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Katapally TR, Bhawra J. Inverting social innovation to transform health system responses to climate change adaptation and mitigation in the global south. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333163. [PMID: 38803808 PMCID: PMC11128584 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Systems thinking is aimed at understanding and solving complex problems that cut across sectors, an approach that requires accurate, timely, and multisectoral data. Citizen-driven big data can advance systems thinking, considering the widespread use of digital devices. Using digital platforms, data from these devices can transform health systems to predict and prevent global health crises and respond rapidly to emerging crises by providing citizens with real-time support. For example, citizens can obtain real-time support to help with public health risks via a digital app, which can predict evolving risks. These big data can be aggregated and visualized on digital dashboards, which can provide decision-makers with advanced data analytics to facilitate jurisdiction-level rapid responses to evolving climate change impacts (e.g., direct public health crisis communication). In the context of climate change, digital platforms can strengthen rapid responses by integrating information across systems (e.g., food, health, and social services) via citizen big data. More importantly, these big data can be used for rapid decision-making,a paradigm-changing approach that can invert social innovation, which we define as co-conceptualizing societal solutions with vulnerable communities to improve economic development with a focus on community wellbeing. However, to foster equitable and inclusive digital partnerships that invert social innovation, it is critical to avoid top-down approaches that sometimes result when researchers in the Global North and South collaborate. Equitable Global South-North partnerships can be built by combining digital citizen science and community-based participatory research to ethically leverage citizen-driven big data for rapid responses across international jurisdictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun R. Katapally
- DEPtH Lab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute (HCJMRI), Pune, India
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jasmin Bhawra
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute (HCJMRI), Pune, India
- CHANGE Research Lab, School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Loomans B, Mendes FM, Vinayahalingam S, Xi T, Opdam N, Kreulen CM, Pereira-Cenci T, Cenci MS. Challenges in conducting clinical research in primary care dentistry. J Dent 2024; 144:104958. [PMID: 38522408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of dentistry into primary health care is crucial for promoting patient well-being. However, clinical studies in dentistry face challenges, including issues with study design, transparency, and relevance to primary care. Clinical trials in dentistry often focus on specific issues with strict eligibility criteria, limiting the generalizability of findings. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) face challenges in reflecting real-world conditions and using clinically relevant outcomes. The need for more pragmatic approaches and the inclusion of clinically relevant outcomes (CROs) is discussed, such as tooth loss or implant success. Solutions proposed include well-controlled observational studies, optimized data collection tools, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) for predictive modelling, computer-aided diagnostics and automated diagnosis. In this position paper advocates for more efficient trials with a focus on patient-centred outcomes, as well as the adoption of pragmatic study designs reflecting real-world conditions. Collaborative research networks, increased funding, enhanced data retrieval, and open science practices are also recommended. Technology, including intraoral scanners and AI, is highlighted for improving efficiency in dental research. AI is seen as a key tool for participant recruitment, predictive modelling, and outcome evaluation. However, ethical considerations and ongoing validation are emphasized to ensure the reliability and trustworthiness of AI-driven solutions in dental research. In conclusion, the efficient conduct of clinical research in primary care dentistry requires a comprehensive approach, including changes in study design, data collection, and analytical methods. The integration of AI is seen as pivotal in achieving these objectives in a meaningful and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bac Loomans
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, EX 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - F M Mendes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, EX 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Vinayahalingam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, EX 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T Xi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, EX 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Njm Opdam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, EX 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C M Kreulen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, EX 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T Pereira-Cenci
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, EX 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M S Cenci
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, EX 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Piper BJ, Tian M, Saini P, Higazy A, Graham J, Carbe CJ, Bordonaro M. Immunotherapy and Cannabis: A Harmful Drug Interaction or Reefer Madness? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1245. [PMID: 38610922 PMCID: PMC11011043 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A retrospective (N = 140) and a prospective (N = 102) observational Israeli study by Bar-Sela and colleagues about cannabis potentially adversely impacting the response to immunotherapy have together been cited 202 times, including by clinical practice guidelines. There have also been concerns on PubPeer outlining irregularities and unverifiable information in their statistics and numerous errors in calculating percentages. This reanalysis attempted to verify the data analysis while including non-parametric statistics. The corrected prospective report contained 22 p-values, but only one (4.5%) could be verified despite the authors being transparent about the N and statistics employed. Cannabis users were significantly (p < 0.0025) younger than non-users, but this was not reported in the retrospective report. There were also errors in percentage calculations (e.g., 13/34 reported as 22.0% instead of 38.2%). Overall, these observational investigations, and especially the prospective, appear to contain gross inaccuracies which could impact the statistical decisions (i.e., significant findings reported as non-significant or vice-versa). Although it is mechanistically plausible that cannabis could have immunosuppressive effects which inhibit the response to immunotherapy, these two reports should be viewed cautiously. Larger prospective studies of this purported drug interaction that account for potential confounds (e.g., greater nicotine smoking among cannabis users) may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Piper
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA; (M.T.); (P.S.); (C.J.C.); (M.B.)
- Center for Pharmacy Innovation & Outcomes, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17821, USA
| | - Maria Tian
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA; (M.T.); (P.S.); (C.J.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Pragosh Saini
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA; (M.T.); (P.S.); (C.J.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Ahmad Higazy
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA; (M.T.); (P.S.); (C.J.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Jason Graham
- Department of Mathematics, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
| | - Christian J. Carbe
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA; (M.T.); (P.S.); (C.J.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA; (M.T.); (P.S.); (C.J.C.); (M.B.)
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Gamertsfelder E, Delgado Figueroa N, Keestra S, Silva AR, Borana R, Siebert M, Bruckner T. Towards transparency: adoption of WHO best practices in clinical trial registration and reporting among top medical research funders in the USA. BMJ Evid Based Med 2024; 29:79-86. [PMID: 37932014 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess to what extent the clinical trial policies of the largest public and philanthropic funders of clinical research in the United States meet WHO best practices in trial registration and reporting. METHODS Public and philanthropic funders of clinical trials in the USA with >US$50 million annual spend were selected. The funders were assessed using an 11-item scoring tool based on WHO Joint Statement benchmarks. These 11 items fell into 4 categories, namely: trial registration, academic publication, monitoring and sanctions. An additional item captured whether and how funders referred to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) within their trial policies. Each funder was independently assessed by two or three researchers. Funders were contacted to flag possible errors and omissions. Ambiguous or difficult-to-score items were settled by an independent adjudicator. RESULTS Fourteen funders were assessed. Our cross-sectional study found that, on average, funders have only implemented 4.1/11 (37%) of WHO best practices in clinical trial transparency. The most frequently adopted requirement was open access publishing (14/14 funders). The least frequently adopted were (1) requiring trial ID to appear in all publications (2/14 funders, 14%) and (2) making compliance reports public (2/14 funders, 14%). Public funders, on average, adopted more policy elements (5.2/11 items, 47%) than philanthropic funders (2.8/11 items, 25%). Only one funder's policy documents mentioned the CONSORT statement. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant variation between the number of best practice policy items adopted by medical research funders in the USA. Many funders fell significantly short of WHO Joint Statement benchmarks. Each funder could benefit from policy revision and strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Gamertsfelder
- Department of Health Policy, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
- Consilium Scientific, London, UK
| | | | - Sarai Keestra
- Department for Epidemiology & Data Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Rossi Silva
- Faculty of Law, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maximilian Siebert
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Till Bruckner
- Consilium Scientific, London, UK
- TranspariMED, Bristol, UK
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Zarghani M, Nemati-Anaraki L, Sedghi S, Chakoli AN, Rowhani-Farid A. Design and validation of a conceptual model regarding impact of open science on healthcare research processes. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:309. [PMID: 38454424 PMCID: PMC10921571 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development and use of digital tools in various stages of research highlight the importance of novel open science methods for an integrated and accessible research system. The objective of this study was to design and validate a conceptual model of open science on healthcare research processes. METHODS This research was conducted in three phases using a mixed-methods approach. The first phase employed a qualitative method, namely purposive sampling and semi-structured interview guides to collect data from healthcare researchers and managers. Influential factors of open science on research processes were extracted for refining the components and developing the proposed model; the second phase utilized a panel of experts and collective agreement through purposive sampling. The final phase involved purposive sampling and Delphi technique to validate the components of the proposed model according to researchers' perspectives. FINDINGS From the thematic analysis of 20 interview on the study topic, 385 codes, 38 sub-themes, and 14 main themes were extracted for the initial proposed model. These components were reviewed by expert panel members, resulting in 31 sub-themes, 13 main themes, and 4 approved themes. Ultimately, the agreed-upon model was assessed in four layers for validation by the expert panel, and all the components achieved a score of > 75% in two Delphi rounds. The validated model was presented based on the infrastructure and culture layers, as well as supervision, assessment, publication, and sharing. CONCLUSION To effectively implement these methods in the research process, it is essential to create cultural and infrastructural backgrounds and predefined requirements for preventing potential abuses and privacy concerns in the healthcare system. Applying these principles will lead to greater access to outputs, increasing the credibility of research results and the utilization of collective intelligence in solving healthcare system issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zarghani
- Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Health Management and Medical Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Nemati-Anaraki
- Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Health Management and Medical Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rashid Yasmin Street, Upper than Mirdamad St., Tehran, Iran.
