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Echeverría G, Zumárraga MJ, Proaño-Pérez F, Blasco FB, de Waard JH. Assessing the impact of various tuberculin PPD brands on bovine tuberculosis diagnosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5155. [PMID: 38431678 PMCID: PMC10908831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Although several brands of tuberculin purified protein derivatives (PPDs) are available for diagnosing bovine tuberculosis (bTB), comparative studies to determine their diagnostic accuracy are infrequent. In Ecuador we compared two different PPD brands for bTB diagnosis using skin testing and measuring skin thickness increase. Additionally, we evaluated four PPD brands, including those used for skin testing, in the Bovine Tuberculosis Interferon Gamma Test (IFN-γ test) measuring IFN-γ induction in whole blood. The study included 17 naturally tuberculosis-infected PPD and IFN-γ test positive bovines. Both the field and laboratory results showed significant differences in classifying the 17 bovines as bTB positive or negative. We hypothesize that several factors, such as the genetic background of the cows, sensitization to environmental mycobacteria, M. bovis strains involved in the bTB infection, and the manufacturing procedures of the PPDs, could have influenced the immune reaction toward the different tuberculin PPD brands. Our study emphasizes the necessity for comparative studies aimed at determining the diagnostic accuracy of PPD brands for bTB diagnosis as well as the development of standardized methods for PPD production and potency determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Echeverría
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- División Investigación y Desarrollo, BioGENA, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martín J Zumárraga
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, IABIMO, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Freddy Proaño-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Barceló Blasco
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.
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Araujo Z, Camargo M, Moreno Pérez DA, Wide A, Pacheco D, Díaz Arévalo D, Celis Giraldo CT, Salas S, de Waard JH, Patarroyo MA. Differential NRAMP1gene's D543N genotype frequency: Increased risk of contracting tuberculosis among Venezuelan populations. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:484-491. [PMID: 37380553 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
NRAMP1 and VDR gene polymorphisms have been variably associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) amongst populations having different genetic background. NRAMP1 and VDR gene variants' association with susceptibility to active infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was analyzed in the Warao Amerindian population, an ethnic population from Venezuela's Orinoco delta region. Genomic DNA was extracted from individuals with and without TB to evaluate genetic polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Four NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms were analyzed: D543N (rs17235409), 3' UTR (rs17235416), INT4 (rs3731865), and 274C/T (rs2276631), and one VDR gene polymorphism: FokI (rs2228570). The results showed that the genotypes D543N-A/A, 3'UTR-TGTG+/+, INT4-C/C, and 274C/T-T/T of known polymorphism in the NRAMP1 gene, as well as the genotypes FokI-F/f and FokI-f/f in the VDR gene were most often found in indigenous Warao with active TB. Binomial logistic regression was used for evaluating associations between polymorphisms and risk of contracting TB, an association between NRAMP1-D543N-A/A genotype distribution and TB susceptibility was found in Warao Amerindians. Regarding Venezuelan populations having different genetic backgrounds; statistically significant TB associations concerning NRAMP1-D543N-A/A, INT4-C/C and 3'UTR-TGTG+/+ variant genotype distributions in Warao Amerindians (indigenous) compared to Creole (admixed non-indigenous population) individuals were found. In conclusion, the results thus indicated that the association between NRAMP1-D543N-A/A genotype and TB in Warao Amerindians could support such allele's role in host susceptibility to Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Araujo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 4043, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela.
| | - Milena Camargo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Darwin A Moreno Pérez
- Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222 No. 55-37, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Albina Wide
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Dailobivxon Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 4043, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela
| | - Diana Díaz Arévalo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carmen T Celis Giraldo
- Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222 No. 55-37, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra Salas
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 4043, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, Bogota, Colombia; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Bogotá, Colombia; Health Sciences Division, Main Campus, Universidad Santo Tomás, Carrera 9 No. 51-11, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Vasco-Julio D, Huilca-Ibarra M, Ledesma Y, Echeverria G, Guerrero-Freire S, Jagielski T, Bastidas-Caldes C, de Waard JH. The Development of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Fast and Cost-Effective Identification of the Five Most Significant Pathogenic Prototheca Species. Pathogens 2023; 12:1018. [PMID: 37623978 PMCID: PMC10459208 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A multiplex PCR system (m-PCR) has been developed to accurately differentiate the five most important pathogenic Prototheca species, including the three species associated with infection in dairy cattle (P. ciferrii, P. blaschkeae, and P. bovis) and the two species associated with human infections (P. wickerhamii and P. cutis). The method is low-cost since it employs a simple "heat-shock" method in a TE buffer for DNA extraction. Furthermore, it requires only primers, a Taq polymerase, an agarose gel, and a molecular weight marker for identification. The method was based on published Prototheca cytochrome B sequences and was evaluated using reference strains from each of the five Prototheca species. The validity of the method was confirmed by identifying 50 strains isolated from milk samples. The specificity was tested in silico and with experimental PCR trials, showing no cross-reactions with other Prototheca species, as well as with bacteria, fungi, cows, algae, animals, or humans. The method could detect mixed infections involving two or three Prototheca species, providing a rapid test that delivers results within three hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vasco-Julio
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (D.V.-J.); (M.H.-I.); (Y.L.); (C.B.-C.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca C.P. 62050, Mexico
| | - María Huilca-Ibarra
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (D.V.-J.); (M.H.-I.); (Y.L.); (C.B.-C.)
| | - Yanua Ledesma
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (D.V.-J.); (M.H.-I.); (Y.L.); (C.B.-C.)
| | - Gustavo Echeverria
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170518, Ecuador;
- División Investigación y Desarrollo, BioGENA, Quito 170509, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1063ACV, Argentina;
| | - Salome Guerrero-Freire
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1063ACV, Argentina;
- Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Tomasz Jagielski
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (D.V.-J.); (M.H.-I.); (Y.L.); (C.B.-C.)
- INABIO—Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Parque La Carolina, Quito 170135, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (D.V.-J.); (M.H.-I.); (Y.L.); (C.B.-C.)
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Bastidas-Caldes C, Cisneros-Vásquez E, Zambrano A, Mosquera-Maza A, Calero-Cáceres W, Rey J, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto M, Calvopiña M, de Waard JH. Co-Harboring of Beta-Lactamases and mcr-1 Genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Healthy Carriers and Backyard Animals in Rural Communities in Ecuador. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050856. [PMID: 37237759 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have addressed drug resistance of Enterobacterales in rural communities in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the coexistence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains carrying the mcr-1 gene in rural communities in Ecuador from healthy humans and their backyard animals. Sixty-two strains, thirty E. coli and thirty-two K. pneumoniae strains carrying the mcr-1 gene were selected from a previous study. PCR were performed for the presence of ESBLs and carbapenemase genes. The strains were further characterized, and the genetic relationship was studied with multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST) of seven housekeeping genes. Fifty-nine of the sixty-two mcr-1 isolates (95%) harbored at least on β-lactam resistance gene. The most prevalent ESBL genes were the blaTEM genes (present in in 80% of the E. coli strains) and the blaSHV gene (present in 84% of the K. pneumoniae strains). MSLT analysis revealed 28 different sequence types (ST); 15 for E. coli and 12 for K. pneumoniae, with most ST never described in humans and animals. The coexistence of mcr-1 and β-lactams resistant genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains is alarming and threatens the efficacy of last-resort antibiotics. Our findings highlight backyard animals as a reservoir of mcr-1/β-lactams resistant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - Emily Cisneros-Vásquez
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - Antonella Zambrano
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | | | - William Calero-Cáceres
- UTA RAM One Health, Department of Food and Biotechnology Science and Engineering, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato 180103, Ecuador
| | - Joaquín Rey
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa y Epidemiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Yoshimasa Yamamoto
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamamoto
- Health Administration Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Manuel Calvopiña
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
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Echeverria G, Rueda V, Espinoza W, Rosero C, Zumárraga MJ, de Waard JH. First Case Reports of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Lung Disease in Ecuador: Important Lessons to Learn. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040507. [PMID: 37111393 PMCID: PMC10142742 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung infections are often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, which can lead to ineffective antibiotic treatments. In this report, we present three cases of NTM lung infections in Ecuador that were initially diagnosed and treated as tuberculosis based on the results of sputum smear microscopy. The patients, all male, included two immunocompetent individuals and one HIV-positive subject. Unfortunately, sputum culture was not initiated until late in the course of the disease and the cause of the lung infection, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), was only identified after the patients had either passed away or were lost to follow-up. These cases are the first documented cases of NTM lung infections in the English medical literature from Ecuador. We emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis of NTM infections by culture and identification to species level. Sputum smear staining alone cannot differentiate between mycobacterial species, which can lead to misidentification and ineffective treatments. Additionally, reporting NTM pulmonary disease as a notifiable disease to national TB control programs is recommended to obtain accurate prevalence data. These data are critical in determining the importance of this public health problem and the necessary actions needed to address it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Echeverria
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170518, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1063ACV, Argentina
- División Investigación y Desarrollo, BioGENA, Quito 170509, Ecuador
| | - Veronica Rueda
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170518, Ecuador
| | - Wilson Espinoza
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito 170401, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Rosero
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito 170401, Ecuador
| | - Martín J Zumárraga
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, IABIMO, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires C1063ACV, Argentina
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina "Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1010, Venezuela
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 180602, Ecuador
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Sisco MC, Brum Fontes AN, Lessmann LC, Rada E, Prado Palacios YY, Vasconcellos SEG, de Waard JH, Suffys PN. Antimicrobial resistance and genotyping of Mycobacterium leprae in Venezuela. Front Trop Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1067439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease that leads to physical disability and social discrimination. The active surveillance of new cases and vigilance for drug resistance can decrease the incidence, and improve the clinical outcomes of people affected by it. We analyzed, with molecular biology techniques, a set of skin biopsy samples from 25 Venezuelan patients. The patients had been diagnosed with leprosy in 2014 and early 2015, and 15 were relapse cases. The samples were tested for molecular drug resistance to dapsone, rifampicin, and fluoroquinolones. In addition, we performed molecular epidemiology analysis through multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing. We did not find evidence of drug resistance and 76% of the samples (n = 16) had isolates belonging to SNP type 3. Genotype profiles allowed us to rule out the possibility of re-infection in a patient with persistent symptoms after treatment, as well as that of household transmission in two more patients. Although our sampling is relatively small, very similar or even identical Mycobacterium leprae genotypes were observed in Miranda State. The presence of this cluster is highly suggestive of high rates of local transmission and, in turn, the need to better control this disease. Finally, the copy number distribution of minisatellite 18–8 in a considerable number of SNP type 3 strains strongly suggests the presence of a sublineage of this disease that is particular to Venezuela.
