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Dam MI, Ding BJ, Brauburger K, Wang HL, Powell D, Groot AT, Heckel DG, Löfstedt C. Sex pheromone biosynthesis in the Oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta involves Δ8 desaturation. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2025; 180:104307. [PMID: 40169039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2025] [Revised: 03/28/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/03/2025]
Abstract
The Oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta is distributed throughout temperate regions and considered to be a pest in peach production and other high-value fruit crops in the rose family. Insecticide treatment has led to resistance development, but the use of sex pheromones in pest management has shown great promise. We investigated the pheromone biosynthesis pathway in G. molesta with the aim of elucidating pheromone evolution in the Olethreutinae subfamily of moths and harnessing pathway genes in biotechnological production of sex pheromone for use in pest management. In vivo labelling experiments suggested that an uncommon Δ8 fatty acyl desaturase is involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis. CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out of the highly expressed candidate desaturase gene Gmol_CPRQ almost completely blocked the production of Δ8 pheromone components in vivo. Heterologous expression of Gmol_CPRQ protein in yeast- or Sf9 insect cells, however, failed to demonstrate the expected Δ8 desaturase activity. Instead, Δ9 desaturase activity was observed. Co-expression in the yeast system of the electron donor, cytochrome b5, from G. molesta still produced only Δ9 desaturase activity. We suggest that Gmol_CPRQ is intimately involved in pheromone production in vivo, via an unknown reaction mechanism that may possibly involve another co-factor that is absent in the yeast and Sf9 expression systems, or depend on its subcellular site of activity. Solving this puzzle will shed further light on pheromone biosynthesis in the family Tortricidae and will be required for successful biotechnological production of fatty acids and pheromones requiring Δ8 desaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Inger Dam
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bao-Jian Ding
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden; Xianghu Laboratory, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311215, Zhejiang, PR China
| | | | - Hong-Lei Wang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden; Xianghu Laboratory, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311215, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Daniel Powell
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden; Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, GE Amsterdam, 1090, the Netherlands
| | - David G Heckel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, GE Amsterdam, 1090, the Netherlands; Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christer Löfstedt
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden; Xianghu Laboratory, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311215, Zhejiang, PR China
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2
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Nie L, Liu F, Wang M, Jiang Z, Kong J, Tembrock LR, Kan S, Wang P, Wang J, Wu Z, Liu X. Plastome data provides new insights into population differentiation and evolution of Ginkgo in the Sichuan Basin of China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 25:48. [PMID: 39806316 PMCID: PMC11730126 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginkgo biloba L., an iconic living fossil, challenges traditional views of evolutionary stasis. While nuclear genomic studies have revealed population structure across China, the evolutionary patterns reflected in maternally inherited plastomes remain unclear, particularly in the Sichuan Basin - a potential glacial refugium that may have played a crucial role in Ginkgo's persistence. RESULTS Analysis of 227 complete plastomes, including 81 newly sampled individuals from the Sichuan Basin, revealed three distinct maternal lineages differing from known nuclear genome patterns. We identified 170 sequence variants and extensive RNA editing (235 sites) with a bias toward hydrophobic amino acid conversions, suggesting active molecular evolution. A previously undocumented haplotype (IIA2), predominant in western Sichuan Basin populations, showed close genetic affinity with rare refugial haplotypes. Western populations exhibited higher haplotypic diversity and distinctive genetic structure, supporting the basin's role as both glacial refugium and corridor for population expansion. Ancient trees (314-784 years) provided evidence for interaction between natural processes and historical human dispersal in shaping current genetic patterns. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate substantial genetic diversity within Sichuan Basin Ginkgo populations and reveal dynamic molecular evolution through plastome variation and RNA editing patterns, challenging the notion of evolutionary stasis in this living fossil. This study provides crucial genomic resources for understanding Ginkgo's evolution and informs conservation strategies for this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Nie
- Chengdu Botanical Garden, Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6149, Australia
| | - Fangling Liu
- Chengdu Botanical Garden, Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zhuying Jiang
- Chengdu Botanical Garden, Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiali Kong
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
| | - Luke R Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Shenglong Kan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Penghao Wang
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6149, Australia
| | - Jie Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6149, Australia
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China.
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6149, Australia.
