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Akter KA, Sharma S, Sifat AE, Zhang Y, Patel DK, Cucullo L, Abbruscato TJ. Metformin ameliorates neuroinflammatory environment for neurons and astrocytes during in vitro and in vivo stroke and tobacco smoke chemical exposure: Role of Nrf2 activation. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103266. [PMID: 39094400 PMCID: PMC11345405 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the protective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain-protecting tissues, some types of CNS injury or stress can cause cerebral cytokine production and profound alterations in brain function. Neuroinflammation, which can also be accompanied by increased cerebral cytokine production, has a remarkable impact on the pathogenesis of many neurological illnesses, including loss of BBB integrity and ischemic stroke, yet effective treatment choices for these diseases are currently lacking. Although little is known about the brain effects of Metformin (MF), a commonly prescribed first-line antidiabetic drug, prior research suggested that it may be useful in preventing BBB deterioration and the increased risk of stroke caused by tobacco smoking (TS). Therefore, reducing neuroinflammation by escalating anti-inflammatory cytokine production and declining pro-inflammatory cytokine production could prove an effective therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Hence, the current investigation was planned to explore the potential role of MF against stroke and TS-induced neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our studies revealed that MF suppressed releasing pro-inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by aiming at the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in primary neurons and astrocytes. MF also upregulated anti-inflammatory mediators, like interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-4 (IL-4), by upregulating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Adolescent mice receiving MF along with TS exposure also showed a notable decrease in NF-κB expression compared to the mice not treated with MF and significantly decreased the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and MIP-2 and increased the levels of IL-10 and IL-4 through the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. These results suggest that MF has anti-neuroinflammatory effects via inhibiting NF-κB signaling by activating Nrf2-ARE. These studies support that MF could be a strong candidate drug for treating and or preventing TS-induced neuroinflammation and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khondker Ayesha Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States.
| | - Sejal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States.
| | - Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States.
| | - Dhaval Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States.
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States.
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States.
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Szumska M, Mroczek P, Tyrpień-Golder K, Pastuszka B, Janoszka B. Determination of Cotinine, 3'-Hydroxycotinine and Nicotine 1'-Oxide in Urine of Passive and Active Young Smokers by LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS Technique. Molecules 2024; 29:3643. [PMID: 39125048 PMCID: PMC11313786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is probably the most significant factor conducing to toxic xenobiotics exposure to humans. The aim of the study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of selected nicotine metabolites in urine of tobacco smokers and passive smokers. The method for removing protein and extracting the metabolites involved the centrifugation of urine with acetonitrile. Cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and (2'S)-nicotine 1'-oxide in the supernatant were determined using the LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS technique, with the selected ion monitoring (SIM) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) modes used. The recovery of these analytes added to the urine samples ranged from 72% to 101%. Repeatability and reproducibility were less than 3.1% and 10.1%, respectively. The study was carried out among medical students. The group was selected as representatives of young people and who as future physicians should be more aware of the effects of nicotine use. Concentration levels of cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine determined in ng/mL in the urine of cigarette smokers were 70- and 58-fold higher, respectively, compared to passive smokers. Higher concentrations were recorded in the urine of those passively exposed to tobacco smoke than in non-smokers, confirming that passive exposure to tobacco smoke is not harmless to the human body. However, no significant differences were observed in the concentration of (1'S,2'S)-nicotine 1'-oxide in the samples of individuals from various groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szumska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
- Research and Implementation Center Silesia LabMed, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Paweł Mroczek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
| | - Krystyna Tyrpień-Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
| | - Beata Pastuszka
- Research and Implementation Center Silesia LabMed, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Beata Janoszka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
- Research and Implementation Center Silesia LabMed, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
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Cecil T, Bautista J, Collinson MM, Rutan SC. Preparation and characterization of stationary phase gradients on C8 liquid chromatography columns. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:464974. [PMID: 38761702 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Continuous C8 stationary phase gradients are created on commercial Waters Symmetry Shield RP8 columns by strategically cleaving the C8 moieties in a time-dependent fashion. The method relies on the controlled infusion of a trifluoroacetic acid/water/acetonitrile solution through the column to cleave the organic functionality (e.g., C8) from the siloxane framework. The bond cleavage solution is reactive enough to cleave the functional groups, even with polar groups embedded within the stationary phase to protect the silica. Both the longitudinal and radial heterogeneity were evaluated by extruding the silica powder into polyethylene tubing and evaluating the percent carbon content in the different sections using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA analysis shows the presence of a stationary phase gradient in the longitudinal direction but not in the radial direction. Two different gradient profiles were formed with good reproducibility by modifying the infusion method: one exhibited an 'S'-shaped gradient while the other exhibited a steep exponential-like gradient. The gradients were characterized chromatographically using test mixtures, and the results showed varied retention characteristics and an enhanced ability to resolve nicotine analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cecil
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA
| | - Judith Bautista
- Dow Chemical, 230 Abner Jackson Pkwy, Lake Jackson, TX 77566, USA
| | - Maryanne M Collinson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA.
