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Chen W, Chen J, Bai D, Wang P, Shu R. Effects of clear aligners and traditional removable appliances on oral microbiome in mixed dentition: a comparative study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:1276. [PMID: 39448993 PMCID: PMC11515335 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-05063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective study aims to investigate the comparative effects of clear aligners (CA) and traditional removable appliances (RA) on the cariogenic risk of patients in mixed dentition, focusing on the oral microbiome. METHODS 25 children were included and assigned into CA and RA groups. Supragingival plaque and saliva samples were collected, and clinical parameters including Decay-missing-filled teeth index (DMFT), Plaque Index (PI) and Gorelick Index (GI) were recorded before treatment (T0) and after 6-month follow-up (T1). DNA was extracted from supragingival plaque and saliva and analyzed via 16S rDNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Clinical parameters showed no statistically significant difference between groups at each time point or within group over time (p > 0.05). In both RA and CA groups, saliva exhibited significantly higher alpha diversity compared to supragingival plaque at T1, as indicated by the significantly higher Chao1 and Shannon indexes (p < 0.05). Regarding beta diversity, significant difference was observed in saliva and supragingival plaque samples between T0 and T1 within group RA (p < 0.05, Adonis), whereas no such significance was noted in the CA group (p > 0.05, Adonis). At the genus level, Lactobacillus exhibited a statistically significant increase in saliva and supragingival plaque of group RA from T0 to T1 (p < 0.05), and an increasing trend in the group CA without statistical significance (p > 0.05). At T1, Lactobacillus levels were comparable between groups, whereas species-level analysis revealed distinct cariogenic species. CONCLUSION Both clear aligners and traditional removable appliances resulted in elevated cariogenic risk of patients in mixed dentition at the microbial level. Distinct alterations in cariogenic species were observed to be induced by various orthodontic appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section of Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section of Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section of Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section of Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Rui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section of Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Lueyar TK, Karygianni L, Attin T, Thurnheer T. Dynamic interactions between Candida albicans and different streptococcal species in a multispecies oral biofilm. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1381. [PMID: 37877656 PMCID: PMC10548025 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is colonized by a plethora of bacteria, fungi, and archaea, including streptococci of the mitis group (MSG) and the yeast Candida albicans. This study aims to investigate the role of streptococcal species in the development of oral biofilm and the cross-kingdom interactions between some of the members of the commensal MSG and the pathogen yeast C. albicans using a multispecies supragingival biofilm model. A total of nine different in vitro biofilms were grown, quantified with culture analyses, and visually examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A four-species biofilm without any streptococcal species was used as a basic biofilm. In each subsequent inoculum, one species of MSG was added and afterward combined with Streptococcus mutans. The eight-species biofilm contained all eight strains used in this study. Culture analyses showed that the presence of S. mutans in a four-species biofilm with Streptococcus oralis or S. oralis subsp. tigurinus did not differ significantly in C. albicans colony-forming unit (CFU) counts compared to biofilms without S. mutans. However, compared to other mitis species, Streptococcus gordonii combined with S. mutans resulted in the lowest CFUs of C. albicans. Visual observation by CLSM showed that biofilms containing both S. mutans and one species of MSG seemed to induce the formation of filamentous form of C. albicans. However, when several species of MSG were combined with S. mutans, C. albicans was again found in its yeast form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Kunchok Lueyar
- Division of Clinical Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive DentistryCenter of Dental Medicine, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Division of Clinical Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive DentistryCenter of Dental Medicine, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Division of Clinical Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive DentistryCenter of Dental Medicine, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Division of Clinical Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive DentistryCenter of Dental Medicine, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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3
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Taxonomic Analysis of Oral Microbiome during Orthodontic Treatment. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:8275181. [PMID: 34745264 PMCID: PMC8568516 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8275181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orthodontic appliances induce significant changes in the oral microbiome, but this shift in microbial composition has not been well established by the available evidence yet. Objectives To perform a systematic review of existing literature in order to assess the taxonomic microbial changes in orthodontic patients during Fixed Appliance Treatment (FAT) and Clear Aligner Treatment (CAT), using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Search Methods and Selection Criteria. The search for articles was carried out in PubMed, including articles published in English until May 2021. They included every human study report potentially relevant to the review. Data Collection and Analysis. After duplicate study selection and data extraction procedures according to the PICOS scheme, the methodological quality of the included papers was assessed by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies (SBU) method. Results The initial search identified 393 articles, 74 of which were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, six articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. The evidence quality for all the studies was moderate. Conclusions Orthodontic treatment seems to transiently affect the composition of subgingival microbiome, although not salivary, maintaining a stable microbial diversity. Different results were found in the shift of microbiome between plaque and saliva, depending on the type of orthodontic treatment. This review should be interpreted with some caution because of the number, quality, and heterogeneity of the included studies.