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahram Sedghi
- Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Health Management and Medical Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rashid Yasmin Street, Upper than Mirdamad St., Tehran, Iran
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Anisa Rowhani-Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Liggett D, Frame B, Convey P, Hughes KA. How the COVID-19 pandemic signaled the demise of Antarctic exceptionalism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk4424. [PMID: 38427734 PMCID: PMC10906921 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
This paper explores how the COVID-19 pandemic affected science and tourism activities and their governance in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. The pandemic reduced the ability of Antarctic Treaty Parties to make decisions on policy issues and placed a considerable burden on researchers. Tourism was effectively suspended during the 2020-2021 Antarctic season and heavily reduced in 2021-2022 but rebounded to record levels in 2022-2023. The pandemic stimulated reflection on practices to facilitate dialog, especially through online events. Opportunities arose to integrate innovations developed during the pandemic more permanently into Antarctic practices, in relation to open science, reducing operational greenhouse gas footprints and barriers of access to Antarctic research and facilitating data sharing. However, as well as the long-term impacts arising directly from the pandemic, an assemblage of major geopolitical drivers are also in play and, combined, these signal a considerable weakening of Antarctic exceptionalism in the early Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bob Frame
- University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Gooden A. A pathway to strengthening open science: comments on the draft South African Ethics in Health Research Guidelines. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1304950. [PMID: 38572431 PMCID: PMC10989741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1304950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The recently released draft South African Ethics in Health Research Guidelines: Principles, Processes and Structures (Draft Guidelines) by the National Health Research Ethics Council recognize open data and provide guiding principles for this in the context of health research in South Africa. While its inclusion is a positive development, there is room for improvement. Although the Draft Guidelines leverage the Draft National Policy on Data and Cloud, it lacks incorporation of other relevant government policies, notably the Draft National Open Science Policy, and fails to sufficiently detail the principles of open science and open access. This limited scope and lack of comprehensive definition and detailed guidance present challenges for researchers in conducting ethical and responsible health research in South Africa. It constrains the Draft Guidelines from fully aligning with national imperatives and from fostering African-centric approaches. To address these issues, it is recommended that the Draft Guidelines integrate broader policies and principles, enhance clarity through comprehensive definitions, provide detailed guidance on open access, and promote African-centric approaches. Implementing these solutions will strengthen the Draft Guidelines, aligning them with national visions of open science, and thereby harnessing the full potential of South Africa's diverse scientific community in advancing health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gooden
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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8
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Zagrodzka ZB, Johnson TF, Beckerman AP. Accelerating the open research agenda to solve global challenges. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10887. [PMID: 38304275 PMCID: PMC10830346 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Harnessing science-based policy is key to addressing global challenges like the biodiversity and climate crises. Open research principles underpin effective science-based policy, but the uptake of these principles is likely constrained by the politicisation, commoditisation and conflicting motives of stakeholders in the research landscape. Here, using the mission and vision statements from 129 stakeholders from across the research landscape, we explore alignment in open research principles between stakeholders. We find poor alignment between stakeholders, largely focussed around journals, societies and funders, all of which have low open research language-use. We argue that this poor alignment stifles knowledge flow within the research landscape, ultimately limiting the mobilisation of impactful science-based policy. We offer recommendations on how the research landscape could embrace open research principles to accelerate societies' ability to solve global challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna B. Zagrodzka
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Thomas F. Johnson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Andrew P. Beckerman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Glasziou P, Sanders S, Byambasuren O, Thomas R, Hoffmann T, Greenwood H, van der Merwe M, Clark J. Clinical trials and their impact on policy during COVID-19: a review. Wellcome Open Res 2024; 9:20. [PMID: 38434720 PMCID: PMC10905118 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19305.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Of over 8,000 recorded randomised trials addressing COVID-19, around 80% were of treatments, and 17% have reported results. Approximately 1% were adaptive or platform trials, with 25 having results available, across 29 journal articles and 10 preprint articles. Methods We conducted an extensive literature review to address four questions about COVID-19 trials, particularly the role and impact of platform/adaptive trials and lessons learned. Results The key findings were: Q1. Social value in conducting trials and uptake into policy? COVID-19 drug treatments varied substantially and changed considerably, with drugs found effective in definitive clinical trials replacing unproven drugs. Dexamethasone has likely saved ½-2 million lives, and was cost effective across a range of countries and populations, whereas the cost effectiveness of remdesivir is uncertain. Published economic and health system impacts of COVID-19 treatments were infrequent. Q2. Issues with adaptive trial designs. Of the 77 platform trials registered, 6 major platform trials, with approximately 50 treatment arms, recruited ~135,000 participants with funding over $100 million. Q3. Models of good practice. Streamlined set-up processes such as flexible and fast-track funding, ethics, and governance approvals are vital. To facilitate recruitment, simple and streamlined research processes, and pre-existing research networks to coordinate trial planning, design, conduct and practice change are crucial to success. Q4. Potential conflicts to avoid? When treating patients through trials, balancing individual and collective rights and allocating scarce resources between healthcare and research are challenging. Tensions occur between commercial and non-commercial sectors, and academic and public health interests, such as publication and funding driven indicators and the public good. Conclusion There is a need to (i) reduce small, repetitive, single centre trials, (ii) increase coordination to ensure robust research conducted for treatments, and (iii) a wider adoption of adaptive/platform trial designs to respond to fast-evolving evidence landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Glasziou
- IEBH, Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sharon Sanders
- IEBH, Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Rae Thomas
- IEBH, Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tammy Hoffmann
- IEBH, Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah Greenwood
- IEBH, Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Justin Clark
- IEBH, Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
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Fleerackers A, Chtena N, Pinfield S, Alperin JP, Barata G, Oliveira M, Peters I. Making science public: a review of journalists' use of Open Access research. F1000Res 2024; 12:512. [PMID: 37920454 PMCID: PMC10618641 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.133710.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Science journalists are uniquely positioned to increase the societal impact of open research outputs by contextualizing and communicating findings in ways that highlight their relevance and implications for non-specialist audiences. Yet, it is unclear to what degree journalists use open research outputs, such as open access publications or preprints, in their reporting; what factors motivate or constrain this use; and how the recent surge in openly available research seen during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected this. This article examines these questions through a review of relevant literature published from 2018 onwards-particularly literature relating to the COVID-19 pandemic-as well as seminal articles outside the search dates. We find that research that explicitly examines journalists' engagement with open access publications or preprints is scarce, with existing literature mostly addressing the topic tangentially or as a secondary concern, rather than a primary focus. Still, the limited body of evidence points to several factors that may hamper journalists' use of these outputs and thus warrant further exploration. These include an overreliance on traditional criteria for evaluating scientific quality; concerns about the trustworthiness of open research outputs; and challenges using and verifying the findings. We also find that, while the COVID-19 pandemic encouraged journalists to explore open research outputs such as preprints, the extent to which these explorations will become established journalistic practices remains unclear. Furthermore, we note that current research is overwhelmingly authored and focused on the Global North, and the United States specifically. We conclude with recommendations for future research that attend to issues of equity and diversity, and more explicitly examine the intersections of open access and science journalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fleerackers
- Scholarly Communications Lab, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Interdisclipinary Studies, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natascha Chtena
- Scholarly Communications Lab, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Publishing, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Juan Pablo Alperin
- Scholarly Communications Lab, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Publishing, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Germana Barata
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Journalism, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monique Oliveira
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Journalism, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Peters
- ZBW – Leibniz Information Center for Economics, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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Candal-Pedreira C, Ross JS, Marušić A, Ruano-Ravina A. Research misconduct as a challenge for academic institutions and scientific journals. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 78:61-64. [PMID: 37666652 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-220554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Research misconduct refers to a set of unethical practices in research and publication and is the main reason for retraction of articles published in the academic literature. Research misconduct has negative consequences and has generated public scepticism about research, which has led to increasing distrust in science. In this context, a joint effort by the scientific community, academic institutions, scientific journals and research funders is needed to identify and prevent research misconduct. In this paper, we will evaluate what has already been done and what is needed to do to better address research misconduct. The focus of this paper will be on the actions taken by academic institutions, as the first line of defence, and scientific journals, as the gatekeepers of science. However, scientific journals and academic institutions are only a part of a much larger and multistakeholder effort needed to address the challenges scientific research is facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Candal-Pedreira
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela-IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joseph S Ross