| | - Sarah C Rutan
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA
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Keller-Hamilton B, Sloan R, Mehta T, Hinton A, Tackett AP, Roberts ME, Brinkman MC, Wagener TL. An observational human laboratory assessment of nicotine delivery, vaping topography and subjective effects of usual brand electronic cigarette use among young adults. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 38800982 DOI: 10.1111/add.16531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To measure nicotine delivery, vaping topography and subjective effects of current generations of disposable, cartridge-based and other types of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among young adults. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Observational, human laboratory assessment of e-cigarette use in Columbus, Ohio, USA (July 2020 to June 2021). Participants (n = 96, 60.4% female, age mean = 21.7 [standard deviation = 1.7] years, 82.4% white race) were identified via their participation in a cohort study or other convenience sampling and were 18 to 25 years old, vaped ≥4 days/week for ≥4 weeks and used other tobacco products for ≤5 days of past 30 days. Participants completed a pre-vaping questionnaire, vaped their usual brand of e-cigarette ad libitum for 30 min and completed a post-vaping questionnaire. MEASUREMENTS Outcome variables included pre- and post-vaping measures of plasma nicotine (t = 0 and t = 30, respectively) and craving and withdrawal symptoms, as well as vaping topography (e.g. flow rate and inter-puff interval), pre-vaping expectancies and post-vaping product appeal. Variables used to characterize the sample included demographics, e-cigarette and other tobacco use history, e-cigarette dependence and e-cigarette device characteristics (e.g. device type, flavor and nicotine form). FINDINGS Participants reported moderate nicotine dependence on average via the E-Cigarette Dependence Scale (mean = 6.9 [standard deviation = 4.0]). Following 30 min of ad libitum vaping, participants achieved substantial plasma nicotine boost (mean = 18.8 [standard deviation = 14.5] ng/mL), corresponding with statistically significant decreases in withdrawal symptoms measured via the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (pre-vaping mean = 9.0 [standard deviation = 5.1], post-vaping mean = 4.3 [standard deviation = 3.9]; P-value <0.0001). Pre-vaping, participants reported moderate vaping expectancies (e.g. mean = 2.5 [standard deviation = 1.0] on a scale from 0 to 4 for smell and taste expectancies); post-vaping, participants reported high satisfaction (mean = 4.6 [standard deviation = 1.2] on a scale from 1 to 7) and moderate reward (mean = 2.9 [standard deviation = 1.2]) and respiratory sensations (mean = 3.7 [standard deviation = 1.6]). Nearly half of participants (47.9%) used disposable e-cigarettes, and most used a mint/menthol or fruit flavored (99.0%) and nicotine salt (98.9%) e-liquid. CONCLUSIONS Among young adults in the United States, the latest generations of e-cigarettes appear to deliver large quantities of nicotine (similar to cigarettes) and significantly relieve withdrawal symptoms, and they are appealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Keller-Hamilton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ruth Sloan
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Toral Mehta
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alice Hinton
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alayna P Tackett
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan E Roberts
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marielle C Brinkman
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Theodore L Wagener
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Cheng W, Song Q, Zhou A, Lin L, Zhao Y, Duan J, Zhou Z, Peng Y, Liu C, Zeng Y, Chen P. LRG1 promotes the apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells through KLK10 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-72. [PMID: 38707515 PMCID: PMC11069109 DOI: 10.18332/tid/186404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is one of the most important causes of COPD and could induce the apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). The conditional knockout of LRG1 from endothelial cells reduced emphysema in mice. However, the mechanism of the deletion of LRG1 from endothelial cells rescued by cigarette smoke (CS) induced emphysema remains unclear. This research aimed to demonstrate whether LRG1 promotes the apoptosis of PMVECs through KLK10 in COPD. METHODS Nineteen patients were divided into three groups: control non-COPD (n=7), smoker non-COPD (n=7), and COPD (n=5). The emphysema mouse model defined as the CS exposure group was induced by CS exposure plus cigarette smoke extract (CSE) intraperitoneal injection for 28 days. Primary PMVECs were isolated from the mouse by magnetic bead sorting method via CD31-Dynabeads. Apoptosis was detected by western blot and flow cytometry. RESULTS LRG1 was increased in lung tissue of COPD patients and CS exposure mice, and CSE-induced PMVECs apoptosis model. KLK10 was over-expressed in lung tissue of COPD patients and CS exposure mice, and CSE-induced PMVECs apoptosis model. LRG1 promoted apoptosis in PMVECs. LRG1 knockdown reversed CSE-induced apoptosis in PMVECs. The mRNA and protein expression of KLK10 were increased after over-expressed LRG1 in PMVECs isolated from mice. Similarly, both the mRNA and protein levels of KLK10 were decreased after LRG1 knockdown in PMVECs. The result of co-immunoprecipitation revealed a protein-protein interaction between LRG1 and KLK10 in PMVECs. KLK10 promoted apoptosis via the down-regulation of Bcl-2/Bax in PMVECs. KLK10 knockdown could reverse CSE-induced apoptosis in PMVECs. CONCLUSIONS LRG1 promotes apoptosis via up-regulation of KLK10 in PMVECs isolated from mice. KLK10 promotes apoptosis via the down-regulation of Bcl-2/Bax in PMVECs. There was a direct protein-protein interaction between LRG1 and KLK10 in PMVECs. Our novel findings provide insights into the understanding of LRG1/KLK10 function as a potential molecule in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aiyuan Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxi Duan
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqin Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Murdaugh LB, Miliano C, Chen I, Faunce CL, Natividad LA, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW. Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6646. [PMID: 38503831 PMCID: PMC10951409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotine use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and most of those who attempt to quit will relapse. While electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were presented as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and promoted as devices to help traditional tobacco smokers reduce or quit smoking, they have instead contributed to increasing nicotine use among youths. Despite this, ENDS also represent a useful tool to create novel preclinical animal models of nicotine exposure that more accurately represent human nicotine use. In this study, we validated a chronic, intermittent, ENDS-based passive vapor exposure model in mice, and then measured changes in multiple behaviors related to nicotine abstinence. First, we performed a behavioral dose curve to investigate the effects of different nicotine inter-vape intervals on various measures including body weight, locomotor activity, and pain hypersensitivity. Next, we performed a pharmacokinetic study to measure plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine following chronic exposure for each inter-vape interval. Finally, we utilized a behavior test battery at a single dosing regimen that produces blood levels equivalent to human smokers in order to characterize the effects of chronic nicotine, vehicle, or passive airflow and identified nicotine-induced impairments in cognitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Murdaugh
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Cristina Miliano
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Irene Chen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Christine L Faunce
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Luis A Natividad
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ann M Gregus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Matthew W Buczynski
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 970 Washington St SW, Life Sciences I, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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7
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Murdaugh LB, Miliano C, Chen I, Faunce CL, Natividad LA, Gregus AM, Buczynski MW. Effect of chronic vapor nicotine exposure on affective and cognitive behavior in male mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3892315. [PMID: 38352503 PMCID: PMC10862982 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3892315/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, and most of those who attempt to quit will relapse. While electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were presented as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and promoted as devices to help traditional tobacco smokers reduce or quit smoking, they have instead contributed to increasing nicotine use among youths. Despite this, ENDS also represent a useful tool to create novel preclinical animal models of nicotine exposure that more accurately represent human nicotine use. In this study, we validated a chronic, intermittent, ENDS-based passive vapor exposure model in mice, and then measured changes in multiple behaviors related to nicotine abstinence. First, we performed a behavioral dose curve to investigate the effects of different nicotine inter-vape intervals on various measures including body weight, locomotor activity, and pain hypersensitivity. Next, we performed a pharmacokinetic study to measure plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine following chronic exposure for each inter-vape interval. Finally, we utilized a behavior test battery at a single dosing regimen that produces blood levels equivalent to human smokers in order to characterize the effects of chronic nicotine, vehicle, or passive airflow and identified nicotine-induced impairments in cognitive behavior.
