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Gupta N, Somayajulu M, Gurdziel K, LoGrasso G, Aziz H, Rosati R, McClellan S, Pitchaikannu A, Santra M, Shukkur MFA, Stemmer P, Hazlett LD, Xu S. The miR-183/96/182 cluster regulates sensory innervation, resident myeloid cells and functions of the cornea through cell type-specific target genes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7676. [PMID: 38561433 PMCID: PMC10985120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The conserved miR-183/96/182 cluster (miR-183C) is expressed in both corneal resident myeloid cells (CRMCs) and sensory nerves (CSN) and modulates corneal immune/inflammatory responses. To uncover cell type-specific roles of miR-183C in CRMC and CSN and their contributions to corneal physiology, myeloid-specific miR-183C conditional knockout (MS-CKO), and sensory nerve-specific CKO (SNS-CKO) mice were produced and characterized in comparison to the conventional miR-183C KO. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy of flatmount corneas, corneal sensitivity, and tear volume assays were performed in young adult naïve mice; 3' RNA sequencing (Seq) and proteomics in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), cornea and CRMCs. Our results showed that, similar to conventional KO mice, the numbers of CRMCs were increased in both MS-CKO and SNS-CKO vs age- and sex-matched WT control littermates, suggesting intrinsic and extrinsic regulations of miR-183C on CRMCs. The number of CRMCs was increased in male vs female MS-CKO mice, suggesting sex-dependent regulation of miR-183C on CRMCs. In the miR-183C KO and SNS-CKO, but not the MS-CKO mice, CSN density was decreased in the epithelial layer of the cornea, but not the stromal layer. Functionally, corneal sensitivity and basal tear volume were reduced in the KO and SNS-CKO, but not the MS-CKO mice. Tear volume in males is consistently higher than female WT mice. Bioinformatic analyses of the transcriptomes revealed a series of cell-type specific target genes of miR-183C in TG sensory neurons and CRMCs. Our data elucidate that miR-183C imposes intrinsic and extrinsic regulation on the establishment and function of CSN and CRMCs by cell-specific target genes. miR-183C modulates corneal sensitivity and tear production through its regulation of corneal sensory innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naman Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mallika Somayajulu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | | | - Giovanni LoGrasso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Haidy Aziz
- School of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rita Rosati
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sharon McClellan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ahalya Pitchaikannu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Manoranjan Santra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Muhammed Farooq Abdul Shukkur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Paul Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Linda D Hazlett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Shunbin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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2
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Kuttiyarthu Veetil N, Henschen AE, Hawley DM, Melepat B, Dalloul RA, Beneš V, Adelman JS, Vinkler M. Varying conjunctival immune response adaptations of house finch populations to a rapidly evolving bacterial pathogen. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1250818. [PMID: 38370402 PMCID: PMC10869556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1250818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogen adaptations during host-pathogen co-evolution can cause the host balance between immunity and immunopathology to rapidly shift. However, little is known in natural disease systems about the immunological pathways optimised through the trade-off between immunity and self-damage. The evolutionary interaction between the conjunctival bacterial infection Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and its avian host, the house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), can provide insights into such adaptations in immune regulation. Here we use experimental infections to reveal immune variation in conjunctival tissue for house finches captured from four distinct populations differing in the length of their co-evolutionary histories with MG and their disease tolerance (defined as disease severity per pathogen load) in controlled infection studies. To differentiate contributions of host versus pathogen evolution, we compared house finch responses to one of two MG isolates: the original VA1994 isolate and a more evolutionarily derived one, VA2013. To identify differential gene expression involved in initiation of the immune response to MG, we performed 3'-end transcriptomic sequencing (QuantSeq) of samples from the infection site, conjunctiva, collected 3-days post-infection. In response to MG, we observed an increase in general pro-inflammatory signalling, as well as T-cell activation and IL17 pathway differentiation, associated with a decrease in the IL12/IL23 pathway signalling. The immune response was stronger in response to the evolutionarily derived MG isolate compared to the original one, consistent with known increases in MG virulence over time. The host populations differed namely in pre-activation immune gene expression, suggesting population-specific adaptations. Compared to other populations, finches from Virginia, which have the longest co-evolutionary history with MG, showed significantly higher expression of anti-inflammatory genes and Th1 mediators. This may explain the evolution of disease tolerance to MG infection in VA birds. We also show a potential modulating role of BCL10, a positive B- and T-cell regulator activating the NFKB signalling. Our results illuminate potential mechanisms of house finch adaptation to MG-induced immunopathology, contributing to understanding of the host evolutionary responses to pathogen-driven shifts in immunity-immunopathology trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amberleigh E. Henschen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Dana M. Hawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Balraj Melepat
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rami A. Dalloul
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Vladimír Beneš
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James S. Adelman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czechia
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3
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Kuttiyarthu Veetil N, Cedraz de Oliveira H, Gomez-Samblas M, Divín D, Melepat B, Voukali E, Świderská Z, Krajzingrová T, Těšický M, Jung F, Beneš V, Madsen O, Vinkler M. Peripheral inflammation-induced changes in songbird brain gene expression: 3' mRNA transcriptomic approach. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:105106. [PMID: 38013114 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Species-specific neural inflammation can be induced by profound immune signalling from periphery to brain. Recent advances in transcriptomics offer cost-effective approaches to study this regulation. In a population of captive zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), we compare the differential gene expression patterns in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered peripheral inflammation revealed by RNA-seq and QuantSeq. The RNA-seq approach identified more differentially expressed genes but failed to detect any inflammatory markers. In contrast, QuantSeq results identified specific expression changes in the genes regulating inflammation. Next, we adopted QuantSeq to relate peripheral and brain transcriptomes. We identified subtle changes in the brain gene expression during the peripheral inflammation (e.g. up-regulation in AVD-like and ACOD1 expression) and detected co-structure between the peripheral and brain inflammation. Our results suggest benefits of the 3'end transcriptomics for association studies between peripheral and neural inflammation in genetically heterogeneous models and identify potential targets for the future brain research in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Kuttiyarthu Veetil
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Haniel Cedraz de Oliveira
- Wageningen University and Research, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Mercedes Gomez-Samblas
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic; Granada University, Science faculty, Department of Parasitology, CP:18071, Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Daniel Divín
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Balraj Melepat
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eleni Voukali
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Świderská
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Krajzingrová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Těšický
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ferris Jung
- EMBL, Genomics Core Facility, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Vladimír Beneš
- EMBL, Genomics Core Facility, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ole Madsen
- Wageningen University and Research, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ravindran A, Holappa L, Niskanen H, Skovorodkin I, Kaisto S, Beter M, Kiema M, Selvarajan I, Nurminen V, Aavik E, Aherrahrou R, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Fortino V, Laakkonen JP, Ylä-Herttuala S, Vainio S, Örd T, Kaikkonen MU. Translatome profiling reveals Itih4 as a novel smooth muscle cell-specific gene in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2024:cvae028. [PMID: 38289873 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and their derivatives are key contributors to the development of atherosclerosis. However, studying changes in SMC gene expression in heterogeneous vascular tissues is challenging due to the technical limitations and high cost associated with current approaches. In this paper, we apply Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification sequencing (TRAP-Seq) to profile SMC-specific gene expression directly from tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS To facilitate SMC-specific translatome analysis, we generated SMCTRAP mice, a transgenic mouse line expressing EGFP-tagged ribosomal protein L10a (EGFP-L10a) under the control of the SMC-specific αSMA promoter. These mice were further crossed with the atherosclerosis model Ldlr-/-, ApoB100/100 to generate SMCTRAP-AS mice and used to profile atherosclerosis-associated SMCs in thoracic aorta samples of 15-month-old SMCTRAP and SMCTRAP-AS mice. Our analysis of SMCTRAP-AS mice showed that EGFP-L10a expression was localized to SMCs in various tissues, including the aortic wall and plaque. The TRAP fraction demonstrated high enrichment of known SMC-specific genes, confirming the specificity of our approach. We identified several genes, including Cemip, Lum, Mfge8, Spp1, and Serpina3, that are known to be involved in atherosclerosis-induced gene expression. Moreover, we identified several novel genes not previously linked to SMCs in atherosclerosis, such as Anxa4, Cd276, Itih4, Myof, Pcdh11x, Rab31, Serpinb6b, Slc35e4, Slc8a3, and Spink5. Among them, we confirmed the SMC-specific expression of Itih4 in atherosclerotic lesions using immunofluorescence staining of mouse aortic roots and spatial transcriptomics of human carotid arteries. Furthermore, our more detailed analysis of Itih4 showed its link to coronary artery disease (CAD) through the colocalization of GWAS, splice-QTL, and protein-QTL signals. CONCLUSIONS We generated a SMC-specific TRAP mouse line to study atherosclerosis and identified Itih4 as a novel SMC-expressed gene in atherosclerotic plaques, warranting further investigation of its putative function in extracellular matrix stability and genetic evidence of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Ravindran
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Lari Holappa
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Ilya Skovorodkin
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu
| | - Susanna Kaisto
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu
| | - Mustafa Beter
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Miika Kiema
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Ilakya Selvarajan
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Valtteri Nurminen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Einari Aavik
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Rédouane Aherrahrou
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vittorio Fortino
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna P Laakkonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Seppo Vainio
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
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5
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Sturgill D, Wang L, Arda HE. PancrESS - a meta-analysis resource for understanding cell-type specific expression in the human pancreas. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:76. [PMID: 38238687 PMCID: PMC10797729 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human pancreas is composed of specialized cell types producing hormones and enzymes critical to human health. These specialized functions are the result of cell type-specific transcriptional programs which manifest in cell-specific gene expression. Understanding these programs is essential to developing therapies for pancreatic disorders. Transcription in the human pancreas has been widely studied by single-cell RNA technologies, however the diversity of protocols and analysis methods hinders their interpretability in the aggregate. RESULTS In this work, we perform a meta-analysis of pancreatic single-cell RNA sequencing data. We present a database for reference transcriptome abundances and cell-type specificity metrics. This database facilitates the identification and definition of marker genes within the pancreas. Additionally, we introduce a versatile tool which is freely available as an R package, and should permit integration into existing workflows. Our tool accepts count data files generated by widely-used single-cell gene expression platforms in their original format, eliminating an additional pre-formatting step. Although we designed it to calculate expression specificity of pancreas cell types, our tool is agnostic to the biological source of count data, extending its applicability to other biological systems. CONCLUSIONS Our findings enhance the current understanding of expression specificity within the pancreas, surpassing previous work in terms of scope and detail. Furthermore, our database and tool enable researchers to perform similar calculations in diverse biological systems, expanding the applicability of marker gene identification and facilitating comparative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sturgill
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - H Efsun Arda
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Chakkingal Bhaskaran B, Meyermans R, Gorssen W, Maes GE, Buyse J, Janssens S, Buys N. The forgotten variable? Does the euthanasia method and sample storage condition influence an organisms transcriptome - a gene expression analysis on multiple tissues in pigs. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:769. [PMID: 38093185 PMCID: PMC10720124 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptomic studies often require collection of fresh tissues post euthanasia. The chosen euthanasia method might have the potential to induce variations in gene expressions that are unlinked with the experimental design. The present study compared the suitability of 'nitrogen gas in foam' (ANOXIA) in comparison to a non-barbiturate anaesthetic, T-61® (T61), for euthanizing piglets used in transcriptome research. Further, the effect of common tissue storage conditions, RNAlater™ (RL) and snap freezing in liquid nitrogen (LN2), on gene expression profiles were also analysed. RESULTS On comparison of the 3'mRNA-Seq data generated from pituitary, hypothalamus, liver and lung tissues, no significant differential expression in the protein coding genes were detected between the euthanasia methods. This implies that the nitrogen anoxia method could be a suitable alternative for euthanasia of piglets used in transcriptomic research. However, small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) that constitute the eukaryotic spliceosomal machinery were found to be significantly higher (log2fold change ≥ 2.0, and adjusted p value ≤ 0.1) in pituitary samples collected using ANOXIA. Non-protein coding genes like snRNAs that play an important role in pre-mRNA splicing can subsequently modify gene expression. Storage in RL was found to be superior in preserving RNA compared to LN2 storage, as evidenced by the significantly higher RIN values in representative samples. However, storage in RL as opposed to LN2, also influenced differential gene expression in multiple tissues, perhaps as a result of its inability to inhibit biological activity during storage. Hence such external sources of variations should be carefully considered before arriving at research conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Source of biological variations like euthanasia method and storage condition can confound research findings. Even if we are unable to prevent the effect of these external factors, it will be useful to identify the impact of these variables on the parameter under observation and thereby prevent misinterpretation of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chakkingal Bhaskaran
- Department of Biosystems, Centre for Animal Breeding and Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium.