- Section of General Internal Medicine and National Clinican Scholars Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ana Marušić
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine and Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Alberto Ruano-Ravina
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela-IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Smith EMR, Rakestraw C, Farroni JS. Research integrity during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives of health science researchers at an Academic Health Science Center. Account Res 2023; 30:471-492. [PMID: 35038939 PMCID: PMC9356114 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2029704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, a complex mix of political pressure, social urgency, public panic, and scientific curiosity has significantly impacted the context of research and development. The goal of this study is to understand if and how researchers are shifting their practices and adjusting norms and beliefs regarding research ethics and integrity. We have conducted 31 interviews with Health Science Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch which were then analyzed using integrated deductive and inductive coding. We categorized participant views into four main areas: 1) limitations to the research design, 2) publication, 3) duplication of studies, and 4) research pipeline. Although certain researchers were in keeping to the status quo, more were willing to modify norms to address social need and urgency. Notably, they were more likely to opt for systemic change rather than modifications within their own research practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M R Smith
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, Institute for Translational Sciences, Institute for Bioethics and Health Humanities, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Corisa Rakestraw
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, Institute for the Medical Humanities, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Farroni
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, Institute for Translational Sciences, Institute for Bioethics and Health Humanities, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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13
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Adaji AE. Reconciling the ideals of open science with data privacy in the context of health research in Nigeria: A legal analysis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3293485. [PMID: 37961613 PMCID: PMC10635297 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3293485/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The Nigerian Revised National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation 2022 formally proposed the adoption of open science principles among researchers and all other stakeholders in Nigeria. With regard to health research, open science would allow the dissemination and sharing of scientific data and other research outputs among health researchers, thereby accelerating the scientific process and the development of innovative solutions for health challenges. However, in this context, the existing privacy and data protection rules can profoundly affect the adoption and sustainability of open science in Nigeria. This is because researchers rely heavily on accessing and sharing personal information and the biological samples of human subjects. Therefore, this study identifies and examines possible legal issues and challenges arising from the existing privacy and data protection rules as researchers adopt an open science approach to health research in Nigeria. Methods This study adopts a qualitative approach, providing a legal analysis of existing national, regional and international instruments on privacy, data protection and health research in the context of open science in Nigeria. The study also draws on relevant research and non-research articles on open science, health research, privacy and data protection published in English. Searches for the articles were conducted on various sites through the Google search engine, using terms such as 'sharing of data', 'data privacy', 'principles of data protection', 'open science', etc. Results/Conclusion The study finds that the right to privacy and data protection could affect the promotion, adoption and sustainability of open science among health researchers in Nigeria, as well as their ability to engage in open collaborative research with their peers in Africa and other jurisdictions. To prevent infringements of the privacy and data protection rules by researchers and thereby ensure the adoption of open science approaches in health research, the study further identifies various legal options for researchers, including using personal data or material transfer arrangements, which, among other things, require recipients or users of human data or biological samples to commit not to re-identify human subjects.
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Winker MA, Bloom T, Onie S, Tumwine J. Equity, transparency, and accountability: open science for the 21st century. Lancet 2023; 402:1206-1209. [PMID: 37805196 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandersan Onie
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - James Tumwine
- Kabale University School of Medicine, Kabale, Uganda; African Health Sciences, Kabale, Uganda
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15
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Vogel JW, Corriveau-Lecavalier N, Franzmeier N, Pereira JB, Brown JA, Maass A, Botha H, Seeley WW, Bassett DS, Jones DT, Ewers M. Connectome-based modelling of neurodegenerative diseases: towards precision medicine and mechanistic insight. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:620-639. [PMID: 37620599 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the most common cause of dementia. Although their underlying molecular pathologies have been identified, there is substantial heterogeneity in the patterns of progressive brain alterations across and within these diseases. Recent advances in neuroimaging methods have revealed that pathological proteins accumulate along specific macroscale brain networks, implicating the network architecture of the brain in the system-level pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the extent to which 'network-based neurodegeneration' applies across the wide range of neurodegenerative disorders remains unclear. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art of neuroimaging-based connectomics for the mapping and prediction of neurodegenerative processes. We review findings supporting brain networks as passive conduits through which pathological proteins spread. As an alternative view, we also discuss complementary work suggesting that network alterations actively modulate the spreading of pathological proteins between connected brain regions. We conclude this Perspective by proposing an integrative framework in which connectome-based models can be advanced along three dimensions of innovation: incorporating parameters that modulate propagation behaviour on the basis of measurable biological features; building patient-tailored models that use individual-level information and allowing model parameters to interact dynamically over time. We discuss promises and pitfalls of these strategies for improving disease insights and moving towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Vogel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, SciLifeLab, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Nick Corriveau-Lecavalier
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Acadamy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal and Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Neuro Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesse A Brown
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hugo Botha
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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16
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Doerr M, Yu JH. Translational Research and Communities. Ethics Hum Res 2023; 45:34-38. [PMID: 37777978 DOI: 10.1002/eahr.500181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Impactful translational research requires new approaches to computational analysis and bioethics, both of which have been advanced by adoption of community-engagement strategies. Community knowledge and experience will hone data collection, research, and insights and accelerate the impact of derived translational applications to improve individual health, medical decision-making, and public health policy. In the context of translational research with big health data, meaningful community-researcher engagement will require developing and deploying coengagement tools across the research life cycle and developing approaches for novel coproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Doerr
- Director of Applied ELSI Research at Sage Bionetworks
| | - Joon-Ho Yu
- Research assistant professor of pediatrics and an associate director of the Institute for Public Health Genetics at the University of Washington
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17
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Frank F, Florens N, Meyerowitz-Katz G, Barriere J, Billy É, Saada V, Samuel A, Robert J, Besançon L. Raising concerns on questionable ethics approvals - a case study of 456 trials from the Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection. Res Integr Peer Rev 2023; 8:9. [PMID: 37533089 PMCID: PMC10398994 DOI: 10.1186/s41073-023-00134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The practice of clinical research is strictly regulated by law. During submission and review processes, compliance of such research with the laws enforced in the country where it was conducted is not always correctly filled in by the authors or verified by the editors. Here, we report a case of a single institution for which one may find hundreds of publications with seemingly relevant ethical concerns, along with 10 months of follow-up through contacts with the editors of these articles. We thus argue for a stricter control of ethical authorization by scientific editors and we call on publishers to cooperate to this end. METHODS We present an investigation of the ethics and legal aspects of 456 studies published by the IHU-MI (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection) in Marseille, France. RESULTS We identified a wide range of issues with the stated research authorization and ethics of the published studies with respect to the Institutional Review Board and the approval presented. Among the studies investigated, 248 were conducted with the same ethics approval number, even though the subjects, samples, and countries of investigation were different. Thirty-nine (39) did not even contain a reference to the ethics approval number while they present research on human beings. We thus contacted the journals that published these articles and provide their responses to our concerns. It should be noted that, since our investigation and reporting to journals, PLOS has issued expressions of concerns for several publications we analyze here. CONCLUSION This case presents an investigation of the veracity of ethical approval, and more than 10 months of follow-up by independent researchers. We call for stricter control and cooperation in handling of these cases, including editorial requirement to upload ethical approval documents, guidelines from COPE to address such ethical concerns, and transparent editorial policies and timelines to answer such concerns. All supplementary materials are available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nans Florens
- Department of Nephrology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jérôme Barriere
- Medical Oncology Department, Polyclinique Saint-Jean, Cagnes-sur-Mer, France
| | - Éric Billy
- Independent researcher, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Saada
- Biopathology department, Gustave Roussy Anti-Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jacques Robert
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM Unité 1312, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lonni Besançon
- Media and Information Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
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18