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Chengdu Botanical Garden, Chengdu Park Urban Plant Science Research Institute, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Namyatova AA, Dzhelali PA, Tyts VD, Popkov AA. Climate change effect on the widely distributed Palearctic plant bug species (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae). PeerJ 2024; 12:e18377. [PMID: 39588005 PMCID: PMC11587874 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects are poikilothermic organisms and temperature increase usually accelerates their development rates, population and distribution area growth. Therefore, it is assumed that global warming can be beneficial for the pests and other widespread species at least in the relatively cool temperate zones. However, climate change's effect on the widespread species in the Palearctic remains poorly studied. This work was performed on three plant bug species (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae), at present inhabiting Europe and Asia. Liocoris tripustulatus is known from the Western Palearctic, Lygocoris pabulinus occupies the territories from Western Europe to South Asia, Lygus punctatus is distributed from Northern Europe to the Far East. In this paper, it is tested whether temperature rise is positively connected with the area of preferred climatic conditions for those species, and explores the particular climatic variables which can be limiting for the distribution of those species. Maxent software was used for the environmental niche modeling and to find the variables with significant contribution to the climatic models for the studied species. Based on those models, areas with preferred climatic conditions over different periods were calculated in QGIS. Principal component analysis and logistic regression were performed to find the variables highly contributing to the differences between the species. The results contradict the assumption that temperature growth alone can be a predictor for the widespread species and pest distribution range change. All species differ in suitable climatic conditions and their area dynamics in time, and the temperature affects each species differently. Only Liocoris tripustulatus might significantly expand its distribution area by 2070 due to the climate change. The areas in Asia and above the polar circle will be more suitable by that time for all three species than now. However, conditions in Europe might be less suitable for Lygocoris pabulinus and Lygus punctatus in the future. Both, temperature and precipitation variables, can be important for shaping distribution of Liocoris tripustulatus and Lygocoris pabulinus. Mean annual temperature and temperature in winter, most probably, limit the distribution of at least Liocoris tripsutulatus and Lygus punctatus, but changes in this variable affect those two species differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Namyatova
- Laboratory of Insects Taxonomy, Laboratory of Insects Taxonomy, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Phytosanitary Diagnostics and Forecasts, Laboratory of Phytosanitary Diagnostics and Forecasts, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina A. Dzhelali
- Laboratory of Insects Taxonomy, Laboratory of Insects Taxonomy, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Phytosanitary Diagnostics and Forecasts, Laboratory of Phytosanitary Diagnostics and Forecasts, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Veronica D. Tyts
- Laboratory of Insects Taxonomy, Laboratory of Insects Taxonomy, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Phytosanitary Diagnostics and Forecasts, Laboratory of Phytosanitary Diagnostics and Forecasts, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Popkov
- Laboratory of Insects Taxonomy, Laboratory of Insects Taxonomy, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
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4
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Yang M, Wang Y, Dai P, Feng D, Hughes AC, Li H, Zhang A. Sympatric diversity pattern driven by the secondary contact of two deeply divergent lineages of the soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 39460509 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
The soybean pod borer, Leguminivora glycinivorella (Matsumura), is an important tortricid pest species widely distributed in most parts of China and its adjacent regions. Here, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population differentiation of L. glycinivorella using diverse genetic information including the standard cox1 barcode sequences, mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genotyping-by-sequencing. Based on a comprehensive sampling (including adults or larvae of L. glycinivorella newly collected at 22 of the total 30 localities examined) that covers most of the known distribution range of this pest, analyses of 543 cox1 barcode sequences and 60 mitogenomes revealed that the traditionally recognized and widely distributed L. glycinivorella contains two sympatric and widely distributed genetic lineages (A and B) that were estimated to have diverged ∼1.14 million years ago during the middle Pleistocene. Moreover, low but statistically significant correlations were recognized between genetic differentiation and geographic or environmental distances, indicating the existence of local adaptation to some extent. Based on SNPs, phylogenetic inference, principal component analysis, fixation index, and admixture analysis all confirm the two divergent sympatric lineages. Compared with the stable demographic history of Lineage B, the expansion of Lineage A had possibly made the secondary contact of the two lineages probable, and this process may be driven by the climate fluctuation during the late Pleistocene as revealed by ecological niche modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Dai
- Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Alice C Hughes
- Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Houhun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Aibing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
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5
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Lin AL, Zou MM, Cao LJ, Hayashi F, Yang D, Liu XY. Synergistic effects of Pleistocene geological and climatic events on complex phylogeographic history of widespread sympatric species of Megaloptera in East Asia. Zool Res 2024; 45:1131-1146. [PMID: 39257376 PMCID: PMC11491776 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the phylogeographic histories of species remains a key endeavor for comprehending the evolutionary processes contributing to the rich biodiversity and high endemism found in East Asia. In this study, we explored the phylogeographic patterns and demographic histories of three endemic fishfly and dobsonfly species ( Neochauliodes formosanus, Protohermes costalis, and Neoneuromus orientalis) belonging to the holometabolan order Megaloptera. These species, which share a broad and largely overlapping distribution, were analyzed using comprehensive mitogenomic data. Our findings revealed a consistent influence of vicariance on the population isolation of Neoc. formosanus and P. costalis between Hainan, Taiwan, and the East Asian mainland during the early Pleistocene, potentially hindering subsequent colonization of the later diverged Neon. orientalis to these islands. Additionally, we unveiled the dual function of the major mountain ranges in East Asia, serving both as barriers and conduits, in shaping the population structure of all three species. Notably, we demonstrated that these co-distributed species originated from Southwest, Southern, and eastern Central China, respectively, then subsequently migrated along multi-directional routes, leading to their sympatric distribution on the East Asian mainland. Furthermore, our results highlighted the significance of Pleistocene land bridges along the eastern coast of East Asia in facilitating the dispersal of mountain-dwelling insects with low dispersal ability. Overall, this study provides novel insight into the synergistic impact of Pleistocene geological and climatic events in shaping the diversity and distribution of aquatic insects in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Li Lin