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4
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Huang C, Shi G. Smoking and microbiome in oral, airway, gut and some systemic diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:225. [PMID: 31307469 PMCID: PMC6632217 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome harbors a diverse array of microbes which establishes a mutually beneficial relation with the host in healthy conditions, however, the dynamic homeostasis is influenced by both host and environmental factors. Smoking contributes to modifications of the oral, lung and gut microbiome, leading to various diseases, such as periodontitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and cancers. However, the exact causal relationship between smoking and microbiome alteration remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Ercibengoa M, Goenaga MA, Ardanuy C, Grau I, García-de-la-Maria C, Almela M, Miro JM, Navas E, Fariñas MC, de Alegría CR, de la Torre J, Fernández F, Marín M, Muñoz P, Orden B, Oteo JA, García-Álvarez L, de Alarcón A, Jiménez JAL, Marimón JM. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Streptococcus tigurinus endocarditis. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:291. [PMID: 30922322 PMCID: PMC6440093 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus tigurinus was recently described as a new streptococcal species within the viridans group streptococci (VGS). The objectives of the present work were to analyse the clinical and microbiological characteristics of S. tigurinus isolated from patients with bacteraemias, to determine the prevalence of S. tigurinus among VGS endocarditis in Spain, and to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of endocarditis caused by S. tigurinus and other VGS. Methods Retrospective nationwide study, performed between 2008 and 2016 in 9 Spanish hospitals from 7 different provinces comprising 237 cases of infective endocarditis. Streptococcal isolates were identified by sequencing fragments of their 16S rRNA, sodA and groEL genes. Clinical data of patients with streptococcal endocarditis were prospectively collected according to a pre-established protocol. Results Patients with endocarditis represented 7/9 (77.8%) and 26/86 (30.2%) of the bacteraemias caused by S. tigurinus and other VGS, respectively (p < 0.001), in two of the hospital participants. Among patients with streptococcal endocarditis, 12 different Streptococcus species were recognized being S. oralis, S. tigurinus and S. mitis the three more common. No relevant statistical differences were observed in the clinical characteristics and outcomes of endocarditis caused by the different VGS species. Conclusions In this multicenter study performed in Spain, S. tigurinus showed a higher predilection for the endocardial endothelium as compared to other VGS. However, clinical characteristics and outcomes of endocarditis caused by S. tigurinus did not significantly differ from endocarditis caused by other oral streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Ardanuy
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Immaculada Grau
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Institut d' Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina García-de-la-Maria
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Almela
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose María Miro
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Navas
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Fariñas
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Ruiz de Alegría
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier de la Torre
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Unidad de Medicina Interna, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Servicio de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio, Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Servicio de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio, Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Orden
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Oteo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Lara García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Arístides de Alarcón
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine. Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University of Seville/CSIC/University Virgen del Rocío and Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lepe Jiménez
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine. Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University of Seville/CSIC/University Virgen del Rocío and Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose María Marimón
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES, Madrid, Spain. .,Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Donostia-IIS Biodonostia, Paseo Dr Beguiristain s/n, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain.
