MV4-11) cells with IC50 values in the range of 5.56-16.10 µM. The phthalimide-thiazoles 5a, 5b and 5d showed the highest selectivity index (SI) relative to MV4-11 with 11.92, 10.80 and 8.21 values, respectively. The antiproliferative activity of compounds 5e, 5f and 6e, 6f against human lung carcinoma (A549) cells is also very high, with IC50 values in the range of 6.69-10.41 µM. Lead compounds 6e and 6f showed elastase inhibition effect, with IC50 values about 32 μM with mixed mechanism of action. The molecular modeling studies showed that the binding energies calculated for all set of compounds are strongly correlated with the experimentally determined values of IC50. The lead compound 6e also increases almost 16 times caspase 3/7 activity in A549 cells compared to control. We have also demonstrated that compound 6f reduced EGFR tyrosine kinase levels in A549 cells by approximately 31%. These results clearly suggest that 3,4-dichloro-derivative 6e and 3,5-dichloro-derivative 6f could constitute lead dual-targeted anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Donarska
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Płaziński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Z Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Longatto-Filho A, Fregnani JH, Mafra da Costa A, de Araujo-Souza PS, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Herbster S, Boccardo E, Termini L. Evaluation of Elafin Immunohistochemical Expression as Marker of Cervical Cancer Severity. Acta Cytol 2020; 65:165-174. [PMID: 33271565 DOI: 10.1159/000512010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main risk factor for the development of cervical cancer (CC) is persistent infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenic types. In order to persist, HPV exhibits a plethora of immune evasion mechanisms. PI3/Elafin (Peptidase Inhibitor 3) is an endogenous serine protease inhibitor involved in epithelial protection against pathogens. PI3/Elafin's role in CC is still poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we addressed PI3/Elafin protein detection in 123 CC samples by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression in several datasets available at Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas platforms. RESULTS We observed that PI3/Elafin is consistently downregulated in CC samples when compared to normal tissue. Most of PI3/Elafin-positive samples exhibited this protein at the plasma membrane. Besides, high PI3/Elafin expression at the cellular membrane was more frequent in in situ stages I + II than in invasive cervical tumor stages III + IV. This indicates that PI3/Elafin expression is gradually lost during the CC progression. Of note, advanced stages of CC were more frequently associated with a more intense PI3/Elafin reaction in the nuclei and cytoplasm. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PI3/Elafin levels and subcellular localization may be used as a biomarker for CC severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, ICVS/3B's, Braga, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Allini Mafra da Costa
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Savio de Araujo-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil
- Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics (GeneOne), DASA Laboratories, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suellen Herbster
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Termini
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
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Gene expression in urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse: a review of literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2020; 32:441-448. [DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Elafin inhibits obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in high-fat diet-treated male mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12785. [PMID: 32733043 PMCID: PMC7393145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elafin is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory protein. We hypothesize that elafin expression correlates with diabetes. Among non-diabetic and prediabetic groups, men have significantly higher serum elafin levels than women. Men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have significantly lower serum elafin levels than men without T2DM. Serum elafin levels are inversely correlated with fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels in men with T2DM, but not women with T2DM. Lentiviral elafin overexpression inhibited obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-treated male mice. Elafin-overexpressing HFD-treated male mice had increased serum leptin levels, and serum exosomal miR181b-5p and miR219-5p expression. Transplantation of splenocytes and serum exosomes from elafin-overexpressing HFD-treated donor mice reduced food consumption and fat mass, and increased adipose tissue leptin mRNA expression in HFD-treated recipient mice. Elafin improved leptin sensitivity via reduced interferon-gamma expression and induced adipose leptin expression via increased miR181b-5p and miR219-5p expression. Subcutaneous and oral administration of modified elafin inhibited obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in the HFD-treated mice. Circulating elafin levels are associated with hyperglycemia in men with T2DM. Elafin, via immune-derived miRNAs and cytokine, activates leptin sensitivity and expression that subsequently inhibit food consumption, obesity, hyperglycemia, and liver steatosis in HFD-treated male mice.