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Taxonomy and Systematic Evolution of Insecta, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zou
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Fumio Hayashi
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ding Yang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing-Yue Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. E-mail:
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6
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Wang S, Li Y, Jiang K, Zhou J, Chen J, Liang J, Ndoni A, Xue H, Ye Z, Bu W. Identifying a potentially invasive population in the native range of a species: The enlightenment from the phylogeography of the yellow spotted stink bug, Erthesina fullo (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108056. [PMID: 38493987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The yellow spotted stink bug (YSSB), Erthesina fullo (Thunberg, 1783) is an important Asian pest that has recently successfully invaded Europe and an excellent material for research on the initial stage of biological invasion. Here, we reported the native evolutionary history, recent invasion history, and potential invasion threats of YSSB for the first time based on population genetic methods [using double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) data and mitochondrial COI and CYTB] and ecological niche modelling. The results showed that four lineages (east, west, southwest, and Hainan Island) were established in the native range with a strong east-west differentiation phylogeographical structure, and the violent climate fluctuation might cause population divergence during the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. In addition, land bridges and monsoon promote dispersal and directional genetic exchanging between island populations and neighboring continental populations. The east lineage (EA) was identified as the source of invasion in Albania. EA had the widest geographical distribution among all other lineages, with a star-like haplotype network with the main haplotype as the core. It also had a rapid population expansion history, indicating that the source lineage might have stronger diffusion ability and adaptability. Our findings provided a significant biological basis for fine tracking of invasive source at the lineage or population level and promote early invasion warning of potential invasive species on a much subtler lineage level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Kun Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, PR China
| | - Jiayue Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Juhong Chen
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | | | - Huaijun Xue
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Zhen Ye
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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7
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Fu S, Chen X, Wang K, Chen J, Zhou J, Yi W, Lyu M, Ye Z, Bu W. Shared phylogeographic patterns and environmental responses of co-distributed soybean pests: Insights from comparative phylogeographic studies of Riptortus pedestris and Riptortus linearis in the subtropics of East Asia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108055. [PMID: 38485106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Comparative phylogeographic studies of closely related species sharing co-distribution areas can elucidate the role of shared historical factors and environmental changes in shaping their phylogeographic pattern. The bean bugs, Riptortus pedestris and Riptortus linearis, which both inhabit subtropical regions in East Asia, are recognized as highly destructive soybean pests. Many previous studies have investigated the biological characteristics, pheromones, chemicals and control mechanisms of these two pests, but few studies have explored their phylogeographic patterns and underlying factors. In this study, we generated a double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) dataset to investigate phylogeographic patterns and construct ecological niche models (ENM) for both Riptortus species. Our findings revealed similar niche occupancies and population genetic structures between the two species, with each comprising two phylogeographic lineages (i.e., the mainland China and the Indochina Peninsula clades) that diverged approximately 0.1 and 0.3 million years ago, respectively. This divergence likely resulted from the combined effects of temperatures variation and geographical barriers in the mountainous regions of Southwest China. Further demographic history and ENM analyses suggested that both pests underwent rapid expansion prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Furthermore, ENM predicts a northward shift of both pests into new soybean-producing regions due to global warming. Our study indicated that co-distribution soybean pests with overlapping ecological niches and similar life histories in subtropical regions of East Asia exhibit congruent phylogeographic and demographic patterns in response to shared historical biogeographic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou, China(2)
| | - Kaibin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Juhong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiayue Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenbo Yi
- Department of Biology, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China(2)
| | - Minhua Lyu
- Nanchang University, Affiliated Hospital 1, Jiangxi, China(2)
| | - Zhen Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Wenjun Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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8
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Chen S, Du Z, Zhao P, Wang X, Wu Y, Li H, Cai W. Phylogeographic Pattern of the Assassin Bug Sycanus bifidus Inferred from Mitochondrial Genomes and Nuclear Genes. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:305. [PMID: 38785787 PMCID: PMC11118239 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The assassin bug Sycanus bifidus has a wide distribution across southern China. This study explored its distribution and evolution by analyzing mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal RNA genes, revealing how Pleistocene climate and geological changes shaped its phylogeography. We identified two main clades, A and B, that diverged in the Middle Pleistocene. Hainan Island's populations form a unique group within Clade A, suggesting that the Qiongzhou Strait served as a dispersal corridor during glaciation. Rising sea levels likely separated the Hainan population afterward. Ecological niche modeling showed that both populations have been viable since the last interglacial period, with demographic analyses indicating possible expansions during the Middle and Late Pleistocene, driven by favorable climates. This study highlights the significant effects of Pleistocene sea-level and climatic changes on the distribution and evolution of S. bifidus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Chen
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.C.); (Z.D.); (X.W.)