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Bastidas-Caldes C, Guerrero-Freire S, Ortuño-Gutiérrez N, Sunyoto T, Gomes-Dias CA, Ramírez MS, Calero-Cáceres W, Harries AD, Rey J, de Waard JH, Calvopiña M. Colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans and backyard animals in Ecuador. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e48. [PMID: 37082531 PMCID: PMC10105605 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Colistin is an antibiotic of last resort for treating serious Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, the misuse of colistin, especially as an animal growth promoter, has contributed to increasing antimicrobial resistance, mediated mainly through plasmid transfer of the mcr-1 gene. This study assessed the prevalence of phenotypic and molecular colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ecuador in healthy humans and their chickens and pigs. Methods Fecal samples were collected from humans and their chickens and pigs in two rural coastal and Amazon regions between April and August 2020. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified using conventional techniques. Phenotypic resistance was determined using the broth microdilution technique, and the mcr-1 gene was detected using conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 438 fecal samples were obtained from 137 humans, 147 pigs and 154 chickens. The prevalence of E. coli isolates was 86.3% (378/438) and K. pneumoniae, 37.4% (164/438). Overall, the mcr-1 gene was found in 90% (340/378) of E. coli isolates, with higher prevalences found in isolates from coastal regions (96.5%, 191/198), humans (95.6%, 111/116) and chickens (91.8%, 123/134); for K. pneumoniae, the gene was found in 19.5% (32/164) of isolates, with equal distribution between regions and hosts. Only four isolates, two E. coli and two K. pneumoniae, showed phenotypic resistance: mcr-1 was present in both E. coli strains but absent in the K. pneumoniae strains. Conclusions Despite a low prevalence of phenotypic resistance to colistin, the high prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in E. coli is of concern. Ecuador's ban on using colistin in animal husbandry must be enforced, and continual monitoring of the situation should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- One Health Research GroupBiotecnologíaFacultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA)Universidad de las Américas (UDLA)QuitoEcuadorOne Health Research Group, Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA), Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
- Carlos Bastidas-Caldes,
| | - Salomé Guerrero-Freire
- Programa de Doctorado de Ciencias VeterinariasFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentinaPrograma de Doctorado de Ciencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Temmy Sunyoto
- Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Centre BrusselsLuxembourg Operational Research UnitLuxembourgMédecins Sans Frontières Operational Centre Brussels, Luxembourg Operational Research Unit, Luxembourg
| | - Cícero Armídio Gomes-Dias
- Department of Basic Health SciencesFederal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreBrazilDepartment of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Soledad Ramírez
- Department of Biological ScienceCollege of Natural Sciences and MathematicsCalifornia State University FullertonFullertonCaliforniaUnited States of AmericaDepartment of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - William Calero-Cáceres
- Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UTA RAM) One HealthDepartment of Food and Biotechnology Science and EngineeringUniversidad Técnica de AmbatoAmbatoEcuadorUniversidad Técnica de Ambato-Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UTA RAM) One Health, Department of Food and Biotechnology Science and Engineering, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Anthony D. Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFranceInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - Joaquín Rey
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa y EpidemiologíaFacultad de VeterinariaUniversidad de ExtremaduraCáceresSpainUnidad de Patología Infecciosa y Epidemiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- One Health Research GroupFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de las Américas (UDLA)QuitoEcuadorOne Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Calvopiña
- One Health Research GroupFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de las Américas (UDLA)QuitoEcuadorOne Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
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Huilca-Ibarra MP, Vasco-Julio D, Ledesma Y, Guerrero-Freire S, Zurita J, Castillejo P, Barceló Blasco F, Yanez L, Changoluisa D, Echeverría G, Bastidas-Caldes C, de Waard JH. High Prevalence of Prototheca bovis Infection in Dairy Cattle with Chronic Mastitis in Ecuador. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120659. [PMID: 36548820 PMCID: PMC9784310 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Prototheca, a unicellular, non-photosynthetic, yeast-like microalgae, is a pathogen of concern for the dairy industry. It causes bovine mastitis that currently cannot be cured, and hence generates significant economic losses in milk production. In this study, for the first time in Ecuador, we identify Prototheca bovis as the etiologic agent of chronic mastitis in dairy cattle. Milk samples (n = 458) of cows with chronic mastitis were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Microscopy and cytB gene sequencing were used to identify Prototheca, whereby Prototheca bovis was isolated from 15.1% (n = 69) of the milk samples, one of the highest infection rates that can be found in the literature in a "non-outbreak" situation. No other Prototheca species were found. We were unable to isolate the alga from environmental samples. We showed that P. bovis was relatively resistant to disinfectants used to sterilize milking equipment on the cattle farms where it was isolated. We discuss how to avoid future infection and also hypothesize that the real prevalence of Prototheca infection in bovine mastitis is probably much higher than what was detected. We recommend a protocol to increase the diagnostic yield in the bacteriology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P. Huilca-Ibarra
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - David Vasco-Julio
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - Yanua Ledesma
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - Salome Guerrero-Freire
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - Jeannete Zurita
- Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito 170104, Ecuador
| | - Pablo Castillejo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Barceló Blasco
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Lisseth Yanez
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Darwin Changoluisa
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo Echeverría
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado en Salud Pública y Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +593-4168052488
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9
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Ledesma Y, Echeverría G, Claro-Almea FE, Silva D, Guerrero-Freire S, Rojas Y, Bastidas-Caldes C, Navarro JC, de Waard JH. The Re-Identification of Previously Unidentifiable Clinical Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Isolates Shows Great Species Diversity and the Presence of Other Acid-Fast Genera. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101159. [PMID: 36297216 PMCID: PMC9610484 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria that cannot be identified at the species level represent a challenge for clinical laboratories, as proper species assignment is key to implementing successful treatments or epidemiological studies. We re-identified forty-eight isolates of Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)-staining-positive "acid-fast bacilli" (AFB), which were isolated in a clinical laboratory and previously identified as Mycobacterium species but were unidentifiable at the species level with the hsp65 PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA). As most isolates also could not be identified confidently via 16S, hsp65, or rpoB DNA sequencing and a nBLAST search analysis, we employed a phylogenetic method for their identification using the sequences of the 16S rDNA, which resulted in the identification of most AFB and a Mycobacterium species diversity not found before in our laboratory. Most were rare species with only a few clinical reports. Moreover, although selected with the ZN staining as AFB, not all isolates belonged to the genus Mycobacterium, and we report for the first time in Latin America the isolation of Nocardia puris, Tsukamurella pulmosis, and Gordonia sputi from sputum samples of symptomatic patients. We conclude that ZN staining does not differentiate between the genus Mycobacterium and other genera of AFB. Moreover, there is a need for a simple and more accurate tree-based identification method for mycobacterial species. For this purpose, and in development in our lab, is a web-based identification system using a phylogenetic analysis (including all AFB genera) based on 16S rDNA sequences (and in the future multigene datasets) and the closest relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanua Ledesma
- Laboratorios de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo Echeverría
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Franklin E. Claro-Almea
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1010, Venezuela
| | - Douglas Silva
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1010, Venezuela
| | - Salomé Guerrero-Freire
- Laboratorios de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Yeimy Rojas
- Grupo de Microbiología Aplicada, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena 150102, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado en Salud Pública y Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, España
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Grupo de Enfermedades Emergentes, Ecoepidemiologia y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170107, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Laboratorios de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1010, Venezuela
