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Rustam F, Reshi AA, Aljedaani W, Alhossan A, Ishaq A, Shafi S, Lee E, Alrabiah Z, Alsuwailem H, Ahmad A, Rupapara V. Vector mosquito image classification using novel RIFS feature selection and machine learning models for disease epidemiology. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:583-594. [PMID: 35002454 PMCID: PMC8717167 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year about one million people die due to diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. The infection is transmitted to a person when an infected mosquito stings, injecting the saliva into the human body. The best possible way to prevent a mosquito-borne infection till date is to save the humans from exposure to mosquito bites. This study proposes a Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning based system to detect the presence of two critical disease spreading classes of mosquitoes such as the Aedes and Culex. The proposed system will effectively aid in epidemiology to design evidence-based policies and decisions by analyzing the risks and transmission. The study proposes an effective methodology for the classification of mosquitoes using ML and CNN models. The novel RIFS has been introduced which integrates two types of feature selection techniques - the ROI-based image filtering and the wrappers-based FFS technique. Comparative analysis of various ML and deep learning models has been performed to determine the most appropriate model applicable based on their performance metrics as well as computational needs. Results prove that ETC outperformed among the all applied ML model by providing 0.992 accuracy while VVG16 has outperformed other CNN models by giving 0.986 of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan Rustam
- Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Reshi
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajdi Aljedaani
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Abdulaziz Alhossan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corporate of Pharmacy Services, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Ishaq
- Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Shafi
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ernesto Lee
- Department of Computer Science, Broward College, Broward County, FL, USA
- Baker College, Department of Business Administration, USA
| | - Ziyad Alrabiah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessa Alsuwailem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaibhav Rupapara
- School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, USA
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Beykaso G, Mulu A, Giday M, Berhe N, Selamu M, Mihret A, Teklehaymanot T. Burden and Transmission Risks of Viral Hepatitis in Southern Ethiopia: Evidence Needed for Prevention and Control Measures. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4843-4852. [PMID: 34880693 PMCID: PMC8646867 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s336776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are significant causes of liver-associated morbidity and mortality for millions of people globally. Ethiopia is one of the viral hepatitis-endemic countries with no national strategy for surveillance and limited data. As such, this study aimed to investigated the extent and associated risk factors of HBV and HCV among community members in southern Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to August 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect behavioral and sociodemographic data. Serum samples were collected and assayed for seromarkers of HBV (HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs) and HCV (anti-HCV) using ELISAs. In HBsAg-positive samples, HBV DNA was further quantified using RT-PCR. Data were entered into EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were employed. RESULTS The study included 693 participants. Seromarkers for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs were found to be 9.5%, 1.4%, 31.1%, and 14.3%, respectively. In 66 HBsAg positives, 57 (86.4%) had quantifiable HBV DNA. Prevalence of current HBV infection (HBsAg+, anti-HBc+, anti-HBs-) and lifetime exposure (positive for either HBsAg or anti-HBc) to HBV were 8.7% and 31.9%, respectively, and 63.1% of participants were vulnerable or had no evidence of prior HBV infection (HBsAg-, anti-HBc-, anti-HBs-). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, multiple sexual contacts, family history of hepatitis infection, alcohol consumption, and khat chewing were significantly associated with HBV. The seroprevalence of HBV was relatively high in this study area. CONCLUSION This study showed high prevalence of HBV infection, but low prevalence of HCV. This indicates that HBV is a major health problem in this community. Population-based surveillance, care, and treatment, as well as behavioral change and education programs, should be enhanced to minimize risk exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizachew Beykaso
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Andargachew Mulu
- Department of Virology, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mirutse Giday
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Berhe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Selamu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Mihret