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Sánchez-Cantalejo Garrido C, Yucumá Conde D, Rueda MDM, Olry-de-Labry-Lima A, Martín-Ruiz E, Higueras-Callejón C, Cabrera-León A. Scoping review of the methodology of large health surveys conducted in Spain early on in the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1217519. [PMID: 37601190 PMCID: PMC10438850 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1217519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of health surveys has been key in the scientific community to promptly communicate results about the health impact of COVID-19. But what information was collected, where, when and how, and who was the study population? Objective To describe the methodological characteristics used in large health surveys conducted in Spain early on in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Scoping review. Inclusion criteria: observational studies published between January 2020 and December 2021, with sample sizes of over 2,000 persons resident in Spain. Databases consulted: PubMed, CINAHL, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en CC de la Salud, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, Sociological Abstracts, Dialnet and Web of Science Core Collection. We analyzed the characteristics of the literature references, methodologies and information gathered in the surveys selected. Fifty five studies were included. Results Sixty percentage of the studies included had mental health as their main topic and 75% were conducted on the general adult population. Thirteen percentage had a longitudinal design, 93% used the internet to gather information and the same percentage used non-probability sampling. Thirty percentage made some type of sampling correction to reduce coverage or non-response biases, but not selection biases. Sixty seven percentage did not state the availability of their data. Conclusions Consistent with the extensive use of non-probability sampling without any bias correction in the extraordinary setting created by COVID-19, quality population frameworks are required so that probability and representative samples can be extracted quickly to promptly address other health crises, as well as to reduce potential coverage, non-response and particularly selection biases by utilizing reweighting techniques. The low data accessibility despite the huge opportunity that COVID-19 provided for Open Science-based research is striking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sánchez-Cantalejo Garrido
- Department of Public Health, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María del Mar Rueda
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, and Institute of Mathematics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Olry-de-Labry-Lima
- Department of Public Health, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Granada Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Martín-Ruiz
- Department of Public Health, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Cabrera-León
- Department of Public Health, Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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19
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Sofi-Mahmudi A, Raittio E, Uribe SE. Transparency of COVID-19-related research: A meta-research study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288406. [PMID: 37494359 PMCID: PMC10370694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the adherence to five transparency practices (data availability, code availability, protocol registration and conflicts of interest (COI), and funding disclosures) from open access Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related articles. METHODS We searched and exported all open access COVID-19-related articles from PubMed-indexed journals in the Europe PubMed Central database published from January 2020 to June 9, 2022. With a validated and automated tool, we detected transparent practices of three paper types: research articles, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and reviews. Basic journal- and article-related information were retrieved from the database. We used R for the descriptive analyses. RESULTS The total number of articles was 258,678, of which we were able to retrieve full texts of 186,157 (72%) articles from the database Over half of the papers (55.7%, n = 103,732) were research articles, 10.9% (n = 20,229) were review articles, and less than one percent (n = 1,202) were RCTs. Approximately nine-tenths of articles (in all three paper types) had a statement to disclose COI. Funding disclosure (83.9%, confidence interval (CI): 81.7-85.8 95%) and protocol registration (53.5%, 95% CI: 50.7-56.3) were more frequent in RCTs than in reviews or research articles. Reviews shared data (2.5%, 95% CI: 2.3-2.8) and code (0.4%, 95% CI: 0.4-0.5) less frequently than RCTs or research articles. Articles published in 2022 had the highest adherence to all five transparency practices. Most of the reviews (62%) and research articles (58%) adhered to two transparency practices, whereas almost half of the RCTs (47%) adhered to three practices. There were journal- and publisher-related differences in all five practices, and articles that did not adhere to transparency practices were more likely published in lowest impact journals and were less likely cited. CONCLUSION While most articles were freely available and had a COI disclosure, adherence to other transparent practices was far from acceptable. A much stronger commitment to open science practices, particularly to protocol registration, data and code sharing, is needed from all stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi
- National Pain Centre, Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Seqiz Health Network, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Seqiz, Kurdistan
| | - Eero Raittio
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sergio E Uribe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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20
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Pourret O, Ibarra DE. The rise of preprints in earth sciences. F1000Res 2023; 12:561. [PMID: 37448860 PMCID: PMC10336359 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.133612.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of science information's spread has accelerated in recent years. In this context, it appears that many scientific disciplines are beginning to recognize the value and possibility of sharing open access (OA) online manuscripts in their preprint form. Preprints are academic papers that are published but have not yet been evaluated by peers. They have existed in research at least since the 1960s and the creation of ArXiv in physics and mathematics. Since then, preprint platforms-which can be publisher- or community-driven, profit or not for profit, and based on proprietary or free and open source software-have gained popularity in many fields (for example, bioRxiv for the biological sciences). Today, there are many platforms that are either disciplinary-specific or cross-domain, with exponential development over the past ten years. Preprints as a whole still make up a very small portion of scholarly publishing, but a large group of early adopters are testing out these value-adding tools across a much wider range of disciplines than in the past. In this opinion article, we provide perspective on the three main options available for earth scientists, namely EarthArXiv, ESSOAr/ESS Open Archive and EGUsphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Enrique Ibarra
- Department of Earth, Environmental Sciences, and Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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21
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Alvarez-Romero C, Martínez-García A, Bernabeu-Wittel M, Parra-Calderón CL. Health data hubs: an analysis of existing data governance features for research. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:70. [PMID: 37430347 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital transformation in healthcare and the growth of health data generation and collection are important challenges for the secondary use of healthcare records in the health research field. Likewise, due to the ethical and legal constraints for using sensitive data, understanding how health data are managed by dedicated infrastructures called data hubs is essential to facilitating data sharing and reuse. METHODS To capture the different data governance behind health data hubs across Europe, a survey focused on analysing the feasibility of linking individual-level data between data collections and the generation of health data governance patterns was carried out. The target audience of this study was national, European, and global data hubs. In total, the designed survey was sent to a representative list of 99 health data hubs in January 2022. RESULTS In total, 41 survey responses received until June 2022 were analysed. Stratification methods were performed to cover the different levels of granularity identified in some data hubs' characteristics. Firstly, a general pattern of data governance for data hubs was defined. Afterward, specific profiles were defined, generating specific data governance patterns through the stratifications in terms of the kind of organization (centralized versus decentralized) and role (data controller or data processor) of the health data hub respondents. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the responses from health data hub respondents across Europe provided a list of the most frequent aspects, which concluded with a set of specific best practices on data management and governance, taking into account the constraints of sensitive data. In summary, a data hub should work in a centralized way, providing a Data Processing Agreement and a formal procedure to identify data providers, as well as data quality control, data integrity and anonymization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Alvarez-Romero
- Computational Health Informatics Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Avenue Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Alicia Martínez-García
- Computational Health Informatics Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Avenue Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Luis Parra-Calderón
- Computational Health Informatics Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Avenue Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
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22
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Gaignard A, Rosnet T, De Lamotte F, Lefort V, Devignes MD. FAIR-Checker: supporting digital resource findability and reuse with Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web standards. J Biomed Semantics 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 37393296 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-023-00289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current rise of Open Science and Reproducibility in the Life Sciences requires the creation of rich, machine-actionable metadata in order to better share and reuse biological digital resources such as datasets, bioinformatics tools, training materials, etc. For this purpose, FAIR principles have been defined for both data and metadata and adopted by large communities, leading to the definition of specific metrics. However, automatic FAIRness assessment is still difficult because computational evaluations frequently require technical expertise and can be time-consuming. As a first step to address these issues, we propose FAIR-Checker, a web-based tool to assess the FAIRness of metadata presented by digital resources. FAIR-Checker offers two main facets: a "Check" module providing a thorough metadata evaluation and recommendations, and an "Inspect" module which assists users in improving metadata quality and therefore the FAIRness of their resource. FAIR-Checker leverages Semantic Web standards and technologies such as SPARQL queries and SHACL constraints to automatically assess FAIR metrics. Users are notified of missing, necessary, or recommended metadata for various resource categories. We evaluate FAIR-Checker in the context of improving the FAIRification of individual resources, through better metadata, as well as analyzing the FAIRness of more than 25 thousand bioinformatics software descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Gaignard
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Thomas Rosnet
- TAGC/INSERM U1090, Univ Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Français de Bioinformatique, CNRS UAR 3601, Évry, France
| | - Frédéric De Lamotte
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Lefort
- LIRMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Institut Français de Bioinformatique, CNRS UAR 3601, Évry, France
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23
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Barraud D, Besançon L, Bik EM, Billy E, Clarot F, Frank F, Guihur A, Hajage D, Lacombe K, Maisonneuve H, Molimard M, Mulot M, Samuel A. Why the article that led to the widespread use of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 should be retracted. Therapie 2023; 78:437-440. [PMID: 37321944 PMCID: PMC10236894 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Barraud
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, CHR Metz-Thionville, 57530 Ars-Laquenexy, France.