- Correspondence:
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10
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Burgos G, Barrionuevo-Pérez K, Restrepo T, Tejera E, de Waard JH, Garzón-Salazar A, Gusmão L. High-performance LAMP-based method for human sex identification using Y chromosome-specific genetic markers. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2022.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Claro F, Silva D, Pérez Bogado JA, Rangel HR, de Waard JH. Lasting SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG Antibody response in health care workers from Venezuela, 6 months after vaccination with Sputnik V. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:850-854. [PMID: 35690364 PMCID: PMC9176181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scarce information is available regarding the long-term immunogenicity of the Sputnik V vaccine. Here Sputnik V vaccinated subjects were evaluated 6 months after receiving the 2-dose prime-boost schedule. METHODS Eighty-six hospital workers from Venezuela, 32 with a previous COVID-19 infection and 54 SARS-CoV-2 naïve subjects, were enrolled. IgG antibodies levels against the wild-type Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) were measured in an ELISA and with an in vitro ACE2-surrogate RBD binding inhibition assay at day 42 and day 180 after receiving the second dose. IgG levels were expressed in BAU/ml. Binding inhibition antibodies were expressed in IU/ml. RESULTS On average, RBD-IgG levels decreased by approximately 50% between the two time-points in the COVID-19 naïve cohort (geometric mean concentration (GMC) 675 BAU/mL vs. 327 BAU/ml) and decreased by approximately 25% in the previously infected cohort (GMC 1209 BAU/mL vs 910 BAU/ml). Within our cohort, 94% showed a "good to excellent" neutralizing activity measured with the in vitro test 6 months after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The Sputnik V vaccine provided long-term and durable humoral immunity in our cohort specially if a person has been both vaccinated and had a previous infection with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Claro
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela,Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Venezuela
| | - Douglas Silva
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Venezuela
| | - Jesús A. Pérez Bogado
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Venezuela
| | - Hector Rafael Rangel
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Altos de Pipe, Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela,One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador,Corresponding author
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12
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Regalado L D, Rivera-Olivero IA, Garcia-Bereguiain MA, Tana L, Hernandez I, Zurita J, Vidal JE, Terán E, de Waard JH. Pneumococcal Carriage Among Indigenous Kichwa Children From the Ecuadorian Andes After the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Vaccine Introduction. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:e427-e433. [PMID: 34609109 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in Andean Kichwa children, the largest Amerindian indigenous population in the Ecuadorian Andes. All children in our study had been vaccinated with the 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV10). METHODS Nasopharyngeal swabs from 63 families, 100 children <10 years old including 38 children under 5 years and 63 adult caregivers, from 5 different communities, were cultivated for Streptococcus pneumoniae and isolates were serotyped and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. RESULTS Respectively, 67% of the 38 children under 5 years old, 49% of the 62 children between 6 and 10 years old and 16% of the 100 adults were colonized with S. pneumoniae. Of these, 30.9% carried a vaccine serotype, 5.4% a serotype shared by the PCV10/13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) vaccine and 25.5% a PCV13 serotype or PCV13 vaccine-related serotype, with 19A (10.9%) and 6C (10.9%) as the most prominent. Drug susceptibility testing revealed that 46% of the S. pneumoniae strains were susceptible to 6 tested antibiotics. However, 20.3% of the strains were multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant strains, including 82% of the vaccine (-related) serotype 19A and 6C strains. CONCLUSIONS Kichwa children, vaccinated with PCV10, were highly colonized with pneumococci and should be considered a high-risk group for pneumococcal disease. Twenty-five percent of the colonizing S. pneumoniae strains were PCV13-only vaccine-targeted serotypes, and in addition to that, most were multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant strains. The vaccine benefits for this population possibly will significantly increase with the introduction of PCV13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Regalado L
- From the Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito
| | - Ismar A Rivera-Olivero
- From the Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas
| | | | - Leandro Tana
- From the Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito
| | - Isabel Hernandez
- From the Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito
- Facultad de Enfermería, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador
| | - Jeannete Zurita
- Unidad de investigación en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge E Vidal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Enrique Terán
- From the Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito
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13
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Claro F, Silva D, Rodriguez M, Rangel HR, de Waard JH. Immunoglobulin G antibody response to the Sputnik V vaccine: previous SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals may need just one vaccine dose. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 111:261-266. [PMID: 34343704 PMCID: PMC8325383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated the immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody response against the nucleocapsid protein (NP) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of 86 individuals in Venezuela, before and after receiving the Sputnik V vaccine. METHODS Antibody responses against NP and RBD were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay just before, 3 weeks after the first, and 6 weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. RESULTS Before vaccination, 59 individuals were seronegative, and 27 seropositive for NP and/or RBD. Of the seronegative cohort, 42% did not develop an IgG immune response against RBD after the first vaccine dose, but 100% had a strong IgG response after 2 doses. All seropositive individuals developed a strong IgG antibody response against RBD after the first vaccine dose, with antibody levels ∼40% higher than seronegative individuals who had received 2 doses. Previously seropositive subjects showed no significant increase in IgG antibody response against RBD after the second vaccine dose. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that 2 doses of the Sputnik V vaccine triggered antibody response in all study individuals. The second Sputnik V dose had no impact on IgG response for those seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antigens before vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Claro
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Douglas Silva
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Melissa Rodriguez
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Hector Rafael Rangel
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Los Teques, Venezuela
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.
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14
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Magni R, Rruga F, Alsaab FM, Sharif S, Howard M, Espina V, Kim B, Lepene B, Lee G, Alayouni MA, Steinberg H, Araujo R, Kashanchi F, Riccardi F, Morreira S, Araujo A, Poli F, Jaganath D, Semitala FC, Worodria W, Andama A, Choudhary A, Honnen WJ, Petricoin EF, Cattamanchi A, Colombatti R, de Waard JH, Oberhelman R, Pinter A, Gilman RH, Liotta LA, Luchini A. Author Correction: Lipoarabinomannan antigenic epitope differences in tuberculosis disease subtypes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19546. [PMID: 34580341 PMCID: PMC8476616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Magni
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Fatlum Rruga
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.,Dipartimento Di Salute Della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fahad M Alsaab
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.,College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Sharif
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Marissa Howard
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Gwenyth Lee
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mohamad A Alayouni
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | | | - Robyn Araujo
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Fabio Riccardi
- Aid Health and Development Onlus, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.,University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Fernando Poli
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Devan Jaganath
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fred C Semitala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Worodria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alfred Andama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.,Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alok Choudhary
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - William J Honnen
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Adithya Cattamanchi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raffaella Colombatti
- Department of Women's and Child's Health, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Richard Oberhelman
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru.,Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.