| | - R Meyermans
- Department of Biosystems, Centre for Animal Breeding and Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - W Gorssen
- Department of Biosystems, Centre for Animal Breeding and Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - G E Maes
- Centre for Human Genetics, Genomics Core, UZ-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Buyse
- Department of Biosystems, Laboratory of Livestock Physiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - S Janssens
- Department of Biosystems, Centre for Animal Breeding and Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - N Buys
- Department of Biosystems, Centre for Animal Breeding and Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, Box 2472, Leuven, 3001, Belgium.
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7
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McClure RS, Rericha Y, Waters KM, Tanguay RL. 3' RNA-seq is superior to standard RNA-seq in cases of sparse data but inferior at identifying toxicity pathways in a model organism. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1234218. [PMID: 37576716 PMCID: PMC10414111 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1234218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The application of RNA-sequencing has led to numerous breakthroughs related to investigating gene expression levels in complex biological systems. Among these are knowledge of how organisms, such as the vertebrate model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio), respond to toxicant exposure. Recently, the development of 3' RNA-seq has allowed for the determination of gene expression levels with a fraction of the required reads compared to standard RNA-seq. While 3' RNA-seq has many advantages, a comparison to standard RNA-seq has not been performed in the context of whole organism toxicity and sparse data. Methods and results: Here, we examined samples from zebrafish exposed to perfluorobutane sulfonamide (FBSA) with either 3' or standard RNA-seq to determine the advantages of each with regards to the identification of functionally enriched pathways. We found that 3' and standard RNA-seq showed specific advantages when focusing on annotated or unannotated regions of the genome. We also found that standard RNA-seq identified more differentially expressed genes (DEGs), but that this advantage disappeared under conditions of sparse data. We also found that standard RNA-seq had a significant advantage in identifying functionally enriched pathways via analysis of DEG lists but that this advantage was minimal when identifying pathways via gene set enrichment analysis of all genes. Conclusions: These results show that each approach has experimental conditions where they may be advantageous. Our observations can help guide others in the choice of 3' RNA-seq vs standard RNA sequencing to query gene expression levels in a range of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Yvonne Rericha
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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8
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Stokes T, Cen HH, Kapranov P, Gallagher IJ, Pitsillides AA, Volmar C, Kraus WE, Johnson JD, Phillips SM, Wahlestedt C, Timmons JA. Transcriptomics for Clinical and Experimental Biology Research: Hang on a Seq. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:2200024. [PMID: 37288167 PMCID: PMC10242409 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing the human genome empowers translational medicine, facilitating transcriptome-wide molecular diagnosis, pathway biology, and drug repositioning. Initially, microarrays are used to study the bulk transcriptome; but now short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) predominates. Positioned as a superior technology, that makes the discovery of novel transcripts routine, most RNA-seq analyses are in fact modeled on the known transcriptome. Limitations of the RNA-seq methodology have emerged, while the design of, and the analysis strategies applied to, arrays have matured. An equitable comparison between these technologies is provided, highlighting advantages that modern arrays hold over RNA-seq. Array protocols more accurately quantify constitutively expressed protein coding genes across tissue replicates, and are more reliable for studying lower expressed genes. Arrays reveal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are neither sparsely nor lower expressed than protein coding genes. Heterogeneous coverage of constitutively expressed genes observed with RNA-seq, undermines the validity and reproducibility of pathway analyses. The factors driving these observations, many of which are relevant to long-read or single-cell sequencing are discussed. As proposed herein, a reappreciation of bulk transcriptomic methods is required, including wider use of the modern high-density array data-to urgently revise existing anatomical RNA reference atlases and assist with more accurate study of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Stokes
- Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonL8S 4L8Canada
| | - Haoning Howard Cen
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada
| | | | - Iain J Gallagher
- School of Applied SciencesEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH11 4BNUK
| | | | | | | | - James D. Johnson
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada
| | | | | | - James A. Timmons
- Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFL33136USA
- William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University LondonLondonEC1M 6BQUK
- Augur Precision Medicine LTDStirlingFK9 5NFUK
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9
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Edelmann S, Wiegand A, Hentrich T, Pasche S, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Munk MHJ, Fallgatter AJ, Kreifelts B, Nieratschker V. Blood transcriptome analysis suggests an indirect molecular association of early life adversities and adult social anxiety disorder by immune-related signal transduction. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1125553. [PMID: 37181876 PMCID: PMC10168183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by severe fear in social situations and avoidance of these. Multiple genetic as well as environmental factors contribute to the etiopathology of SAD. One of the main risk factors for SAD is stress, especially during early periods of life (early life adversity; ELA). ELA leads to structural and regulatory alterations contributing to disease vulnerability. This includes the dysregulation of the immune response. However, the molecular link between ELA and the risk for SAD in adulthood remains largely unclear. Evidence is emerging that long-lasting changes of gene expression patterns play an important role in the biological mechanisms linking ELA and SAD. Therefore, we conducted a transcriptome study of SAD and ELA performing RNA sequencing in peripheral blood samples. Analyzing differential gene expression between individuals suffering from SAD with high or low levels of ELA and healthy individuals with high or low levels of ELA, 13 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with respect to SAD while no significant differences in expression were identified with respect to ELA. The most significantly expressed gene was MAPK3 (p = 0.003) being upregulated in the SAD group compared to control individuals. In contrary, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified only modules significantly associated with ELA (p ≤ 0.05), not with SAD. Furthermore, analyzing interaction networks of the genes from the ELA-associated modules and the SAD-related MAPK3 revealed complex interactions of those genes. Gene functional enrichment analyses indicate a role of signal transduction pathways as well as inflammatory responses supporting an involvement of the immune system in the association of ELA and SAD. In conclusion, we did not identify a direct molecular link between ELA and adult SAD by transcriptional changes. However, our data indicate an indirect association of ELA and SAD mediated by the interaction of genes involved in immune-related signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Edelmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ariane Wiegand
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Max Planck Fellow Group Precision Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hentrich
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sarah Pasche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Maria Schulze-Hentrich
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias H. J. Munk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kreifelts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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10
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Angel-Velez D, Meese T, Hedia M, Fernandez-Montoro A, De Coster T, Pascottini OB, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Govaere J, Van Soom A, Pavani K, Smits K. Transcriptomics Reveal Molecular Differences in Equine Oocytes Vitrified before and after In Vitro Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086915. [PMID: 37108081 PMCID: PMC10138936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, in vitro embryo production in horses has become an established clinical practice, but blastocyst rates from vitrified equine oocytes remain low. Cryopreservation impairs the oocyte developmental potential, which may be reflected in the messenger RNA (mRNA) profile. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the transcriptome profiles of metaphase II equine oocytes vitrified before and after in vitro maturation. To do so, three groups were analyzed with RNA sequencing: (1) fresh in vitro matured oocytes as a control (FR), (2) oocytes vitrified after in vitro maturation (VMAT), and (3) oocytes vitrified immature, warmed, and in vitro matured (VIM). In comparison with fresh oocytes, VIM resulted in 46 differentially expressed (DE) genes (14 upregulated and 32 downregulated), while VMAT showed 36 DE genes (18 in each category). A comparison of VIM vs. VMAT resulted in 44 DE genes (20 upregulated and 24 downregulated). Pathway analyses highlighted cytoskeleton, spindle formation, and calcium and cation ion transport and homeostasis as the main affected pathways in vitrified oocytes. The vitrification of in vitro matured oocytes presented subtle advantages in terms of the mRNA profile over the vitrification of immature oocytes. Therefore, this study provides a new perspective for understanding the impact of vitrification on equine oocytes and can be the basis for further improvements in the efficiency of equine oocyte vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Angel-Velez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Research Group in Animal Sciences-INCA-CES, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia
| | - Tim Meese
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Hedia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Andrea Fernandez-Montoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tine De Coster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Govaere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Krishna Pavani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Smits
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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11
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Zhao Z, Attanasio C, Pedano MS, Cadenas de Llano-Pérula M. Comparison of human dental tissue RNA extraction methods for RNA sequencing. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 148:105646. [PMID: 36812743 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify an efficient RNA extraction method for periodontal ligament (PDL) and dental pulp (DP) tissues to be used in RNA sequencing studies, given the increased use of these techniques in dental research and the lack of standard protocols. DESIGN PDL and DP were harvested from extracted third molars. Total RNA was extracted with four RNA extraction kits. RNA concentration, purity and integrity were assessed by means of NanoDrop and Bioanalyzer and statistically compared. RESULTS RNA from PDL was more likely to be degraded than that of DP. The TRIzol method yielded the highest RNA concentration from both tissues. All methods harvested RNA with A260/A280 close to 2.0 and with A260/A230 above 1.5, except for the A260/A230 from PDL obtained with the RNeasy Mini kit. For RNA integrity, the RNeasy Fibrous Tissue Mini kit yielded the highest RIN values and 28 S/18 S from PDL, while the RNeasy Mini kit obtained relatively high RIN values with an appropriate 28 S/18 S for DP. CONCLUSION Significantly different results were obtained for PDL and DP when using the RNeasy Mini kit. The RNeasy Mini kit provided the highest RNA yields and quality for DP, while the RNeasy Fibrous Tissue Mini kit obtained the highest quality RNA from PDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuodong Zhao
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Catia Attanasio
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Disease, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariano Simón Pedano
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Endodontics and BIOMAT - Biomaterials Research group, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Zhao L, Mühleisen TW, Pelzer DI, Burger B, Beins EC, Forstner AJ, Herms S, Hoffmann P, Amunts K, Palomero-Gallagher N, Cichon S. Relationships between neurotransmitter receptor densities and expression levels of their corresponding genes in the human hippocampus. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120095. [PMID: 37030412 PMCID: PMC10167541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter receptors are key molecules in signal transmission, their alterations are associated with brain dysfunction. Relationships between receptors and their corresponding genes are poorly understood, especially in humans. We combined in vitro receptor autoradiography and RNA sequencing to quantify, in the same tissue samples (7 subjects), the densities of 14 receptors and expression levels of their corresponding 43 genes in the Cornu Ammonis (CA) and dentate gyrus (DG) of human hippocampus. Significant differences in receptor densities between both structures were found only for metabotropic receptors, whereas significant differences in RNA expression levels mostly pertained ionotropic receptors. Receptor fingerprints of CA and DG differ in shapes but have similar sizes; the opposite holds true for their "RNA fingerprints", which represent the expression levels of multiple genes in a single area. In addition, the correlation coefficients between receptor densities and corresponding gene expression levels vary widely and the mean correlation strength was weak-to-moderate. Our results suggest that receptor densities are not only controlled by corresponding RNA expression levels, but also by multiple regionally specific post-translational factors.