| | - Lonni Besançon
- Media and Information Technology, Linköping University, 581 83 Norrköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Franck Clarot
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, University Rouen, 76031 Rouen cedex, France
| | | | - Anthony Guihur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Hajage
- Inserm, département de santé publique, institut Pierre-Louis d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, centre de pharmacoépidémiologie, Sorbonne université, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- IPLESP, Sorbonne université, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75231 Paris, France
| | | | - Mathieu Molimard
- Service de pharmacologie CHU de Bordeaux, université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Matthieu Mulot
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; University of Neuchâtel, Hospital Network of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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24
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Ramdjee B, Husson M, Hajage D, Tubach F, Estellat C, Dechartres A. COVID-19 trials were not more likely to report intent to share individual data than non-COVID-19 trials in ClinicalTrials.gov. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 158:10-17. [PMID: 36965602 PMCID: PMC10036148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare intent to share individual participant data (IPD) between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov between 01/09/2020, and 01/03/2021. We also evaluated factors independently associated with intent to share IPD and whether intent to share IPD has improved as compared with the prepandemic period. METHODS We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for all interventional phase 3 studies registered between 01/09/2020, and 01/03/2021. Then, we identified COVID-19 trials and selected a random sample of non-COVID-19 trials with a ratio 2:1. We compared the intent to share IPD between these trials and with 292 trials registered between 01/12/2019, and 01/03/2020 (prepandemic period). RESULTS We included 148 COVID-19 trials and 296 non-COVID-19 trials. Intent to share IPD did not significantly differ between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 trials (22.3% vs. 27.0%, P = 0.3). Intent to share IPD was independently associated with industry-sponsorship (odds ratio [OR] = 2.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65-5.27) and location in the United States (OR = 2.93; 95% CI: 1.64-5.41) or the European Union (OR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.03-4.19). The intent to share IPD has not significantly improved compared with the prepandemic period (P = 0.16). CONCLUSION Data-sharing intent at registration does not seem better for COVID-19 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ramdjee
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Santé Publique, F75013, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Husson
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Santé Publique, F75013, Paris, France
| | - David Hajage
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Santé Publique, CIC-1901, F75013, Paris, France
| | - Florence Tubach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Santé Publique, CIC-1901, F75013, Paris, France
| | - Candice Estellat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Santé Publique, CIC-1901, F75013, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Dechartres
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Santé Publique, CIC-1901, F75013, Paris, France.
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Karega P, Mwaura DK, Mwangi KW, Wanjiku M, Landi M, Kibet CK. Building awareness and capacity of bioinformatics and open science skills in Kenya: a sensitize, train, hack, and collaborate model. Front Res Metr Anal 2023; 8:1070390. [PMID: 37324282 PMCID: PMC10267827 DOI: 10.3389/frma.2023.1070390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have applied the sensitize-train-hack-community model to build awareness of and capacity in bioinformatics in Kenya. Open science is the practice of science openly and collaboratively, with tools, techniques, and data freely shared to facilitate reuse and collaboration. Open science is not a mandatory curriculum course in schools, whereas bioinformatics is relatively new in some African regions. Open science tools can significantly enhance bioinformatics, leading to increased reproducibility. However, open science and bioinformatics skills, especially blended, are still lacking among students and researchers in resource-constrained regions. We note the need to be aware of the power of open science among the bioinformatics community and a clear strategy to learn bioinformatics and open science skills for use in research. Using the OpenScienceKE framework-Sensitize, Train, Hack, Collaborate/Community-the BOSS (Bioinformatics and Open Science Skills) virtual events built awareness and empowered researchers with the skills and tools in open science and bioinformatics. Sensitization was achieved through a symposium, training through a workshop and train-the-trainer program, hack through mini-projects, community through conferences, and continuous meet-ups. In this paper, we discuss how we applied the framework during the BOSS events and highlight lessons learnt in planning and executing the events and their impact on the outcome of each phase. We evaluate the impact of the events through anonymous surveys. We show that sensitizing and empowering researchers with the skills works best when the participants apply the skills to real-world problems: project-based learning. Furthermore, we have demonstrated how to implement virtual events in resource-constrained settings by providing Internet and equipment support to participants, thus improving accessibility and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Karega
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Margaret Wanjiku
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michael Landi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caleb K. Kibet
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Merienne C, Filali S, Marchand C, Lapras B, Paillet C, Pirot F. Predictive stability, novel HPLC-MS analysis and semi-automatic compounding process for the emergency implementation of a production line of pancuronium in injectable solution. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 187:106464. [PMID: 37169099 PMCID: PMC10169324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the international medical product supply chain was tight, causing breaks in the availability of neuromuscular blocking agents essential for the treatment of patients in intensive care units. The present study describes the pharmaceutical development of an injectable 2 mg/mL solution of pancuronium bromide (PC) in a very short lapse of time. The sterile solution was compounded into a good manufacturing practice grade A clean room, filtered (0.2 µm) and filled into 10 mL type I glass, manually sealed with bromobutyl rubber stoppers. A novel HPLC-MS stability indicating method for pancuronium quantification and its degradation product was developed and validated. This fast, sensitive and straightforward method was used to study the stability of the formulation using a semi-predictive method, enabling a very fast attribution of a temporary shelf-life, which was confirmed by a classic prospective stability study. The production line and the analytical tools set-up were performed in six weeks and the semi-predictive stability study was conducted in 90 days, allowing us to predict a shelf life, which was successfully confirmed by prospective study. In conclusion, using innovative methods, we were able to rapidly overcome the shortage of a critical drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Merienne
- Service Pharmaceutique, Plateforme FRIPHARM, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, F-69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France..
| | - Samira Filali
- Service Pharmaceutique, Plateforme FRIPHARM, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, F-69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Chloé Marchand
- Service Pharmaceutique, Plateforme FRIPHARM, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, F-69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Benjamine Lapras
- Service Pharmaceutique, Plateforme FRIPHARM, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, F-69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Carole Paillet
- Service Pharmaceutique, Plateforme FRIPHARM, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, F-69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Fabrice Pirot
- Service Pharmaceutique, Plateforme FRIPHARM, Groupement Hospitalier Centre, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, F-69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle, UMR 5305, Plateforme Fripharm, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 8, avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Wilmes N, Hendriks CWE, Viets CTA, Cornelissen SJWM, van Mook WNKA, Cox-Brinkman J, Celi LA, Martinez-Martin N, Gichoya JW, Watkins C, Bakhshi-Raiez F, Wynants L, van der Horst ICC, van Bussel BCT. Structural under-reporting of informed consent, data handling and sharing, ethical approval, and application of Open Science principles as proxies for study quality conduct in COVID-19 research: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2023-012007. [PMID: 37257937 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic required science to provide answers rapidly to combat the outbreak. Hence, the reproducibility and quality of conducting research may have been threatened, particularly regarding privacy and data protection, in varying ways around the globe. The objective was to investigate aspects of reporting informed consent and data handling as proxies for study quality conduct. METHODS A systematic scoping review was performed by searching PubMed and Embase. The search was performed on November 8th, 2020. Studies with hospitalised patients diagnosed with COVID-19 over 18 years old were eligible for inclusion. With a focus on informed consent, data were extracted on the study design, prestudy protocol registration, ethical approval, data anonymisation, data sharing and data transfer as proxies for study quality. For reasons of comparison, data regarding country income level, study location and journal impact factor were also collected. RESULTS 972 studies were included. 21.3% of studies reported informed consent, 42.6% reported waivers of consent, 31.4% did not report consent information and 4.7% mentioned other types of consent. Informed consent reporting was highest in clinical trials (94.6%) and lowest in retrospective cohort studies (15.0%). The reporting of consent versus no consent did not differ significantly by journal impact factor (p=0.159). 16.8% of studies reported a prestudy protocol registration or design. Ethical approval was described in 90.9% of studies. Information on anonymisation was provided in 17.0% of studies. In 257 multicentre studies, 1.2% reported on data sharing agreements, and none reported on Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable data principles. 1.2% reported on open data. Consent was most often reported in the Middle East (42.4%) and least often in North America (4.7%). Only one report originated from a low-income country. DISCUSSION Informed consent and aspects of data handling and sharing were under-reported in publications concerning COVID-19 and differed between countries, which strains study quality conduct when in dire need of answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Wilmes
- Deparment of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular research institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte W E Hendriks
- Deparment of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Caspar T A Viets
- Deparment of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J W M Cornelissen
- Deparment of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Walther N K A van Mook
- Deparment of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academy for Postgraduate Medical Training, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Health Professions Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Josanne Cox-Brinkman
- Department of Health Law, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A Celi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Martinez-Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Judy W Gichoya
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Florida, USA
| | - Craig Watkins
- School of Journalism and Media, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ferishta Bakhshi-Raiez
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam and Amsterdam Public Health, Quality of care The Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laure Wynants
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan C C van der Horst
- Deparment of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular research institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas C T van Bussel
- Deparment of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular research institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ali I, Burton J, Tranfield MW. Assessing the publishing priorities and preferences among STEM researchers at a large R1 institution. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16316. [PMID: 37229162 PMCID: PMC10205490 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cost of academic publishing has increased substantially despite the ease with which information can be shared on the web. Open Access publishing is a key mechanism for amplifying research access, inclusivity, and impact. Despite this, shifting to a free-to-read publishing environment requires navigating complex barriers that vary by career status and publishing expectations. In this article, we investigate the motivations and preferences of researchers situated within our large research institution as a case study for publishing attitudes at similar institutions. We surveyed the publishing priorities and preferences of researchers at various career stages in STEM fields as they relate to openness, data practices, and assessment of research impact. Our results indicate that publishing preferences, data management experience and research impact assessment vary by career status and departmental approaches to promotion. We find that open access publishing is widely appreciated regardless of career status, but financial limitations and publishing expectations were common barriers to publishing in Open Access journals. Our findings shed light on publishing attitudes and preferences among researchers at a major R1 research institution, and offer insight into advocacy strategies that incentivize open access publishing.