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15
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Baroja I, Guerra S, Coral-Almeida M, Ruíz A, Galarza JM, de Waard JH, Bastidas-Caldes C. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization Among Health Care Workers of a Tertiary Hospital in Ecuador and Associated Risk Factors. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3433-3440. [PMID: 34471363 PMCID: PMC8403571 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s326148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics and is therefore a public health issue. Colonization with MRSA is a risk factor for infection or transmission. Purpose To determine the prevalence of colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and MRSA strains in health care workers (HCWs) at a tertiary hospital in Ecuador and to determine the risk factors associated with carriage. Methods Out of a cohort of 3800 HCWs, 481 individuals from different hospital departments were randomly selected, and a single nasal swab was collected. Detection of SA and MRSA was carried out with the LightCycler® MRSA Advanced Test. A questionnaire was performed that gathered demographic and occupational information of the participants to determine risk factors for MRSA colonization. Statistical analysis was performed with univariate and multivariate analysis and the R-software version 4.0.2. Results Colonization with SA and MRSA occurred in respectively 23.7% (95% CI, 22.7–24.6) and 5% (95% CI, 3.39–7.58) of the individuals. The multivariate analysis showed that being older in age (OD 1.09) and being male (OD 2.78) were risk factors for SA and MRSA colonization (p-value < 0.001). Previous use of antibiotics or the use of nasal ointments diminished the colonization rates of SA (24% versus 3.7% and 10.1% respectively). Conclusion About 20% of the HCWs who were colonized with SA were colonized with MRSA, representing a risk for nosocomial infections and hospital outbreaks. Active monitoring and a decolonization treatment of the HCWs can reduce these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Baroja
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Unidad Técnica de Genética Molecular, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sara Guerra
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Unidad Técnica de Genética Molecular, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marco Coral-Almeida
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformatica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alejandra Ruíz
- Unidad Técnica de Genética Molecular, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito, Ecuador.,IESS Quito Sur General Hospital, Institutional Coordination of Epidemiological Surveillance and Infectology, Molecular Microbiology, Quito, Ecuador.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan Miguel Galarza
- Unidad Técnica de Genética Molecular, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito, Ecuador.,Unidad de Biociencias, Gerencia de Molecular y Oncodiagnóstico, SIMED S.A., Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Programa de Doctorado en Salud Pública y Animal, Universidad de Extremadura, Extremadura, España
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16
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Epelboin L, Eldin C, Thill P, de Santi VP, Abboud P, Walter G, Melzani A, Letertre-Gibert P, Perez L, Demar M, Boutrou M, Fernandes J, Cermeño JR, Panizo MM, Vreden SG, Djossou F, Beillard E, de Waard JH, de Lemos ERS. Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions. Curr Trop Med Rep 2021; 8:173-182. [PMID: 34094813 PMCID: PMC8169413 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review In this review, we report on the state of knowledge about human Q fever in Brazil and on the Guiana Shield, an Amazonian region located in northeastern South America. There is a contrast between French Guiana, where the incidence of this disease is the highest in the world, and other countries where this disease is practically non-existent. Recent Findings Recent findings are essentially in French Guiana where a unique strain MST17 has been identified; it is probably more virulent than those usually found with a particularly marked pulmonary tropism, a mysterious animal reservoir, a geographical distribution that raises questions. Summary Q fever is a bacterial zoonosis due to Coxiella burnetii that has been reported worldwide. On the Guiana Shield, a region mostly covered by Amazonian forest, which encompasses the Venezuelan State of Bolivar, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the Brazilian State of Amapá, the situation is very heterogeneous. While French Guiana is the region reporting the highest incidence of this disease in the world, with a single infecting clone (MST 117) and a unique epidemiological cycle, it has hardly ever been reported in other countries in the region. This absence of cases raises many questions and is probably due to massive under-diagnosis. Studies should estimate comprehensively the true burden of this disease in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Epelboin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC INSERM 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Équipe EA 3593, Écosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPAT), Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Carole Eldin
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre de référence pour la prise en charge des maladies vectorielles à tiques, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Thill
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du Voyageur, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Vincent Pommier de Santi
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,French Military Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Abboud
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Gaëlle Walter
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Alessia Melzani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Paule Letertre-Gibert
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Lucas Perez
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathilde Boutrou
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Julman Rosiris Cermeño
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Maria Mercedes Panizo
- Mycology Department, National Institute of Hygiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Stephen Gs Vreden
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Félix Djossou
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Équipe EA 3593, Écosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPAT), Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emmanuel Beillard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Departamento de Parasitología y Microbiología, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud "Dr. Francisco Battistini Casalta" - Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Bolívar, Venezuela
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17
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Verhagen LM, Rivera-Olivero IA, Clerc M, Chu MLJN, van Engelsdorp Gastelaars J, Kristensen MI, Berbers GAM, Hermans PWM, de Jonge MI, de Waard JH, Bogaert D. Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Profiles in Rural Venezuelan Children Are Associated With Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:212-221. [PMID: 31919525 PMCID: PMC7840112 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research suggests that the microbiota affects susceptibility to both respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and gastrointestinal infections (GIIs). In order to optimize global treatment options, it is important to characterize microbiota profiles across different niches and geographic/socioeconomic areas where RTI and GII prevalences are high. Methods We performed 16S sequencing of nasopharyngeal swabs from 209 Venezuelan Amerindian children aged 6 weeks–59 months who were participating in a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) study. Using random forest models, differential abundance testing, and regression analysis, we determined whether specific bacteria were associated with RTIs or GIIs and variation in PCV13 response. Results Microbiota compositions differed between children with or without RTIs (P = .018) or GIIs (P = .001). Several species were associated with the absence of infections. Some of these health-associated bacteria are also observed in developed regions, such as Corynebacterium (log2(fold change [FC]) = 3.30 for RTIs and log2(FC) = 1.71 for GIIs), while others are not commonly observed in developed regions, such as Acinetobacter (log2(FC) = 2.82 and log2(FC) = 5.06, respectively). Klebsiella spp. presence was associated with both RTIs (log2(FC) = 5.48) and GIIs (log2(FC) = 7.20). Conclusions The nasopharyngeal microbiota of rural Venezuelan children included several bacteria that thrive in tropical humid climates. Interestingly, nasopharyngeal microbiota composition not only differed in children with an RTI but also in those with a GII, which suggests a reciprocal interplay between the 2 environments. Knowledge of region-specific microbiota patterns enables tailoring of preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly M Verhagen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ismar A Rivera-Olivero
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit," Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Melanie Clerc
- The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Ling J N Chu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maartje I Kristensen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy A M Berbers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W M Hermans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care-Epidemiology Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit," Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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18
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Echeverría G, Guevara Á, Coloma J, Ruiz AM, Vasquez MM, Tejera E, de Waard JH. Pre-existing T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in unexposed healthy controls in Ecuador, as detected with a COVID-19 Interferon-Gamma Release Assay. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:21-25. [PMID: 33582369 PMCID: PMC7879022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of T-cell immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 are important in understanding the immune status of individuals or populations. Here, we use a simple, cheap, and rapid whole blood stimulation assay - an Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) - to study T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent COVID-19 patients and in unexposed healthy contacts from Quito, Ecuador. METHODS Interferon-gamma (INF-γ) production was measured in the heparinized blood of convalescent and unexposed subjects after stimulation for 24 h with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein, the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) protein or the Nucleocapsid (NP) protein, respectively. The presence of IgG-RBD protein antibodies in both study groups was determined with an "in-house" ELISA. RESULTS As measured with INF-γ production, 80% of the convalescent COVID-19 patients, all IgG-RBD seropositive, had a strong T-cell response. However, unexpectedly, 44% of unexposed healthy controls, all IgG-RBD seronegative, had a strong virus-specific T-cell response with the COVID-19 IGRA, probably because of prior exposure to common cold-causing coronaviruses or other viral or microbial antigens. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION The high percentage of unexposed healthy subjects with a pre-existing immunity suggests that a part of the Ecuadorian population is likely to have SARS-CoV-2 reactive T-cells. Given that the IGRA technique is simple and can be easily scaled up for investigations where high numbers of patients are needed, this COVID-19 IGRA may serve to determine if the T-cell only response represents protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a population-based study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Echeverría
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Ecuador
| | - Ángel Guevara
- Instituto de Biomedicina, carrera de Medicina, Universidad Central, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - María Mercedes Vasquez
- One Health Research Group. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- One Health Research Group. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- One Health Research Group. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.
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19
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Claro-Almea FE, Delgado-Noguera LA, Motaban A, España M, de Waard JH. A rare case of spinal tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis. Is zoonotic tuberculosis underdiagnosed? IDCases 2020; 22:e00982. [PMID: 33101977 PMCID: PMC7575779 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare presentation of Pott's disease caused by M. bovis, suggesting transmission from infected cattle, and only the second case described so far in scientific reports. Noteworthy of this case was that the strain was only isolated on Stonebrink medium, a sodium pyruvate-containing culture medium for the isolation of mycobacteria. This medium is frequently ignored in diagnostic laboratories and in the laboratory manuals of most international health organizations. In general laboratories use a culture medium that contains glycerol, a carbon substrate considered inhibitory for the growth of M. bovis. The use of glycerol-containing medium therefore likely contributes towards underestimating zoonotic tuberculosis. Our case suggests that, in order to improved surveillance efforts for zoonotic TB and increase the notification rate for M. bovis to human TB, the use of pyruvate-containing media should be promoted, particularly in developing countries with a high prevalence of bovine TB, but also through the World Health Organization' (WHO) End TB Strategy and the Roadmap for Zoonotic TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin E. Claro-Almea
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Lourdes A. Delgado-Noguera
- Infectious Diseases Division, Venezuelan Research Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | - Ana Motaban
- Hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño, Departamento de Neurocirugía, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mercedes España
- Programa Nacional Integrado de Control de la Tuberculosis, Ministerio de Salud (Health Ministry), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas. Quito, Ecuador
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20