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Kengkarn S, Petmitr S, Boonyuen U, Reamtong O, Poomsawat S, Sanguansin S. Identification of Novel Candidate Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Whole Gene Expression Profiling. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2315-2325. [PMID: 32468250 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the whole gene expression profiles and to ascertain potential biomarkers for 22 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among Thai patients using the Illumina Human HT-12, V4.0 Expression BeadChip array. Result indicated 2,724 differential expressed genes composed of 1,560 up-regulated and 1,164 down-regulated genes (unpaired t-test, p-value <0.05; fold change ≥2.0 and ≤2.0). The top 9 up-regulated genes were validated in 39 OSCC cases using TaqMan real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Among these, the up-regulation of peptidase inhibitor 3 (PI3) and keratin 17 (KRT17) genes was harbored in all 39 OSCC patients (100%). Likewise, statistical analysis indicated that gene expression in 8 selective genes including keratin 16 (KRT16), keratin 14 (KRT14), keratinocyte differentiation-associated protein (KRTDAP), keratin 6B (KRT6B), PI3, S100 calcium binding protein A7 (S100A7), stratifin (SFN) and keratin 5 (KRT5) was significantly associated with well differentiated OSCC (p-value <0.05). Moreover, high level of KRT17 protein was significantly associated with well differentiated OSCC compared to moderately OSCC (p-value = 0.041). Notably, using nested-PCR analysis indicated all OSCC cases in this study were HPV-free. Especially, KRTDAP, PI3, SFN mRNA expression were first reported among patients with OSCC. Conclusion, the whole transcript expression study and TaqMan real-time qRT-PCR assay were relevant regarding the increase in gene expression in OSCC. In addition, the up-regulation of PI3 and KRT17 might constitute potential candidate molecular biomarkers to diagnose patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudaporn Kengkarn
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songsak Petmitr
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine & Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sopee Poomsawat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirima Sanguansin
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Mir MA, Hamdani SS, Sheikh BA, Mehraj U. Recent Advances in Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573395515666191102094330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death and morbidity in the world among noncommunicable diseases after cardiovascular ailments. With the advancement in science and research, a number of therapies have been developed to treat cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Chemo and radiotherapy have been in use since the last two decades, however these are not devoid of their own intrinsic problems, such as myelotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and immunosuppression. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop alternative methods for the treatment of cancer. An increase in the cases of various cancers has encouraged the researchers to discover novel, more effective drugs from plant sources. In this review, fifteen medicinal plants alongside their products with anticancer effects will be introduced and discussed, as well as the most important plant compounds responsible for the anticancer activity of the plant. Several phenolic and alkaloid compounds have been demonstrated to have anticancer effects on various types of cancers. The most fundamental and efficient role exhibited by these secondary plant metabolites against cancer involves removing free radicals and antioxidant effects, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of angiogenesis. Moreover, recent studies have shown that plants and their metabolites may provide an alternative to the existing approaches, including chemotherapies and radiotherapies, in the treatment of cancer. In this review, a brief overview of important secondary metabolites having anticancer activity will be given, along with the major molecular mechanisms involved in the disease. In addition to this, recent advances in secondary metabolites from various medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of cancer will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor A. Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Syed S. Hamdani
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Bashir A. Sheikh
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
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Pan Q, Wang L, Zhang H, Liang C, Li B. Identification of a 5-Gene Signature Predicting Progression and Prognosis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4401-4413. [PMID: 31194719 PMCID: PMC6587650 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the mortality rates of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have decreased in recent years, the clinical outcome remains highly dependent on the individual patient. Therefore, identifying novel biomarkers for ccRCC patients is crucial. Material/Methods In this study, we obtained RNA sequencing data and clinical information from the TCGA database. Subsequently, we performed integrated bioinformatic analysis that includes differently expressed genes analysis, gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction analysis, and survival analysis. Moreover, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed. Results As a result, we identified a total of 263 dysregulated genes that may participate in the metastasis of ccRCC, and established a predictive signature relying on the expression of OTX1, MATN4, PI3, ERVV-2, and NFE4, which could serve as significant progressive and prognostic biomarkers for ccRCC. Conclusions We identified differentially expressed genes that may be involved in the metastasis of ccRCC. Moreover, a predictive signature based on the expression of OTX1, MATN4, PI3, ERVV-2, and NFE4 could be an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufeng Pan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Longwang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Chaoqi Liang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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21