- Department of Virology, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Teklehaymanot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Begam NN, Kumar A, Sahu M, Soneja M, Bhatt M, Vishwakarma VK, Sethi P, Baitha U, Barua K, Biswas A. Management of dengue with co-infections: an updated narrative review. Drug Discov Ther 2021; 15:130-138. [PMID: 34234061 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a life-threatening mosquito borne viral disease. We are still in the era of supportive treatment where morbidity and mortality are a major concern. Dengue infection in presence of other co-infections makes this scenario rather worse. Timely recognition and raising alarm to be intensive is the need of the hour for primary care physicians practicing in the community and indoors. This review provides a comprehensive knowledge about the recent trends of coinfection in dengue as well as their management consideration which will be particularly helpful for physicians practicing in rural and remote areas of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazneen Nahar Begam
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Monalisa Sahu
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Soneja
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manasvini Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Prayas Sethi
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Barua
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India (GOI)
| | - Ashutosh Biswas
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an arbovirus disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus of Togaviridae family. Transmission follows a human-mosquito-human cycle starting with a mosquito bite. Subsequently, symptoms develop after 2-6 days of incubation, including high fever and severe arthralgia. The disease is self-limiting and usually resolve within 2 weeks. However, chronic disease can last up to several years with persistent polyarthralgia. Overlapping symptoms and common vector with dengue and malaria present many challenges for diagnosis and treatment of this disease. CHIKF was reported in India in 1963 for the first time. After a period of quiescence lasting up to 32 years, CHIKV re-emerged in India in 2005. Currently, every part of the country has become endemic for the disease with outbreaks resulting in huge economic and productivity losses. Several mutations have been identified in circulating strains of the virus resulting in better adaptations or increased fitness in the vector(s), effective transmission, and disease severity. CHIKV evolution has been a significant driver of epidemics in India, hence, the need to focus on proper surveillance, and implementation of prevention and control measure in the country. Presently, there are no licensed vaccines or antivirals available; however, India has initiated several efforts in this direction including traditional medicines. In this review, we present the current status of CHIKF in India.
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Teixeira AF, de Brito BB, Correia TML, Viana AIS, Carvalho JC, da Silva FAF, Santos MLC, da Silveira EA, Neto HPG, da Silva NMP, Rocha CVS, Pinheiro FD, Chaves BA, Monteiro WM, de Lacerda MVG, Secundino NFC, Pimenta PFP, de Melo FF. Simultaneous circulation of zakat, dengue, and chikungunya viruses and their vertical co-transmission among Aedes aegypti. Acta Trop 2021; 215:105819. [PMID: 33406443 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The outbreaks caused by the Aedes aegypti-transmitted dengue virus (DENV), zakat virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) result in a significant impact to the health systems of tropical countries. Furthermore, the occurrence of patients coinfected by at least two of these arboviruses is an aggravating factor in that scenario. On this basis, surveillance tools such as the Rapid Index Survey for Aedes aegypti (LIRAa) are used to estimate vector infestation in order to improve the prediction of human outbreaks. Ae. aegypti eggs were collected in the city of Vitória da Conquista, in Bahia State, Brazil, and subsequently hatched into larvae, which were analyzed in pools or individually for the presence of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV by molecular biology methods. The detection data for arboviruses were crossed with the LIRAa obtained in each region of the study city. Thirty larvae pools were analyzed, and fourteen (46.6%) of them were detected positive for DENV, ZIKV, and/or CHIKV. Among the individually analyzed larvae (n = 30), nine (30%) were positive for any of these arboviruses, and four (13.3%) were simultaneously coinfected by DENV and ZIKV. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the detection of circulating arboviruses and LIRAa. The simultaneous Ae. aegypti larvae infection by two different arboviruses is an unprecedented finding. This result suggests the occurrence of a vertical arboviruses co-transmission from the female mosquito to its offspring in nature. The occurrence of concomitant circulation of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV in Ae. aegypti from a single study region is another finding of this article. Finally, LIRAa seems to not only estimate vector infestation but also to predict circulation of arboviruses.