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhenyong Du
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.C.); (Z.D.); (X.W.)
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Ministry of Education) and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China;
- Department of Plant Protection, Kaili University, Kaili 556000, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.C.); (Z.D.); (X.W.)
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China;
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.C.); (Z.D.); (X.W.)
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.C.); (Z.D.); (X.W.)
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
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9
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Sun X, Liu YC, Tiunov MP, Gimranov DO, Zhuang Y, Han Y, Driscoll CA, Pang Y, Li C, Pan Y, Velasco MS, Gopalakrishnan S, Yang RZ, Li BG, Jin K, Xu X, Uphyrkina O, Huang Y, Wu XH, Gilbert MTP, O'Brien SJ, Yamaguchi N, Luo SJ. Ancient DNA reveals genetic admixture in China during tiger evolution. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1914-1929. [PMID: 37652999 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The tiger (Panthera tigris) is a charismatic megafauna species that originated and diversified in Asia and probably experienced population contraction and expansion during the Pleistocene, resulting in low genetic diversity of modern tigers. However, little is known about patterns of genomic diversity in ancient populations. Here we generated whole-genome sequences from ancient or historical (100-10,000 yr old) specimens collected across mainland Asia, including a 10,600-yr-old Russian Far East specimen (RUSA21, 8× coverage) plus six ancient mitogenomes, 14 South China tigers (0.1-12×) and three Caspian tigers (4-8×). Admixture analysis showed that RUSA21 clustered within modern Northeast Asian phylogroups and partially derived from an extinct Late Pleistocene lineage. While some of the 8,000-10,000-yr-old Russian Far East mitogenomes are basal to all tigers, one 2,000-yr-old specimen resembles present Amur tigers. Phylogenomic analyses suggested that the Caspian tiger probably dispersed from an ancestral Northeast Asian population and experienced gene flow from southern Bengal tigers. Lastly, genome-wide monophyly supported the South China tiger as a distinct subspecies, albeit with mitochondrial paraphyly, hence resolving its longstanding taxonomic controversy. The distribution of mitochondrial haplogroups corroborated by biogeographical modelling suggested that Southwest China was a Late Pleistocene refugium for a relic basal lineage. As suitable habitat returned, admixture between divergent lineages of South China tigers took place in Eastern China, promoting the evolution of other northern subspecies. Altogether, our analysis of ancient genomes sheds light on the evolutionary history of tigers and supports the existence of nine modern subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yue-Chen Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mikhail P Tiunov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Dmitry O Gimranov
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Yan Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Carlos A Driscoll
- Section of Comparative Behavioral Genomics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yuhong Pang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Pan
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Marcela Sandoval Velasco
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shyam Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rui-Zheng Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Guo Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Jin
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Olga Uphyrkina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wu
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
| | - Nobuyuki Yamaguchi
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Shu-Jin Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Fu J, Wen L. Impacts of Quaternary glaciation, geological history and geography on animal species history in continental East Asia: A phylogeographic review. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:4497-4514. [PMID: 37332105 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Continental East Asia has a mild Pleistocene climate and a complex recent geological history. Phylogeographic studies of animals over the last 30 years have produced several distinctive patterns. Glaciation refugia are numerous and are not restricted to any particular regions. Most of them are localized and species-specific, although several large refugia, for example the mountains of SW China, are shared by multiple species and have refugia-within-refugia. Furthermore, postglaciation range expansion events vary greatly in time, scale and direction. Large-scale south-to-north post-LGM expansions are few and mostly occurred in the northern regions. Additionally, several unique geographic features, including the three-step terrain of China and the northern arid belt, have significant impacts on many species histories. Overall, the impacts of Pleistocene glaciations, particularly the LGM, on species history vary drastically from nondetectable to significant. The impacts are the least for species from the southwestern region and are most dominant for species from the north. Geological events play a more significant role in shaping species history than Pleistocene climatic changes. Phylogeographic patterns among animals species are highly consistent with those of plants. Future phylogeographic endeavour in East Asia should be hypothesis-driven and seek processes that underlie common patterns. The wide use of genomic data allow accurate estimates of historical population processes and exploration of older history beyond the Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Fu
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Longying Wen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Institute for Protecting Endangered Birds in the Southwest Mountains, College of Life Sciences, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
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11
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Guo Q, Zhu QD, Zhou ZJ, Shi FM. Phylogeography and Genetic Structure of the Bush Cricket Decma fissa (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) in Southern China. Zool Stud 2023; 62:e32. [PMID: 37671174 PMCID: PMC10475508 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2023.62-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Decma fissa is the most widely distributed species of the genus Decma occuring in southern China. This study presents the first phylogeographic work of D. fissa based on COI, Cytb and ITS sequence. We examined genetic diversity with ITS and mitochondrial sequence respectively, and phylogenetic work was based on the mitochondrial data. A high-level genetic diversity was revealed based on mitochondrial data but a low-level diversity was shown with ITS sequence. For the mitochondrial data, divergence time analysis displayed five lineages. Based on the Mantel test, geographic and genetic distances among D. fissa populations revealed a significant positive correlation. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analyses implied that none of three major lineages of D. fissa was seemingly affected by the last glacial maximum (LGM, 0.015-0.025 Mya). Ecological niche modeling was used to predict the distribution of D. fissa in four periods (LGM, Mid-Holocene, current and 2070) in China. Analysis of the ancestral area reconstruction indicated that D. fissa occurred in the South China area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China. E-mail: (Shi); (Guo); (Zhu); or (Zhou)
