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Echeverria G, Rueda V, Espinoza W, Rosero C, Zumárraga MJ, de Waard JH. First Case Reports of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease in Ecuador: Important Lessons to Learn. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040507. [PMID: 37111393 PMCID: PMC10142742 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung infections are often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, which can lead to ineffective antibiotic treatments. In this report, we present three cases of NTM lung infections in Ecuador that were initially diagnosed and treated as tuberculosis based on the results of sputum smear microscopy. The patients, all male, included two immunocompetent individuals and one HIV-positive subject. Unfortunately, sputum culture was not initiated until late in the course of the disease and the cause of the lung infection, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), was only identified after the patients had either passed away or were lost to follow-up. These cases are the first documented cases of NTM lung infections in the English medical literature from Ecuador. We emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis of NTM infections by culture and identification to species level. Sputum smear staining alone cannot differentiate between mycobacterial species, which can lead to misidentification and ineffective treatments. Additionally, reporting NTM pulmonary disease as a notifiable disease to national TB control programs is recommended to obtain accurate prevalence data. These data are critical in determining the importance of this public health problem and the necessary actions needed to address it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Echeverria
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170518, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1063ACV, Argentina
- División Investigación y Desarrollo, BioGENA, Quito 170509, Ecuador
| | - Veronica Rueda
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170518, Ecuador
| | - Wilson Espinoza
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito 170401, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Rosero
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito 170401, Ecuador
| | - Martín J Zumárraga
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, IABIMO, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1063ACV, Argentina
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina "Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1010, Venezuela
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 180602, Ecuador
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Sarhan MS, Wurst C, Tzankov A, Bircher AJ, Wittig H, Briellmann T, Augsburger M, Hotz G, Zink A, Maixner F. A nontuberculous mycobacterium could solve the mystery of the lady from the Franciscan church in Basel, Switzerland. BMC Biol 2023; 21:9. [PMID: 36747166 PMCID: PMC9903526 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1975, the mummified body of a female has been found in the Franciscan church in Basel, Switzerland. Molecular and genealogic analyses unveiled her identity as Anna Catharina Bischoff (ACB), a member of the upper class of post-reformed Basel, who died at the age of 68 years, in 1787. The reason behind her death is still a mystery, especially that toxicological analyses revealed high levels of mercury, a common treatment against infections at that time, in different body organs. The computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis showed bone lesions in the femurs, the rib cage, and the skull, which refers to a potential syphilis case. RESULTS Although we could not detect any molecular signs of the syphilis-causing pathogen Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, we realized high prevalence of a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species in brain tissue sample. The genome analysis of this NTM displayed richness of virulence genes and toxins, and similarity to other infectious NTM, known to infect immunocompromised patients. In addition, it displayed potential resistance to mercury compounds, which might indicate a selective advantage against the applied treatment. This suggests that ACB might have suffered from an atypical mycobacteriosis during her life, which could explain the mummy's bone lesion and high mercury concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The study of this mummy exemplifies the importance of employing differential diagnostic approaches in paleopathological analysis, by combining classical anthropological, radiological, histological, and toxicological observations with molecular analysis. It represents a proof-of-concept for the discovery of not-yet-described ancient pathogens in well-preserved specimens, using de novo metagenomic assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Sarhan
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Christina Wurst
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Bircher
- Department of Allergology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Holger Wittig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Briellmann
- Citizen Science Basel; formerly Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Augsburger
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Hotz
- Natural History Museum Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albert Zink
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Frank Maixner
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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Hidekawa C, Yoshimi R, Kishimoto D, Kato H, Mitsuhashi M, Sakurai N, Sato Y, Uehara T, Iizuka Y, Komiya T, Hamada N, Nagai H, Soejima Y, Kamiyama R, Takase-Minegishi K, Kirino Y, Sakagami T, Nakajima H. Anti-interferon-γ Antibody-seropositive Disseminated Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection Mimicking POEMS and TAFRO Syndromes. Intern Med 2022; 61:2377-2385. [PMID: 35022342 PMCID: PMC9424072 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8366-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (DNTM) is typically observed in immunocompromised hosts. Recently, it has been reported that healthy individuals with serum neutralizing autoantibodies for interferon (IFN)-γ can also develop DNTM. We herein report a case of anti-IFN-γ antibody-seropositive DNTM caused by Mycobacterium kansasii with symptoms mimicking TAFRO or POEMS syndrome, including anasarca, organomegaly, skin pigmentation, polyneuropathy, osteosclerotic change, thrombocytopenia, serum M protein, high C-reactive protein level, and reticulin fibrosis. The combination of antimicrobial chemotherapy with glucocorticoid and intravenous immunoglobulin improved his symptoms. Glucocorticoids may be an effective method of suppressing the production of anti-IFN-γ antibodies in DNTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Hidekawa
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshimi
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Daiga Kishimoto
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kato
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan
| | - Masaki Mitsuhashi
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Natsuki Sakurai
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeaki Uehara