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Wei C, Zhao J, Ni J, Li J. What does open peer review bring to scientific articles? Evidence from PLoS journals. Scientometrics 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-023-04683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Zeng L. Changes in health communication in the age of COVID-19: A study on the dissemination of preprints to the public. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1078115. [PMID: 36844813 PMCID: PMC9944950 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1078115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preprints have become an important tool for meeting the challenges of health communication in the context of COVID-19. They allow scientists to disseminate their results more quickly due to the absence of a peer review process. Preprints have been well-received by scientists, however, there have been concerns about the exposure of wider public audiences to preprints due in part to this lack of peer review. Methods The aim of this study is to examine the dissemination of preprints on medRxiv and bioRxiv during the COVID-19 pandemic using content analysis and statistical analysis. Results Our findings show that preprints have played an unprecedented role in disseminating COVID-19-related science results to the public. Discussion While the overall media coverage of preprints is unsatisfactory, digital native news media performed better than legacy media in reporting preprints, which means that we could make the most of digital native media to improve health communication. This study contributes to understanding how science communication has evolved in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and provides some practical recommendations.
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Barrière J, Frank F, Besançon L, Samuel A, Saada V, Billy E, Al-Ahmad A, Seitz-Polski B, Robert J. Scientific Integrity Requires Publishing Rebuttals and Retracting Problematic Papers. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:568-572. [PMID: 36287337 PMCID: PMC9607843 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an article by Seneff et al. entitled "Innate immunosuppression by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations: The role of G-quadruplexes, exosomes, and MicroRNAs" was published in Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT). Here, we describe why this article, which contains unsubstantiated claims and misunderstandings such as "billions of lives are potentially at risk" with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, is problematic and should be retracted. We report here our request to the editor of FCT to have our rebuttal published, unfortunately rejected after three rounds of reviewing. Fighting the spread of false information requires enormous effort while receiving little or no credit for this necessary work, which often even ends up being threatened. This need for more scientific integrity is at the heart of our advocacy, and we call for large support, especially from editors and publishers, to fight more effectively against deadly disinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Barrière
- Medical Oncology Department, Polyclinique Saint-Jean, 92 avenue Dr Donat, 06800, Cagnes-sur-Mer, France.
| | | | - Lonni Besançon
- Media and Information Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | | | - Véronique Saada
- Biopathology Department, Gustave Roussy Anticancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Billy
- Independent Researcher, Strasbourg, France
| | - Abraham Al-Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Seitz-Polski
- Department of Immunology & UR2CA, Côte d'Azur University, CHU Nice, 151 route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Robert
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM Unité 1312, Bordeaux, France
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Odhiambo JN, Dolan CB, Troup L, Rojas NP. Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiological approaches to inform COVID-19 surveillance and control: a systematic review of statistical and modelling methods in Africa. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067134. [PMID: 36697047 PMCID: PMC9884571 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various studies have been published to better understand the underlying spatial and temporal dynamics of COVID-19. This review sought to identify different spatial and spatio-temporal modelling methods that have been applied to COVID-19 and examine influential covariates that have been reportedly associated with its risk in Africa. DESIGN Systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. DATA SOURCES Thematically mined keywords were used to identify refereed studies conducted between January 2020 and February 2022 from the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE via Proquest, CINHAL via EBSCOhost and Coronavirus Research Database via ProQuest. A manual search through the reference list of studies was also conducted. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Peer-reviewed studies that demonstrated the application of spatial and temporal approaches to COVID-19 outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS A standardised extraction form based on critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies checklist was used to extract the meta-data of the included studies. A validated scoring criterion was used to assess studies based on their methodological relevance and quality. RESULTS Among 2065 hits in five databases, title and abstract screening yielded 827 studies of which 22 were synthesised and qualitatively analysed. The most common socioeconomic variable was population density. HIV prevalence was the most common epidemiological indicator, while temperature was the most common environmental indicator. Thirteen studies (59%) implemented diverse formulations of spatial and spatio-temporal models incorporating unmeasured factors of COVID-19 and the subtle influence of time and space. Cluster analyses were used across seven studies (32%) to explore COVID-19 variation and determine whether observed patterns were random. CONCLUSION COVID-19 modelling in Africa is still in its infancy, and a range of spatial and spatio-temporal methods have been employed across diverse settings. Strengthening routine data systems remains critical for generating estimates and understanding factors that drive spatial variation in vulnerable populations and temporal variation in pandemic progression. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021279767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Nyerere Odhiambo
- Ignite Global Health Research Lab, Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
- Kinesiology and Health Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Carrie B Dolan
- Ignite Global Health Research Lab, Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
- Kinesiology and Health Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Lydia Troup
- Ignite Global Health Research Lab, Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Nathaly Perez Rojas
- Ignite Global Health Research Lab, Global Research Institute, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
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Ross-Hellauer T. Strategic priorities for reproducibility reform. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001943. [PMID: 36634034 PMCID: PMC9836294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing the reproducibility of research should be a top priority. Great work is being done, but more work is needed to combine efforts and maximize our actions to enable true reproducibility reform.
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Dos Santos Rocha A, Albrecht E, El-Boghdadly K. Open science should be a pleonasm. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:551-556. [PMID: 36625412 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Dos Santos Rocha
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Albrecht
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K El-Boghdadly
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, UK
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Jin H, Wang Q, Yang YF, Zhang H, Gao M(M, Jin S, Chen Y(S, Xu T, Zheng YR, Chen J, Xiao Q, Yang J, Wang X, Geng H, Ge J, Wang WW, Chen X, Zhang L, Zuo XN, Chuang-Peng H. The Chinese Open Science Network (COSN): Building an Open Science Community From Scratch. ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/25152459221144986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Open Science is becoming a mainstream scientific ideology in psychology and related fields. However, researchers, especially early-career researchers (ECRs) in developing countries, are facing significant hurdles in engaging in Open Science and moving it forward. In China, various societal and cultural factors discourage ECRs from participating in Open Science, such as the lack of dedicated communication channels and the norm of modesty. To make the voice of Open Science heard by Chinese-speaking ECRs and scholars at large, the Chinese Open Science Network (COSN) was initiated in 2016. With its core values being grassroots-oriented, diversity, and inclusivity, COSN has grown from a small Open Science interest group to a recognized network both in the Chinese-speaking research community and the international Open Science community. So far, COSN has organized three in-person workshops, 12 tutorials, 48 talks, and 55 journal club sessions and translated 15 Open Science-related articles and blogs from English to Chinese. Currently, the main social media account of COSN (i.e., the WeChat Official Account) has more than 23,000 subscribers, and more than 1,000 researchers/students actively participate in the discussions on Open Science. In this article, we share our experience in building such a network to encourage ECRs in developing countries to start their own Open Science initiatives and engage in the global Open Science movement. We foresee great collaborative efforts of COSN together with all other local and international networks to further accelerate the Open Science movement.