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13
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Butto T, Mungikar K, Baumann P, Winter J, Lutz B, Gerber S. Nuclei on the Rise: When Nuclei-Based Methods Meet Next-Generation Sequencing. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071051. [PMID: 37048124 PMCID: PMC10093037 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, we have witnessed an upsurge in nuclei-based studies, particularly coupled with next-generation sequencing. Such studies aim at understanding the molecular states that exist in heterogeneous cell populations by applying increasingly more affordable sequencing approaches, in addition to optimized methodologies developed to isolate and select nuclei. Although these powerful new methods promise unprecedented insights, it is important to understand and critically consider the associated challenges. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the rise of nuclei-based studies and elaborate on their advantages and disadvantages, with a specific focus on their utility for transcriptomic sequencing analyses. Improved designs and appropriate use of the various experimental strategies will result in acquiring biologically accurate and meaningful information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Butto
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-(0)6131-39-27331 (S.G.)
| | - Kanak Mungikar
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Baumann
- Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Winter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.G.); Tel.: +49-(0)6131-39-27331 (S.G.)
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14
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Mezuk B, Kelly K, Bennion E, Concha JB. Leveraging a genetically-informative study design to explore depression as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: Rationale and participant characteristics of the Mood and Immune Regulation in Twins Study. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1026402. [PMID: 37008275 PMCID: PMC10064086 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1026402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundComorbidity between depression and type 2 diabetes is thought to arise from the joint effects of psychological, behavioral, and biological processes. Studies of monozygotic twins may provide a unique opportunity for clarifying how these processes inter-relate. This paper describes the rationale, characteristics, and initial findings of a longitudinal co-twin study aimed at examining the biopsychosocial mechanisms linking depression and risk of diabetes in mid-life.MethodsParticipants in the Mood and Immune Regulation in Twins (MIRT) Study were recruited from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry. MIRT consisted of 94 individuals who do not have diabetes at baseline, representing 43 twin pairs (41 monozygotic and 2 dizygotic), one set of monozygotic triplets, and 5 individuals whose co-twin did not participate. A broad set of variables were assessed including psychological factors (e.g., lifetime history major depression (MD)); social factors (e.g., stress perceptions and experiences); and biological factors, including indicators of metabolic risk (e.g., BMI, blood pressure (BP), HbA1c) and immune functioning (e.g., pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines), as well as collection of RNA. Participants were re-assessed 6-month later. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and descriptive comparisons were used to explore variation in these psychological, social, and biological factors across time and within pairs.ResultsMean age was 53 years, 68% were female, and 77% identified as white. One-third had a history of MD, and 18 sibling sets were discordant for MD. MD was associated with higher systolic (139.1 vs 132.2 mmHg, p=0.05) and diastolic BP (87.2 vs. 80.8 mmHg, p=0.002) and IL-6 (1.47 vs. 0.93 pg/mL, p=0.001). MD was not associated with BMI, HbA1c, or other immune markers. While the biological characteristics of the co-twins were significantly correlated, all within-person ICCs were higher than the within-pair correlations (e.g., HbA1c within-person ICC=0.88 vs. within-pair ICC=0.49; IL-6 within-person ICC=0.64 vs. within-pair=0.54). Among the pairs discordant for MD, depression was not substantially associated with metabolic or immune markers, but was positively associated with stress.ConclusionsTwin studies have the potential to clarify the biopsychosocial processes linking depression and diabetes, and recently completed processing of RNA samples from MIRT permits future exploration of gene expression as a potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Mezuk
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Briana Mezuk,
| | - Kristen Kelly
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Erica Bennion
- Office of Maternal and Child Health, Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake, UT, United States
| | - Jeannie B. Concha
- College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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15
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Kalikiri MKR, Manjunath HS, Vempalli FR, Mathew LS, Liu L, Wang L, Wang G, Wang K, Soloviov O, Lorenz S, Tomei S. Technical assessment of different extraction methods and transcriptome profiling of RNA isolated from small volumes of blood. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3598. [PMID: 36869090 PMCID: PMC9984369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome profiling of human whole blood is used to discover biomarkers of diseases and to assess phenotypic traits. Recently, finger-stick blood collection systems have allowed a less invasive and quicker collection of peripheral blood. Such non-invasive sampling of small volumes of blood offers practical advantages. The quality of gene expression data is strictly dependent on the steps used for the sample collection, extraction, preparation and sequencing. Here we have: (i) compared the manual and automated RNA extraction of small volumes of blood using the Tempus Spin RNA isolation kit and the MagMAX for Stabilized Blood RNA Isolation kit , respectively; and (ii) assessed the effect of TURBO DNA Free treatment on the transcriptomic data of RNA isolated from small volumes of blood. We have used the QuantSeq 3' FWD mRNA-Seq Library Prep kit to prepare RNA-seq libraries, which were sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq 500 system. The samples isolated manually displayed a higher variability in the transcriptomic data as compared to the other samples. The TURBO DNA Free treatment affected the RNA samples negatively, decreasing the RNA yield and reducing the quality and reproducibility of the transcriptomic data. We conclude that automated extraction systems should be preferred over manual extraction systems for data consistency, and that the TURBO DNA Free treatment should be avoided when working on RNA samples isolated manually from small volumes of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Sara Mathew
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Li Liu
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Li Wang
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Guishuang Wang
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kun Wang
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Oleksandr Soloviov
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stephan Lorenz
- Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomic Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Bioinformatics Core, Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Tomei
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomic Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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16
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Chiari Y, Howard L, Moreno N, Relyea S, Dunnigan J, Boyer MC, Kardos M, Glaberman S, Luikart G. Influence of RNA-Seq library construction, sampling methods, and tissue harvesting time on gene expression estimation. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:803-817. [PMID: 36704853 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is popular for measuring gene expression in non-model organisms, including wild populations. While RNA-Seq can detect gene expression variation among wild-caught individuals and yield important insights into biological function, sampling methods can also affect gene expression estimates. We examined the influence of multiple technical variables on estimated gene expression in a non-model fish, the westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), using two RNA-Seq library types: 3' RNA-Seq (QuantSeq) and whole mRNA-Seq (NEB). We evaluated effects of dip netting versus electrofishing, and of harvesting tissue immediately versus 5 min after euthanasia on estimated gene expression in blood, gill, and muscle. We found no significant differences in gene expression between sampling methods or tissue collection times with either library type. When library types were compared using the same blood samples, 58% of genes detected by both NEB and QuantSeq showed significantly different expression between library types, and NEB detected 31% more genes than QuantSeq. Although the two library types recovered different numbers of genes and expression levels, results with NEB and QuantSeq were consistent in that neither library type showed differences in gene expression between sampling methods and tissue harvesting times. Our study suggests that researchers can safely rely on different fish sampling strategies in the field. In addition, while QuantSeq is more cost effective, NEB detects more expressed genes. Therefore, when it is crucial to detect as many genes as possible (especially low expressed genes), when alternative splicing is of interest, or when working with an organism lacking good genomic resources, whole mRNA-Seq is more powerful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Chiari
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Leif Howard
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, Montana Conservation Genomics Laboratory, Division of Biological Science, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.,Wildlife Biology Program, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Nickolas Moreno
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott Relyea
- Sekokini Springs Hatchery, Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - James Dunnigan
- Sekokini Springs Hatchery, Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | | | - Marty Kardos
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Scott Glaberman
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Gordon Luikart
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, Montana Conservation Genomics Laboratory, Division of Biological Science, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.,Wildlife Biology Program, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
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17
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Blackwell AD, Garcia AR. Ecoimmunology in the field: Measuring multiple dimensions of immune function with minimally invasive, field-adapted techniques. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23784. [PMID: 35861267 PMCID: PMC9786696 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune function is multifaceted and characterizations based on single biomarkers may be uninformative or misleading, particularly when considered across ecological contexts. However, measuring the many facets of immunity in the field can be challenging, since many measures cannot be obtained on-site, necessitating sample preservation and transport. Here we assess state-of-the-art methods for measuring immunity, focusing on measures that require a minimal blood sample obtained from a finger prick, which can be: (1) dried on filter paper, (2) frozen in liquid nitrogen, or (3) stabilized with chemical reagents. RESULTS We review immune measures that can be obtained from point-of-care devices or from immunoassays of dried blood spots (DBSs), field methods for flow cytometry, the use of RNA or DNA sequencing and quantification, and the application of immune activation assays under field conditions. CONCLUSIONS Stable protein products, such as immunoglobulins and C-reactive protein are reliably measured in DBSs. Because less stable proteins, such as cytokines, may be problematic to measure even in fresh blood, mRNA from stabilized blood may provide a cleaner measure of cytokine and broader immune-related gene expression. Gene methylation assays or mRNA sequencing also allow for the quantification of many other parameters, including the inference of leukocyte subsets, though with less accuracy than with flow cytometry. Combining these techniques provides an improvement over single-marker studies, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of how social and ecological variables are linked to immune measures and disease risk in diverse populations and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Blackwell