| | - Qi-Di Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China. E-mail: (Shi); (Guo); (Zhu); or (Zhou)
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China. E-mail: (Shi); (Guo); (Zhu); or (Zhou)
| | - Fu-Ming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China. E-mail: (Shi); (Guo); (Zhu); or (Zhou)
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12
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Du Z, Zhao Q, Wang X, Sota T, Tian L, Song F, Cai W, Zhao P, Li H. Climatic oscillation promoted diversification of spinous assassin bugs during Pleistocene glaciation. Evol Appl 2023; 16:880-894. [PMID: 37124089 PMCID: PMC10130555 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect speciation is among the most fascinating topics in evolutionary biology; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Allopatric speciation represents one of the major types of speciation and is believed to have frequently occurred during glaciation periods, when climatic oscillation may have caused suitable habitats to be fragmented repeatedly, creating geographical isolation among populations. However, supporting evidence for allopatric speciation of insects in East Asia during the Pleistocene glaciation remains lacking. We aim to investigate the effect of climatic oscillation during the Pleistocene glaciation on the diversification pattern and evolutionary history of hemipteran insects and to test the hypothesis of Pleistocene species stability using spinous assassin bugs Sclomina (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a small genus widely distributed in southern China but was later found to have cryptic species diversity. Here, using the whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) and nuclear ribosomal RNA genes, we investigated both interspecific and intraspecific diversification patterns of spinous assassin bugs. Approximate Bayesian computation, ecological niche modeling, and demographic history analyses were also applied to understand the diversification process and driven factors. Our data suggest that the five species of Sclomina are highly diverged, despite three of them currently being cryptic. Speciation occurred during the Pleistocene when suitable distribution areas were possibly fragmented. Six phylogeographic groups in the type species S. erinacea were identified, among which two groups underwent expansion during the early Last Glacial Period and after Last Glacier Maximum. Our analyses suggest that this genus may have experienced climate-driven habitat fragmentation and postglacial expansion in the Pleistocene, promoting allopatric speciation and intraspecific diversification. Our results reveal underestimated species diversity in a small insect group and illustrate a remarkable example of allopatric speciation of insects in East Asia promoted by Pleistocene climatic oscillations. These findings provide important insights into the speciation processes and aid the conservation of insect species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyong Du
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of ScienceKyoto University, SakyoKyotoJapan
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Ministry of Education) and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent SimulationNanning Normal UniversityNanningChina
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
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13
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Liu T, Chen J, Jiang L, Qiao G. Human‐mediated eco‐evolutionary processes of the herbivorous insect
Hyalopterus arundiniformis
during the Holocene. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Liyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Gexia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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14
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Cao LJ, Song W, Chen JC, Fan XL, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Population genomic signatures of the oriental fruit moth related to the Pleistocene climates. Commun Biol 2022; 5:142. [PMID: 35177826 PMCID: PMC8854661 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Quaternary climatic oscillations are expected to have had strong impacts on the evolution of species. Although legacies of the Quaternary climates on population processes have been widely identified in diverse groups of species, adaptive genetic changes shaped during the Quaternary have been harder to decipher. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of the oriental fruit moth and compared genomic variation among refugial and colonized populations of this species that diverged in the Pleistocene. High genomic diversity was maintained in refugial populations. Demographic analysis showed that the effective population size of refugial populations declined during the penultimate glacial maximum (PGM) but remained stable during the last glacial maximum (LGM), indicating a strong impact of the PGM rather than the LGM on this pest species. Genome scans identified one chromosomal inversion and a mutation of the circadian gene Clk on the neo-Z chromosome potentially related to the endemicity of a refugial population. In the colonized populations, genes in pathways of energy metabolism and wing development showed signatures of selection. These different genomic signatures of refugial and colonized populations point to multiple impacts of Quaternary climates on adaptation in an extant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xu-Lei Fan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
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15
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Li Q, Li GM, Zheng YL, Wei SJ. Lack of Genetic Structure Among Populations of Striped Flea Beetle Phyllotreta striolata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Across Southern China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.775414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The striped flea beetle (SFB) Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major pest of cruciferous vegetables in southern China. The population diversity and genetic structure of SFB are unknown. Here, we assembled a draft genome for the SFB and characterized the distribution of microsatellites. Then, we developed 12 novel microsatellite markers across the genome. We used a segment of the cox1 gene and newly developed microsatellite markers to genotype the genetic diversity of SFB across southern China. There were 44 mitochondrial haplotypes in the SFB populations, with haplotype 2 as the most widespread. The population genetic differentiation was very low, indicated by FST-values (<0.05 except for Guangxi population with other populations based on cox1), high gene flow (4.10 and 44.88 of cox1 and microsatellite, respectively) and Principal Coordinate Analysis across all populations. Mantel test showed genetic distance in SFB was significantly associated with geographic distance based on microsatellites (R2 = 0.2373, P = 0.014) while result based on cox1 (R2 = 0.0365, P = 0.155) showed no significant difference. The phylogenetic analysis did not find any geographically related clades among all haplotypes. Analyses based on microsatellites showed a lack of population genetic structure among all populations. Our study provides a foundation for the future understanding of the ecology and evolution of SFB and its management.