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Martínez M, Espinoza VE, Garcia V, Uribe KP, Negishi K, Estevao IL, Carcoba LM, O'Dell LE, Khan AM, Mendez IA. Withdrawal from repeated nicotine vapor exposure increases somatic signs of physical dependence, anxiety-like behavior, and brain reward thresholds in adult male rats. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109681. [PMID: 37611823 PMCID: PMC11253717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine vapor consumption via electronic nicotine delivery systems has increased over the last decade. While prior work has shed light on the health effects of nicotine vapor inhalation, its unique effects on the brain and behavior have not been thoroughly explored. In this study we assessed markers of withdrawal following 14 days of nicotine vapor exposure. For Experiment 1, 21 adult male rats were exposed to ambient air or 6, 12, or 24 mg/mL nicotine vapor for 14 consecutive days. Following exposure on day 14, rats were injected with the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine (3.0 mg/mL) and assessed for somatic withdrawal signs and anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. For Experiment 2, 12 adult male rats were tested for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) immediately following exposure to vehicle vapor (50%/50%, vegetable glycerin/propylene glycol) or 24 mg/mL nicotine vapor, for 14 consecutive days. ICSS behavior was assessed for an additional 14 days, following cessation of repeated vapor exposure. Results reveal that rats with repeated nicotine vapor exposure display an increase in behavioral indicators of withdrawal following injection of mecamylamine (precipitated withdrawal). Additionally, increases in ICSS stimulation thresholds, indicative of reduced brain reward sensitivity, persist following cessation of repeated nicotine vapor exposure (spontaneous withdrawal). These data suggest that repeated e-cigarette use leads to nicotine dependence and withdrawal that affects behavior and brain reward function. Further characterization of the health effects of nicotine vapor is necessary to improve treatment strategies for nicotine use disorder and public health policies related to novel nicotine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Martínez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Veronika E Espinoza
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Kevin P Uribe
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Kenichiro Negishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Igor L Estevao
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Luis M Carcoba
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Laura E O'Dell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA; Interdisciplinary Group for Neuroscience Investigation, Training and Education (IGNITE), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Arshad M Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA; Interdisciplinary Group for Neuroscience Investigation, Training and Education (IGNITE), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Ian A Mendez
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA; Interdisciplinary Group for Neuroscience Investigation, Training and Education (IGNITE), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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Archie SR, Sifat AE, Zhang Y, Villalba H, Sharma S, Nozohouri S, Abbruscato TJ. Maternal e-cigarette use can disrupt postnatal blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and deteriorates motor, learning and memory function: influence of sex and age. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:17. [PMID: 36899432 PMCID: PMC9999561 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also commonly known as electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are considered in most cases as a safer alternative to tobacco smoking and therefore have become extremely popular among all age groups and sex. It is estimated that up to 15% of pregnant women are now using e-cigs in the US which keeps increasing at an alarming rate. Harmful effects of tobacco smoking during pregnancy are well documented for both pregnancy and postnatal health, however limited preclinical and clinical studies exist to evaluate the long-term effects of prenatal e-cig exposure on postnatal health. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of maternal e-cig use on postnatal blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and behavioral outcomes of mice of varying age and sex. In this study, pregnant CD1 mice (E5) were exposed to e-Cig vapor (2.4% nicotine) until postnatal day (PD) 7. Weight of the offspring was measured at PD0, PD7, PD15, PD30, PD45, PD60 and PD90. The expression of structural elements of the BBB, tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-5, occludin), astrocytes (GFAP), pericytes (PDGFRβ) and the basement membrane (laminin α1, laminin α4), neuron specific marker (NeuN), water channel protein (AQP4) and glucose transporter (GLUT1) were analyzed in both male and female offspring using western blot and immunofluorescence. Estrous cycle was recorded by vaginal cytology method. Long-term motor and cognitive functions were evaluated using open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NORT) and morris water maze test (MWMT) at adolescence (PD 40-45) and adult (PD 90-95) age. In our study, significantly reduced expression of tight junction proteins and astrocyte marker were observed in male and female offspring until PD 90 (P < 0.05). Additionally, prenatally e-cig exposed adolescent and adult offspring showed impaired locomotor, learning, and memory function compared to control offspring (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that prenatal e-cig exposure induces long-term neurovascular changes of neonates by disrupting postnatal BBB integrity and worsening behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rahman Archie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Sejal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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Mancuso S, Bhalerao A, Cucullo L. Use of Conventional Cigarette Smoking and E-Cigarette Vaping for Experimental Stroke Studies in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2616:441-451. [PMID: 36715952 PMCID: PMC10115166 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2926-0_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major prodromal factor for the onset of many adverse health effects that may occur in the short run and is the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the United States. Moreover, it is well established that chronic smoking is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in a causative and dose-dependent manner primarily related to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nicotine, and the induction of oxidative stress (OS)-driven inflammation. Preclinical studies have also shown that nicotine (the principal e-liquid ingredient used in e-cigarettes) can also cause OS, exacerbating cerebral ischemia and secondary brain injury. Likewise, chronic e-Cig vaping could be prodromal to cerebrovascular impairment and promote cerebrovascular conditions favoring stroke onset and worsening post-ischemic brain injury. Therefore, using mouse models is crucial to understand how xenobiotics such as those released by conventional and/or e-cigs can impact the onset and severity of stroke as well as post-stroke recovery. To appropriately model human-like smoking/vaping behavior in mice, however, the exposure to these xenobiotics must be standardized and undertaken in a controlled environment. This chapter describes a well-validated protocol to reproduce standardized chronic tobacco smoke or e-cigarette vape exposure in mice in the setting of a mouse transient ischemic stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mancuso
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
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Sifat AE, Archie SR, Nozohouri S, Villalba H, Zhang Y, Sharma S, Ghanwatkar Y, Vaidya B, Mara D, Cucullo L, Abbruscato TJ. Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:74. [PMID: 36085043 PMCID: PMC9463848 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The short and long-term health effects of JUUL electronic cigarette (e-Cig) are largely unknown and warrant extensive research. We hypothesized that JUUL exposure could cause cerebrovascular toxicities impacting the progression and outcome of ischemic stroke comparable to tobacco smoke (TS) exposure. METHODS We exposed male C57 mice to TS/JUUL vapor for 14 days. LCMS/MS was used to measure brain and plasma nicotine and cotinine level. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) followed by reperfusion was used to mimic ischemic stroke. Plasma levels of IL-6 and thrombomodulin were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At the same time, western blotting was used to study blood-brain barrier (BBB) tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and key inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. RESULTS tMCAO upregulated IL-6 and decreased plasma thrombomodulin levels. Post-ischemic brain injury following tMCAO was significantly worsened by JUUL/TS pre-exposure. TJ proteins expression was also downregulated by JUUL/TS pre-exposure after tMCAO. Like TS, exposure to JUUL downregulated the expression of the antioxidant Nrf2. ICAM-1 was upregulated in mice subjected to tMCAO following pre-exposure to TS or JUUL, with a greater effect of TS than JUUL. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that JUUL exposure could negatively impact the cerebrovascular system, although to a lesser extent than TS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Sabrina Rahman Archie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Sejal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Yashwardhan Ghanwatkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - David Mara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, O' Dowd Hall, 586 Pioneer Dr, Room 415, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter St, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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Alasmari F, Alasmari AF, Elzayat E, Alotaibi MM, Alotaibi FM, Attwa MW, Alanazi FK, Abdelgadir EH, Ahmad SR, Alqahtani F, AL-Rejaie SS, Alshammari MA. Nicotine and cotinine quantification after a 4-week inhalation of electronic cigarette vapors in male and female mice using UPLC-MS/MS. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:678-686. [PMID: 35830983 PMCID: PMC9749686 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.7.20220142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To detect the cotinine and nicotine serum concentrations of female and male C57BL/6J mice after a 4-week exposure to electronic (e)-cigarette vapors using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). METHODS This experimental study was carried out at an animal facility and laboratories, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January and August 2020. A 4-week exposure to e-cigarettes was carried out using male and female mice and serum samples were obtained for cotinine and nicotine quantification using UPLC-MS/MS. The chromatographic procedures involved the use of a BEH HSS T3 C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile as a mobile phase and 0.1% formic acid (2:98 v/v). RESULTS The applied methodology has highly efficient properties of detection, estimation, and extraction, where the limit of quantification (LOQ) for nicotine was 0.57 ng/mL and limit of detection (LOD) for nicotine was 0.19 ng/mL, while the LOQ for cotinine was 1.11 ng/mL and LOD for cotinine was 0.38 ng/mL. The correlation coefficient was r2>0.99 for both compounds. The average recovery rate was 101.6±1.33 for nicotine and 100.4±0.54 for cotinine, while the precision and accuracy for cotinine and nicotine were less than 6.1. The serum cotinine level was higher in males (433.7±19.55) than females (362.3±16.27). CONCLUSION This study showed that the gender factor might play a crucial role in nicotine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alasmari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Fawaz Alasmari, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-5892
| | - Abdullah F. Alasmari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ehab Elzayat
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Majed M. Alotaibi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Farraj M. Alotaibi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fars K. Alanazi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elkhatim H. Abdelgadir
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Rizwan Ahmad
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salim S. AL-Rejaie
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Musaad A. Alshammari
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (F. Alasmari, F. M. Alotaibi, A. F. Alasmari, Alqahtani, AL-Rejaie, Alshammari); from the Department of Pharmaceutics (Elzayat, Alanazi); from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Attwa, Ahmad), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, and from the Department of Forensic Sciences (M. M. Alotaibi, Abdelgadir), College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Jin S, Pang W, Zhao L, Zhao Z, Mei S. Review of HPLC-MS methods for the analysis of nicotine and its active metabolite cotinine in various biological matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5351. [PMID: 35106788 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, tobacco smoking is a risk factor for a series of diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and cancers. Nicotine, the primary component of tobacco smoke, is mainly transformed to its active metabolite cotinine, which is often used as biomarker for tobacco exposure for its higher blood concentration and longer residence time than nicotine. Various analytical methods have been developed for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in biological matrices. This article reviewed the HPLC-MS based methods for nicotine and/or cotinine analysis in various biological matrices. The sample preparation, mass and chromatographic conditions and method validation results of these methods have been summarized and analyzed. Sample was mainly pretreated by protein precipitation and/or extraction. Separation was achieved using methanol and/or acetonitrile:water (with or without ammonium acetate) on C18 columns, and acetonitrile:water (with formic acid, ammonium acetate/formate) on HILIC columns. Nicotine-d3, nicotine-d4 and cotinine-d3 were commonly used internal standards. Other non-deuterated IS were also used such as ritonavir, N-ethylnorcotinine, and milrinone. For both nicotine and cotinine, the calibration range was 0.005-35000 ng/mL, the matrix effect was 75.96% - 126.8% and the recovery was 53% - 124.5%. The two analytes were stable at room temperature for 1-10 days, at -80 °C for up to 6 months, and after 3-6 freeze-thaw cycles. Comedications did not affect nicotine and cotinine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Jin
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Pang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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14
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Tao XY, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Feng XS. Nicotine in Complex Samples: Recent Updates on the Pretreatment and Analysis Method. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:1209-1238. [PMID: 34955065 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2016365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a significant evaluation index of tobacco and its related products' quality, but nicotine overdose can pose serious health hazards and cause addiction and dependence, thus it can be seen that it is necessary to find suitable and efficient detection methods to precisely detect nicotine in diverse samples and complex matrices. In this review, an updated summary of the latest trends in pretreatment and analytical techniques for nicotine is provided. We reviewed various sample pretreatment methods, such as solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, liquid phase microextraction, QuEChERS, etc., and diverse nicotine assay methods including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, electrochemical sensors, etc., focusing on the developments since 2015. Furthermore, the recent progress in the applications and applicability of these techniques as well as our prospects for future developments are discussed.HighlightsUpdated pretreatment and analysis methods of nicotine were systematically summarized.Microextraction and automation were main development trends of nicotine pretreatment.The introduction of novel materials added luster to nicotine pretreatment.The evolutions of ion source and mass analyzer were emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Tao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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15
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Ma ST, Zhang XY, Zhang N, Bi XL, Feng CT. Quantitative Determination of Quercitrin Levels in Rat Plasma Using UHPLC-MS/MS and its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study after the Oral Administration of Polygoni Cuspidati Folium Capsules. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:457-465. [PMID: 34011255 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210519114647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercitrin is widely found in herbal medicines, and it is particularly important in the design of new therapeutic agents. Because of its wide range of biological activities, methods for detecting quercitrin and its pharmacokinetics in biological samples must be investigated. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a sensitive and reliable ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of quercitrin levels in rat plasma and test its application in a pharmacokinetic investigation after the oral administration of Polygoni cuspidati folium capsules (HC). METHODS First, a rapid analytical method implementing UHPLC-MS/MS for the quantification of quercitrin levels in rat plasma was developed and validated. The analyte and internal standard (IS) tinidazole were extracted from rat plasma via protein precipitation with 800 μL of methanol and 50 μL of 1% formic acid solution. Chromatographic separation was performed using an Agilent ZORBAX C18 column within 4 min. Mass spectrometry was performed for quantification using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer employing electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode. The MRM transitions for quercitrin and IS were m/z 447.2→229.9 and m/z 246.0→125.8, respectively. The UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of quercitrin levels in rat plasma was then applied to investigate its pharmacokinetics after the oral administration of HC in rats. RESULTS The developed UHPLC-MS/MS method for detecting quercitrin in rat plasma was linear over the range of 0.1-160 ng/mL. The linear regression equation was Y = (0.7373 ± 0.0023)X - (0.0087 ± 0.0021) (r2 = 0.9978). The intra- and interday precision values were within 7.8%, and the recoveries of quercitrin and IS exceeding 67.3%. The UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of quercitrin in eight rats after the oral administration of HC. The experimentally obtained values were fit to a one-compartment, first-order pharmacokinetic model, and they appeared to fit the concentration-time curve. CONCLUSION Quercitrin was proven to be stable during sample storage, preparation, and analytical procedures. The pharmacokinetic parameters suggested that quercitrin may be present in the peripheral tissues of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Tang Ma