- Department of AnthropologyWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Research DepartmentPhoenix Children's HospitalPhoenixArizonaUSA,Department of Child HealthUniversity of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenixArizonaUSA
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18
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Svoboda M, Frost HR, Bosco G. Internal oligo(dT) priming introduces systematic bias in bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing count data. NAR Genom Bioinform 2022; 4:lqac035. [PMID: 35651651 PMCID: PMC9142200 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in RNA sequencing have been recently made possible by using oligo(dT) primers for simultaneous mRNA enrichment and reverse transcription priming. The associated increase in efficiency has enabled more economical bulk RNA sequencing methods and the advent of high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing, already one of the most widely adopted methods in transcriptomics. However, the effects of off-target oligo(dT) priming on gene expression quantification have not been appreciated. In the present study, we describe the extent, the possible causes, and the consequences of internal oligo(dT) priming across multiple public datasets obtained from various bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing platforms. To explore and address this issue, we developed a computational algorithm for RNA counting methods, which identifies the sequencing read alignments that likely resulted from internal oligo(dT) priming and removes them from the data. Directly comparing filtered datasets to those obtained by an alternative method reveals significant improvements in gene expression measurement. Finally, we infer a list of human genes whose expression quantification is most likely to be affected by internal oligo(dT) priming and predict that when measured using these methods, the expression of most genes may be inflated by at least 10% whereby some genes are affected more than others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Robert Frost
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Giovanni Bosco
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Giovanni Bosco. Tel: +1 603 650 1210; Fax: +1 603 650 1188;
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19
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Kapustina Ž, Medžiūnė J, Dubovskaja V, Matjošaitis K, Žeimytė S, Lubys A. Sensitive and accurate analysis of gene expression signatures enabled by oligonucleotide-labelled cDNA. RNA Biol 2022; 19:774-780. [PMID: 35653374 PMCID: PMC9191874 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2078093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput RNA sequencing offers a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome complexity originated from regulatory events, such as differential gene expression, alternative polyadenylation and others, and allows the increase in diagnostic capacity and precision. For gene expression profiling applications that do not specifically require information on alternative splicing events, the mRNA 3' termini counting approach is a cost-effective alternative to whole transcriptome sequencing. Here, we report MTAS-seq (mRNA sequencing via terminator-assisted synthesis) - a novel RNA-seq library preparation method directed towards mRNA 3' termini. We demonstrate the specific enrichment for 3'-terminal regions by simple and quick single-tube protocol with built-in molecular barcoding to enable accurate estimation of transcript abundance. To achieve that, we synthesized oligonucleotide-modified dideoxynucleotides which enable the generation of cDNA libraries at the reverse transcription step. We validated the performance of MTAS-seq on well-characterized reference bulk RNA and further tested it with eukaryotic cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žana Kapustina
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics, Research and Development Department, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justina Medžiūnė
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics, Research and Development Department, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Varvara Dubovskaja
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics, Research and Development Department, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karolis Matjošaitis
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics, Research and Development Department, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simona Žeimytė
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics, Research and Development Department, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Lubys
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Baltics, Research and Development Department, Vilnius, Lithuania
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20
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Watkins CP, Zhang W, Wylder AC, Katanski CD, Pan T. A multiplex platform for small RNA sequencing elucidates multifaceted tRNA stress response and translational regulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2491. [PMID: 35513407 PMCID: PMC9072684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs include tRNA, snRNA, micro-RNA, tRNA fragments and others that constitute > 90% of RNA copy numbers in a human cell and perform many essential functions. Popular small RNA-seq strategies limit the insights into coordinated small RNA response to cellular stress. Small RNA-seq also lacks multiplexing capabilities. Here, we report a multiplex small RNA-seq library preparation method (MSR-seq) to investigate cellular small RNA and mRNA response to heat shock, hydrogen peroxide, and arsenite stress. Comparing stress-induced changes of total cellular RNA and polysome-associated RNA, we identify a coordinated tRNA response that involves polysome-specific tRNA abundance and synergistic N3-methylcytosine (m3C) tRNA modification. Combining tRNA and mRNA response to stress we reveal a mechanism of stress-induced down-regulation in translational elongation. We also find that native tRNA molecules lacking several modifications are biased reservoirs for the biogenesis of tRNA fragments. Our results demonstrate the importance of simultaneous investigation of small RNAs and their modifications in response to varying biological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Watkins
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Adam C. Wylder
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Christopher D. Katanski
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Tao Pan
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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21
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Lee S, Jeon D, Choi S, Kang Y, Seo S, Kwon S, Lyu J, Ahn J, Seo J, Kim C. Expression Profile of Sorghum Genes and Cis-Regulatory Elements under Salt-Stress Conditions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070869. [PMID: 35406848 PMCID: PMC9003456 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that causes great losses in crop production worldwide. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of salt resistance in sorghum will help develop salt-tolerant crops with high yields. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the world’s four major grains and is known as a plant with excellent adaptability to salt stress. Among the various genotypes of sorghum, a Korean cultivar Nampungchal is also highly tolerant to salt. However, little is known about how Nampungchal responds to salt stress. In this study, we measured various physiological parameters, including Na+ and K+ contents, in leaves grown under saline conditions and investigated the expression patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using QuantSeq analysis. These DEG analyses revealed that genes up-regulated in a 150 mM NaCl treatment have various functions related to abiotic stresses, such as ERF and DREB. In addition, transcription factors such as ABA, WRKY, MYB, and bZip bind to the CREs region of sorghum and are involved in the regulation of various abiotic stress-responsive transcriptions, including salt stress. These findings may deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of salt tolerance in sorghum and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solji Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.L.); (S.C.); (Y.K.)
| | - Donghyun Jeon
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Sehyun Choi
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.L.); (S.C.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuna Kang
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.L.); (S.C.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sumin Seo
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Soonjae Kwon
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (Advanced Radiation Technology Institute), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Jaeil Lyu
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (Advanced Radiation Technology Institute), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.A.); (J.S.)
- Department of Horticulture, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Joonwoo Ahn
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (Advanced Radiation Technology Institute), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Jisu Seo
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (Advanced Radiation Technology Institute), Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (S.K.); (J.L.); (J.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.L.); (S.C.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.J.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Johns EC, Halligan DL, Tammsalu T, Hill EA, Riha RL, Denison FC, Reynolds RM. Gene expression profiling of placentae from obese women with obstructive sleep apnoea. Placenta 2022; 121:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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A population based expression atlas provides insights into disease resistance and other physiological traits in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Sci Rep 2021; 11:23520. [PMID: 34876620 PMCID: PMC8651776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava, a food security crop in Africa, is grown throughout the tropics and subtropics. Although cassava can provide high productivity in suboptimal conditions, the yield in Africa is substantially lower than in other geographies. The yield gap is attributable to many challenges faced by cassava in Africa, including susceptibility to diseases and poor soil conditions. In this study, we carried out 3’RNA sequencing on 150 accessions from the National Crops Resources Research Institute, Uganda for 5 tissue types, providing population-based transcriptomics resources to the research community in a web-based queryable cassava expression atlas. Differential expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were performed to detect 8820 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), revealing similarity in expression patterns between tissue types and the clustering of detected DEGs into 18 gene modules. As a confirmation of data quality, differential expression and pathway analysis targeting cassava mosaic disease (CMD) identified 27 genes observed in the plant–pathogen interaction pathway, several previously identified CMD resistance genes, and two peroxidase family proteins different from the CMD2 gene. Present research work represents a novel resource towards understanding complex traits at expression and molecular levels for the development of resistant and high-yielding cassava varieties, as exemplified with CMD.