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Echeverr G, Escobar H, Changoluisa D, Ron L, Proaño A, Proañ O-Pérez F, Zumárraga MJ, de Waard JH. Prevalence of paratuberculosis in dairy cattle in ecuador. Int J Mycobacteriol 2020; 9:1-6. [PMID: 32474480 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_175_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causal agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic infectious contagious disease of the intestinal tract of ruminants that are also associated with Crohn's disease in humans. The existence of paratuberculosis in Ecuador is virtually unknown; hence, the present study was performed to gain insight into the prevalence of this disease. Methods Three dairy cattle farms in different geographic regions in Ecuador were investigated for the infection with MAP, and 600 blood samples, 200 of each cattle herd, were processed with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fecal samples of the seropositive cows were processed for culture on modified Löwenstein-Jensen medium. Results One hundred and fifty bovines (25%) resulted seropositive and we confirmed with culture the presence of MAP in 4.7% (7/150) of the seropositive cows. Approximately 20% of the fecal samples of seropositive cows yielded nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species including M. avium subsp. avium, a NTM species closely related to MAP. Conclusions The seroprevalence of paratuberculosis in this first study for Ecuador is high (25%). We discuss a possible interference of NTM species, isolated from fecal samples, with the diagnosis of paratuberculosis. With this report, a baseline study, we confirm for the first time the presence of paratuberculosis in Ecuador, and we provide the necessary information for future studies and control of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Echeverr
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Publica y Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Henry Escobar
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Publica y Zoonosis-CIZ; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Darwin Changoluisa
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Publica y Zoonosis-CIZ; One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lenin Ron
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Publica y Zoonosis-CIZ; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrea Proaño
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Publica y Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Freddy Proañ O-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Publica y Zoonosis-CIZ; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martin J Zumárraga
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular, INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador, Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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21
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Méndez MV, Abadía E, Sequera M, de Waard JH, Takiff HE. Most LAM Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Venezuela, but not SIT605, belong to the RD Rio subfamily. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 84:104380. [PMID: 32470631 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a global public health problem that is resurgent in Venezuela, with 13 thousand estimated new cases in 2018. Strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis RDRio, subfamily belong to the Latín American Mediterranean (LAM) family and are a major cause of TB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. LAM strains predominate in Venezuela, where spoligotype SIT605 is common, but surprisingly not found elsewhere. We sought to assess the presence of RDRio strains in tuberculosis patients in different regions of Venezuela and determine whether SIT605 also belongs to the RDRio subfamily. Using spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR 24 loci, we identified 86 clinical LAM and SIT605 isolates from the Venezuelan capital Caracas and several Venezuelan states. Region of difference deletion loci RD174 and RDRio, and also IS1561 were used to identify strains of the RDRio subfamily, while IS6110 at position 932,204 and the Ag85C103 polymorphism were used to validate SIT 605 as a LAM family strain. We found that 69.8% of the isolates were RDRío, including 94.3% of strains isolated in Caracas, 17.9% isolated in the state of Carabobo, the two strains analyzed from Delta Amacuro, and one each from Sucre, Apure and Aragua states. RDRio was in 100% of: SIT17 (LAM 2); SIT20 (LAM 1); SITs 93, 1694, 1696, 960, 1367 (LAM 5); and SITs 216 (LAM 9); but only 75% of SIT42 (LAM 9) strains. Thus, most of the LAM strains in Venezuela belong to the RDRío subfamily. SIT 605 strains, although LAM, are not in the RDRío subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Méndez
- Universidad de Carabobo-Escuela de Bioanálisis-Sede Aragua, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
| | - Edgar Abadía
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Mónica Sequera
- Universidad de Carabobo-Escuela de Ciencias Biomédicas-Sede Carabobo, Venezuela
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Instituto de Biomedicina-Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Venezuela; One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Queri, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Howard Eugene Takiff
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; Pathogenomique Mycobacterienne Integree, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Sisco MC, Silva MG, Lopez B, Arguelles C, Mendonça-Lima L, de Waard JH, Duarte RS, Suffys PN. Newly sequenced genomes of four Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccines. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e190401. [PMID: 32401897 PMCID: PMC7212995 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccines comprise a family of related strains. Whole genome sequencing has allowed the better characterisation of the differences between many of the BCG vaccines. As sequencing technologies improve, updating of publicly available sequence data becomes common practice. We hereby announce the draft genome of four commonly used BCG vaccines in Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Sisco
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Laboratório de Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada às Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marlei Gomés Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Laboratório de Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Beatriz Lopez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Arguelles
- Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos Carlos G Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leila Mendonça-Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr Jacinto Convit, Caracas, Venezuela
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Silva Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Laboratório de Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Philip Noel Suffys
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada às Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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23
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Pérez-Alfonzo R, Poleo Brito LE, Vergara MS, Ruiz Damasco A, Meneses Rodríguez PL, Kannee Quintero CE, Carrera Martinez C, Rivera-Oliver IA, Da Mata Jardin OJ, Rodríguez-Castillo BA, de Waard JH. Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tracts due to infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a report of three cases. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:295. [PMID: 32316920 PMCID: PMC7171849 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soft tissue or skin infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported frequently and are mostly associated with trauma or cosmetic interventions like plastic surgery. However, infection with NTM as a result of a dental procedure have rarely been described and the lack of clinical suspicion and a clear clinical manifestation makes diagnosis challenging. Case presentation We report on three patients with a facial cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin, due to an infection with respectively Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. abscessus and M. peregrinum. The infection source was the dental unit waterlines (DUWLs), which were colonized with NTM. Conclusions Water of the DUWL can pose a health risk. This report emphasizes the need for quality control and certification of water flowing through DUWLs, including the absence of NTM. Our report also shows the need for a rapid recognition of NTM infections and accurate laboratory diagnosis in order to avoid long-term ineffective antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pérez-Alfonzo
- Centro Clínico de Dermatología y Enfermedades Tropicales, Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luisa Elena Poleo Brito
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marialejandra Solano Vergara
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Angela Ruiz Damasco
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Carmen Elena Kannee Quintero
- Centro Clínico de Dermatología y Enfermedades Tropicales, Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carolina Carrera Martinez
- Centro Clínico de Dermatología y Enfermedades Tropicales, Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ismar Alejandra Rivera-Oliver
- Departamento Laboratorio de Tuberculosis. Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.,One Health Research Group. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Sede Queri, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Omaira J Da Mata Jardin
- Departamento Laboratorio de Tuberculosis. Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Bárbara A Rodríguez-Castillo
- Departamento Laboratorio de Tuberculosis. Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Departamento Laboratorio de Tuberculosis. Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. .,One Health Research Group. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Sede Queri, Quito, Ecuador.
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24
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Garzon-Chavez D, Garcia-Bereguiain MA, Mora-Pinargote C, Granda-Pardo JC, Leon-Benitez M, Franco-Sotomayor G, Trueba G, de Waard JH. Population structure and genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ecuador. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6237. [PMID: 32277077 PMCID: PMC7148308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem in Ecuador with an incidence of 43 per 100,000 inhabitants and an estimated multidrug-resistant-TB prevalence in all TB cases of 9%. Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) is important to understand regional transmission dynamics. This study aims to describe the main MTBC lineages and sublineages circulating in the country. A representative sample of 373 MTBC strains from 22 provinces of Ecuador, with data comprising geographic origin and drug susceptibility, were genotyped using 24 loci-MIRU-VNTR. For strains with an ambiguous sublineage designation, the lineage was confirmed by Regions of Difference analysis or by Whole Genome Sequencing. We show that lineage 4 is predominant in Ecuador (98.3% of the strains). Only 4 strains belong to lineages 2-sublineage Beijing and two strains to lineage 3-sublineage Delhi. Lineage 4 strains included sublineages LAM (45.7%), Haarlem (31.8%), S (13.1%), X (4.6%), Ghana (0.6%) and NEW (0.3%). The LAM sublineage showed the strongest association with antibiotic resistance. The X and S sublineages were found predominantly in the Coastal and the Andean regions respectively and the reason for the high prevalence of these strains in Ecuador should be addressed in future studies. Our database constitutes a tool for MIRU-VNTR pattern comparison of M. tuberculosis isolates for national and international epidemiologic studies and phylogenetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garzon-Chavez
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública e Investigación Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain
- One Health Research Group. Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Carlos Mora-Pinargote
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Margarita Leon-Benitez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública e Investigación Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Greta Franco-Sotomayor
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública e Investigación Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Trueba
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- One Health Research Group. Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Castellano Realpe OJ, Gutiérrez JC, Sierra DA, Pazmiño Martínez LA, Prado Palacios YY, Echeverría G, de Waard JH. Dental Unit Waterlines in Quito and Caracas Contaminated with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: A Potential Health Risk in Dental Practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2348. [PMID: 32244267 PMCID: PMC7177417 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three cases of severe odontogenic infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Venezuela that were directly associated with dental procedures and the finding of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) in dental offices that were colonized with mycobacteria species was the reason for assessing the water quality of DUWLs in dental offices in two capital cities in South America, namely, Quito and Caracas. The main water supplies and the water from 143 DUWLs in both cities were sampled and especially checked for contamination with NTM. To measure the overall bacteriological quality of the water also the presence of heterotrophic bacteria, coliform bacteria, and Pseudomonas was determined. Results showed that respectively 3% and 56% of the DUWLs in Quito and Caracas yielded NTM species (up to 1000 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL). Furthermore, high and unacceptable total viable counts of heterotrophic bacteria and/or coliform bacteria and Pseudomonas were detected in 73% of the samples. We conclude that, in both cities, the water in the majority of DUWLs was contaminated with NTM and other potential pathogens, presenting a risk to human health. The detection of NTM in DUWL water with acceptable heterotrophic bacteria counts shows the need to include NTM in water quality testing. Mycobacteria are more resistant to disinfection procedures than other types of vegetative bacteria, and most testing protocols for DUWLs do not assess mycobacteria and thus do not guarantee risk-free water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna C. Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1053 Caracas, Venezuela
- Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Deisy A. Sierra
- Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1053 Caracas, Venezuela
- Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Yrneh Y. Prado Palacios
- Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Gustavo Echeverría
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad De Las Américas, 170504 Quito, Ecuador