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6
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Guo R, Liu H, Li X, Yang Q, Jia L, Zheng Y, Li W. Subgingival Microbial Changes During the First 3 Months of Fixed Appliance Treatment in Female Adult Patients. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:213-221. [PMID: 30542916 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although periodontal diseases during fixed appliance treatment are a common issue, few studies have focused on the clinical and microbial factors associated with orthodontic appliances. Hence, we investigated changes in the subgingival microbial community and their association with periodontal changes at the early stage of fixed appliance treatment. Subgingival plaques from ten female patients with fixed appliances were obtained at three time points: before, 1 month and 3 months after the placement of the brackets (T0, T1 and T2). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the microbial community of the subgingival plaque. The Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) were also recorded. The GBI significantly increased at T2, and the PI showed a temporary increase without a significant difference. The alpha diversity indices were stable. However, the beta diversity was significantly higher at T2 compared to T0 and T1. The relative abundance of core microbiomes at the genus level was relatively stable. Four periodontal pathogens at the species level, including Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Campylobacer rectus (Cr), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), and Treponema denticola (Td), increased without significant differences. The subgingival microbial community affected by fixed appliance treatment might cause transient mild gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobei Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaolin Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Yoshizawa H, Motooka D, Matsumoto Y, Katada R, Nakamura S, Morii E, Iida T, Matsumoto H. A case of severe soft tissue infection due to Streptococcus tigurinus diagnosed by necropsy in which genomic analysis was useful for clarifying its pathogenicity. Pathol Int 2018; 68:301-306. [PMID: 29570912 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem detection of pathogenetic microorganisms in severe infectious death is significantly important for diagnosing the cause of death as well as for public health. However, it is difficult to recognize whether a microorganism detected from post-mortem materials is truly pathogenic or not. We report a case of severe soft tissue infection due to Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus (S. tigurinus), a recently reported species, in which whole-genome analysis was performed to clarify its pathogenicity. A 46-year-old woman had died with symptoms of a severe infectious disease. A post-mortem examination was performed by a medical examiner. The external findings suggested a soft tissue infection; subsequently, pathological specimens sampled by necropsy revealed findings compatible with necrotizing fasciitis. In the post-mortem bacterial test, S. tigurinus was detected from the localized autopsy sample. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to analyze its pathogenicity and detected a strain of S. tigurinus with genetic determinants that were specific and unique to its highly virulent strains as a result of gene annotation. Utilizing various technologies, such as whole-genome sequencing, may be a powerful tool for diagnosing the cause of infectious death accurately and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Yoshizawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,Project for Death Control and Prevention, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,Osaka Prefectural Medical Examiner's office, 1-6 Banbacho, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka 540-0007, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Katada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,Osaka Prefectural Medical Examiner's office, 1-6 Banbacho, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka 540-0007, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,Project for Death Control and Prevention, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan.,Osaka Prefectural Medical Examiner's office, 1-6 Banbacho, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka 540-0007, Japan
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8
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Rasmussen LH, Højholt K, Dargis R, Christensen JJ, Skovgaard O, Justesen US, Rosenvinge FS, Moser C, Lukjancenko O, Rasmussen S, Nielsen XC. In silico assessment of virulence factors in strains of Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mitis isolated from patients with Infective Endocarditis. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1316-1323. [PMID: 28874232 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mitis belong to the Mitis group, which are mostly commensals in the human oral cavity. Even though S. oralis and S. mitis are oral commensals, they can be opportunistic pathogens causing infective endocarditis. A recent taxonomic re-evaluation of the Mitis group has embedded the species Streptococcus tigurinus and Streptococcus dentisani into the species S. oralis as subspecies. In this study, the distribution of virulence factors that contribute to bacterial immune evasion, colonization and adhesion was assessed in clinical strains of S. oralis (subsp. oralis, subsp. tigurinus and subsp. dentisani) and S. mitis. Methodology. Forty clinical S. oralis (subsp. oralis, subsp. dentisani and subsp. tigurinus) and S. mitis genomes were annotated with the pipeline PanFunPro and aligned against the VFDB database for assessment of virulence factors.Results/Key findings. Three homologues of pavA, psaA and lmb, encoding adhesion proteins, were present in all strains. Seven homologues of nanA, nanB, ply, lytA, lytB, lytC and iga, of importance regarding survival in blood and modulation of the human immune system, were variously present in the genomes. Few S. oralis subspecies specific differences were observed. iga homologues were identified in S. oralis subsp. oralis, whereas lytA homologues were identified in S. oralis subsp. oralis and subsp. tigurinus. Conclusion. Differences in the presence of virulence factors among the three S. oralis subspecies were observed. The virulence gene profiles of the 40 S. mitis and S. oralis (subsp. oralis, subsp. dentisani and subsp. tigurinus) contribute with important new knowledge regarding these species and new subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise H Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 46, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark.,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katrine Højholt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 46, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark.,Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rimtas Dargis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 46, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jens Jørgen Christensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 46, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ole Skovgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ulrik S Justesen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 21, 2, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Flemming S Rosenvinge