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Zhang L, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Ouyang Q, Dai W, Chen J, Ding P, Li L, Zhang X, Zhang W, Lv X, Li L, Zhang P, Cai G, Hu W. Overexpression of MTA1 inhibits the metastatic ability of ZR-75-30 cells in vitro by promoting MTA2 degradation. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:4. [PMID: 30642362 PMCID: PMC6332694 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the first member of the metastasis-associated protein (MTA) family, MTA1 and another MTA family member, MTA2, have both been reported to promote breast cancer progression and metastasis. However, the difference and relationship between MTA1 and MTA2 have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Transwell assays were used to assess the roles of MTA1 and MTA2 in the metastasis of ZR-75-30 luminal B breast cancer cells in vitro. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the effect of MTA1 overexpression on MTA2. Proteases that cleave MTA2 were predicted using an online web server. The role of neutrophil elastase (NE) in MTA1 overexpression-induced MTA2 downregulation was confirmed by specific inhibitor treatment, knockdown, overexpression and immunocytochemistry, and NE cleavage sites in MTA2 were confirmed by MTA2 truncation and mutation. The effect of MTA1 overexpression on the intrinsic inhibitor of NE, elafin, was detected by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and treatment with inhibitors. RESULTS MTA1 overexpression inhibited, while MTA2 promoted the metastasis of ZR-75-30 cells in vitro. MTA1 overexpression downregulated MTA2 expression at the protein level rather than the mRNA level. NE was predicted to cleave MTA2 and was responsible for MTA1 overexpression-induced MTA2 degradation. NE was found to cleave MTA2 in the C-terminus at the 486, 497, 542, 583 and 621 sites. MTA1 overexpression activated NE by downregulating elafin in a histone deacetylase- and DNA methyltransferase-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS MTA1 and MTA2 play opposing roles in the metastasis of ZR-75-30 luminal B breast cancer cells in vitro. MTA1 downregulates MTA2 at the protein level by epigenetically repressing the expression of elafin and releasing the inhibition of neutrophil elastase, which cleaves MTA2 in the C-terminus at multiple specific sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Qianwen Ouyang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, China Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Breast Diseases, 2 South Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330009 Jiangxi China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ling Li
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xinyue Lv
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Luying Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Pingzhao Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Lerman I, Ma X, Seger C, Maolake A, Garcia-Hernandez MDLL, Rangel-Moreno J, Ackerman J, Nastiuk KL, Susiarjo M, Hammes SR. Epigenetic Suppression of SERPINB1 Promotes Inflammation-Mediated Prostate Cancer Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:845-859. [PMID: 30610107 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Granulocytic myeloid infiltration and resultant enhanced neutrophil elastase (NE) activity is associated with poor outcomes in numerous malignancies. We recently showed that NE expression and activity from infiltrating myeloid cells was high in human prostate cancer xenografts and mouse Pten-null prostate tumors. We further demonstrated that NE directly stimulated human prostate cancer cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade, and inhibition of NE in vivo attenuated xenograft growth. Interestingly, reduced expression of SERPINB1, an endogenous NE inhibitor, also correlates with diminished survival in some cancers. Therefore, we sought to characterize the role of SERPINB1 in prostate cancer. We find that SERPINB1 expression is reduced in human metastatic and locally advanced disease and predicts poor outcome. SERPINB1 is also reduced in Pten-null mouse prostate tumors compared with wild-type prostates, and treatment with sivelestat (SERPINB1 pharmacomimetic) attenuates tumor growth. Knockdown of highly expressed SERPINB1 in nonmalignant prostatic epithelial cells (RWPE-1) increases proliferation, decreases apoptosis, and stimulates expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers. In contrast, stable SERPINB1 expression in normally low-expressing prostate cancer cells (C4-2) reduces xenograft growth in vivo. Finally, EZH2-mediated histone (H3K27me3) methylation and DNA methyltransferase-mediated DNA methylation suppress SERPINB1 expression in prostate cancer cells. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and pyrosequencing demonstrate hypermethylation of the SERPINB1 promoter in prostate cancer compared with normal tissue, and the extent of promoter methylation negatively correlates with SERPINB1 mRNA expression. IMPLICATIONS: Our findings suggest that the balance between SERPINB1 and NE is physiologically important within the prostate and may serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lerman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Xiaoting Ma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Christina Seger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Aerken Maolake
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jessica Ackerman
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Kent L Nastiuk
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
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Lerman I, Hammes SR. Neutrophil elastase in the tumor microenvironment. Steroids 2018; 133:96-101. [PMID: 29155217 PMCID: PMC5870895 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cell production within the bone marrow is accelerated in the setting of cancer, and the numbers of circulating and infiltrating neutrophils and granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) correlate with tumor progression and patient survival. Cancer is therefore able to hijack the normally host-protective immune system and use it to further fuel growth and metastasis. Myeloid cells secrete neutrophil elastase and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to cues within the tumor microenvironment, thereby leading to enhanced activity in a variety of cancer types. Neutrophil elastase may indeed be a driver of tumorigenesis, since genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition markedly reduces tumor burden and metastatic potential in numerous preclinical studies. In this review, we examine the current evidence for neutrophil elastase as a stimulatory factor in cancer, focusing on precise mechanisms by which it facilitates primary tumor growth and secondary organ metastasis. We conclude with a brief overview of neutrophil elastase inhibitors and discuss their potential use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, United States