- Department of Rheumatology, Chigasaki City Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuki Iizuka
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takaaki Komiya
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoki Hamada
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideto Nagai
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yutaro Soejima
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Reikou Kamiyama
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takase-Minegishi
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takuro Sakagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
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Genomic, Metabolic, and Immunological Characterization of GMP-Grade Mycobacterium phlei. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0007022. [PMID: 35727046 PMCID: PMC9430659 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00070-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium phlei (M. phlei) is an understudied microbe with medical values as an immunomodulating agent. Here, we establish an industrial strain of M. phlei, CUD, and characterize its genomic, metabolic, and immunological profiles. The established strain has been stably passed for more than a decade, indicated by next-generation sequencing of its 5.3 Mb genome. We show that the intramuscular inoculation of heat-inactivated CUD in immunocompetent mice is well tolerated, and can mount immunological responses. Immunophenotyping demonstrates induced innate and adaptive immune responses in peripheral blood, spleen, and inguinal lymph nodes of CUD-treated mice. Using GC-TOF-MS, we find that the metabolomic profiles of different batches are highly concordant. These results demonstrate a highly reproducible production of M. phlei under GMP conditions. IMPORTANCE Heat-inactivated M. phlei demonstrates promising efficacy to treat BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients in clinical trials. However, lack of GMP-grade heat-inactivated M. phlei hampers further clinical investigations. Here, we described a GMP-grade, heat-inactivated M. phlei product, and presented initial characterization of its safety and immunomodulating properties. This product will serve as a starting point for further preclinical studies as well as clinical trials such as in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat bladder cancer.
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Tang M, Pan M, Qiu Y, Huang J, Zeng W, Zhang J. Sweet’s Syndrome Accompanied by Coinfection with Multiple Pathogens and Disseminated Mycobacterium phlei Infection Presenting with Osteolytic Destruction During 12 Years of Follow-Up: A Rare Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2459-2467. [PMID: 35592103 PMCID: PMC9112167 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s360063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) are closely related to the disseminated infection of multiple pathogens. Mycobacterium phlei (M. phlei) is a nonpathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and M. phlei infection of the bone is extremely rare. We report a rare case of high-titer AIGAs presenting with Sweet’s syndrome (SS) accompanied by opportunistic coinfection with multiple pathogens during 12 years of follow-up. The patient in this case also developed disseminated M. phlei infection with osteolytic destruction after treatment for SS. Case Presentation A 68-year-old Chinese woman was admitted to our hospital in August 2009 due to fever and cough with expectoration for 3 months. The patient was successively infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae, herpes zoster virus and Candida. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed recurrent consolidations in different lung fields. After 15 months of antimicrobial treatment, the patient experienced partial recovery. In September 2010, the patient was pathologically diagnosed with SS due to the presence of multiple rashes. After prednisone and thalidomide treatment, the rashes subsided, and the pulmonary lesions had completely absorbed. In May 2011, the patient was diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis and was administered anti-tuberculosis therapy for 3 months without improvement. NTM was subsequently cultured from her sputum and chest wall pus, and she improved after 20 months of anti-NTM therapy. In March 2016, the patient developed osteolytic destruction of the C7-T2 vertebral bodies with a back abscess. NTM was eventually cultured from the dorsal abscess pus and further identified as M. phlei. High-titer AIGAs were detected in the patient’s serum. After another round of aggressive anti-NTM therapy, the patient was finally cured. Conclusion Patients with AIGA-associated anti-cytokine autoantibody disease can present with multiple opportunistic infections and SS involving the lung. AIGA-associated immunodeficiency leads to infection with nonpathogenic M. phlei, which is refractory, can cause relapse, and even leads to osteolytic destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mianluan Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Tuberculosis Ward, Nanning Fourth People’s Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wen Zeng, Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8618589883694, Fax +86771-5350031, Email
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Jianquan Zhang, Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613978123845, Fax +86755-23482484, Email
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Zhang K, Li K, Xin R, Han Y, Guo Z, Zou W, Wei W, Cui X, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Antibiotic resistomes in water supply reservoirs sediments of central China: main biotic drivers and distribution pattern. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37712-37721. [PMID: 35066838 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water supply reservoirs form one of the critical drinking water resources. Their water quality directly affects human health. However, reservoir sediments have not received adequate attention in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) dissemination, though they reflect long-term ARGs contamination of water supply reservoirs. Moreover, the physicochemical parameters in water supply reservoir sediments are generally better than those in the other media. Thus, the main ARGs biotic drivers of the media would demonstrate their unique characteristics. In this study, sediment samples were collected from 10 water supply reservoirs in central China, and the antibiotic resistomes were determined with the metagenomic method. As revealed from the results, 174 ARGs (18 ARG types) were detected in the reservoir sediment. Besides, multidrug-, sulfonamide-, and vancomycin-ARGs were the dominant ARGs in the sediment samples. The macrolide-resistant Microcystis was prevalent (100% detection frequency with 0.35% average percentage) in reservoir sediments and posed potential risks to human health. Furthermore, the results of the Mantel test and VPA demonstrated that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were the more essential biotic drivers in ARG contents of reservoir sediments rather than the bacteria community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China.