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Parvinen L, Alamäki A, Hallikainen H, Mäki M. Exploring the challenges of and solutions to sharing personal genomic data for use in healthcare. Health Informatics J 2023; 29:14604582231152185. [PMID: 36651319 DOI: 10.1177/14604582231152185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the tightened General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) legislation within the European Union (EU), individuals have become increasingly concerned about privacy. This is also reflected in how willing individuals are to consent to sharing personal data, including their health data. To understand this behaviour better, this study focuses on willingness to consent in relation to genomic data. The study explores how the provision of educational information relates to willingness to consent, as well as differences in privacy concerns, information sensitivity and the perceived trade-off value between individuals willing versus unwilling to consent to sharing their genomic data. Of the respondents, 65% were initially willing to consent, but after educational information 89% were willing to consent and only 11% remained unwilling to consent. Educating individuals about potential health benefits can thus help to correct the beliefs that originally led to the unwillingness to share genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Parvinen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Industrial Management Finland, 278232Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ari Alamäki
- 52909Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marko Mäki
- 52909Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
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Dai S, Smiley J, Dwyer T, Ens B, Besancon L. RoboHapalytics: A Robot Assisted Haptic Controller for Immersive Analytics. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2023; 29:451-461. [PMID: 36155467 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2022.3209433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Immersive environments offer new possibilities for exploring three-dimensional volumetric or abstract data. However, typical mid-air interaction offers little guidance to the user in interacting with the resulting visuals. Previous work has explored the use of haptic controls to give users tangible affordances for interacting with the data, but these controls have either: been limited in their range and resolution; were spatially fixed; or required users to manually align them with the data space. We explore the use of a robot arm with hand tracking to align tangible controls under the user's fingers as they reach out to interact with data affordances. We begin with a study evaluating the effectiveness of a robot-extended slider control compared to a large fixed physical slider and a purely virtual mid-air slider. We find that the robot slider has similar accuracy to the physical slider but is significantly more accurate than mid-air interaction. Further, the robot slider can be arbitrarily reoriented, opening up many new possibilities for tangible haptic interaction with immersive visualisations. We demonstrate these possibilities through three use-cases: selection in a time-series chart; interactive slicing of CT scans; and finally exploration of a scatter plot depicting time-varying socio-economic data.
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McCartney PR. The Open Science Movement. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2023; 52:4-6. [PMID: 36463950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Strømme CB, Lane AK, Halbritter AH, Law E, Nater CR, Nilsen EB, Boutouli GD, Egelkraut DD, Telford RJ, Vandvik V, Cotner SH. Close to open-Factors that hinder and promote open science in ecology research and education. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278339. [PMID: 36542605 PMCID: PMC9770360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Open Science (OS) movement is rapidly gaining traction among policy-makers, research funders, scientific journals and individual scientists. Despite these tendencies, the pace of implementing OS throughout the scientific process and across the scientific community remains slow. Thus, a better understanding of the conditions that affect OS engagement, and in particular, of how practitioners learn, use, conduct and share research openly can guide those seeking to implement OS more broadly. We surveyed participants at an OS workshop hosted by the Living Norway Ecological Data Network in 2020 to learn how they perceived OS and its importance in their research, supervision and teaching. Further, we wanted to know what OS practices they had encountered in their education and what they saw as hindering or helping their engagement with OS. The survey contained scaled-response and open-ended questions, allowing for a mixed-methods approach. We obtained survey responses from 60 out of 128 workshop participants (47%). Responses indicated that usage and sharing of open data and code, as well as open access publication, were the most frequent OS practices. Only a minority of respondents reported having encountered OS in their formal education. A majority also viewed OS as less important in their teaching than in their research and supervisory roles. The respondents' suggestions for what would facilitate greater OS engagement in the future included knowledge, guidelines, and resources, but also social and structural support. These are aspects that could be strengthened by promoting explicit implementation of OS practices in higher education and by nurturing a more inclusive and equitable OS culture. We argue that incorporating OS in teaching and learning of science can yield substantial benefits to the research community, student learning, and ultimately, to the wider societal objectives of science and higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. Strømme
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - A. Kelly Lane
- Department of Biology Teaching and Learning, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aud H. Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elizabeth Law
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
- Working Conservation Consulting, Fernie, BC, Canada
| | - Chloe R. Nater
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Grace D. Boutouli
- Department of Biology Teaching and Learning, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | | | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sehoya H. Cotner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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40
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Strydom A, Mellet J, Van Rensburg J, Viljoen I, Athanasiadis A, Pepper MS. Open access and its potential impact on public health - A South African perspective. Front Res Metr Anal 2022; 7:975109. [PMID: 36531754 PMCID: PMC9755351 DOI: 10.3389/frma.2022.975109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, access to research information has been restricted through journal subscriptions. This means that research entities and individuals who were unable to afford subscription costs did not have access to journal articles. There has however been a progressive shift toward electronic access to journal publications and subsequently growth in the number of journals available globally. In the context of electronic journals, both open access and restricted access options exist. While the latter option is comparable to traditional, subscription-based paper journals, open access journal publications follow an "open science" publishing model allowing scholarly communications and outputs to be publicly available online at no cost to the reader. However, for readers to enjoy open access, publication costs are shifted elsewhere, typically onto academic institutions and authors. SARS-CoV-2, and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the benefits of open science through accelerated research and unprecedented levels of collaboration and data sharing. South Africa is one of the leading open access countries on the African continent. This paper focuses on open access in the South African higher education research context with an emphasis on our Institution and our own experiences. It also addresses the financial implications of open access and provides possible solutions for reducing the cost of publication for researchers and their institutions. Privacy in open access and the role of the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) in medical research and secondary use of data in South Africa will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael S. Pepper
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Gomes DGE, Pottier P, Crystal-Ornelas R, Hudgins EJ, Foroughirad V, Sánchez-Reyes LL, Turba R, Martinez PA, Moreau D, Bertram MG, Smout CA, Gaynor KM. Why don't we share data and code? Perceived barriers and benefits to public archiving practices. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221113. [PMID: 36416041 PMCID: PMC9682438 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological sciences community is increasingly recognizing the value of open, reproducible and transparent research practices for science and society at large. Despite this recognition, many researchers fail to share their data and code publicly. This pattern may arise from knowledge barriers about how to archive data and code, concerns about its reuse, and misaligned career incentives. Here, we define, categorize and discuss barriers to data and code sharing that are relevant to many research fields. We explore how real and perceived barriers might be overcome or reframed in the light of the benefits relative to costs. By elucidating these barriers and the contexts in which they arise, we can take steps to mitigate them and align our actions with the goals of open science, both as individual scientists and as a scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. E. Gomes
- NRC Research Associate, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Patrice Pottier
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Crystal-Ornelas
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emma J. Hudgins
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | | | | | - Rachel Turba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA
| | - Paula Andrea Martinez
- Australian Research Data Commons, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michael G. Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-907 36, Sweden
| | - Cooper A. Smout
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Kaitlyn M. Gaynor
- Departments of Zoology and Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, BC V6T 1Z4
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
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42
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Lee JK. The roles of individual differences in time perspective, promotion focus, and innovativeness: Testing technology acceptance model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 36415452 PMCID: PMC9672636 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to examine the roles of Zimbardo's time perspective along with other individual differences such as promotion focus and innovativeness in perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude toward SNSs (social networking sites) in the technology acceptance model (TAM). A total of 234 participants joined this online study in South Korea. As predicted, past positive time perspective (TP) positively affected promotion focus and innovativeness, whereas past negative TP negatively affected them. Present hedonic TP positively affected innovativeness, and present fatalistic TP negatively affected promotion focus each. Future TP also positively related to promotion focus and innovativeness. In addition, simple and serial mediation effects of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness independently and sequentially mediated the impact of TP on attitude toward SNSs. By considering TP along with promotion focus and innovativeness in conjunction with beliefs in the TAM, this study identifies psychological underpinnings of how individual differences affect technology adoption attitude and behavior. Research implications and future research suggestions will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyun Lee
- School of Advertising & Public Relations, Hongik University, B303-1, 2639, Sejong-Ro, Jochiwon-Eup, Sejong-Si, South Korea 30016
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Khalil AT, Shinwari ZK, Islam A. Fostering openness in open science: An ethical discussion of risks and benefits. FRONTIERS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE 2022; 4. [DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2022.930574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of science by embracing the concepts of open science presents a very attractive strategy to enhance the reliability of science. Open science policies embody the concepts of open data and open access that encompass sharing of resources, dissemination of ideas, and synergizing the collaborative forums of research. Despite the opportunities in openness, however, there are grave ethical concerns too, and they present a dual-use dilemma. Access to sensitive information is seen as a security risk, and it also possesses other concerns such as confidentiality, privacy, and affordability. There are arguments that open science can be harmful to marginalized groups. Through this study, we aim to discuss the opportunities of open science, as well as the ethical and security aspects, which require further deliberation before full-fledged acceptance in the science community.