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24
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Al-Awadhi FH, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Structural Diversity and Anticancer Activity of Marine-Derived Elastase Inhibitors: Key Features and Mechanisms Mediating the Antimetastatic Effects in Invasive Breast Cancer. Chembiochem 2018; 19:815-825. [PMID: 29405541 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three new 3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone (Ahp)-containing cyclic depsipeptides, named loggerpeptins A-C (1-3), along with molassamide (4), were discovered from a marine cyanobacterium, extending the structural diversity of this prevalent scaffold of cyanobacterial serine protease inhibitors. Molassamide, which contains a 2-amino-butenoic (Abu) unit in the cyclic core, was the most potent and selective analogue against human neutrophil elastase (HNE). Given the growing evidence supporting the role of HNE in breast cancer progression and metastasis, we assessed the cellular effects of compounds 3 and 4 in the context of targeting invasive breast cancer. Both compounds inhibited cleavage of the elastase substrate CD40 in biochemical assays; however, only 4 exhibited significant cellular activity. As CD40 and other receptor proteolytic processing culminates in NFκB activation, we assessed the effects of 4 on the expression of target genes, including ICAM-1. ICAM-1 is also a direct target of elastase and, in our studies, compound 4 attenuated both elastase-induced ICAM-1 gene expression and ICAM-1 proteolytic processing by elastase, revealing a potential dual effect on migration through modulation of gene expression and proteolytic processing. Molassamide also specifically inhibited the elastase-mediated migration of highly invasive triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma H Al-Awadhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL, 34949, USA
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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25
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Lerman I, Garcia-Hernandez MDLL, Rangel-Moreno J, Chiriboga L, Pan C, Nastiuk KL, Krolewski JJ, Sen A, Hammes SR. Infiltrating Myeloid Cells Exert Protumorigenic Actions via Neutrophil Elastase. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1138-1152. [PMID: 28512253 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue infiltration and elevated peripheral circulation of granulocytic myeloid-derived cells is associated with poor outcomes in prostate cancer and other malignancies. Although myeloid-derived cells have the ability to suppress T-cell function, little is known about the direct impact of these innate cells on prostate tumor growth. Here, it is reported that granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are the predominant tumor-infiltrating cells in prostate cancer xenografts established in athymic nude mice. MDSCs significantly increased in number in the peripheral circulation as a function of xenograft growth and were successfully depleted in vivo by Gr-1 antibody treatment. Importantly, MDSC depletion significantly decreased xenograft growth. We hypothesized that granulocytic MDSCs might exert their protumorigenic actions in part through neutrophil elastase (ELANE), a serine protease released upon granulocyte activation. Indeed, it was determined that NE is expressed by infiltrating immune cells and is enzymatically active in prostate cancer xenografts and in prostate tumors of prostate-specific Pten-null mice. Importantly, treatment with sivelestat, a small-molecule inhibitor specific for NE, significantly decreased xenograft growth, recapitulating the phenotype of Gr-1 MDSC depletion. Mechanistically, NE activated MAPK signaling and induced MAPK-dependent transcription of the proliferative gene cFOS in prostate cancer cells. Functionally, NE stimulated proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells in vitro IHC on human prostate cancer clinical biopsies revealed coexpression of NE and infiltrating CD33+ MDSCs.Implications: This report suggests that MDSCs and NE are physiologically important mediators of prostate cancer progression and may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Mol Cancer Res; 15(9); 1138-52. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Chunliu Pan
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kent L Nastiuk
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - John J Krolewski
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Aritro Sen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
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26
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A novel approach to quantify the wound closure dynamic. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:175-183. [PMID: 28137539 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Wound Healing (WH) assay is widely used to investigate cell migration in vitro, in order to reach a better understanding of many physiological and pathological phenomena. Several experimental factors, such as uneven cell density among different samples, can affect the reproducibility and reliability of this assay, leading to a discrepancy in the wound closure kinetics among data sets corresponding to the same cell sample. We observed a linear relationship between the wound closure velocity and cell density, and suggested a novel methodological approach, based on transport phenomena concepts, to overcome this source of error on the analysis of the Wound Healing assay. In particular, we propose a simple scaling of the experimental data, based on the interpretation of the wound closure as a diffusion-reaction process. We applied our methodology to the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, whose motility was perturbed by silencing or over-expressing genes involved in the control of cell migration. Our methodological approach leads to a significant improvement in the reproducibility and reliability in the in vitro WH assay.