| | - Kuangjia Li
- Development Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources of People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Rui Xin
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ya Han
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory On Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Xiangchao Cui
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Zhongshuai Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, No.237, Nanhu Road, Shihe District, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Incorrect diagnoses in patients with neutralizing anti-interferon-gamma-autoantibodies. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1684.e1-1684.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Ghielmetti G, Hilbe M, Friedel U, Menegatti C, Bacciarini L, Stephan R, Bloemberg G. Mycobacterial infections in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Southern Switzerland: Diagnostic improvements, epidemiological situation and zoonotic potential. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:573-586. [PMID: 32640107 PMCID: PMC8247353 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of mycobacterial infections in different hosts and their implication as obligate or opportunistic pathogens remain mainly unclear. In addition to the well-known pathogenic members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis - complex (MTBC), over 180 non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species have been described. Although the large majority of the NTM is assumed to be non-pathogenic to most individuals, an increasing trend in NTM infections has been observed over the last decades. The reasons of such augmentation are probably more than one: improved laboratory diagnostics, an increasing number of immunocompromised patients and individuals with lung damage are some of the possible aspects. Mandibular lymph nodes of 176 hunted wild boars from the pre-Alpine region of Canton Ticino, Switzerland, were collected. Following gross inspection, each lymph node was subjected to culture and to an IS6110 based real-time PCR specific for MTBC members. Histology was performed of a selection of lymph nodes (n = 14) presenting gross visible lesions. Moreover, accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) species identification was compared with sequence analysis of a combination of housekeeping genes. Mycobacteria of the MTBC were detected in 2.8% of the wild boars (n = 5; CI95% 1.2-6.5) and were all confirmed to be Mycobacterium microti by molecular methods. In addition, based on the examined lymph nodes, NTM were detected in 57.4% (n = 101; CI95% 50.0-64.5) of the wild boars originating from the study area. The 111 isolates belonged to 24 known species and three potentially undescribed Mycobacterium species. M. avium subsp. hominissuis thereby predominated (22.5%) and was found in lymph nodes with and without macroscopic changes. Overall, the present findings show that, with the exception of undescribed Mycobacterium species where identification was not possible (3.6%; 4/111), MALDI-TOF MS had a high concordance rate (90.1%; 100/111 isolates) to the sequence-based reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ghielmetti
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ute Friedel
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Bloemberg
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, National Reference Center for Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Listeria, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mycobacteria-Based Vaccines as Immunotherapy for Non-urological Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071802. [PMID: 32635668 PMCID: PMC7408281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The arsenal against different types of cancers has increased impressively in the last decade. The detailed knowledge of the tumor microenvironment enables it to be manipulated in order to help the immune system fight against tumor cells by using specific checkpoint inhibitors, cell-based treatments, targeted antibodies, and immune stimulants. In fact, it is widely known that the first immunotherapeutic tools as immune stimulants for cancer treatment were bacteria and still are; specifically, the use of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) continues to be the treatment of choice for preventing cancer recurrence and progression in non-invasive bladder cancer. BCG and also other mycobacteria or their components are currently under study for the immunotherapeutic treatment of different malignancies. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical assays using mycobacteria to treat non-urological cancers, providing a wide knowledge of the beneficial applications of these microorganisms to manipulate the tumor microenvironment aiming at tumor clearance.
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Chin KL, Sarmiento ME, Alvarez-Cabrera N, Norazmi MN, Acosta A. Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: current state and future management. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:799-826. [PMID: 31853742 PMCID: PMC7222044 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a trend of increasing incidence in pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (PNTM) together with a decrease in tuberculosis (TB) incidence, particularly in developed countries. The prevalence of PNTM in underdeveloped and developing countries remains unclear as there is still a lack of detection methods that could clearly diagnose PNTM applicable in these low-resource settings. Since non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental pathogens, the vicinity favouring host-pathogen interactions is known as important predisposing factor for PNTM. The ongoing changes in world population, as well as socio-political and economic factors, are linked to the rise in the incidence of PNTM. Development is an important factor for the improvement of population well-being, but it has also been linked, in general, to detrimental environmental consequences, including the rise of emergent (usually neglected) infectious diseases, such as PNTM. The rise of neglected PNTM infections requires the expansion of the current efforts on the development of diagnostics, therapies and vaccines for mycobacterial diseases, which at present, are mainly focused on TB. This review discuss the current situation of PNTM and its predisposing factors, as well as the efforts and challenges for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Chin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Maria E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nadine Alvarez-Cabrera
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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