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A Prospective Study Conducted Among Participants Reporting Acute Febrile Illness in a Cohort of Periurban and Rural Cambodians. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shrestha P, Dahal P, Ogbonnaa-Njoku C, Das D, Stepniewska K, Thomas NV, Hopkins H, Crump JA, Bell D, Newton PN, Ashley EA, Guérin PJ. Non-malarial febrile illness: a systematic review of published aetiological studies and case reports from Southern Asia and South-eastern Asia, 1980-2015. BMC Med 2020; 18:299. [PMID: 32951591 PMCID: PMC7504862 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the absence of definitive diagnosis, healthcare providers are likely to prescribe empirical antibacterials to those who test negative for malaria. This problem is of critical importance in Southern Asia (SA) and South-eastern Asia (SEA) where high levels of antimicrobial consumption and high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance have been reported. To improve management and guide further diagnostic test development, better understanding is needed of the true causative agents of fever and their geographical variability. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of published literature (1980-2015) to characterise the spectrum of pathogens causing non-malarial febrile illness in SA and SEA. We searched six databases in English and French languages: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health (CABI) database, WHO Global Health Library, PASCAL, and Bulletin de la Société Française de Parasitologie (BDSP). Selection criteria included reporting on an infection or infections with a confirmed diagnosis, defined as pathogens detected in or cultured from samples from normally sterile sites, or serological evidence of current or past infection. RESULTS A total of 29,558 records from 19 countries in SA and SEA were screened, of which 2410 (8.1%) met the selection criteria. Bacterial aetiologies were reported in 1235 (51.2%) articles, viral in 846 (35.1%), parasitic in 132 (5.5%), and fungal in 54 (2.2%), and 143 (6.0%) articles reported more than one pathogen group. In descending order of frequency, Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and coagulase negative Staphylococcus were the commonly reported bacteria, while dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus were common viral pathogens reported. Reports of rarely reported or emerging pathogens included a case report of Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) in India in 2010 and reports of Nipah virus in Singapore and India. CONCLUSIONS This review summarises the reported non-malaria pathogens that may cause febrile illness in SA and SEA. The findings emphasise the need of standardising the reporting of aetiological studies to develop effective, evidence-based fever management and improved surveillance. Research and development of diagnostic tools would benefit from up-to-date epidemiological reporting of the regional diversities of non-malaria fever aetiologies. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration, CRD42016049281.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojan Shrestha
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), University of Oxford, NDMRB, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Prabin Dahal
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), University of Oxford, NDMRB, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chinwe Ogbonnaa-Njoku
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), University of Oxford, NDMRB, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Debashish Das
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), University of Oxford, NDMRB, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kasia Stepniewska
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), University of Oxford, NDMRB, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel V. Thomas
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), University of Oxford, NDMRB, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heidi Hopkins
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - John A. Crump
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Paul N. Newton
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), University of Oxford, NDMRB, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT UK
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Elizabeth A. Ashley
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Philippe J. Guérin
- Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO), University of Oxford, NDMRB, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology–Central American, Caribbean and Andean Rheumatology Association Consensus-Conference Endorsements and Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chikungunya-Related Inflammatory Arthropathies in Latin America. J Clin Rheumatol 2019; 25:101-107. [DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Konongoi SL, Nyunja A, Ofula V, Owaka S, Koka H, Koskei E, Eyase F, Langat D, Mancuso J, Lutomiah J, Sang R. Human and entomologic investigations of chikungunya outbreak in Mandera, Northeastern Kenya, 2016. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205058. [PMID: 30308064 PMCID: PMC6181335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya is a reemerging vector borne pathogen associated with severe morbidity in affected populations. Lamu, along the Kenyan coast was affected by a major chikungunya outbreak in 2004. Twelve years later, we report on entomologic investigations and laboratory confirmed chikungunya cases in northeastern Kenya. Patient blood samples were received at the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) viral hemorrhagic fever laboratory and the immunoglobulin M enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (IgM ELISA) was used to test for the presence of IgM antibodies against chikungunya and dengue. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) utilizing flavivirus, alphavirus and chikungunya specific primers were used to detect acute infections and representative PCR positive samples sequenced to confirm the circulating strain. Immature mosquitoes were collected from water-holding containers indoors and outdoors in the affected areas in northeastern Kenya. A total of 189 human samples were tested; 126 from Kenya and 63 from Somalia. 52.9% (100/189) tested positive for Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) by either IgM ELISA or RT-PCR. Sequence analysis of selected samples revealed that the virus was closely related to that from China (2010). 29% (55/189) of the samples, almost all from northeastern Kenya or with a history of travel to northern Kenya, tested positive for dengue IgM antibodies. Entomologic risk assessment revealed high house, container and Breteau indices of, 14.5, 41.9 and 17.1% respectively. Underground water storage tanks were the most abundant, 30.1%, of which 77.4% were infested with Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. These findings confirm the presence of active chikungunya infections in the northeastern parts of Kenya. The detection of dengue IgM antibodies concurrently with chikungunya virus circulation emphasizes on the need for improved surveillance systems and diagnostic algorithms with the capacity to capture multiple causes of arbovirus infections as these two viruses share common vectors and eco-systems. In addition sustained entomological surveillance and vector control programs targeting most productive containers are needed to monitor changes in vector densities, for early detection of the viruses and initiate vector control efforts to prevent possible outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Limbaso Konongoi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Albert Nyunja
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victor Ofula
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Owaka
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hellen Koka
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edith Koskei
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Eyase
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate, Nairobi, Kenya
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Langat
- Kenya Ministry of Health -Division of Disease Surveillance and Response, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Mancuso
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joel Lutomiah
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosemary Sang
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate, Nairobi, Kenya
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Yen PS, James A, Li JC, Chen CH, Failloux AB. Synthetic miRNAs induce dual arboviral-resistance phenotypes in the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Commun Biol 2018; 1:11. [PMID: 30271898 PMCID: PMC6053081 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-017-0011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne arboviruses are responsible for recent dengue, chikungunya, and Zika pandemics. The yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, plays an important role in the transmission of all three viruses. We developed a miRNA-based approach that results in a dual resistance phenotype in mosquitoes to dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. The target viruses are from two distinct arboviral families and the antiviral mechanism is designed to function through the endogenous miRNA pathway in infected mosquitoes. Challenge experiments showed reductions in viral transmission efficiency of transgenic mosquitoes. Several components of mosquito fitness were examined, and transgenic mosquitoes with the PUb promoter showed minor fitness costs at all developing stages. Further development of these strains with gene editing tools could make them candidates for releases in population replacement strategies for sustainable control of multiple arbovirus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shi Yen
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Anthony James
- Departments of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jian-Chiuan Li
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Unit of Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, 75015, France.
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Clinical, Serological, and Molecular Observations from a Case Series Study during the Asian Lineage Zika Virus Outbreak in Grenada during 2016. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2018; 2018:4635647. [PMID: 29623138 PMCID: PMC5829423 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4635647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the spatial and temporal distribution of cases, demographic characteristics of patients, and clinical manifestations of Zika virus (ZIKV) during the 2016 outbreak in Grenada. The first reported case was recorded in St. Andrew Parish in April, and the last reported case was seen in November, with peak transmission occurring in the last week of June, based on test results. Data were collected from a total of 514 patients, of whom 207 (40%) tested positive for ZIKV. No evidence was found that testing positive for ZIKV infection was related to age, gender, or pregnancy status. Clinical presentation with rash (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.5 to 3.7) or with lymphadenopathy (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.9) were the only reported symptoms consistent with testing positive for ZIKV infection. During the Zika outbreak, the infection rate was 20 clinical cases per 10,000 in the population compared to 41 cases per 10,000 during the chikungunya outbreak in Grenada in 2014 and 17 cases per 10,000 during the dengue outbreak in 2001-2002. Even though the country has employed vector control programs, with no apparent decrease in infection rates, it appears that new abatement approaches are needed to minimize morbidity in future arbovirus outbreaks.