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16
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Amiri N, Vaissi S, Aghamir F, Saberi‐Pirooz R, Rödder D, Ebrahimi E, Ahmadzadeh F. Tracking climate change in the spatial distribution pattern and the phylogeographic structure of Hyrcanian wood frog,
Rana pseudodalmatina
(Anura: Ranidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Amiri
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Somaye Vaissi
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Razi University Kermanshah Iran
| | - Fateme Aghamir
- Department of Agroecology Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Reihaneh Saberi‐Pirooz
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Herpetology Section Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) Bonn Germany
| | - Elham Ebrahimi
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Faraham Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
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17
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Du Z, Wu Y, Chen Z, Cao L, Ishikawa T, Kamitani S, Sota T, Song F, Tian L, Cai W, Li H. Global phylogeography and invasion history of the spotted lanternfly revealed by mitochondrial phylogenomics. Evol Appl 2021; 14:915-930. [PMID: 33897812 PMCID: PMC8061274 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasion has been a serious global threat due to increasing international trade and population movements. Tracking the source and route of invasive species and evaluating the genetic differences in their native regions have great significance for the effective monitoring and management, and further resolving the invasive mechanism. The spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula is native to China and invaded South Korea, Japan, and the United States during the last decade, causing severe damages to the fruits and timber industries. However, its global phylogeographic pattern and invasion history are not clearly understood. We applied high-throughput sequencing to obtain 392 whole mitochondrial genome sequences from four countries to ascertain the origin, dispersal, and invasion history of the spotted lanternfly. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that the spotted lanternfly originated from southwestern China, diverged into six phylogeographic lineages, and experienced northward expansion across the Yangtze River in the late Pleistocene. South Korea populations were derived from multiple invasions from eastern China and Japan with two different genetic sources of northwestern (Loess Plateau) and eastern (East Plain) lineages in China, whereas the each of Japan and the United States had only one. The United States populations originated through single invasive event from South Korea, which served as a bridgehead of invasion. The environmental conditions, especially the distribution of host Ailanthus trees, and adaptability possibly account for the rapid spread of the spotted lanternfly in the native and introduced regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyong Du
- Department of EntomologyMOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Department of EntomologyMOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of EntomologyMOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liangming Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Forest ProtectionNational Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Tadashi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of EntomologyFaculty of AgricultureTokyo University of AgricultureAtsugiJapan
| | - Satoshi Kamitani
- Entomological LaboratoryGraduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of ZoologyGraduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversitySakyoJapan
| | - Fan Song
- Department of EntomologyMOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li Tian
- Department of EntomologyMOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of EntomologyMOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hu Li
- Department of EntomologyMOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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18
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Liu Q, Xie Y, Liu B, Zhou Z, Feng Z, Chen Y. A transcriptomic variation map provides insights into the genetic basis of Pinus massoniana Lamb. evolution and the association with oleoresin yield. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:375. [PMID: 32791991 PMCID: PMC7427074 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), the dominant native coniferous species in southern China, is commercially important for supplying timber and oleoresin. However, knowledge of the genetic variability of masson pine germplasm is still limited. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of masson pine germplasm were assessed using 204 wild accessions from 10 main distribution regions using 94,194 core single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from transcriptome sequencing data. RESULTS The average expected heterozygosity was 0.2724, implying abundant genetic diversity within masson pine germplasm. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 3.29% of the variation was sourced from genetic differentiation. Structure analysis identified two geographically distinct groups. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) showed that one of those groups was further divided into two clusters. Sichuan and Chongqing provenance is the geographical origin, which diffused outward along two different lines. Oleoresin yield is reflected in the evolution of the two groups, and exhibits two different trends along the two lines of diffusion. The oleoresin yield may be associated with the genes of chitinase, CYP720B, cytochrome P450, ABC transporter, and AP2/ethylene-responsive transcription factor (ERF) based on SNPs and expression. CONCLUSIONS SNP markers from transcriptome sequencing are highly capable of evaluating genetic diversity within different species, as well as the genetic control of objective traits. The functions of these genes will be verified in future studies, and those genes strongly associated with oleoresin yield will be used to improve yields by means of early genotype selection and genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yini Xie
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichun Zhou
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongping Feng
- Laoshan Forest Farm of Chunan County, Chunan, 311700, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, 101300, People's Republic of China