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24
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Kramer AC, Gurdziel K, Thummel R. A Comparative Analysis of Gene and Protein Expression Throughout a Full 28-Day Retinal Regeneration Time-Course in Adult Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:741514. [PMID: 34790663 PMCID: PMC8591265 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.741514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following photoreceptors ablation by intense light exposure, adult zebrafish are capable of complete regeneration due to the ability of their Müller glia (MG) to re-enter the cell cycle, creating progenitors that differentiate into new photoreceptors. The majority of previous reports on retinal regeneration focused on the first few days of the regenerative response, which include MG cell-cycle re-entry and progenitor cell proliferation. With this study, we analyzed the full 28-day time-course of regeneration by pairing a detailed morphological/immunological analysis with RNA-seq transcriptional profiling at 8 key time points during retinal regeneration. We observed several novel findings. First, we provide evidence for two separate peaks of MG gliosis, with the secondary gliotic peak occurring after MG cell-cycle re-entry. Second, we highlight a distinct transcriptional shift between 5- and 10-days post lesion that highlights the transition from progenitor proliferation to differentiation into new photoreceptors. Third, we show distinctly different patterns of transcriptional recovery of the photoreceptor opsins at 28 days post lesion. Finally, using differential gene expression analysis, we revealed that the established functional recovery of the retina at 28 days post lesion does not, in fact, return to an undamaged transcriptional state, potentially redefining what the field considers complete regeneration. Together, to our knowledge, this work represents the first histological and transcriptomic map of a 28-day time-course of retinal regeneration in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C Kramer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Genome Sciences Core, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ryan Thummel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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25
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Jang JS, Holicky E, Lau J, McDonough S, Mutawe M, Koster MJ, Warrington KJ, Cuninngham JM. Application of the 3' mRNA-Seq using unique molecular identifiers in highly degraded RNA derived from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:759. [PMID: 34689749 PMCID: PMC8543821 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples with clinical and histological data are a singularly valuable resource for developing new molecular biomarkers. However, transcriptome analysis remains challenging with standard mRNA-seq methods as FFPE derived-RNA samples are often highly modified and fragmented. The recently developed 3′ mRNA-seq method sequences the 3′ region of mRNA using unique molecular identifiers (UMI), thus generating gene expression data with minimal PCR bias. In this study, we evaluated the performance of 3′ mRNA-Seq using Lexogen QuantSeq 3′ mRNA-Seq Library Prep Kit FWD with UMI, comparing with TruSeq Stranded mRNA-Seq and RNA Exome Capture kit. The fresh-frozen (FF) and FFPE tissues yielded nucleotide sizes range from 13 to > 70% of DV200 values; input amounts ranged from 1 ng to 100 ng for validation. Results The total mapped reads of QuantSeq 3′ mRNA-Seq to the reference genome ranged from 99 to 74% across all samples. After PCR bias correction, 3 to 56% of total sequenced reads were retained. QuantSeq 3′ mRNA-Seq data showed highly reproducible data across replicates in Universal Human Reference RNA (UHR, R > 0.94) at input amounts from 1 ng to 100 ng, and FF and FFPE paired samples (R = 0.92) at 10 ng. Severely degraded FFPE RNA with ≤30% of DV200 value showed good concordance (R > 0.87) with 100 ng input. A moderate correlation was observed when directly comparing QuantSeq 3′ mRNA-Seq data with TruSeq Stranded mRNA-Seq (R = 0.78) and RNA Exome Capture data (R > 0.67). Conclusion In this study, QuantSeq 3′ mRNA-Seq with PCR bias correction using UMI is shown to be a suitable method for gene quantification in both FF and FFPE RNAs. 3′ mRNA-Seq with UMI may be applied to severely degraded RNA from FFPE tissues generating high-quality sequencing data. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08068-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sung Jang
- Genome Analysis Core, Medical Genome Facility, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Stabile Research Building, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Eileen Holicky
- Genome Analysis Core, Medical Genome Facility, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Stabile Research Building, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Julie Lau
- Genome Analysis Core, Medical Genome Facility, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Stabile Research Building, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Samantha McDonough
- Genome Analysis Core, Medical Genome Facility, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Stabile Research Building, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mark Mutawe
- Genome Analysis Core, Medical Genome Facility, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Stabile Research Building, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew J Koster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth J Warrington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie M Cuninngham
- Genome Analysis Core, Medical Genome Facility, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Stabile Research Building, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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26
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A High-Throughput 3'-Tag RNA Sequencing for Large-Scale Time-Series Transcriptome Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2398:151-172. [PMID: 34674175 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1912-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has proven invaluable for exploring gene expression variation under complex environmental cues. However, the cost of standard RNA-seq (e.g., Illumina TruSeq or NEBNext) remains a barrier for high-throughput applications. 3'-Tag RNA-seq (3'-TagSeq) is a cost-effective solution that permits large-scale experiments. Unlike standard RNA-seq, which generates sequencing libraries for full-length mRNAs, 3'-TagSeq only generates a single fragment from the 3' end of each transcript (a tag read) and quantifies gene expression by tag abundance. Consequently, 3'-TagSeq requires lower sequencing depth (~5 million reads per sample) than standard RNA-seq (~30 million reads per sample), which reduces costs and allows increased technical and biological replication in experiments. Because 3'-TagSeq is considerably cheaper than standard RNA-seq while exhibiting comparable accuracy and reproducibility, researchers focusing on gene expression levels in large or extensive time-series experiments might find 3'-TagSeq to be superior to standard RNA-seq. In this chapter, we describe 3'-TagSeq sequencing library preparation and provide example bioinformatics and statistical analyses of gene expression data.
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27
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Mai L, Qiu Y, Lian Z, Chen C, Wang L, Yin Y, Wang S, Yang X, Li Y, Peng W, Luo C, Pan X. MustSeq, an alternative approach for multiplexible strand-specific 3' end sequencing of mRNA transcriptome confers high efficiency and practicality. RNA Biol 2021; 18:232-243. [PMID: 34586036 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1974208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-seq has been widely used to reveal the molecular mechanism of variants of life process. We have developed an alternative method, MustSeq, which generates multiple second strands along a single 1st strand cDNA by random-priming initiation, immediately after reverse transcription for each RNA extract using sample-barcoded poly-dT primers, then 3' ends-enriching PCR is applied to construct the library. Unlike the conventional RNA seq, MustSeq avoids procedures such as mRNA isolation, fragmentation and RNA 5'-end capture, enables early pooling of multiple samples, and requires only one twentieth of sequencing reads of full-length sequencing. We demonstrate the power and features of MustSeq comparing with TruSeq and NEBNext RNA-seq, two conventional full-length methods and QuantSeq, an industrial 3' end method. In cancer cell lines, the reads distribution of CDS-exon as well as genes, lncRNAs and GO terms detected by MustSeq are closer than QuantSeq to TruSeq. In mouse hepatocarcinoma and healthy livers, MustSeq enriches the same pathways as by NEBNext, and reveals the molecular profile of carcinogenesis. Overall MustSeq is a robust and accurate RNA-seq method allowing efficient library construction, sequencing and analysis, particularly valuable for analysis of differentially expressed genes with a large number of samples. MustSeq will greatly accelerate the application of bulk RNA-seq on different fields, and potentially applicable for single cell RNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Mai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinbin Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Caiming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yazi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wanwan Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chaochao Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Great Bar Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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28
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Drouin M, Hénault M, Hallin J, Landry CR. Testing the Genomic Shock Hypothesis Using Transposable Element Expression in Yeast Hybrids. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:729264. [PMID: 37744137 PMCID: PMC10512236 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.729264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Transposable element (TE) insertions are a source of structural variation and can cause genetic instability and gene expression changes. A host can limit the spread of TEs with various repression mechanisms. Many examples of plant and animal interspecific hybrids show disrupted TE repression leading to TE propagation. Recent studies in yeast did not find any increase in transposition rate in hybrids. However, this does not rule out the possibility that the transcriptional or translational activity of TEs increases following hybridization because of a disruption of the host TE control mechanisms. Thus, whether total expression of a TE family is higher in hybrids than in their parental species remains to be examined. We leveraged publically available RNA-seq and ribosomal profiling data on yeast artificial hybrids of the Saccharomyces genus and performed differential expression analysis of their LTR retrotransposons (Ty elements). Our analyses of total mRNA levels show that Ty elements are generally not differentially expressed in hybrids, even when the hybrids are exposed to a low temperature stress condition. Overall, only 2/26 Ty families show significantly higher expression in the S. cerevisiae × S. uvarum hybrids while there are 3/26 showing significantly lower expression in the S. cerevisiae x S. paradoxus hybrids. Our analysis of ribosome profiling data of S. cerevisiae × S. paradoxus hybrids shows similar translation efficiency of Ty in both parents and hybrids, except for Ty1_cer showing higher translation efficiency. Overall, our results do not support the hypothesis that hybridization could act as a systematic trigger of TE expression in yeast and suggest that the impact of hybridization on TE activity is strain and TE specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Drouin
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- PROTEO - Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l'Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Données Massives de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Hénault
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- PROTEO - Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l'Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Données Massives de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Johan Hallin
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- PROTEO - Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l'Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Données Massives de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christian R. Landry
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- PROTEO - Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l'Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Données Massives de l'Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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29
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Li D, Liu Q, Schnable PS. TWAS results are complementary to and less affected by linkage disequilibrium than GWAS. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1800-1811. [PMID: 33823025 PMCID: PMC8331151 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) is used to identify genetic markers associated with phenotypic variation. In contrast, a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) detects associations between gene expression levels and phenotypic variation. It has previously been shown that in the cross-pollinated species, maize (Zea mays), GWAS, and TWAS identify complementary sets of trait-associated genes, many of which exhibit characteristics of true positives. Here, we extend this conclusion to the self-pollinated species, Arabidopsis thaliana and soybean (Glycine max). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) can result in the identification, via GWAS, of false-positive associations. In all three analyzed plant species, most trait-associated genes identified via TWAS are well separated physically from other candidate genes. Hence, TWAS is less affected by LD than is GWAS, demonstrating that TWAS is particularly well suited for association studies in genomes with slow rates of LD decay, such as soybean. TWAS is reasonably robust to the plant organs/tissues used to determine expression levels. In summary, this study confirms that TWAS is a promising approach for accurate gene-level association mapping in plants that is complementary to GWAS, and established that TWAS can exhibit substantial advantages relative to GWAS in species with slow rates of LD decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Li
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Data Biotech (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100085, China
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Lab of Crop Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3650, USA
| | - Patrick S Schnable
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3650, USA
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30
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Oluwasanya DN, Gisel A, Stavolone L, Setter TL. Environmental responsiveness of flowering time in cassava genotypes and associated transcriptome changes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253555. [PMID: 34288936 PMCID: PMC8294508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava is an important food security crop in tropical regions of the world. Cassava improvement by breeding is limited by its delayed and poor production of flowers, such that cassava flowering under field conditions indirectly lengthens the breeding cycle. By studying genotype and environment interaction under two Nigerian field conditions (Ubiaja and Ibadan) and three controlled temperature conditions (22°C/18°C, 28/24°C and 34/30°C (day/night)), we found that while early flowering genotypes flowered at similar times and rates under all growing conditions (unfavorable and favorable field and controlled-temperature environments), late flowering genotypes were environmentally sensitive such that they were substantially delayed in unfavorable environments. On the basis of nodes-to-flower, flowering of late genotypes approached the flowering time of early flowering genotypes under relatively cool Ubiaja field conditions and in growth chambers at 22°C, whereas warmer temperatures elicited a delaying effect. Analysis of transcriptomes from leaves of field and controlled-temperature environments revealed that conditions which promote early flowering in cassava have low expression of the flowering repressor gene TEMPRANILLO 1 (TEM1), before and after flowering. Expression data of field plants showed that the balance between flower stimulatory and inhibitory signaling appeared to correlate with flowering time across the environments and genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah N. Oluwasanya
- Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Bioscience Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Andreas Gisel
- Bioscience Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Stavolone