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Kistowski M, Dębski J, Karczmarski J, Paziewska A, Olędzki J, Mikula M, Ostrowski J, Dadlez M. A Strong Neutrophil Elastase Proteolytic Fingerprint Marks the Carcinoma Tumor Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 16:213-227. [PMID: 27927741 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic cascades are deeply involved in critical stages of cancer progression. During the course of peptide-wise analysis of shotgun proteomic data sets representative of colon adenocarcinoma (AC) and ulcerative colitis (UC), we detected a cancer-specific proteolytic fingerprint composed of a set of numerous protein fragments cleaved C-terminally to V, I, A, T, or C residues, significantly overrepresented in AC. A peptide set linked by a common VIATC cleavage consensus was the only prominent cancer-specific proteolytic fingerprint detected. This sequence consensus indicated neutrophil elastase as a source of the fingerprint. We also found that a large fraction of affected proteins are RNA processing proteins associated with the nuclear fraction and mostly cleaved within their functionally important RNA-binding domains. Thus, we detected a new class of cancer-specific peptides that are possible markers of tumor-infiltrating neutrophil activity, which often correlates with the clinical outcome. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers: PXD005274 (Data set 1) and PXD004249 (Data set 2). Our results indicate the value of peptide-wise analysis of large global proteomic analysis data sets as opposed to protein-wise analysis, in which outlier differential peptides are usually neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kistowski
- From the ‡Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw
| | - Janusz Dębski
- From the ‡Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw
| | - Jakub Karczmarski
- §Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wilhelma Konrada Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- §Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wilhelma Konrada Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Olędzki
- From the ‡Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw
| | - Michał Mikula
- §Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Wilhelma Konrada Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- ¶Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dadlez
- From the ‡Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw;
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Neutrophils and Granulocytic MDSC: The Janus God of Cancer Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4030031. [PMID: 27618112 PMCID: PMC5041025 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating blood cell type in humans, and are the first white blood cells recruited at the inflammation site where they orchestrate the initial immune response. Although their presence at the tumor site was recognized in the 1970s, until recently these cells have been neglected and considered to play just a neutral role in tumor progression. Indeed, in recent years neutrophils have been recognized to play a dual role in tumor development by either assisting the growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis or by exerting tumoricidal action directly via the secretion of antitumoral compounds, or indirectly via the orchestration of antitumor immunity. Understanding the biology of these cells and influencing their polarization in the tumor micro- and macro-environment may be the key for the development of new therapeutic strategies, which may finally hold the promise of an effective immunotherapy for cancer.