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19
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Othman SN, Chen YH, Chuang MF, Andersen D, Jang Y, Borzée A. Impact of the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution and Anthropogenic Factors on the Dispersion of Asian Black-Spined Toads ( Duttaphrynus melanostictus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1157. [PMID: 32650538 PMCID: PMC7401666 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Divergence-time estimation critically improves the understanding of biogeography processes underlying the distribution of species, especially when fossil data is not available. We hypothesise that the Asian black-spined toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, expanded into the Eastern Indomalaya following the Quaternary glaciations with the subsequent colonisation of new landscapes during the Last Glacial Maximum. Divergence dating inferred from 364 sequences of mitochondrial tRNAGly ND3 supported the emergence of a common ancestor to the three D. melanostictus clades around 1.85 (±0.77) Ma, matching with the Lower to Mid-Pleistocene transition. Duttaphrynus melanostictus then dispersed into Southeast Asia from the central Indo-Pacific and became isolated in the Southern Sundaic and Wallacea regions 1.43 (±0.10) Ma through vicariance as a result of sea level oscillations. The clade on the Southeast Asian mainland then colonised the peninsula from Myanmar to Vietnam and expanded towards Southeastern China at the end of the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution 0.84 (±0.32) Ma. Population dynamics further highlight an expansion of the Southeast Asian mainland population towards Taiwan, the Northeastern edge of the species' range after the last interglacial, and during the emergence of the Holocene human settlements around 7000 BP. Thus, the current divergence of D. melanostictus into three segregated clades was mostly shaped by Quaternary glaciations, followed by natural dispersion events over land bridges and accelerated by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti N. Othman
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (S.N.O.); (M.-F.C.); (D.A.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yi-Huey Chen
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Feng Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (S.N.O.); (M.-F.C.); (D.A.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Desiree Andersen
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (S.N.O.); (M.-F.C.); (D.A.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (S.N.O.); (M.-F.C.); (D.A.); (Y.J.)
| | - Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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20
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Yang C, Zhu EJ, He QJ, Yi CH, Wang XB, Hu SJ, Wei SJ. Strong genetic differentiation among populations of Cheirotonus gestroi (Coleoptera: Euchiridae) in its native area sheds lights on species conservation. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2020; 31:108-119. [PMID: 32202195 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2020.1741565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The long-armed scarab (Cheirotonus gestroi) is an endangered large insect in southwestern China and neighboring countries; however, limited information is available regarding its population genetics, hindering conservation efforts. Therefore, we investigated the population genetic structure and evolutionary history of C. gestroi in southwestern China. Twenty-five haplotypes were obtained from 47 specimens across five populations. The Dawei Mountain (DWS) population differed from other populations by a high genetic distance. Population structure analysis generated three distinct clades, corresponding to Hengduan Mountains (HM), Ailao Mountains (AM), and Dawei Mountains (DM), and high-level genetic diversity was found in two HM populations. Collectively, the strong genetic differentiation among populations might be due to limited gene flow, geographical isolation, and habitat fragmentation. Therefore, while developing a conservation strategy, HM, AM, and DM groups should be defined as separate management units. Additionally, the DWS population should be given priority protection due to its uniqueness and low genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Key Lab Forest Disaster Warning and Control Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - En-Jiao Zhu
- Key Lab Forest Disaster Warning and Control Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiu-Ju He
- Key Lab Forest Disaster Warning and Control Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Chuan-Hui Yi
- Key Lab Forest Disaster Warning and Control Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xu-Bo Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Shao-Ji Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Deng JY, Fu RH, Compton SG, Liu M, Wang Q, Yuan C, Zhang LS, Chen Y. Sky islands as foci for divergence of fig trees and their pollinators in southwest China. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:762-782. [PMID: 31943487 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of populations and their divergence over time have shaped current levels of biodiversity and in the case of the "sky islands" of mountainous southwest (SW) China have resulted in an area of exceptional botanical diversity. Ficus tikoua is a prostrate fig tree subendemic to the area that displays unique intraspecific diversity, producing figs typical of different pollination modes in different parts of its range. By combining climate models, genetic variation in populations of the tree's obligate fig wasp pollinators and distributions of the different plant phenotypes, we examined how this unusual situation may have developed. We identified three genetically distinct groups of a single Ceratosolen pollinator species that have largely parapatric distributions. The complex topography of the region contributed to genetic divergence among the pollinators by facilitating geographical isolation and providing refugia. Migration along elevations in response to climate oscillations further enhanced genetic differentiation of the three pollinator groups. Their distributions loosely correspond to the distributions of the functionally significant morphological differences in the male figs of their host plants, but postglacial expansion of one group has not been matched by spread of its associated plant phenotype, possibly due to a major river barrier. The results highlight how interplay between the complex topography of the "sky island" complex and climate change has shaped intraspecies differentiation and relationships between the plant and its pollinator. Similar processes may explain the exceptional botanical diversity of SW China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yin Deng