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Zambrano-Mila M, Rodriguez AS, Rivera-Olivero IA, Salas-Rueda M, Caceres-Orellana MV, de Waard JH, Garcia-Bereguiain MA. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among guinea pigs raised as livestock in Ecuador. One Health 2019; 9:100118. [PMID: 31853475 PMCID: PMC6911982 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in human and veterinary medicine. Here we show that 6.25% of the guinea pigs studied in Ecuador, raised as livestock, carry methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the nasopharynx and therefore may potentially play a role in the transmission of MRSA in the Andean Region of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Zambrano-Mila
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Yachay Tech, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Angel S Rodriguez
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Yachay Tech, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Ismar A Rivera-Olivero
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mauricio Salas-Rueda
- Globalgen, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - Jacobus H de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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27
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Whittington R, Donat K, Weber MF, Kelton D, Nielsen SS, Eisenberg S, Arrigoni N, Juste R, Sáez JL, Dhand N, Santi A, Michel A, Barkema H, Kralik P, Kostoulas P, Citer L, Griffin F, Barwell R, Moreira MAS, Slana I, Koehler H, Singh SV, Yoo HS, Chávez-Gris G, Goodridge A, Ocepek M, Garrido J, Stevenson K, Collins M, Alonso B, Cirone K, Paolicchi F, Gavey L, Rahman MT, de Marchin E, Van Praet W, Bauman C, Fecteau G, McKenna S, Salgado M, Fernández-Silva J, Dziedzinska R, Echeverría G, Seppänen J, Thibault V, Fridriksdottir V, Derakhshandeh A, Haghkhah M, Ruocco L, Kawaji S, Momotani E, Heuer C, Norton S, Cadmus S, Agdestein A, Kampen A, Szteyn J, Frössling J, Schwan E, Caldow G, Strain S, Carter M, Wells S, Munyeme M, Wolf R, Gurung R, Verdugo C, Fourichon C, Yamamoto T, Thapaliya S, Di Labio E, Ekgatat M, Gil A, Alesandre AN, Piaggio J, Suanes A, de Waard JH. Control of paratuberculosis: who, why and how. A review of 48 countries. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:198. [PMID: 31196162 PMCID: PMC6567393 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease affecting ruminant livestock, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It has direct and indirect economic costs, impacts animal welfare and arouses public health concerns. In a survey of 48 countries we found paratuberculosis to be very common in livestock. In about half the countries more than 20% of herds and flocks were infected with MAP. Most countries had large ruminant populations (millions), several types of farmed ruminants, multiple husbandry systems and tens of thousands of individual farms, creating challenges for disease control. In addition, numerous species of free-living wildlife were infected. Paratuberculosis was notifiable in most countries, but formal control programs were present in only 22 countries. Generally, these were the more highly developed countries with advanced veterinary services. Of the countries without a formal control program for paratuberculosis, 76% were in South and Central America, Asia and Africa while 20% were in Europe. Control programs were justified most commonly on animal health grounds, but protecting market access and public health were other factors. Prevalence reduction was the major objective in most countries, but Norway and Sweden aimed to eradicate the disease, so surveillance and response were their major objectives. Government funding was involved in about two thirds of countries, but operations tended to be funded by farmers and their organizations and not by government alone. The majority of countries (60%) had voluntary control programs. Generally, programs were supported by incentives for joining, financial compensation and/or penalties for non-participation. Performance indicators, structure, leadership, practices and tools used in control programs are also presented. Securing funding for long-term control activities was a widespread problem. Control programs were reported to be successful in 16 (73%) of the 22 countries. Recommendations are made for future control programs, including a primary goal of establishing an international code for paratuberculosis, leading to universal acknowledgment of the principles and methods of control in relation to endemic and transboundary disease. An holistic approach across all ruminant livestock industries and long-term commitment is required for control of paratuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whittington
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | - Karsten Donat
- Animal Health Service, Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - David Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Søren Saxmose Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Norma Arrigoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 29027 Podenzano, Italy
| | - Ramon Juste
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias Spain
| | - Jose Luis Sáez
- Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment, ES-28071 Madrid, Spain
| | - Navneet Dhand
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | - Annalisa Santi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 29027 Podenzano, Italy
| | - Anita Michel
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
| | - Herman Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Petr Kralik
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lorna Citer
- Animal Health Ireland, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, N41 WN27 Republic of Ireland
| | - Frank Griffin
- Disease Research Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, 9092 New Zealand
| | - Rob Barwell
- Animal Health Australia, Turner, ACT 2612 Australia
| | | | - Iva Slana
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Heike Koehler
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- Deparment of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281 406 India
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Gilberto Chávez-Gris
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, 76750 Tequisquiapan, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Amador Goodridge
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, City of Knowledge, Panama City, 0843-01103 Panama
| | - Matjaz Ocepek
- National Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joseba Garrido
- Instituto Vasco de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agrario-NEIKER, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | | | - Mike Collins
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 53706-1102 USA
| | | | - Karina Cirone
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | | | - Lawrence Gavey
- Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350 Australia
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Cathy Bauman
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Gilles Fecteau
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Quebec, J2S 6Z9 Canada
| | - Shawn McKenna
- Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - Miguel Salgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jorge Fernández-Silva
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia 050034076 Colombia
| | | | - Gustavo Echeverría
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 17-03-100 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jaana Seppänen
- Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginie Thibault
- ANSES Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort and GDS France, CS 28440, 79024 Niort Cedex, France
| | - Vala Fridriksdottir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland, IS-112 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Masoud Haghkhah
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-69155 Iran
| | - Luigi Ruocco
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Animal Health and Veterinary Medicines, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Satoko Kawaji
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856 Japan
| | - Eiichi Momotani
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856 Japan
| | - Cord Heuer
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4441 New Zealand
| | | | - Simeon Cadmus
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Joanna Szteyn
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Ebba Schwan
- Swedish Farm and Animal Health, 62254 Romakloster, Sweden
| | | | - Sam Strain
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon Enterprise Centre, Dungannon, BT71 6JT UK
| | - Mike Carter
- USDA-APHIS-Veterinary Services, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA
| | - Scott Wells
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Musso Munyeme
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, 10101 Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Robert Wolf
- Fachabteilung Gesundheit und Pflegemanagement, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ratna Gurung
- National Centre for Animal Health, Serbithang, Bhutan
| | - Cristobal Verdugo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Christine Fourichon
- Oniris – INRA, Department Farm Animal Health and Public Health, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Takehisa Yamamoto
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856 Japan
| | - Sharada Thapaliya
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan Nepal
| | - Elena Di Labio
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monaya Ekgatat
- National Institute of Animal Health, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Andres Gil
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Lasplaces 1620, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - José Piaggio
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Lasplaces 1620, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Suanes
- Ministry of Livestock Agriculture and Fisheries of Uruguay, CP 11300 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Servicio Autonomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Changoluisa D, Rivera-Olivero IA, Echeverria G, Garcia-Bereguiain MA, de Waard JH. Serology for Neosporosis, Q fever and Brucellosis to assess the cause of abortion in two dairy cattle herds in Ecuador. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:194. [PMID: 31185969 PMCID: PMC6560894 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Determining the infectious cause of abortion in cattle is difficult. This case-control study was set up to investigate the infectious causes of abortion by determining the seroprevalence of three reproductive pathogens in dairy cattle in Ecuador and their association with abortion: Brucella abortus, Neospora caninum and Coxiella burnetii. Results Ninety-five blood samples were obtained from cows that had experienced a mid- or late gestation abortion of their first calf and seventy-seven samples from a control group of cows with the same age that did not experience abortion problems. No antibodies were detected for B. abortus in any of the serum samples, but a high seroprevalence for both C. burnetii (52.9%) and N. caninum infection (21.5%) was found in group of cows. The seroprevalence of N. caninum infection in cattle that had experienced abortions was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the seroprevalence in the control cows on one of the cattle farms, but no association between abortion and seropositivity for C. burnetii was found. Conclusion We conclude that Neosporosis plays an important role in the epidemiology of abortion on one cattle farm, but that Q fever is apparently not an important cause for abortion in this setting. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1924-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Changoluisa
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Ismar A Rivera-Olivero
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo Echeverria
- Instituto de Investigacion en Salud Publica y Zoonosis, CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador. .,One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador. .,One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
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Echeverría G, Reyna-Bello A, Minda-Aluisa E, Celi-Erazo M, Olmedo L, García HA, Garcia-Bereguiain MA, de Waard JH. Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii infection in cattle and farm workers: is Q fever an underreported zoonotic disease in Ecuador? Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:701-706. [PMID: 31114259 PMCID: PMC6489620 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s195940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Q fever is an underreported zoonotic disease of cattle and men in most countries of the world. Very little information about the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection in animals and humans comes from South and Central America and systematic studies are lacking. Methods: A seroprevalence survey for Q fever amongst cattle, farm workers and students was conducted in Ecuador using a commercial ELISA kit. Results: Survey results showed an unexpectedly high prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in dairy cattle (43%) and in farm workers (34%). In addition, a clinical case in a human of acute Q fever in the convalescent stage was detected. Conclusion: We conclude that the disease is endemic in Ecuador but is overlooked by medical and laboratory personnel. Q fever should be considered a public health issue in Ecuador and further research into the clinical relevance of this infection is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Echeverría
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Publica y Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Programa de Doctorado, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Armando Reyna-Bello
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Santo Domingo, Ecuador
| | - Elizabeth Minda-Aluisa
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Publica y Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maritza Celi-Erazo
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Publica y Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lisbeth Olmedo
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Publica y Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Herakles A García
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain
- One Health Research Group. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.,School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech, Urcuquí, Ecuador.,Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomedicas. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- One Health Research Group. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Garzon-Chavez D, Zurita J, Mora-Pinargote C, Franco-Sotomayor G, Leon-Benitez M, Granda-Pardo JC, Trueba G, Garcia-Bereguiain MA, de Waard JH. Prevalence, Drug Resistance, and Genotypic Diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Family in Ecuador. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:931-937. [PMID: 30883259 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Beijing family, the most successful Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage, is considered hypervirulent, associated with clustering and has a strong association with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The Beijing strains have spread worldwide and also to Latin America. Genotyping of a countrywide collection of 380 M. tuberculosis strains from Ecuador, with 24-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR), revealed only six Beijing strains, but four of these were MDR-TB. There was no clustering as all six strains had very distinct MIRU-VNTR profiles that have not been reported in the rest of Latin America. Although active transmission for Beijing has been described for the neighboring countries Peru and Colombia, there is no evidence that Beijing strains in Ecuador are more frequently transmitted than other strains. Moreover, the low prevalence (1.6%) of the Beijing sublineage in Ecuador challenges the concept of hyperadaptability and transmissibility of the Beijing strains in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garzon-Chavez