- Bioscience Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Tim L. Setter
- Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Altman MC, Rinchai D, Baldwin N, Toufiq M, Whalen E, Garand M, Syed Ahamed Kabeer B, Alfaki M, Presnell SR, Khaenam P, Ayllón-Benítez A, Mougin F, Thébault P, Chiche L, Jourde-Chiche N, Phillips JT, Klintmalm G, O'Garra A, Berry M, Bloom C, Wilkinson RJ, Graham CM, Lipman M, Lertmemongkolchai G, Bedognetti D, Thiebaut R, Kheradmand F, Mejias A, Ramilo O, Palucka K, Pascual V, Banchereau J, Chaussabel D. Development of a fixed module repertoire for the analysis and interpretation of blood transcriptome data. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4385. [PMID: 34282143 PMCID: PMC8289976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As the capacity for generating large-scale molecular profiling data continues to grow, the ability to extract meaningful biological knowledge from it remains a limitation. Here, we describe the development of a new fixed repertoire of transcriptional modules, BloodGen3, that is designed to serve as a stable reusable framework for the analysis and interpretation of blood transcriptome data. The construction of this repertoire is based on co-clustering patterns observed across sixteen immunological and physiological states encompassing 985 blood transcriptome profiles. Interpretation is supported by customized resources, including module-level analysis workflows, fingerprint grid plot visualizations, interactive web applications and an extensive annotation framework comprising functional profiling reports and reference transcriptional profiles. Taken together, this well-characterized and well-supported transcriptional module repertoire can be employed for the interpretation and benchmarking of blood transcriptome profiles within and across patient cohorts. Blood transcriptome fingerprints for the 16 reference cohorts can be accessed interactively via: https://drinchai.shinyapps.io/BloodGen3Module/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Altman
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Nicole Baldwin
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Whalen
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott R Presnell
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Ayllón-Benítez
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fleur Mougin
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Laurent Chiche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hopital Européen, Marseille, France
| | | | - J Theodore Phillips
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Goran Klintmalm
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Chloe Bloom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, UK
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Christine M Graham
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Marc Lipman
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Rodolphe Thiebaut
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Baylor College of Medicine & Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Karolina Palucka
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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Vo TTM, Nguyen TV, Amoroso G, Ventura T, Elizur A. Deploying new generation sequencing for the study of flesh color depletion in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:545. [PMID: 34271869 PMCID: PMC8285899 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flesh pigmentation of farmed Atlantic salmon is formed by accumulation of carotenoids derived from commercial diets. In the salmon gastrointestinal system, the hindgut is considered critical in the processes of carotenoids uptake and metabolism. In Tasmania, flesh color depletion can noticeably affect farmed Atlantic salmon at different levels of severity following extremely hot summers. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to investigate the reduction in flesh pigmentation. Library preparation is a key step that significantly impacts the effectiveness of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) experiments. Besides the commonly used whole transcript RNA-Seq method, the 3' mRNA-Seq method is being applied widely, owing to its reduced cost, enabling more repeats to be sequenced at the expense of lower resolution. Therefore, the output of the Illumina TruSeq kit (whole transcript RNA-Seq) and the Lexogen QuantSeq kit (3' mRNA-Seq) was analyzed to identify genes in the Atlantic salmon hindgut that are differentially expressed (DEGs) between two flesh color phenotypes. RESULTS In both methods, DEGs between the two color phenotypes were associated with metal ion transport, oxidation-reduction processes, and immune responses. We also found DEGs related to lipid metabolism in the QuantSeq method. In the TruSeq method, a missense mutation was detected in DEGs in different flesh color traits. The number of DEGs found in the TruSeq libraries was much higher than the QuantSeq; however, the trend of DEGs in both library methods was similar and validated by qPCR. CONCLUSIONS Flesh coloration in Atlantic salmon is related to lipid metabolism in which apolipoproteins, serum albumin and fatty acid-binding protein genes are hypothesized to be linked to the absorption, transport and deposition of carotenoids. Our findings suggest that Grp could inhibit the feeding behavior of low color-banded fish, resulting in the dietary carotenoid shortage. Several SNPs in genes involving in carotenoid-binding cholesterol and oxidative stress were detected in both flesh color phenotypes. Regarding the choice of the library preparation method, the selection criteria depend on the research design and purpose. The 3' mRNA-Seq method is ideal for targeted identification of highly expressed genes, while the whole RNA-Seq method is recommended for identification of unknown genes, enabling the identification of splice variants and trait-associated SNPs, as we have found for duox2 and duoxa1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thi Minh Vo
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Sunshine Coast, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biotechnology, International University, Viet Nam National University, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Viet Nguyen
- Centre for AgriBiosciences, AgriBio, Agriculture Victoria, Victoria, 3083, Bundoora, Australia
| | | | - Tomer Ventura
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Sunshine Coast, Australia. .,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Abigail Elizur
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Sunshine Coast, Australia.
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Konikkat S, Scribner MR, Eutsey R, Hiller NL, Cooper VS, McManus J. Quantitative mapping of mRNA 3' ends in Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals a pervasive role for premature 3' end formation in response to azithromycin. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009634. [PMID: 34252072 PMCID: PMC8297930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces serious chronic infections in hospitalized patients and immunocompromised individuals, including patients with cystic fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms by which P. aeruginosa responds to antibiotics and other stresses to promote persistent infections may provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Azithromycin (AZM), an antibiotic frequently used in cystic fibrosis treatment, is thought to improve clinical outcomes through a number of mechanisms including impaired biofilm growth and quorum sensing (QS). The mechanisms underlying the transcriptional response to AZM remain unclear. Here, we interrogated the P. aeruginosa transcriptional response to AZM using a fast, cost-effective genome-wide approach to quantitate RNA 3’ ends (3pMap). We also identified hundreds of P. aeruginosa genes with high incidence of premature 3’ end formation indicative of riboregulation in their transcript leaders using 3pMap. AZM treatment of planktonic and biofilm cultures alters the expression of hundreds of genes, including those involved in QS, biofilm formation, and virulence. Strikingly, most genes downregulated by AZM in biofilms had increased levels of intragenic 3’ ends indicating premature transcription termination, transcriptional pausing, or accumulation of stable intermediates resulting from the action of nucleases. Reciprocally, AZM reduced premature intragenic 3’ end termini in many upregulated genes. Most notably, reduced termination accompanied robust induction of obgE, a GTPase involved in persister formation in P. aeruginosa. Our results support a model in which AZM-induced changes in 3’ end formation alter the expression of central regulators which in turn impairs the expression of QS, biofilm formation and stress response genes, while upregulating genes associated with persistence. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common source of hospital-acquired infections and causes prolonged illness in patients with cystic fibrosis. P. aeruginosa infections are often treated with the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin, which changes the expression of many genes involved in infection. By examining such expression changes at nucleotide resolution, we found azithromycin treatment alters the locations of mRNA 3’ ends suggesting most downregulated genes are subject to premature 3’ end formation. We further identified candidate RNA regulatory elements that P. aeruginosa may use to control gene expression. Our work provides new insights in P. aeruginosa gene regulation and its response to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salini Konikkat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michelle R. Scribner
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rory Eutsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - N. Luisa Hiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vaughn S. Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joel McManus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Ooi SE, Feshah I, Nuraziyan A, Sarpan N, Ata N, Lim CC, Choo CN, Wong WC, Wong FH, Wong CK, Ong-Abdullah M. Leaf transcriptomic signatures for somatic embryogenesis potential of Elaeis guineensis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1141-1154. [PMID: 33929599 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potentially embryogenic oil palms can be identified through leaf transcriptomic signatures. Differential expression of genes involved in flowering time, and stress and light responses may associate with somatic embryogenesis potential. Clonal propagation is an attractive approach for the mass propagation of high yielding oil palms. A major issue hampering the effectiveness of oil palm tissue culture is the low somatic embryogenesis rate. Previous studies have identified numerous genes involved in oil palm somatic embryogenesis, but their association with embryogenic potential has not been determined. In this study, differential expression analysis of leaf transcriptomes from embryogenic and non-embryogenic mother palms revealed that transcriptome profiles from non- and poor embryogenic mother palms were more similar than highly embryogenic palms. A total of 171 genes exhibiting differential expression in non- and low embryogenesis groups could also discriminate high from poor embryogenesis groups of another tissue culture agency. Genes related to flowering time or transition such as FTIP, FRIGIDA-LIKE, and NF-YA were up-regulated in embryogenic ortets, suggesting that reproduction timing of the plant may associate with somatic embryogenesis potential. Several light response or photosynthesis-related genes were down-regulated in embryogenic ortets, suggesting a link between photosynthesis activity and embryogenic potential. As expression profiles of the differentially expressed genes are very similar between non- and low embryogenic groups, machine learning approaches with several candidate genes may generate a more sensitive model to better discriminate non-embryogenic from embryogenic ortets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Eng Ooi
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ishak Feshah
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azimi Nuraziyan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norashikin Sarpan
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nabeel Ata
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin-Ching Lim
- United Plantations Bhd., Jenderata Estate, 36009, Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chin-Nee Choo
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd., 11 Jalan Teknologi 3/6, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Chee Wong
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd., 11 Jalan Teknologi 3/6, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Foo-Hin Wong
- United Plantations Bhd., Jenderata Estate, 36009, Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Choo-Kien Wong
- Advanced Agriecological Research Sdn. Bhd., 11 Jalan Teknologi 3/6, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Meilina Ong-Abdullah
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Fitzgerald E, Sinton MC, Wernig-Zorc S, Morton NM, Holmes MC, Boardman JP, Drake AJ. Altered hypothalamic DNA methylation and stress-induced hyperactivity following early life stress. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:31. [PMID: 34193254 PMCID: PMC8247254 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early life stress (ELS) during childhood or prenatally increases the risk of future psychiatric disorders. The effect of stress exposure during the neonatal period is less well understood. In preterm infants, exposure to invasive procedures is associated with altered brain development and future stress responses suggesting that the neonatal period could be a key time for the programming of mental health. Previous studies suggest that ELS affects the hypothalamic epigenome, making it a good candidate to mediate these effects. In this study, we used a mouse model of early life stress (modified maternal separation; MMS). We hypothesised MMS would affect the hypothalamic transcriptome and DNA methylome, and impact on adult behaviour. MMS involved repeated stimulation of pups for 1.5 h/day, whilst separated from their mother, from postnatal day (P) 4-6. 3'mRNA sequencing and DNA methylation immunoprecipitation (meDIP) sequencing were performed on hypothalamic tissue at P6. Behaviour was assessed with the elevated plus, open field mazes and in-cage monitoring at 3-4 months of age. MMS was only associated with subtle changes in gene expression, but there were widespread alterations in DNA methylation. Notably, differentially methylated regions were enriched for synapse-associated loci. MMS resulted in hyperactivity in the elevated plus and open field mazes, but in-cage monitoring revealed that this was not representative of habitual hyperactivity. ELS has marked effects on DNA methylation in the hypothalamus in early life and results in stress-specific hyperactivity in young adulthood. These results have implications for the understanding of ELS-mediated effects on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Fitzgerald
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- The Douglas Research Center, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montréal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Matthew C Sinton
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sara Wernig-Zorc
- Department of Biochemistry III, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Megan C Holmes
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - James P Boardman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Amanda J Drake
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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INTACT vs. FANS for Cell-Type-Specific Nuclei Sorting: A Comprehensive Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105335. [PMID: 34069481 PMCID: PMC8159132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of studies seek to characterize the different cellular sub-populations present in mammalian tissues. The techniques “Isolation of Nuclei Tagged in Specific Cell Types” (INTACT) or “Fluorescence-Activated Nuclei Sorting” (FANS) are frequently used for isolating nuclei of specific cellular subtypes. These nuclei are then used for molecular characterization of the cellular sub-populations. Despite the increasing popularity of both techniques, little is known about their isolation efficiency, advantages, and disadvantages or downstream molecular effects. In our study, we compared the physical and molecular attributes of sfGFP+ nuclei isolated by the two methods—INTACT and FANS—from the neocortices of Arc-CreERT2 × CAG-Sun1/sfGFP animals. We identified differences in efficiency of sfGFP+ nuclei isolation, nuclear size as well as transcriptional (RNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) states. Therefore, our study presents a comprehensive comparison between the two widely used nuclei sorting techniques, identifying the advantages and disadvantages for both INTACT and FANS. Our conclusions are summarized in a table to guide researchers in selecting the most suitable methodology for their individual experimental design.