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China.,Division of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rong-Hua Fu
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
| | | | - Mei Liu
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
| | - Chuan Yuan
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
| | - Lu-Shui Zhang
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
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22
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Andersen JC, Havill NP, Mannai Y, Ezzine O, Dhahri S, Ben Jamâa ML, Caccone A, Elkinton JS. Identification of winter moth ( Operophtera brumata) refugia in North Africa and the Italian Peninsula during the last glacial maximum. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13931-13941. [PMID: 31938492 PMCID: PMC6953680 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the genetic diversity of species inhabiting temperate regions has been shaped by changes in their distributions during the Quaternary climatic oscillations. For some species, the genetic distinctness of isolated populations is maintained during secondary contact, while for others, admixture is frequently observed. For the winter moth (Operophtera brumata), an important defoliator of oak forests across Europe and northern Africa, we previously determined that contemporary populations correspond to genetic diversity obtained during the last glacial maximum (LGM) through the use of refugia in the Iberian and Aegean peninsulas, and to a lesser extent the Caucasus region. Missing from this sampling were populations from the Italian peninsula and from North Africa, both regions known to have played important roles as glacial refugia for other species. Therefore, we genotyped field-collected winter moth individuals from southern Italy and northwestern Tunisia-the latter a region where severe oak forest defoliation by winter moth has recently been reported-using polymorphic microsatellite. We reconstructed the genetic relationships of these populations in comparison to moths previously sampled from the Iberian and Aegean peninsulas, the Caucasus region, and western Europe using genetic distance, Bayesian clustering, and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) methods. Our results indicate that both the southern Italian and the Tunisian populations are genetically distinct from other sampled populations, and likely originated in their respective refugium during the LGM after diverging from a population that eventually settled in the Iberian refugium. These suggest that winter moth populations persisted in at least five Mediterranean LGM refugia. Finally, we comment that outbreaks by winter moth in northwestern Tunisia are not the result of a recent introduction of a nonnative species, but rather are most likely due to land use or environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C. Andersen
- Department of Environmental ConservationUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA
| | | | - Yaussra Mannai
- LR161INRGREF01 Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest ResourcesNational Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest (INRGREF)University of CarthageArianaTunisia
| | - Olfa Ezzine
- LR161INRGREF03 Laboratory of Forest EcologyNational Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest (INRGREF)University of CarthageArianaTunisia
| | - Samir Dhahri
- LR161INRGREF01 Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest ResourcesNational Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest (INRGREF)University of CarthageArianaTunisia
| | - Mohamed Lahbib Ben Jamâa
- LR161INRGREF01 Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest ResourcesNational Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest (INRGREF)University of CarthageArianaTunisia
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Joseph S. Elkinton
- Department of Environmental ConservationUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMAUSA
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23
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Du Z, Ishikawa T, Liu H, Kamitani S, Tadauchi O, Cai W, Li H. Phylogeography of the Assassin Bug Sphedanolestes impressicollis in East Asia Inferred From Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene Sequences. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051234. [PMID: 30870981 PMCID: PMC6429140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The assassin bug, Sphedanolestes impressicollis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), is widely distributed in East Asia. It is an ideal model for evaluating the effects of climatic fluctuation and geographical events on the distribution patterns of East Asian reduviids. Here, we used two mitochondrial genes and one nuclear gene to investigate the phylogeographic pattern of the assassin bug based on comprehensive sampling in China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, and Laos. High levels of genetic differentiation were detected among the geographic populations classified into the northern and southern groups. A significant correlation was detected between genetic and geographical distances. The East China Sea land bridge served as a “dispersal corridor” during Pleistocene glaciation. The estimated divergence time indicated that the northern group may have separated from the eastern Chinese populations when the sea level rapidly rose during the “Ryukyu Coral Sea Stage” and the East China Sea land bridge was completely submerged. Demographic history and ecological niche modeling suggested that appropriate climatic conditions may have accounted for the rapid spread across the Korean Peninsula and Japan during the late Pleistocene. Our study underscores the pivotal roles of the Pleistocene sea level changes and climatic fluctuations in determining the distribution patterns of East Asian reduviids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyong Du
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tadashi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan.
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kamitani
- Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Osamu Tadauchi
- Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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