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Vejle Hospital, Kabbeltoft 25, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Oksana Lukjancenko
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiaohui C Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 46, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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9
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Conrads G, Barth S, Möckel M, Lenz L, van der Linden M, Henne K. Streptococcus tigurinus is frequent among gtfR-negative Streptococcus oralis isolates and in the human oral cavity, but highly virulent strains are uncommon. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1307079. [PMID: 28473881 PMCID: PMC5405715 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1307079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus tigurinus is a new member of the Mitis group and is associated with infective endocarditis. Low and high virulent variants have been described. A search was made in the national reference collection of endocarditis isolates for S. tigurinus–like strains by sequencing housekeeping genes (16S rRNA-gene, gdh, groEL, sodA). The strains were further profiled by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a choice of virulence genes (rib-like, cshA-like, gtfR, int, pitA, hylA). To study the prevalence and abundance of S. tigurinus in the saliva and on the mucosal membranes of 35 healthy adults, PCRs detecting two variants of the 16S operon and virulence genes were applied. Among the endocarditis isolates, eight strains (all gtfR-negative and former S. oralis) holding the specific S. tigurinus 16S motif were found, but the pattern of genes related to high virulence found in the S. tigurinus type strain could not be detected in any of these strains. A close phylogenetic proximity between S. tigurinus and S. oralis was observed, with intersectional hybrid strains formed. This was supported by concatenated housekeeping sequences, in silico DNA–DNA hybridization, pathogenomic profiling, and multidimensional scaling. In the oral samples, S. tigurinus could be detected frequently, especially in the most common operon variant, but none of the type strain–related virulence factors were found. Low virulent S. tigurinus–like strains can be found frequently and in high prevalence (66%) and abundance (12.5%) in the oral cavity of healthy adults. In strain collections, they are among the formerly known gtfR-negative S. oralis. Highly virulent strains seem to be uncommon. Though closely related, S. oralis and S. tigurinus can be separated by the presence or absence of gtfR and dextran production. Hybrids of both species can be found. The variable arsenal of virulence genes found in this study emphasizes the genetic plasticity of Mitis group streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Barth
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maureen Möckel
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucas Lenz
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark van der Linden
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Streptococci, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karsten Henne
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Munson E, Carroll KC. What's in a Name? New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from 2012 through 2015. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:24-42. [PMID: 27795334 PMCID: PMC5228236 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01379-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advancements in fields such as molecular genetics and the human microbiome have resulted in an unprecedented recognition of new bacterial genus/species designations by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Knowledge of designations involving clinically significant bacterial species would benefit clinical microbiologists in the context of emerging pathogens, performance of accurate organism identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In anticipation of subsequent taxonomic changes being compiled by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology on a biannual basis, this compendium summarizes novel species and taxonomic revisions specific to bacteria derived from human clinical specimens from the calendar years 2012 through 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Munson
- College of Health Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Kim B, Huh HJ, Chung DR, Kim WS, Ki CS, Lee NY. The first case of concurrent infective endocarditis and spondylitis caused by Streptococcus tigurinus. Ann Lab Med 2016; 35:654-6. [PMID: 26354358 PMCID: PMC4579114 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2015.35.6.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Borahm Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook Sung Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Yong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Diene SM, François P, Zbinden A, Entenza JM, Resch G. Comparative Genomics Analysis of Streptococcus tigurinus Strains Identifies Genetic Elements Specifically and Uniquely Present in Highly Virulent Strains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160554. [PMID: 27505001 PMCID: PMC4978470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus tigurinus is responsible for severe invasive infections such as infective endocarditis, spondylodiscitis and meningitis. As described, S. tigurinus isolates AZ_3aT and AZ_14 were highly virulent (HV phenotype) in an experimental model of infective endocarditis and showed enhanced adherence and invasion of human endothelial cells when compared to low virulent S. tigurinus isolate AZ_8 (LV phenotype). Here, we sought whether genetic determinants could explain the higher virulence of AZ_3aT and AZ_14 isolates. Several genetic determinants specific to the HV strains were identified through extensive comparative genomics amongst which some were thought to be highly relevant for the observed HV phenotype. These included i) an iron uptake and metabolism operon, ii) an ascorbate assimilation operon, iii) a newly acquired PI-2-like pilus islets described for the first time in S. tigurinus, iv) a hyaluronate metabolism operon, v) an Entner-Doudoroff pathway of carbohydrates metabolism, and vi) an alternate pathways for indole biosynthesis. We believe that the identified genomic features could largely explain the phenotype of high infectivity of the two HV S. tigurinus strains. Indeed, these features include determinants that could be involved at different stages of the disease such as survival of S. tigurinus in blood (iron uptake and ascorbate metabolism operons), initial attachment of bacterial pathogen to the damaged cardiac tissue and/or vegetation that formed on site (PI-2-like pilus islets), tissue invasion (hyaluronate operon and Entner-Doudoroff pathway) and regulation of pathogenicity (indole biosynthesis pathway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seydina M. Diene