- Life and Health College, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | | | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Bi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng-Tao Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
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Mallock N, Rabenstein A, Laux P, Rüther T, Hutzler C, Parr MK, Luch A. Rapid, sensitive, and reliable quantitation of nicotine and its main metabolites cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine by LC-MS/MS: Method development and validation for human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122736. [PMID: 34246168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
New nicotine delivery products are gaining market share. For evaluation of their characteristics, toxicokinetic investigations are in current research focus. For reliable determination of blood plasma levels of nicotine and its main metabolites cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, a quantitation method based on LC-ESI-MS/MS was developed and validated. Addition of isotope labeled internal standards prior to rapid sample preparation using protein precipitation with methanol was chosen for sample preparation. Different stationary phases were tested and phenyl-hexyl separation was found to be superior to HILIC, C18, and C8 stationary phases. Ion suppression effects caused by hydrophilic early eluting matrix were eliminated by the adjustment of an adequate retention utilizing a phenyl-hexyl separation stationary phase. Exchange of acetonitrile as organic mobile phase by methanol and elevation of pH value of aqueous mobile phase containing 5 mM NH4Ac to 4.50 improved the chromatographic resolution. The limits of quantitation for nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine were 0.15, 0.30, and 0.40 ng/mL, respectively. Linearity was proven by matrix matched calibration for the whole working range from 0.50 ng/mL to 35.0 ng/mL for nicotine and from 6.00 to 420 ng/mL for cotinine and hydroxycotinine (Mandel's fitting test with R2 > 0.995). Quality control samples at four different levels (0.50, 1.50, 17.5, 28.0 ng/mL for nicotine and 6.00, 18.0, 210, 336 ng/mL for cotinine and hydroxycotinine) in plasma were analyzed six times on three days. Mean accuracies ranged from 87.7% to 105.8% for nicotine, from 90.3% to 102.9% for cotinine, and from 99.9% to 109.9% for hydroxycotinine. Intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD %) were below 15% for all analytes (<20% for LLOQ). As proof of concept, the method was successfully applied to a real plasma sample from a cigarette smoking volunteer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Mallock
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andrea Rabenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüther
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Hutzler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Aryal SP, Fu X, Sandin JN, Neupane KR, Lakes JE, Grady ME, Richards CI. Nicotine induces morphological and functional changes in astrocytes via nicotinic receptor activity. Glia 2021; 69:2037-2053. [PMID: 33851731 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a highly addictive compound present in tobacco, which causes the release of dopamine in different regions of the brain. Recent studies have shown that astrocytes express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and mediate calcium signaling. In this study, we examine the morphological and functional adaptations of astrocytes due to nicotine exposure. Utilizing a combination of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy, we show that nicotine-treated astrocytes exhibit time-dependent remodeling in the number and length of both proximal and fine processes. Blocking nAChR activity with an antagonist completely abolishes nicotine's influence on astrocyte morphology indicating that nicotine's action is mediated by these receptors. Functional studies show that 24-hr nicotine treatment induces higher levels of calcium activity in both the cell soma and the processes with a more substantial change observed in the processes. Nicotine does not induce reactive astrocytosis even at high concentrations (10 μM) as determined by cytokine release and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. We designed tissue clearing experiments to test whether morphological changes occur in vivo using astrocyte specific Aldh1l1-tdTomato knock in mice. We find that nicotine induces a change in the volume of astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex, CA1 of the hippocampus, and the substantia nigra. These results indicate that nicotine directly alters the functional and morphological properties of astrocytes potentially contributing to the underlying mechanism of nicotine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya P Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xu Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Joree N Sandin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Khaga R Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jourdan E Lakes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Martha E Grady
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Schwarzmeier LÂT, da Cruz BS, Ferreira CCP, Carvalho BFDC, Alves MGO, Lima Carta CF, Scholz JR, Almeida JD. E-cig might cause cell damage of oral mucosa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 131:435-443. [PMID: 33610539 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate cytogenetic and cytotoxic damage through the evaluation of micronuclei (MN) and metanuclear anomalies in the oral mucosa of electronic cigarette (e-cig) users. STUDY DESIGN The patients were recruited into 4 groups: e-cig users, smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers (control). The samples were collected by means of exfoliative cytology of the lateral region of the tongue and the floor of the mouth. The smears obtained were fixed and stained by the Feulgen method for investigation of MN and metanuclear anomalies. RESULTS A significant difference was observed for MN frequency only between the smoker and control groups. As for metanuclear anomalies, significant differences were observed: karyolysis between: smokers and control, e-cig and control, as well as former smokers; karyorrhexis: between smoker and control; binucleation: between e-cig and former smoker, as well as control; broken eggs: between e-cig and all other groups; nuclear bud: between e-cig and former smokers, as well as control. CONCLUSIONS E-cig and alcohol users presented genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the oral mucosa cells. The use of e-cigs and alcohol by former smokers can cause more damage to the cells of the oral mucosa compared to those who have not used e-cigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Ângelo Tavares Schwarzmeier
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Serralheiro da Cruz
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Panisello Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, São José dos Campos. São Paulo
| | - Celina Faig Lima Carta
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Ribeiro Scholz
- Outpatient Smoking Treatment Program of the Heart Institute (Incor), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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19
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Ratliff WA, Saykally JN, Keeley KL, Driscoll DC, Murray KE, Okuka M, Mervis RF, Delic V, Citron BA. Sidestream Smoke Affects Dendritic Complexity and Astrocytes After Model Mild Closed Head Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1453-1463. [PMID: 33417143 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injuries can have long-term consequences that interfere with the life of the patient and impose a burden on our health care system. Oxidative stress has been identified as a contributing factor for the progression of neurodegeneration following TBI. A major source of oxidative stress for many veterans is cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke, which has been shown to have an effect on TBI recovery. To examine the potential influences of second-hand smoke during recovery from TBI, we utilized a mouse model of closed head injury, followed by repeated exposure to cigarette smoke and treatment with a neuroprotective antioxidant. We found that neither the mild injuries nor the smoke exposure produced axonal damage detectable with amino cupric silver staining. However, complexity in the dendritic arbors was significantly reduced after mild TBI plus smoke exposure. In the hippocampus, there were astrocytic responses, including Cyp2e1 upregulation, after the injury and tobacco smoke insult. This study provides useful context for the importance of lifestyle changes, such as reducing or eliminating cigarette smoking, during recovery from TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney A Ratliff
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research and Development 151, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jessica N Saykally
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research and Development 151, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Kristen L Keeley
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research and Development 151, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - David C Driscoll