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Edwards T, Signor LDCC, Williams C, Donis E, Cuevas LE, Adams ER. Co-infections with Chikungunya and Dengue Viruses, Guatemala, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:2003-2005. [PMID: 27767914 PMCID: PMC5088021 DOI: 10.3201/eid2211.161017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We screened serum samples referred to the national reference laboratory in Guatemala that were positive for chikungunya or dengue viruses in June 2015. Co-infection with both viruses was detected by reverse transcription PCR in 46 (32%) of 144 samples. Specimens should be tested for both arboviruses to detect co-infections.
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Abdullah M, Tazeen A, Hisamuddin M, Naqvi IH, Verma HN, Ahmed A, Parveen S. A clinical report on mixed infection of malaria, dengue and chikungunya from New Delhi, India. Virusdisease 2017; 28:422-424. [PMID: 29291234 PMCID: PMC5747841 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne infections like malaria, dengue and chikungunya fever are transmitted by mosquitoes. The present report describes an unusual case of mixed infection with malaria, dengue and chikungunya viruses in a 21 year old male patient from New Delhi, India during monsoon season of 2016. The malarial fever was diagnosed by thin slide microscopy and antigen test. Chikungunya virus IgM was detected in the sample by the card test. Dengue and chikungunya viruses were further confirmed by RT-PCR for CprM and E1 gene respectively. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the study dengue virus serotype 3 sequence in the genotype III. Thus, the mono infections can not be differentiated from concurrent infections on the basis of clinical symptoms, the appropriate laboratory diagnosis is essential for the accurate pathogen confirmation. Precise and appropriate identification of the multiple pathogens in such clinical cases will assist in the effective management of these arthropod mediated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abdullah
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Schools of Life and Basic Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Ayesha Tazeen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Malik Hisamuddin
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Schools of Life and Basic Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Irshad H. Naqvi
- Dr. M.A. Ansari Health Centre, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Hirday N. Verma
- Schools of Life and Basic Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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14
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Cheema S, Maisonneuve P, Weber I, Fernandez-Luque L, Abraham A, Alrouh H, Sheikh J, Lowenfels AB, Mamtani R. Knowledge and perceptions about Zika virus in a Middle East country. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:524. [PMID: 28747174 PMCID: PMC5530539 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus, an emerging serious infectious disease, is a threat to persons living or travelling to regions where it is currently endemic, and also to contacts of infected individuals. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge about this new public health threat to persons residing in a Middle Eastern country. METHODS We conducted a survey at several international universities in Qatar to assess knowledge and awareness about this disease. An adapted version of the survey was also conducted using online channels from Qatar. RESULTS The median age of the 446 participants, was 25 years, 280 (63%) were females, and 32% were from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) or other Middle East countries. Based upon their knowledge about availability of a vaccine, role of mosquitoes and other modes of transmission, and disease complications, we classified respondent's knowledge as "poor" (66%), "basic" (27%) or "broad" (7%). Forty-five (16%) persons with poor knowledge considered themselves to be well-informed. CONCLUSIONS This report from a sample of persons associated with Middle East educational complex, reveals inadequate knowledge about Zika virus, a serious emerging infectious disease. Although few cases have been reported from the region, future cases are possible, since this area is a transit hub connecting currently infected regions to North America, Europe and Asia. As a preventive measure, an educational program about Zika virus would be valuable, especially for individuals or family members travelling to afflicted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box: 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Amit Abraham
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box: 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hekmat Alrouh
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box: 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Javaid Sheikh
- Office of the Dean, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Albert B. Lowenfels
- Department of Surgery and Department of Family Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY USA
| | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box: 24144, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Furuya-Kanamori L, Liang S, Milinovich G, Magalhaes RJS, Clements ACA, Hu W, Brasil P, Frentiu FD, Dunning R, Yakob L. Erratum to: Co-distribution and co-infection of chikungunya and dengue viruses. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:188. [PMID: 27129475 PMCID: PMC4851825 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Furuya-Kanamori
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Shaohong Liang
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Gabriel Milinovich
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
- UQ Children's Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francesca D Frentiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Rebecca Dunning
- Formerly School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Laith Yakob
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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