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Ichinose J, Shinozaki-Ushiku A, Nagayama K, Nitadori JI, Anraku M, Fukayama M, Nakajima J, Takai D. Immunohistochemical pattern analysis of squamous cell carcinoma: Lung primary and metastatic tumors of head and neck. Lung Cancer 2016; 100:96-101. [PMID: 27597287 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop an immunohistochemical (IHC) diagnostic algorithm for primary lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and pulmonary metastasis of head and neck SCC (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected three antibodies (CK19, MMP3, and PI3) from a web-based gene expression database and an IHC analysis available online. We developed an IHC diagnostic algorithm using tissue microarrays from 39 LSCCs and 48 HNSCCs as the training set. It was validated using whole tumor sections of 32 LSCCs and 23 HNSCCs. The algorithm was applied to 28 cases with a history of HNSCC and who underwent resection of pulmonary squamous cell tumors. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the algorithm were 90%, 62%, and 77%, respectively, in the training set and 96%, 44%, and 65%, respectively, in the validation set. Twenty-three of 28 SCCs were diagnosed as metastasis of HNSCC; the remaining five tumors were diagnosed as LSCC. Among the patients in the HNSCC group, 18 developed postoperative recurrence and 11 died of the disease, whereas only one patient in the LSCC group had recurrence. Compared with the LSCC group, the HNSCC group had poorer prognosis (P=0.07). IHC diagnosis coincided with the retrospective diagnosis in 22 (79%) of the 28 patients (sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 44%). CONCLUSION The IHC diagnostic algorithm may be clinically useful for distinguishing between LSCC and pulmonary metastasis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Ichinose
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Kazuhiro Nagayama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nitadori
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Anraku
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiya Takai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Gu X, Li B, Jiang M, Fang M, Ji J, Wang A, Wang M, Jiang X, Gao C. RNA sequencing reveals differentially expressed genes as potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators of gallbladder carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20661-71. [PMID: 25970782 PMCID: PMC4653033 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare tumor with a dismal survival rate overall. Hence, there is an urgent need for exploring more specific and sensitive biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of GBC. At first, amplified total RNAs from two paired GBC tumors and adjacent non-tumorous tissues (ANTTs) were subjected to RNA sequencing. 161 genes were identified differentially expressed between tumors and ANTTs. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the up-regulated genes in tumor were primarily associated with signaling molecules and enzyme modulators, and mainly involved in cell cycles and pathways in cancer. Twelve differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further confirmed in another independent cohort of 35 GBC patients. Expression levels of BIRC5, TK1, TNNT1 and MMP9 were found to be positively related to postoperative relapse. There was also a significant correlation between BIRC5 expression and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. Besides, we observed a positive correlation between serum CA19-9 concentration and the expression levels of TNNT1, MMP9 and CLIC3. Survival analysis revealed that GBC patients with high TK1 and MMP9 expression levels had worse prognosis. These identified DEGs might not only be promising biomarkers for GBC diagnosis and prognosis, but also expedite the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Mingming Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
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Caruso JA, Karakas C, Zhang J, Yi M, Albarracin C, Sahin A, Bondy M, Liu J, Hunt KK, Keyomarsi K. Elafin is downregulated during breast and ovarian tumorigenesis but its residual expression predicts recurrence. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 16:3417. [PMID: 25551582 PMCID: PMC4326485 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elafin is an endogenous serine protease inhibitor. The majority of breast cancer cell lines lack elafin expression compared to human mammary epithelial cells. In this study, we hypothesized that elafin is downregulated during breast and ovarian tumorigenesis. METHODS We examined elafin expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in specimens of normal breast tissue (n = 24), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n = 54), and invasive breast cancer (n = 793). IHC analysis of elafin expression was also performed in normal fallopian tube tissue (n = 20), ovarian cystadenomas (n = 9), borderline ovarian tumors (n = 21), and invasive ovarian carcinomas (n = 216). To understand the significance of elafin in luminal breast cancer cell lines, wild-type or M25G elafin (lacking the protease inhibitory function) were exogenously expressed in MCF-7 and T47D cells. RESULTS Elafin expression was downregulated in 24% of DCIS and 83% of invasive breast tumors when compared to elafin expression in the normal mammary epithelium. However, the presence of elafin-positive cells in invasive breast tumors, even at low frequency, correlated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS), reduced overall survival (OS), and clinicopathological markers of aggressive tumor behavior. Elafin-positive cells were an especially strong and independent prognostic marker of reduced RFS in IHC-defined luminal A-like tumors. Elafin was also downregulated in 33% of ovarian cystadenomas, 43% of borderline ovarian tumors, and 86% of invasive ovarian carcinomas when compared to elafin expression in the normal fallopian tube. In ovarian tumors, elafin-positive cells were correlated with reduced RFS, OS and disease-specific survival (DSS) only in stage I/II patients and not in stage III/IV patients. Notably, exogenous expression of elafin or elafin M25G in the luminal breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D significantly decreased cell proliferation in a protease inhibitory domain-independent manner. CONCLUSIONS Elafin predicts poor outcome in breast and ovarian cancer patients and delineates a subset of endocrine receptor-positive breast cancer patients susceptible to recurrence who could benefit from more aggressive intervention. Our in vitro results suggest that elafin arrests luminal breast cancer cells, perhaps suggesting a role in tumor dormancy.