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37
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Kandhari N, Kraupner-Taylor CA, Harrison PF, Powell DR, Beilharz TH. The Detection and Bioinformatic Analysis of Alternative 3 ' UTR Isoforms as Potential Cancer Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5322. [PMID: 34070203 PMCID: PMC8158509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative transcript cleavage and polyadenylation is linked to cancer cell transformation, proliferation and outcome. This has led researchers to develop methods to detect and bioinformatically analyse alternative polyadenylation as potential cancer biomarkers. If incorporated into standard prognostic measures such as gene expression and clinical parameters, these could advance cancer prognostic testing and possibly guide therapy. In this review, we focus on the existing methodologies, both experimental and computational, that have been applied to support the use of alternative polyadenylation as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Kandhari
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (N.K.); (C.A.K.-T.); (P.F.H.)
| | - Calvin A. Kraupner-Taylor
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (N.K.); (C.A.K.-T.); (P.F.H.)
| | - Paul F. Harrison
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (N.K.); (C.A.K.-T.); (P.F.H.)
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - David R. Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Traude H. Beilharz
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (N.K.); (C.A.K.-T.); (P.F.H.)
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38
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Unsworth SP, Heisel CJ, Tingle CF, Rajesh N, Kish PE, Kahana A. Retinoic Acid Potentiates Orbital Tissues for Inflammation Through NF-κB and MCP-1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:17. [PMID: 32663289 PMCID: PMC7425727 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The orbit displays unique vulnerability to inflammatory conditions. The most prevalent of these conditions, thyroid eye disease (TED), occurs in up to 50% of patients with Graves’ disease (GD). Whereas the pathology of both TED and GD is driven by autoantibodies, it is unclear why symptoms manifest specifically in the orbit. Methods We performed retinoic acid treatment on both normal and TED patient–derived orbital fibroblasts (OFs) followed by mRNA and protein isolation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RNA sequencing, and Western blot analyses. Results Both normal and TED patient–derived OFs display robust induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) upon retinoid treatment; TED OFs secrete significantly more MCP-1 than normal OFs. In addition, pretreatment of OFs with thiophenecarboxamide (TPCA-1) inhibits retinoid-induced MCP-1 induction, suggesting an NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)–dependent mechanism. We also found that treatment with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) mitigates MCP-1 induction, likely because of competition between retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and vitamin D receptors (VDR) for their common binding partner retinoid nuclear receptors (RXRs). Conclusions Retinoids that naturally accumulate in orbital adipose tissue can act on orbital fibroblasts to induce the expression of inflammation-associated genes. These data suggest a potential role for retinoids in sensitizing the orbit to inflammation.
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McKee C, Brown C, Bakshi S, Walker K, Govind CK, Chaudhry GR. Transcriptomic Analysis of Naïve Human Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured in Three-Dimensional PEG Scaffolds. Biomolecules 2020; 11:E21. [PMID: 33379237 PMCID: PMC7824559 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by improved viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity in comparison to traditionally derived primed human ESCs. However, currently used two-dimensional (2-D) cell culture techniques fail to mimic the three-dimensional (3-D) in vivo microenvironment, altering morphological and molecular characteristics of ESCs. Here, we describe the use of 3-D self-assembling scaffolds that support growth and maintenance of the naïve state characteristics of ESC line, Elf1. Scaffolds were formed via a Michael addition reaction upon the combination of two 8-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers functionalized with thiol (PEG-8-SH) and acrylate (PEG-8-Acr) end groups. 3-D scaffold environment maintained the naïve state and supported the long-term growth of ESCs. RNA-sequencing demonstrated significant changes in gene expression profiles between 2-D and 3-D grown cells. Gene ontology analysis revealed upregulation of biological processes involved in the regulation of transcription and translation, extracellular matrix organization, and chromatin remodeling in 3-D grown cells. 3-D culture conditions also induced upregulation of genes associated with Wnt and focal adhesion signaling, while p53 signaling pathway associated genes were downregulated. Our findings, for the first time, provide insight into the possible mechanisms of self-renewal of naïve ESCs stimulated by the transduction of mechanical signals from the 3-D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Christina Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Shreeya Bakshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Keegan Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Chhabi K. Govind
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - G. Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (C.M.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (K.W.); (C.K.G.)
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Jarvis S, Birsa N, Secrier M, Fratta P, Plagnol V. A Comparison of Low Read Depth QuantSeq 3' Sequencing to Total RNA-Seq in FUS Mutant Mice. Front Genet 2020; 11:562445. [PMID: 33329699 PMCID: PMC7717943 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.562445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomics is a developing field with new methods of analysis being produced which may hold advantages in price, accuracy, or information output. QuantSeq is a form of 3′ sequencing produced by Lexogen which aims to obtain similar gene-expression information to RNA-seq with significantly fewer reads, and therefore at a lower cost. QuantSeq is also able to provide information on differential polyadenylation. We applied both QuantSeq at low read depth and total RNA-seq to the same two sets of mouse spinal cord RNAs, each comprised by four controls and four mutants related to the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We found substantial differences in which genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed by the two methods. Some of this difference likely due to the difference in number of reads between our QuantSeq and RNA-seq data. Other sources of difference can be explained by the differences in the way the two methods handle genes with different primary transcript lengths and how likely each method is to find a gene to be differentially expressed at different levels of overall gene expression. This work highlights how different methods aiming to assess expression difference can lead to different results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Jarvis
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Genetics Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicol Birsa
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pietro Fratta
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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Ujifuku K, Fujimoto T, Sato K, Morofuji Y, Muto H, Masumoto H, Nakagawa S, Niwa M, Matsuo T. Exploration of Pericyte-Derived Factors Implicated in Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis Protection: A Pilot Messenger RNA Sequencing Using the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro Model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:997-1004. [PMID: 33136276 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic brain tumors have poor prognoses and pose unmet clinical problems for the patients. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) implication is supposed to play a major role in brain metastasis. However, the role of pericytes remains to be elucidated in the brain metastasis. This pilot study described the expression profile of interactions between pericytes, endothelial cells, and cancer cells. We applied an in vitro BBB model with rat primary cultured BBB-related cells (endothelial cells and pericytes), and performed the gene expression analyses of pericytes under the lung cancer cells coculture conditions. Pericytes demonstrated inhibition of the cancer cell proliferation significantly (p < 0.05). RNA was extracted from the pericytes, complementary DNA library was prepared, and RNA-seq was performed. The sequence read data were analyzed on the Management and Analysis System for Enormous Reads and Tag Count Comparison-Graphical User Interface platforms. No statistically or biologically significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the explanatory analyses. Lot-specific DEG detection demonstrated significant decreases in the expression of two genes (Wwtr1 and Acin1), and enrichment analyses using Metascape software revealed the inhibition of apoptotic processes in fibroblasts. Our results suggest that the expression profiles of brain pericytes are partially implicated in the prevention of lung cancer metastasis to the brain. Pericytes exerted an anti-metastatic effect in the BBB model, and their neurohumoral factors remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Ujifuku
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Takashi Fujimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichi Morofuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Muto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masami Niwa
- BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Company Ltd., Dai-ichi-senshu bldg. 2nd floor, 6-19 Chitose-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8135, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Puchta M, Boczkowska M, Groszyk J. Low RIN Value for RNA-Seq Library Construction from Long-Term Stored Seeds: A Case Study of Barley Seeds. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1190. [PMID: 33066221 PMCID: PMC7650657 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed aging is a complex biological process and its fundamentals and mechanisms have not yet been fully recognized. This is a key issue faced by research teams involved in the collection and storage of plant genetic resources in gene banks every day. Transcriptomic changes associated with seed aging in the dry state have barely been studied. The aim of the study was to develop an efficient protocol for construction of RNA-Seq libraries from long-term stored seeds with very low viability and low RNA integrity number (RIN). Here, barley seeds that have almost completely lost their viability as a result of long-term storage were used. As a control, fully viable seeds obtained in the course of field regeneration were used. The effectiveness of protocols dedicated to RNA samples with high and low RIN values was compared. The experiment concluded that library construction from low viable or long-term stored seeds with degraded RNA (RIN < 3) should be carried out with extraordinary attention due to the possibility of uneven degradation of different RNA fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Boczkowska
- National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland; (M.P.); (J.G.)