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Chiware ERT, Skelly L. Open Science in Africa: What policymakers should consider. Front Res Metr Anal 2022; 7:950139. [PMID: 36407914 PMCID: PMC9670184 DOI: 10.3389/frma.2022.950139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As Open Science (OS) is being promoted as the best avenue to share and drive scientific discoveries at much lower costs and in transparent and credible ways, it is imperative that African governments and institutions take advantage of the momentum and build research infrastructures that are responsive to this movement. This paper aims to provide useful insight into the importance and implementation of OS policy frameworks. The paper uses a systematic review approach to review existing literature and analyse global OS policy development documents. The approach includes a review of existing OS policy frameworks that can guide similar work by African governments and institutions. This critical review also makes recommendations on key issues that Africa should consider in the process of OS policy development. These approaches can be widely used as further foundations for future developments in OS practices on the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha R. T. Chiware
- 1Cape Peninsula University of Technology Library, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa,*Correspondence: Elisha R. T. Chiware
| | - Lara Skelly
- 2Loughborough University Library, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom,3Stellenbosch Business School, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Gardener AD, Hick EJ, Jacklin C, Tan G, Cashin AG, Lee H, Nunan D, Toomey EC, Richards GC. Open science and conflict of interest policies of medical and health sciences journals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A repeat cross-sectional study. JRSM Open 2022; 13:20542704221132139. [PMID: 36407750 PMCID: PMC9666860 DOI: 10.1177/20542704221132139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To audit the transparent and open science standards of health and medical
sciences journal policies and explore the impact of the COVID-19
pandemic. Design Repeat cross-sectional study. Setting 19 journals listed in Google Scholar's Top Publications for health and
medical sciences. Participants Blood, Cell, Circulation, European Heart Journal, Gastroenterology, Journal
of Clinical Oncology, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Nature
Genetics, Nature Medicine, Nature Neuroscience, Neuron, PLoS ONE,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Science Translational
Medicine, The British Medical Journal, The Journal of the American Medical
Association, The Lancet, The Lancet Oncology, and The New England Journal of
Medicine. Main outcome measures We used the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) guideline and the
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) requirements for
disclosing conflicts of interest (COIs) to evaluate journals standards. Results TOP scores slightly improved during the COVID-19 pandemic, from a median of 5
(IQR: 2–12.5) out of a possible 24 points in February 2020 to 7 (IQR: 4–12)
in May 2021, but overall, scores were very low at both time points. Journal
policies scored highest for their adherence to data transparency and scored
lowest for preregistration of study protocols and analysis plans and the
submission of replication studies. Most journals fulfilled all ICMJE
provisions for reporting COIs before (84%; n = 16) and during (95%;
n = 18) the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of practising open
science. However, requirements for open science practices in audited
policies were overall low, which may impede progress in health and medical
research. As key stakeholders in disseminating research, journals should
promote a research culture of greater transparency and more robust open
science practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni D. Gardener
- Isle of Wight NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Parkhurst Road, Newport, Isle of Wight, PO30 5TG, UK
| | - Ellen J. Hick
- Dartford and Gravesham NHS Trust, Darent Valley Hospital, Darenth Wood Road, Dartford, DA2 8DA, UK
| | - Chloe Jacklin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Gifford Tan
- National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074
| | - Aidan G. Cashin
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Hopin Lee
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - David Nunan
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Elaine C. Toomey
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Georgia C. Richards
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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46
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Best practices for considering retractions. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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47
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Nixon K, Jindal S, Parker F, Marshall M, Reich NG, Ghobadi K, Lee EC, Truelove S, Gardner L. Real-time COVID-19 forecasting: challenges and opportunities of model performance and translation. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e699-e701. [PMID: 36150779 PMCID: PMC9499327 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Nixon
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sonia Jindal
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Felix Parker
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Maximilian Marshall
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Nicholas G Reich
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kimia Ghobadi
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaun Truelove
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Gardner
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kapp P, Esmail L, Ghosn L, Ravaud P, Boutron I. Transparency and reporting characteristics of COVID-19 randomized controlled trials. BMC Med 2022; 20:363. [PMID: 36154932 PMCID: PMC9510360 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are essential to support clinical decision-making. We aimed (1) to assess and compare the reporting characteristics of RCTs between preprints and peer-reviewed publications and (2) to assess whether reporting improves after the peer review process for all preprints subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals. METHODS We searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register and L·OVE COVID-19 platform to identify all reports of RCTs assessing pharmacological treatments of COVID-19, up to May 2021. We extracted indicators of transparency (e.g., trial registration, data sharing intentions) and assessed the completeness of reporting (i.e., some important CONSORT items, conflict of interest, ethical approval) using a standardized data extraction form. We also identified paired reports published in preprint and peer-reviewed publications. RESULTS We identified 251 trial reports: 121 (48%) were first published in peer-reviewed journals, and 130 (52%) were first published as preprints. Transparency was poor. About half of trials were prospectively registered (n = 140, 56%); 38% (n = 95) made their full protocols available, and 29% (n = 72) provided access to their statistical analysis plan report. A data sharing statement was reported in 68% (n = 170) of the reports of which 91% stated their willingness to share. Completeness of reporting was low: only 32% (n = 81) of trials completely defined the pre-specified primary outcome measures; 57% (n = 143) reported the process of allocation concealment. Overall, 51% (n = 127) adequately reported the results for the primary outcomes while only 14% (n = 36) of trials adequately described harms. Primary outcome(s) reported in trial registries and published reports were inconsistent in 49% (n = 104) of trials; of them, only 15% (n = 16) disclosed outcome switching in the report. There were no major differences between preprints and peer-reviewed publications. Of the 130 RCTs published as preprints, 78 were subsequently published in a peer-reviewed journal. There was no major improvement after the journal peer review process for most items. CONCLUSIONS Transparency, completeness, and consistency of reporting of COVID-19 clinical trials were insufficient both in preprints and peer-reviewed publications. A comparison of paired reports published in preprint and peer-reviewed publication did not indicate major improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kapp
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France.,Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France.,Cochrane France, F-75004, Paris, France.,Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Esmail
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France.,Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France.,Cochrane France, F-75004, Paris, France
| | - Lina Ghosn
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France.,Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France.,Cochrane France, F-75004, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France.,Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France.,Cochrane France, F-75004, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Boutron
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France. .,Centre d'Épidémiologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, F-75004, Paris, France. .,Cochrane France, F-75004, Paris, France.
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Gordon M, Bishop M, Chen Y, Dreber A, Goldfedder B, Holzmeister F, Johannesson M, Liu Y, Tran L, Twardy C, Wang J, Pfeiffer T. Forecasting the publication and citation outcomes of COVID-19 preprints. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220440. [PMID: 36177198 PMCID: PMC9515639 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many publications on COVID-19 were released on preprint servers such as medRxiv and bioRxiv. It is unknown how reliable these preprints are, and which ones will eventually be published in scientific journals. In this study, we use crowdsourced human forecasts to predict publication outcomes and future citation counts for a sample of 400 preprints with high Altmetric score. Most of these preprints were published within 1 year of upload on a preprint server (70%), with a considerable fraction (45%) appearing in a high-impact journal with a journal impact factor of at least 10. On average, the preprints received 162 citations within the first year. We found that forecasters can predict if preprints will be published after 1 year and if the publishing journal has high impact. Forecasts are also informative with respect to Google Scholar citations within 1 year of upload on a preprint server. For both types of assessment, we found statistically significant positive correlations between forecasts and observed outcomes. While the forecasts can help to provide a preliminary assessment of preprints at a faster pace than traditional peer-review, it remains to be investigated if such an assessment is suited to identify methodological problems in preprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gordon
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Yiling Chen
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Dreber
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Economics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Felix Holzmeister
- Department of Economics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Magnus Johannesson
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Louisa Tran
- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., Herndon, VA, USA
| | - Charles Twardy
- Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., Herndon, VA, USA
- C41 & Cyber Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Juntao Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Pfeiffer
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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50
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Palaniyappan L, Alonso-Sanchez MF, MacWhinney B. Is Collaborative Open Science Possible With Speech Data in Psychiatric Disorders? Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:963-966. [PMID: 35699484 PMCID: PMC9434438 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maria F Alonso-Sanchez
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- CIDCL, Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Brian MacWhinney
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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