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research and Development 151, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA
| | - Kathleen E Murray
- VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research & Development, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Neuroscience, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Maja Okuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | | | - Vedad Delic
- VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research & Development, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Neuroscience, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Bruce A Citron
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research and Development 151, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- VA New Jersey Health Care System, Research & Development, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Neuroscience, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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20
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Min K, Guo P, Chen D, Huang S, Luo W, Ma M, Chen B, Yao S, Zuilhof H. Direct and quantitative in-situ analysis of third-hand smoke in and on various matrices by ambient desorption corona beam ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 219:121330. [PMID: 32887064 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Third-hand smoke (THS) is composed of surface-deposited remnants resulting from tabacco-smoking. Because THS components have properties of remaining on, re-emitting from and reacting on and with surfaces, in-situ analysis of the components on different surfaces is both in high demand and challenging. The aim of this study is to establish desorption corona beam ionization (DCBI)-MS/MS as an analytical tool for THS research. To this end, an in-situ DCBI-MS/MS approach was developed for the quantitative analysis of typical THS environmental markers, i.e. nicotine and cotinine on different surfaces such as fruits, cotton clothing, glass, and toys etc. The limits of detection of nicotine and cotinine were both 1.4 μg m-2. Low-temperature DCBI-MS/MS was applied to the direct detection of THS on fingers without any skin damage. Smoking-related biomarkers analyses in urine were accomplished, with a 10 s DCBI analysis time. The on-surface tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), such as 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-4-butanal) (NNA), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and N-nitroso nornicotine (NNN) were in-situ successfully detected in dust samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Min
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Dongying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Si Huang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6703 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6703 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6703 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Nguyen K, Kanamori K, Shin CS, Hamid A, Lutfy K. The Impact of Sex on Changes in Plasma Corticosterone and Cotinine Levels Induced by Nicotine in C57BL/6J Mice. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100705. [PMID: 33023022 PMCID: PMC7601418 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed if there were any sex-related differences in the ability of nicotine to increase plasma corticosterone secretion after single or repeated nicotine administration. For single-dose studies, male and female mice were habituated to the test room for 1 h and injected with saline or nicotine (0.25 or 1 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)). In repeated-dosing studies, mice were injected with saline or nicotine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) once daily for six days, and, on day 7, received nicotine (1 mg/kg, s.c.). Mice were then euthanized 15 min later, and trunk blood was collected for the measurement of corticosterone, nicotine, and cotinine. Our results showed that saline or nicotine each significantly increased plasma corticosterone levels in both males and females, with a greater response in female mice. Plasma corticosterone levels were increased in male but not female mice after being treated repeatedly compared to single nicotine administration. The level of cotinine, a biomarker of nicotine use, was significantly higher in female than in male mice. Taken together, these novel findings suggest that female mice respond to nicotine and the stress of handling more than male mice and provide for the first-time quantitative data on male–female differences in nicotine-induced elevations of corticosterone and cotinine plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East 2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.N.); (K.K.); (C.S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Keiko Kanamori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East 2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.N.); (K.K.); (C.S.S.); (A.H.)
- Lab Launch, 605 E. Huntington Drive, Suite # 103, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Chang Sung Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East 2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.N.); (K.K.); (C.S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Abdul Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East 2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.N.); (K.K.); (C.S.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East 2nd Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.N.); (K.K.); (C.S.S.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(909)-469-5481
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22
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Godage NH, Cudjoe E, Neupane R, Boddu SHS, Bolla PK, Renukuntla J, Gionfriddo E. Biocompatible SPME fibers for direct monitoring of nicotine and its metabolites at ultra trace concentration in rabbit plasma following the application of smoking cessation formulations. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Ponzoni L, Braida D, Carboni L, Moretti M, Viani P, Clementi F, Zoli M, Gotti C, Sala M. Persistent cognitive and affective alterations at late withdrawal stages after long-term intermittent exposure to tobacco smoke or electronic cigarette vapour: Behavioural changes and their neurochemical correlates. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104941. [PMID: 32450347 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Smoking cessation induces a withdrawal syndrome associated with anxiety, depression, and impaired neurocognitive functions, but much less is known about the withdrawal of e-cigarettes (e-CIG). We investigated in Balb/c mice the behavioural and neurochemical effects of withdrawal for up to 90 days after seven weeks' intermittent exposure to e-CIG vapour or cigarette smoke (CIG). The withdrawal of e-CIG and CIG induced early behavioural alterations such as spatial memory deficits (spatial object recognition task), increased anxiety (elevated plus maze test) and compulsive-like behaviour (marble burying test) that persisted for 60-90 days. Notably, attention-related (virtual object recognition task) and depression-like behaviours (tail suspension and sucrose preference tests) appeared only 15-30 days after withdrawal and persisted for as long as up to 90 days. At hippocampal level, the withdrawal-induced changes in the levels of AMPA receptor GluA1 and GluA2/3 subunits, PSD 95 protein, corticotropin-releasing factor (Crf) and Crf receptor 1 (CrfR1) mRNA were biphasic: AMPA receptor subunit and PSD95 protein levels initially remained unchanged and decreased after 60-90 days, whereas Crf/CrfR1 mRNA levels initially increased and then markedly decreased after 60 days. These late reductions correlated with the behavioural impairments, particularly the appearance of depression-like behaviours. Our findings show that major behavioural and neurochemical alterations persist or even first appear late after the withdrawal of chronic CIG smoke or e-CIG vapour exposure, and underline importance of conducting similar studies of humans, including e-CIG vapers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ponzoni
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Zardi-Gori, Milan, Italy; Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Braida
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Carboni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Moretti
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viani
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Clementi
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (CfNN), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mariaelvina Sala
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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24