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Francisco DMF, Marchetti L, Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, Frías-Anaya E, Figueiredo RM, Winter P, Romero IA, de Vries HE, Engelhardt B, Bruggmann R. Advancing brain barriers RNA sequencing: guidelines from experimental design to publication. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:51. [PMID: 32811511 PMCID: PMC7433166 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in its varied forms has become an indispensable tool for analyzing differential gene expression and thus characterization of specific tissues. Aiming to understand the brain barriers genetic signature, RNA seq has also been introduced in brain barriers research. This has led to availability of both, bulk and single-cell RNA-Seq datasets over the last few years. If appropriately performed, the RNA-Seq studies provide powerful datasets that allow for significant deepening of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that establish the brain barriers. However, RNA-Seq studies comprise complex workflows that require to consider many options and variables before, during and after the proper sequencing process. MAIN BODY In the current manuscript, we build on the interdisciplinary experience of the European PhD Training Network BtRAIN ( https://www.btrain-2020.eu/ ) where bioinformaticians and brain barriers researchers collaborated to analyze and establish RNA-Seq datasets on vertebrate brain barriers. The obstacles BtRAIN has identified in this process have been integrated into the present manuscript. It provides guidelines along the entire workflow of brain barriers RNA-Seq studies starting from the overall experimental design to interpretation of results. Focusing on the vertebrate endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) and epithelial blood-cerebrospinal-fluid barrier (BCSFB) of the choroid plexus, we provide a step-by-step description of the workflow, highlighting the decisions to be made at each step of the workflow and explaining the strengths and weaknesses of individual choices made. Finally, we propose recommendations for accurate data interpretation and on the information to be included into a publication to ensure appropriate accessibility of the data and reproducibility of the observations by the scientific community. CONCLUSION Next generation transcriptomic profiling of the brain barriers provides a novel resource for understanding the development, function and pathology of these barrier cells, which is essential for understanding CNS homeostasis and disease. Continuous advancement and sophistication of RNA-Seq will require interdisciplinary approaches between brain barrier researchers and bioinformaticians as successfully performed in BtRAIN. The present guidelines are built on the BtRAIN interdisciplinary experience and aim to facilitate collaboration of brain barriers researchers with bioinformaticians to advance RNA-Seq study design in the brain barriers community.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M F Francisco
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Marchetti
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabela Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Frías-Anaya
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Ricardo M Figueiredo
- GenXPro GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Ignacio Andres Romero
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Helga E de Vries
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Martín-Alonso S, Frutos-Beltrán E, Menéndez-Arias L. Reverse Transcriptase: From Transcriptomics to Genome Editing. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:194-210. [PMID: 32653101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reverse transcriptases (RTs) are enzymes that can generate a complementary strand of DNA (cDNA) from RNA. Coupled with PCR, RTs have been widely used to detect RNAs and to clone expressed genes. Classical retroviral RTs have been improved by protein engineering. These enzymes and newly characterized RTs are key elements in the development of next-generation sequencing techniques that are now being applied to the study of transcriptomics. In addition, engineered RTs fused to a CRISPR/Cas9 nickase have recently shown great potential as tools to manipulate eukaryotic genomes. In this review, we discuss the properties and uses of wild type and engineered RTs in biotechnological applications, from conventional RT-PCR to recently introduced prime editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Martín-Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estrella Frutos-Beltrán
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Menéndez-Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), c/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain. @cbm.csic.es
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Sholder G, Lanz TA, Moccia R, Quan J, Aparicio-Prat E, Stanton R, Xi HS. 3'Pool-seq: an optimized cost-efficient and scalable method of whole-transcriptome gene expression profiling. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:64. [PMID: 31959126 PMCID: PMC6971924 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of Next Generation Sequencing has allowed transcriptomes to be profiled with unprecedented accuracy, but the high costs of full-length mRNA sequencing have posed a limit on the accessibility and scalability of the technology. To address this, we developed 3'Pool-seq: a simple, cost-effective, and scalable RNA-seq method that focuses sequencing to the 3'-end of mRNA. We drew from aspects of SMART-seq, Drop-seq, and TruSeq to implement an easy workflow, and optimized parameters such as input RNA concentrations, tagmentation conditions, and read depth specifically for bulk-RNA. RESULTS Thorough optimization resulted in a protocol that takes less than 12 h to perform, does not require custom sequencing primers or instrumentation, and cuts over 90% of the costs associated with TruSeq, while still achieving accurate gene expression quantification (Pearson's correlation coefficient with ERCC theoretical concentration r = 0.96) and differential gene detection (ROC analysis of 3'Pool-seq compared to TruSeq AUC = 0.921). The 3'Pool-seq dual indexing scheme was further adapted for a 96-well plate format, and ERCC spike-ins were used to correct for potential row or column pooling effects. Transcriptional profiling of troglitazone and pioglitazone treatments at multiple doses and time points in HepG2 cells was then used to show how 3'Pool-seq could distinguish the two molecules based on their molecular signatures. CONCLUSIONS 3'Pool-seq can accurately detect gene expression at a level that is on par with TruSeq, at one tenth of the total cost. Furthermore, its unprecedented TruSeq/Nextera hybrid indexing scheme and streamlined workflow can be applied in several different formats, including 96-well plates, which allows users to thoroughly evaluate biological systems under several conditions and timepoints. Care must be taken regarding experimental design and plate layout such that potential pooling effects can be accounted for and corrected. Lastly, further studies using multiple sets of ERCC spike-ins may be used to simulate differential gene expression in a system with known ground-state values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sholder
- Computational Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas A Lanz
- Computational Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Robert Moccia
- Computational Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jie Quan
- Computational Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Estel Aparicio-Prat
- Computational Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Robert Stanton
- Computational Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hualin S Xi
- Computational Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Yu M, Guan Z, Li S, Wen X, Shi H, Qu G, Lu X, Zhu X, Wang B, Feng Q, Gan W, Zhang A. Gene expression profiling analysis reveals that the long non‑coding RNA uc.412 is involved in mesangial cell proliferation. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5297-5303. [PMID: 31638227 PMCID: PMC6856558 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperproliferation of mesangial cells (MCs) is the central pathological feature observed in certain human renal diseases. Furthermore, the long non-coding RNA uc.412 is regulated by transforming growth factor β1 in mesangial cells in vitro. The present study aimed to investigate whether uc.412 serves a role in renal fibrosis and whether it may be considered as a therapeutic target in mesangial proliferative kidney diseases. The results demonstrated that uc.412 overexpression significantly increased MC proliferation. The transcriptional profile of MCs overexpressing uc.412 was assessed by RNA sequencing. A total of 462 up- and 843 downregulated genes were identified (|fold change| ≥1.5), and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, the potential function of these DEGs was determined by bioinformatics analyses. The results indicated that these DEGs were involved in numerous signaling pathways associated with MC proliferation. The downstream association between up- and downregulated genes was constructed via the STRING database. The protein-protein interaction network indicated that serpin family E member 1 and matrix metallopeptidase 3 may be hub proteins. In conclusion, the present study provided novel insight into the role of uc.412 in MC proliferation, which may aid in the development of novel treatment for mesangial proliferative kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Yu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Guan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Shanwen Li
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Xianli Wen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Gaoting Qu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Xianyi Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Qihua Feng
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Gan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
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Lim KS, Dong Q, Moll P, Vitkovska J, Wiktorin G, Bannister S, Daujotyte D, Tuggle CK, Lunney JK, Plastow GS, Dekkers JCM. The effects of a globin blocker on the resolution of 3'mRNA sequencing data in porcine blood. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:741. [PMID: 31615396 PMCID: PMC6794815 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression profiling in blood is a potential source of biomarkers to evaluate or predict phenotypic differences between pigs but is expensive and inefficient because of the high abundance of globin mRNA in porcine blood. These limitations can be overcome by the use of QuantSeq 3’mRNA sequencing (QuantSeq) combined with a method to deplete or block the processing of globin mRNA prior to or during library construction. Here, we validated the effectiveness of QuantSeq using a novel specific globin blocker (GB) that is included in the library preparation step of QuantSeq. Results In data set 1, four concentrations of the GB were applied to RNA samples from two pigs. The GB significantly reduced the proportion of globin reads compared to non-GB (NGB) samples (P = 0.005) and increased the number of detectable non-globin genes. The highest evaluated concentration (C1) of the GB resulted in the largest reduction of globin reads compared to the NGB (from 56.4 to 10.1%). The second highest concentration C2, which showed very similar globin depletion rates (12%) as C1 but a better correlation of the expression of non-globin genes between NGB and GB (r = 0.98), allowed the expression of an additional 1295 non-globin genes to be detected, although 40 genes that were detected in the NGB sample (at a low level) were not present in the GB library. Concentration C2 was applied in the rest of the study. In data set 2, the distribution of the percentage of globin reads for NGB (n = 184) and GB (n = 189) samples clearly showed the effects of the GB on reducing globin reads, in particular for HBB, similar to results from data set 1. Data set 3 (n = 84) revealed that the proportion of globin reads that remained in GB samples was significantly and positively correlated with the reticulocyte count in the original blood sample (P < 0.001). Conclusions The effect of the GB on reducing the proportion of globin reads in porcine blood QuantSeq was demonstrated in three data sets. In addition to increasing the efficiency of sequencing non-globin mRNA, the GB for QuantSeq has an advantage that it does not require an additional step prior to or during library creation. Therefore, the GB is a useful tool in the quantification of whole gene expression profiles in porcine blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Sang Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, Iowa, USA
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, Iowa, USA
| | - Pamela Moll
- Lexogen GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Vitkovska
- Lexogen GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Wiktorin
- Lexogen GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Dalia Daujotyte
- Lexogen GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, Iowa, USA.
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