- 1 Instituto de Microbiología and Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jeannete Zurita
- 2 Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,3 Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Mora-Pinargote
- 4 Laboratorio Para Investigaciones Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Greta Franco-Sotomayor
- 5 Instituto de Salud Pública e Investigacion Leopoldo Izquieta Perez, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Margarita Leon-Benitez
- 5 Instituto de Salud Pública e Investigacion Leopoldo Izquieta Perez, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - Gabriel Trueba
- 1 Instituto de Microbiología and Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain
- 4 Laboratorio Para Investigaciones Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,6 One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,7 Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Yachay Tech, Urcuqui, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- 6 One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.,7 Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Yachay Tech, Urcuqui, Ecuador.,8 Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Hospital Vargas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Torres-Coy JA, Carrera C, Rodríguez-Castillo BA, Ramírez-Murga R, Ortiz-Cáceres W, Pérez-Alfonzo R, de Waard JH. Mycobacterium szulgai
: an unusual cause of skin and soft tissue infection after breast augmentation. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:e122-e124. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus A. Torres-Coy
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis; Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”; Caracas Venezuela
| | - Carolina Carrera
- Centro Clínico de Dermatología y Enfermedades Tropicales; Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”; Caracas Venezuela
| | | | - Rosalicia Ramírez-Murga
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis; Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”; Caracas Venezuela
| | - William Ortiz-Cáceres
- Centro Clínico de Dermatología y Enfermedades Tropicales; Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”; Caracas Venezuela
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Alfonzo
- Centro Clínico de Dermatología y Enfermedades Tropicales; Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”; Caracas Venezuela
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis; Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”; Caracas Venezuela
- Instituto de Biomedicina “Dr. Jacinto Convit”; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Central de Venezuela; Caracas Venezuela
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Verhagen LM, Hermsen M, Rivera-Olivero IA, Sisco MC, de Jonge MI, Hermans PWM, de Waard JH. Nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory pathogens in Warao Amerindians: significant relationship with stunting. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 22:407-414. [PMID: 28072501 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens in geographically isolated Warao Amerindians in Venezuela. METHODS In this point prevalence survey, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 1064 Warao Amerindians: 504 children aged 0-4 years, 227 children aged 5-10 years and 333 caregivers. Written questionnaires were completed to obtain information on demographics and environmental risk factors. Anthropometric measurements were performed in children aged 0-4 years. RESULTS Carriage rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were 51%, 7%, 1% and 13%, respectively. Crowding index, method of cooking and tobacco exposure were not associated with increased carriage. In multivariable analysis, an increase in height-for-age Z score (i.e. improved chronic nutritional status) was associated with decreased odds of S. pneumoniae colonisation (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70-0.83) in children aged 0-4 years. CONCLUSIONS Better knowledge of demographic and environmental risk factors facilitates better understanding of the dynamics of colonisation with respiratory bacteria in an Amerindian population. Poor chronic nutritional status was associated with increased pathogen carriage in children <5 years of age. The high rates of stunting generally observed in indigenous children may fuel the acquisition of respiratory bacteria that can lead to respiratory and invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly M Verhagen
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Meyke Hermsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - María Carolina Sisco
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W M Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Burghouts J, Del Nogal B, Uriepero A, Hermans PWM, de Waard JH, Verhagen LM. Childhood Vaccine Acceptance and Refusal among Warao Amerindian Caregivers in Venezuela; A Qualitative Approach. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170227. [PMID: 28107501 PMCID: PMC5249092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Acceptance of childhood vaccination varies between societies, affecting worldwide vaccination coverage. Low coverage rates are common in indigenous populations where parents often choose not to vaccinate their children. We aimed to gain insight into reasons for vaccine acceptance or rejection among Warao Amerindians in Venezuela. Methods Based on records of vaccine acceptance or refusal, in-depth interviews with 20 vaccine-accepting and 11 vaccine-declining caregivers were performed. Parents’ attitudes were explored using a qualitative approach. Results Although Warao caregivers were generally in favor of vaccination, fear of side effects and the idea that young and sick children are too vulnerable to be vaccinated negatively affected vaccine acceptance. The importance assigned to side effects was related to the perception that these resembled symptoms/diseases of another origin and could thus harm the child. Religious beliefs or traditional healers did not influence the decision-making process. Conclusions Parental vaccine acceptance requires educational programs on the preventive nature of vaccines in relation to local beliefs about health and disease. Attention needs to be directed at population-specific concerns, including explanation on the nature of and therapeutic options for side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Burghouts
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Berenice Del Nogal
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Niños J.M. de los Ríos, Caracas, Venezuela
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Angimar Uriepero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Peter W. M. Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Lilly M. Verhagen
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Verhagen LM, Rivera-Olivero IA, Hermsen M, Sisco MC, Maes M, Del Nogal B, Bogaert D, Berbers GAM, Hermans PWM, de Jonge MI, de Waard JH. Introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in an isolated pneumococcal vaccine-naïve indigenous population. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:1492-1496. [PMID: 27540017 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00890-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilly M Verhagen
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela .,Laboratory of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Dept of Paediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Dept of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ismar A Rivera-Olivero
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Meyke Hermsen
- Dept of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - María Carolina Sisco
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mailis Maes
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Berenice Del Nogal
- Dept of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital J.M. de los Ríos, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Dept of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy A M Berbers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W M Hermans
- Laboratory of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Dept of Paediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Dept of Paediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Ramírez A, Ruggiero M, Aranaga C, Cataldi A, Gutkind G, de Waard JH, Araque M, Power P. Biochemical Characterization of β-Lactamases from Mycobacterium abscessus Complex and Genetic Environment of the β-Lactamase-Encoding Gene. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:294-300. [PMID: 27429159 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the kinetic parameters of purified recombinant BlaMab and BlaMmas by spectrophotometry, analyze the genetic environment of the blaMab and blaMmas genes in both species by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, furthermore, in silico models of both enzymes in complex with imipenem were obtained by modeling tools. Our results showed that BlaMab and BlaMmas have a similar hydrolysis behavior, displaying high catalytic efficiencies toward penams, cephalothin, and nitrocefin; none of the enzymes are well inhibited by clavulanate. BlaMmas hydrolyzes imipenem at higher efficiency than cefotaxime and aztreonam. BlaMab and BlaMmas showed that their closest structural homologs are KPC-2 and SFC-1, which correlate to the mild carbapenemase activity toward imipenem observed at least for BlaMmas. They also seem to differ from other class A β-lactamases by the presence of a more flexible Ω loop, which could impact in the hydrolysis efficiency against some antibiotics. A -35 consensus sequence (TCGACA) and embedded at the 3' end of MAB_2874, which may constitute the blaMab and blaMmas promoter. Our results suggest that the resistance mechanisms in fast-growing mycobacteria could be probably evolving toward the production of β-lactamases that have improved catalytic efficiencies against some of the drugs commonly used for the treatment of mycobacterial infections, endangering the use of important drugs like the carbapenems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramírez
- 1 Universidad de Los Andes , Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Melina Ruggiero
- 2 Universidad de Buenos Aires , Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Aranaga
- 3 Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular , Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Angel Cataldi
- 4 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas , Instituto de Biotecnología, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Gutkind
- 2 Universidad de Buenos Aires , Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- 5 Universidad Central de Venezuela , Instituto de Biomedicina, Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María Araque
- 1 Universidad de Los Andes , Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Pablo Power
- 2 Universidad de Buenos Aires , Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Verhagen LM, Hermsen M, Rivera-Olivero I, Sisco MC, Pinelli E, Hermans PWM, Berbers GAM, de Waard JH, de Jonge MI. Stunting correlates with high salivary and serum antibody levels after 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of Venezuelan Amerindian children. Vaccine 2016; 34:2312-20. [PMID: 27036512 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of pre-vaccination nutritional status on vaccine responses in Venezuelan Warao Amerindian children vaccinated with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and to investigate whether saliva can be used as read-out for these vaccine responses. METHODS A cross-sectional cohort of 504 Venezuelan Warao children aged 6 weeks - 59 months residing in nine geographically isolated Warao communities were vaccinated with a primary series of PCV13 according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended age-related schedules. Post-vaccination antibody concentrations in serum and saliva of 411 children were measured by multiplex immunoassay. The influence of malnutrition present upon vaccination on post-vaccination antibody levels was assessed by univariate and multivariable generalized estimating equations linear regression analysis. RESULTS In both stunted (38%) and non-stunted (62%) children, salivary antibody concentrations correlated well with serum levels for all serotypes with coefficients varying from 0.61 for serotype 3-0.80 for serotypes 5, 6A and 23F (all p < 0.01). Surprisingly, higher serum and salivary antibody levels were observed with increasing levels of stunting in children for all serotypes. This was statistically significant for 5/13 and 11/13 serotype-specific serum and saliva IgG concentrations respectively. CONCLUSION Stunted Amerindian children showed generally higher antibody concentrations than well-nourished children following PCV13 vaccination, indicating that chronic malnutrition influences vaccine response. Saliva samples might be useful to monitor serotype-specific antibody levels induced by PCV vaccination. This would greatly facilitate studies of vaccine efficacy in rural settings, since participant resistance generally hampers blood drawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly M Verhagen
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela; Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Meyke Hermsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ismar Rivera-Olivero
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María Carolina Sisco
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Elena Pinelli
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W M Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guy A M Berbers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Acosta F, Chernyaeva E, Mendoza L, Sambrano D, Correa R, Rotkevich M, Tarté M, Hernández H, Velazco B, de Escobar C, de Waard JH, Goodridge A. Mycobacterium bovis in Panama, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21. [PMID: 25988479 PMCID: PMC4451894 DOI: 10.3201/eid2106.141821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Panama remains free of zoonotic tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. However, DNA fingerprinting of 7 M. bovis isolates from a 2013 bovine tuberculosis outbreak indicated minimal homology with strains previously circulating in Panama. M. bovis dispersion into Panama highlights the need for enhanced genotype testing to track zoonotic infections.