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice François
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Zbinden
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José Manuel Entenza
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Resch
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Peuchant O, Wirth G, Tixier R, Dijos M, Camou F, Greib C, Mégraud F, Ménard A. Infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus tigurinus-like organisms. New Microbes New Infect 2016; 13:51-3. [PMID: 27408744 PMCID: PMC4932624 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus species are important causes of infective endocarditis but species identification remains challenging. We report two cases of infective endocarditis due to Streptococcus tigurinus-like organisms, which were first identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis and subsequently confirmed using phylogeny based on the analysis of the shetA gene encoding exfoliative toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Peuchant
- Université de Bordeaux, USC EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, France; INRA, USC EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, France
| | - G Wirth
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, France
| | - R Tixier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Cardiologie, France
| | - M Dijos
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Cardiologie, France
| | - F Camou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Réanimation Médicale, France
| | - C Greib
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, France
| | - F Mégraud
- Université de Bordeaux, USC EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, France; INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Ménard
- Université de Bordeaux, USC EA 3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, France; INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux, France
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- a Section of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich ; Zürich , Switzerland
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15
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Clinical Significance and Characterization of Streptococcus tigurinus Isolates in an Adult Population. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:3574-9. [PMID: 26354809 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01551-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus tigurinus is a newly described member of the Streptococcus mitis group. Due to the difficulty in distinguishing viridans group streptococci (VGS) by phenotype, analysis of 16S rRNA sequences is necessary for the accurate identification of most species. Through a laboratory policy of analyzing all clinically significant isolates from the VGS group by16S rRNA gene sequencing, we identified 14 S. tigurinus isolates from 11 patients. The Vitek 2 system most commonly gave an excellent rating to an incorrect identification (e.g., Streptococcus mitis), as did matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (e.g., Streptococcus oralis). S. tigurinus strains were recovered from numerous body sites, including the blood, peritoneal fluid, bone, synovial fluid, a perianal abscess, and an arm wound. Retrospective chart review indicated that most isolates were clinically significant, with bacteremia (n = 5), soft tissue infections (n = 3) osteomyelitis (n = 2), infected joint prosthesis (n = 2), and peritonitis (n = 2) being the most common, thus expanding the spectrum of disease associated with S. tigurinus.
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16
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Michelena A, Bonavila C, Zubeltzu B, Goenaga MA. [Endocarditis due to Streptococcus tigurinus: presentation of a case and a review of the literature]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 33:575-6. [PMID: 25701056 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asier Michelena
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España.
| | - Claudia Bonavila
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - Beñat Zubeltzu
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - Miguel Angel Goenaga
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
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17
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Zbinden A, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. The novel species Streptococcus tigurinus and its association with oral infection. Virulence 2014; 6:177-82. [PMID: 25483862 PMCID: PMC4601397 DOI: 10.4161/21505594.2014.970472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus tigurinus is a novel species of viridans streptococci, shown to cause severe invasive infections such as infective endocarditis, spondylodiscitis and meningitis. S. tigurinus belongs to the Streptococcus mitis group and is most closely related to Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae and Streptococcus infantis. The presence of S. tigurinus in the human oral cavity has been documented, including in patients with periodontal disease. This review addresses the available scientific knowledge on S. tigurinus and its association with closely related streptococci, and discusses its putative involvement in common oral infections. While there is as yet no strong evidence on the involvement of S. tigurinus with oral infections, its presence in the oral cavity and its association with endocarditis warrants special attention for a link between oral and systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zbinden
- a Institute of Medical Virology; University of Zurich ; Zurich , Switzerland
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