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Sifat AE, Nozohouri S, Villalba H, Al Shoyaib A, Vaidya B, Karamyan VT, Abbruscato T. Prenatal electronic cigarette exposure decreases brain glucose utilization and worsens outcome in offspring hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. J Neurochem 2020; 153:63-79. [PMID: 31883376 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that prenatal nicotine and tobacco smoke exposure can cause different neurobehavioral disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to nicotine-containing electronic cigarette (e-Cig) vapor can predispose newborn to enhanced sensitivity to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and impaired motor and cognitive functions. In this study, pregnant CD1 mice were exposed to e-Cig vapor (2.4% nicotine). Primary cortical neurons isolated from e-Cig exposed fetus were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic HI brain injury. Cell viability and glucose utilization were analyzed in these neurons. HI brain injury was induced in 8-9-day-old pups. Short-term brain injury was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Long-term motor and cognitive functions were evaluated by open field, novel object recognition, Morris water maze, and foot fault tests. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were done to characterize glucose transporters in offspring brain. We found that e-Cig exposed neurons demonstrated decreased cell viability and glucose utilization in OGD/R. Prenatally e-Cig exposed pups also had increased brain injury and edema 24 hr after HI brain injury. Further, in utero e-Cig exposed offspring with HI brain injury displayed impaired memory, learning, and motor coordination at adolescence. Additionally, the expression of glucose transporters decreased in e-Cig exposed offspring brain after HI brain injury. These results indicate that reduced glucose utilization can contribute to prenatal e-Cig exposure induced worsened HI brain injury in offspring. This study is instrumental in elucidating the possible deleterious effects of e-Cig use in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | | | - Thomas Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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25
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El Mubarak MA, Danika C, Cachon C, Korovila C, Atsopardi K, Panagopoulos N, Margarity M, Poulas K, Sivolapenko GB. In vivo quantification and pharmacokinetic studies of cotinine in mice after smoke exposure by LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4752. [PMID: 31756277 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive analytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of cotinine in mouse plasma after exposure to smoke of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 commercially available cigarettes, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated over a linear concentration range of 0.075-20.0 ng/mL with the R2 value being higher than 0.99. Both the precision (coefficient of variation; %) and accuracy (relative error; %) were within acceptable criteria of <15%. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for cotinine was 0.075 ng/mL with sufficient specificity, accuracy, and precision. Following exposure to 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cigarette smoke, it was observed that the AUC and the Cmax increased linearly as the doses increased. The pharmacokinetics of cotinine was found linear for the range of 0.5-1.5 commercial cigarette smoke. The quantification of the concentration of cotinine in mouse plasma after smoke exposure will facilitate future behavioral and toxicological experiments in animals and may prove useful in predicting cotinine levels in humans during smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El Mubarak
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Charikleia Danika
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Charlyne Cachon
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Charalambia Korovila
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Korina Atsopardi
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Panagopoulos
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Marigoula Margarity
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Poulas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Gregory B Sivolapenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Anti-Diabetic Countermeasures Against Tobacco Smoke-Dependent Cerebrovascular Toxicity: Use and Effect of Rosiglitazone. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174225. [PMID: 31470514 PMCID: PMC6747143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking (TS) is one of the most addictive habit sand a main public health hazards, impacting the vascular endothelium through oxidative stress (OS) stimuli, exposure to nicotine, and smoking-induced inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Increasing evidence also suggested that TS increases glucose intolerance and the risk factor of developing type-2 diabetes mellitus (2DM), which, along with TS, is connected to blood–brain barrier (BBB) injuries, and heightens the risk of cerebrovascular disorders. Although the exact mechanism of rosiglitazone (RSG) is unknown, our previous in vitro work showed how RSG, an oral anti-diabetic drug belonging to the family of thiazolidinedione class, can protect BBB integrity through enhancement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) activity. Herein, we have validated the protective role of rosiglitazone against TS-induced BBB impairment in vivo. Our results revealed that RSG as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), activates counteractive mechanisms primarily associated with the upregulation of Nrf2 and PPARγ pathways which reduce TS-dependent toxicity at the cerebrovascular level. In line with these findings, our results show that RSG reduces inflammation and protects BBB integrity. In conclusion, RSG offers a novel and promising therapeutic application to reduce TS-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction through activation of the PPARγ-dependent and/or PPARγ-independent Nrf2 pathway.
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27
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Du J, Qin Y, Zhao Z, Shi Y, Mei S, Liu Y. Simultaneous determination of plasma nicotine and cotinine by UHPLC–MS/MS in C57BL/6 mice and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4634. [PMID: 31257625 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionSchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical University 4 Tiantanxili Beijing P. R. China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical University 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District Beijing P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionSchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical University 4 Tiantanxili Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ying Qin
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionSchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical University 4 Tiantanxili Beijing P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical University 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District Beijing P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesCapital Medical University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesCapital Medical University Beijing P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical University 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District Beijing P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesCapital Medical University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionSchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical University 4 Tiantanxili Beijing P. R. China
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28
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Kim HY, Lee YJ, Kim KB. Analytical method development of methylisothiazolinone, a preservative, in rat plasma using LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1100-1101:27-32. [PMID: 30292056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylisothiazolinone (MI) is a preservative used in consumer products to control bacterial and fungal growth. MI can be toxic, act as a skin sensitizer and irritant, and initiate lung diseases; therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of MI in the body. In this study, we developed a method to analyze plasma MI by using an LC-MS/MS-coupled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technique, which follows the fragments of a target metabolite in rat plasma. The MRM transition of MI was m/z 116 ➔ 101, and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was set at 10 ng/mL. Including the concentration of LLOQ, a seven-point calibration curve explained much of the variation in the response, and it was strongly linear (R2 = 0.9998); its intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision values were within 15% of the standard deviation (SD%) and along with the FDA and Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety guidelines. For intravenous (iv) pharmacokinetic studies of MI using rats, we developed an analytical method that was useful in detecting the profile of MI in the plasma. We also determined half-life, and area under the curve (AUC) of MI using a non-compartment model, and these might be useful for the study of toxic mechanisms of MI in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea; Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Nimmakayala RK, Seshacharyulu P, Lakshmanan I, Rachagani S, Chugh S, Karmakar S, Rauth S, Vengoji R, Atri P, Talmon GA, Lele SM, Smith LM, Thapa I, Bastola D, Ouellette MM, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Cigarette Smoke Induces Stem Cell Features of Pancreatic Cancer Cells via PAF1. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:892-908.e6. [PMID: 29864419 PMCID: PMC6120776 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Aggressive pancreatic tumors contain cancer cells with stem cell features. We investigated whether cigarette smoke induces stem cell features in pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or clean air (controls) for up to 20 weeks; pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. HPNE and Capan1 cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), nicotine and nicotine-derived carcinogens (NNN or NNK), or clean air (controls) for 80 days and evaluated for stem cell markers and features using flow cytometry-based autofluorescence, sphere formation, and immunoblot assays. Proteins were knocked down in cells with small interfering RNAs. We performed RNA sequencing analyses of CSE-exposed cells. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to confirm the binding of FOS-like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOSL1) to RNA polymerase II-associated factor (PAF1) promoter. We obtained pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and matched nontumor tissues (n = 15) and performed immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Chronic exposure of HPNE and Capan1 cells to CSE caused them to increase markers of stem cells, including autofluorescence and sphere formation, compared with control cells. These cells increased expression of ABCG2, SOX9, and PAF1, via cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) signaling to mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and FOSL1. CSE-exposed pancreatic cells with knockdown of PAF1 did not show stem cell features. Exposure of cells to NNN and NNK led to increased expression of CHRNA7, FOSL1, and PAF1 along with stem cell features. Pancreata from KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre mice exposed to cigarette smoke had increased levels of PAF1 mRNA and protein, compared with control mice, as well as increased expression of SOX9. Levels of PAF1 and FOSL1 were increased in PDAC tissues, especially those from smokers, compared with nontumor pancreatic tissue. CSE exposure increased expression of PHD-finger protein 5A, a pluripotent transcription factor and its interaction with PAF1. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to cigarette smoke activates stem cell features of pancreatic cells, via CHRNA7 signaling and FOSL1 activation of PAF1 expression. Levels of PAF1 are increased in pancreatic tumors of humans and mice with chronic cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Seema Chugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Saswati Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Subodh M. Lele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, NE
| | - Dhundy Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, NE
| | - Michel M. Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Correspondence: Moorthy P. Ponnusamy and Surinder K. Batra, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A., Phone: 402-559-1170, Fax: 402-559-6650, (M.P.P) and (S.K.B)
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Correspondence: Moorthy P. Ponnusamy and Surinder K. Batra, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A., Phone: 402-559-1170, Fax: 402-559-6650, (M.P.P) and (S.K.B)
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30
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Qasim H, Karim ZA, Silva-Espinoza JC, Khasawneh FT, Rivera JO, Ellis CC, Bauer SL, Almeida IC, Alshbool FZ. Short-Term E-Cigarette Exposure Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis and Enhances Platelet Function in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.118.009264. [PMID: 30021806 PMCID: PMC6201451 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the United States, with smoking being the primary preventable cause of premature death, and thrombosis being the main mechanism of cardiovascular mortality in smokers. Due to the perception that electronic/e‐cigarettes are “safer/less harmful” than conventional cigarettes, their usage—among a variety of ages—has increased tremendously during the past decade. Notably, there are limited studies regarding the negative effects of e‐cigarettes on the cardiovascular system, which is also the subject of significant debate. Methods and Results We employed a passive e‐VapeTM vapor inhalation system and developed an in vivo whole‐body e‐cigarette mouse exposure protocol that mimics real‐life human exposure scenarios/conditions and investigated the effects of e‐cigarettes and clean air on platelet function and thrombogenesis. Our results show that platelets from e‐cigarette–exposed mice are hyperactive, with enhanced aggregation, dense and α granule secretion, activation of the αIIbβ3 integrin, phosphatidylserine expression, and Akt and ERK activation, when compared with clean air–exposed platelets. E‐cigarette–exposed platelets were also found to be resistant to inhibition by prostacyclin, relative to clean air. Furthermore, the e‐cigarette–exposed mice exhibited a shortened thrombosis occlusion and bleeding times. Conclusions Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that e‐cigarettes alter physiological hemostasis and increase the risk of thrombogenic events. This is attributable, at least in part, to the hyperactive state of platelets. Thus, the negative health consequences of e‐cigarette exposure should not be underestimated and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Qasim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas El Paso, TX
| | - Zubair A Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas El Paso, TX
| | - Juan C Silva-Espinoza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas El Paso, TX
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas El Paso, TX
| | - José O Rivera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas El Paso, TX
| | - Cameron C Ellis
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas El Paso, TX
| | - Stephanie L Bauer
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas El Paso, TX
| | - Igor C Almeida
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas El Paso, TX
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas El Paso, TX
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31
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Kaisar MA, Sivandzade F, Bhalerao A, Cucullo L. Conventional and electronic cigarettes dysregulate the expression of iron transporters and detoxifying enzymes at the brain vascular endothelium: In vivo evidence of a gender-specific cellular response to chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Neurosci Lett 2018; 682:1-9. [PMID: 29879439 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that tobacco smoking is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in a causative and dose dependent manner primarily related to the tobacco smoke (TS) content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nicotine, and oxidative stress (OS) -driven inflammation. Preclinical studies have also shown that nicotine (the principal e-liquid's ingredient used in e-cigarettes (e-Cigs) can also cause OS, exacerbation of cerebral ischemia and secondary brain injury. Likewise, chronic e-Cig vaping could be prodromal to vascular endothelial dysfunctions. Herein, we provide direct evidence that similarly to TS, e-Cig promotes mitochondrial depolarization in primary brain vascular endothelial cells as well as the vascular endothelial cell line bEnd3. In addition, both TS and e-Cig exposure upregulated the transmembrane iron exporter Slc40a1 (crucial to maintain cellular iron and redox homeostasis) and that of porphyrin importer Abcb6 (linked to accelerated atherosclerosis). We then investigated in vivo whether gender plays a role in how chronic TS affect vascular endothelial functions. Our results clearly show chronic TS exposure differentially impacts the expression levels of Phase-II enzymes as well as the iron transporters previously investigated in vitro. Although the physiological implications of the gender-specific differential responses to TS are not fully clear, they do demonstrate that gender is a risk factor that needs to be investigated when assessing the potential impact of chronic smoking and perhaps e-Cig vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Kaisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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32
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Alasmari F, Crotty Alexander LE, Drummond CA, Sari Y. A computerized exposure system for animal models to optimize nicotine delivery into the brain through inhalation of electronic cigarette vapors or cigarette smoke. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:622-628. [PMID: 29989025 PMCID: PMC6035328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies investigated the effects of chronic exposure to nicotine on lungs, kidneys and brains using animal models. Most of these studies delivered nicotine into the circulatory and central nervous systems (CNS) through intraperitoneal injection or oral consumption methods. Few studies used inhalation machine system for nicotine delivery into brains in rodents to mimic human exposure to cigarettes. However, finding a more accurate and clinically relevant method of nicotine delivery is critical. A computerized inhalation machine has been designed (SciReq) and is currently employed in several institutions. The computerized machine delivers electronic (e)-cigarette vapor as well as tobacco smoke to rodents using marketed e-cigarette devices or tobacco cigarettes. This provides evidence about clinical effects of nicotine delivery by traditional methods (combustible cigarettes) and new methodologies (e-cigarettes) in physiological systems. Potential neurobiological mechanisms for the development of nicotine dependence have been determined recently in mice exposed to e-cigarette vapors in our laboratory using SciReq system. In this review article, the discussion focuses on the efficiency and practical applicability of using this computerized inhalation exposure system in inducing significant changes in brain protein expression and function as compared to other nicotine delivery methods. The SciReq inhalation system utilized in our laboratory and others is a method of nicotine delivery to the CNS, which has physiological relevance and mimics human inhalant exposures. Translation of the effects of inhaled nicotine on the CNS into clinical settings could provide important health considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, MC 111J, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California at San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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