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Expression of Elafin in Fallopian Tubes of Ectopic Pregnancies Is Reduced. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 23:349-54. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen Y, Klingen TA, Wik E, Aas H, Vigeland E, Liestøl K, Garred Ø, Mæhlen J, Akslen LA, Lømo J. Breast cancer stromal elastosis is associated with mammography screening detection, low Ki67 expression and favourable prognosis in a population-based study. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:230. [PMID: 25522915 PMCID: PMC4300053 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mammography screen-detected breast cancers have a better prognosis than predicted from established prognostic markers. A search for additional features that are characteristic for these tumours and their prognosis is needed to reduce overtreatment, a recognized challenge in breast cancer patient management today. Here, we have investigated the occurrence and importance of tumour elastosis. Methods We performed a population based retrospective study of breast cancers detected in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Programme in Vestfold County during 2004–2009. In total, 197 invasive screen-detected cancers and 75 interval cancers in patients aged 50–69 years were compared with regard to standard clinico-pathological parameters and tumour shape, as well as ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 expression. In particular, the presence of elastotic material in tumours was graded on a 4-tiered scale (score 0–3). Results Screen-detected cancers had a significantly higher content of stromal elastosis than interval cancers (p < 0.001). High content of elastosis (score 3) correlated strongly with stellate tumour shape, low histological grade, and ER+/HER2- status. Further, high elastosis score was significantly associated with lower Ki67 expression. In survival analyses, cases with high elastosis demonstrated increased recurrence free (p = 0.03) and disease-specific survival (p = 0.11) compared to cases with low elastosis. Conclusion There is a strong correlation between the presence of tumour elastosis, stellate tumour shape and mammography detection of breast cancers. To our knowledge, this is the first time elastosis has been studied in relation to breast cancer detection method. Presence of elastosis is associated with low tumour cell proliferation (Ki67) and a good prognosis. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_230
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway. .,Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Tor A Klingen
- Department of Pathology, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway.
| | - Elisabeth Wik
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Hans Aas
- Department of Surgery, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway.
| | - Einar Vigeland
- Department of Radiology, Vestfold Hospital, Tønsberg, Norway.
| | - Knut Liestøl
- Institute of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Øystein Garred
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jan Mæhlen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lars A Akslen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jon Lømo
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
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The serine protease inhibitor elafin maintains normal growth control by opposing the mitogenic effects of neutrophil elastase. Oncogene 2014; 34:3556-67. [PMID: 25195861 PMCID: PMC4362782 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease inhibitor, elafin, is a critical component of the epithelial barrier against neutrophil elastase (NE). Elafin is downregulated in the majority of breast cancer cell lines compared to normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Here, we evaluated the role of elafin and NE on proliferation and tumorigenesis. Elafin is induced in growth factor deprived HMECs as they enter a quiescent (G0) state, suggesting that elafin is a counterbalance against the mitogenic effects of NE in G0 HMECs. Stable knockdown of elafin compromises the ability of HMECs to maintain G0-arrest during long-term growth factor deprivation; this effect can be reversed by re-expression of wild-type elafin, but not elafin-M25G lacking protease inhibitory function. These results suggest that NE, which is largely contributed by activated neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment, may be negatively regulating the ability of elafin to arrest cells in G0. In fact when purified NE was added to elafin knockdown HMECs, these cells demonstrated greater sensitivity to the growth promoting effects of purified NE. Activation of ERK signaling, downstream of toll-like receptor 4, was essential to the mitogenic effect of NE on HMECs. These findings were next translated to patient samples, and immunohistochemical analysis of normal breast tissue revealed robust elafin expression in the mammary epithelium; however, elafin expression was dramatically downregulated in a significant proportion of human breast tumor specimens. The loss of elafin expression during breast cancer progression may promote tumor growth as a consequence of increased NE-activity. To address the role of NE in mammary tumorigenesis, we next examined if deregulated NE-activity enhances mammary tumor growth. NE knockout in the C3(1)TAg mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis suppressed proliferation and reduced the kinetics of tumor growth. Overall, the imbalance between NE and its inhibitors, such as elafin, presents an important therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Abbott DS, Chin-Smith EC, Seed PT, Chandiramani M, Shennan AH, Tribe RM. Raised trappin2/elafin protein in cervico-vaginal fluid is a potential predictor of cervical shortening and spontaneous preterm birth. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100771. [PMID: 25075964 PMCID: PMC4116119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early spontaneous preterm birth is associated with inflammation/infection and shortening of the cervix. We hypothesised that cervico-vaginal production of trappin2/elafin (peptidase inhibitor 3) and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (cathelicidin), key components of the innate immune system, are altered in women who have a spontaneous preterm birth. The aim was to determine the relationship between cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) trappin2/elafin and cathelicidin protein concentrations with cervical length in woman at risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Trappin2/elafin and cathelicidin were measured using ELISA in longitudinal CVF samples (taken between 13 to 30 weeks' gestation) from 74 asymptomatic high risk women (based on obstetric history) recruited prospectively. Thirty six women developed a short cervix (<25 mm) by 24 weeks' and 38 women did not. Women who developed a short cervix had 2.71 times higher concentrations of CVF trappin2/elafin from 14 weeks' versus those who did not (CI 1.94–3.79, p<0.0005). CVF trappin2/elafin before 24 weeks' was 1.79 times higher in women who had a spontaneous preterm birth <37 weeks' (CI: 1.05–3.05, p = 0.034). Trappin2/elafin (>200 ng/ml) measured between 14+0–14+6 weeks' of pregnancy predicted women who subsequently developed a short cervix (n = 11, ROC area = 1.00, p = 0.008) within 8 weeks. Cathelicidin was not predictive of spontaneous delivery. Vitamin D status did not correlate with CVF antimicrobial peptide concentrations. Raised CVF trappin2/elafin has potential as an early pregnancy test for prediction of cervical shortening and spontaneous preterm birth. This justifies validation in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Abbott
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, Women's Health Academic Centre King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evonne C. Chin-Smith
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, Women's Health Academic Centre King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T. Seed
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, Women's Health Academic Centre King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manju Chandiramani
- Parturition Research Group, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Shennan
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, Women's Health Academic Centre King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M. Tribe
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, Women's Health Academic Centre King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London Women's Health Academic Centre KHP, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Linking adiponectin and autophagy in the regulation of breast cancer metastasis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:1015-23. [PMID: 24903246 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines within the tumor microenvironment may play important roles in regulating the early steps of breast cancer metastasis. Adiponectin (AdipoQ) is the most abundant adipokine and exists in multiple forms: full-length multimers (fAd) and a cleaved, globular isoform (gAd). While these isoforms are observed as having distinct biological properties, nearly all investigation into AdipoQ in breast cancer has focused on the antitumor roles of fAd, while mostly ignoring gAd. However, evidence from other disease settings suggests that gAd is linked to processes known to promote metastasis. Here, we discuss key areas in which knowledge about AdipoQ in breast cancer is lacking, expressly focusing on data suggesting that gAd is elevated in the microenvironment and may act directly on invasive breast cancer cells to support their initial metastatic progression. We discuss autophagy as a potential mechanism of action for this effect. Overall, given that AdipoQ and AdipoQ receptor agonists have been proposed as therapeutic strategies, it is necessary to better understand the various functions of these regulatory molecules in metastatic breast cancer. Doing so will help ensure the most effective approaches to treating this disease, for which there remain no curative options.
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Bruyère C, Meijer L. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in anti-neoplastic therapy. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:772-9. [PMID: 24011867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is controlled by sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are often deregulated in cancer. Consequently numerous pharmacological inhibitors of CDKs have been developed with the aim of treating cancers. The article briefly reviews CDK inhibitors and their use to treat cancers, with specific focus on the use of biomarkers and drugs combination to improve their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bruyère
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, 29680 Roscoff, France
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