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Rangel HR, Bello G, Villalba JA, Sulbaran YF, Garzaro D, Maes M, Loureiro CL, de Waard JH, Pujol FH. The Evolving HIV-1 Epidemic in Warao Amerindians Is Dominated by an Extremely High Frequency of CXCR4-Utilizing Strains. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:1265-8. [PMID: 26414846 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a high prevalence of HIV-1 infection in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela due to the rapid spread of a single B subtype strain. In this study we evaluated the coreceptor use of the HIV-1 strains infecting this Amerindian community. Sequences of the HIV-1 V3 loop from 56 plasma samples were genotyped for coreceptor use. An extremely high frequency of CXCR4 strains was found among HIV-1-infecting Waraos (47/49, 96%), compared to HIV-1 strains infecting the non-Amerindian Venezuelan population (35/79, 44%, p < 0.00001). Evolutionary analysis showed that a significant number of infections occurred between 1 and 12 months before collection and that a great proportion (50-70%) of HIV-1 transmissions occurred within the very early phase of infection (≤12 months). This is consistent with an initial infection dominated by an X4 strain or a very rapid selection of X4 variants after infection. This Amerindian population also exhibits the highest prevalence of tuberculosis in Venezuela, being synergistically bad prognostic factors for the evolution of morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor R. Rangel
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratorio de AIDS e Inmunología Molecular Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julian A. Villalba
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yoneira F. Sulbaran
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Domingo Garzaro
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mailis Maes
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen L. Loureiro
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Flor H. Pujol
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
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Verhagen LM, Coenen MJ, López D, García JF, de Waard JH, Schijvenaars MMVAP, Hermans PWM, Aarnoutse RE. Full-gene sequencing analysis of NAT2 and its relationship with isoniazid pharmacokinetics in Venezuelan children with tuberculosis. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:285-96. [PMID: 24533708 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants in NAT2 are associated with pharmacokinetic variation of isoniazid, the cornerstone of antituberculosis treatment. We investigated the acetylator genotype and phenotype in children on antituberculosis treatment that were previously shown to have low plasma isoniazid levels. MATERIALS & METHODS NAT2 genotyping and phenotyping, represented as metabolic ratio of acetylisoniazid over isoniazid and as isoniazid half-life, were performed in 30 Venezuelan children. RESULTS Most children carried genotypes resulting in an intermediate or low enzyme activity (43 and 40%, respectively). Isoniazid exposure differed between genotypically slow and rapid acetylators (13.3 vs 4.5 h×mg/l, p < 0.01). Both the metabolic ratio as well as the half-life of isoniazid distinguished genotypically slow from genotypically rapid or intermediate acetylators (all p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION In Venezuelan children a clear difference in isoniazid pharmacokinetics and acetylator phenotype between genotypically slow and genotypically intermediate or rapid acetylating children was observed. Original submitted 31 July 2013; Revision submitted 11 November 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly M Verhagen
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Verhagen LM, Maes M, Villalba JA, d'Alessandro A, Rodriguez LP, España MF, Hermans PWM, de Waard JH. Agreement between QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube and the tuberculin skin test and predictors of positive test results in Warao Amerindian pediatric tuberculosis contacts. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:383. [PMID: 25012075 PMCID: PMC4227090 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon-gamma release assays have emerged as a more specific alternative to the tuberculin skin test (TST) for detection of tuberculosis (TB) infection, especially in Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinated people. We determined the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by TST and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and assessed agreement between the two test methods and factors associated with positivity in either test in Warao Amerindian children in Venezuela. Furthermore, progression to active TB disease was evaluated for up to 12 months. Methods 163 HIV-negative childhood household contacts under 16 years of age were enrolled for TST, QFT-GIT and chest X-ray (CXR). Follow-up was performed at six and 12 months. Factors associated with TST and QFT-GIT positivity were studied using generalized estimation equations logistic regression models. Results At baseline, the proportion of TST positive children was similar to the proportion of children with a positive QFT-GIT (47% vs. 42%, p = 0.12). Overall concordance between QFT-GIT and TST was substantial (kappa 0.76, 95% CI 0.46-1.06). Previous BCG vaccination was not associated with significantly increased positivity in either test (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.32-1.5 for TST and OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.14-1.9 for QFT-GIT). Eleven children were diagnosed with active TB at baseline. QFT-GIT had a higher sensitivity for active TB (88%, 95% CI 47-98%) than TST (55%, 95% CI 24-83%) while specificities were similar (respectively 58% and 55%). Five initially asymptomatic childhood contacts progressed to active TB disease during follow-up. Conclusion Replacement of TST by the QFT-GIT for detection of M. tuberculosis infection is not recommended in this resource-constrained setting as test results showed substantial concordance and TST positivity was not affected by previous BCG vaccination. The QFT-GIT had a higher sensitivity than the TST for the detection of TB disease. However, the value of the QFT-GIT as an adjunct in diagnosing TB disease is limited by a high variability in QFT-GIT results over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly M Verhagen
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Rivera-Olivero IA, del Nogal B, Fuentes M, Cortez R, Bogaert D, Hermans PW, Waard JHD. Immunogenicity of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and impact on carriage in Venezuelan children at risk of invasive pneumococcal diseases. Vaccine 2014; 32:4006-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Overeem MMA, Verhagen LM, Hermans PWM, del Nogal B, Sánchez AM, Acevedo NM, Murga RR, Roelfsema J, Pinelli E, de Waard JH. Recurrent wheezing is associated with intestinal protozoan infections in Warao Amerindian children in Venezuela: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:293. [PMID: 24885094 PMCID: PMC4045948 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While in developed countries the prevalence of allergic diseases is rising, inflammatory diseases are relatively uncommon in rural developing areas. High prevalence rates of helminth and protozoan infections are commonly found in children living in rural settings and several studies suggest an inverse association between helminth infections and allergies. No studies investigating the relationship between parasitic infections and atopic diseases in rural children of developing countries under the age of 2 years have been published so far. We performed a cross-sectional survey to investigate the association of helminth and protozoan infections and malnutrition with recurrent wheezing and atopic eczema in Warao Amerindian children in Venezuela. Methods From August to November 2012, 229 children aged 0 to 2 years residing in the Orinoco Delta in Venezuela were enrolled. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires and physical examination, including inspection of the skin and anthropometric measurements. A stool sample was requested from all participants and detection of different parasites was performed using microscopy and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results We observed high prevalence rates of atopic eczema and recurrent wheezing, respectively 19% and 23%. The prevalence of helminth infections was 26% and the prevalence of protozoan infections was 59%. Atopic eczema and recurrent wheezing were more frequently observed in stunted compared with non-stunted children in multivariable analysis (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.3 – 13.6, p = 0.015 and OR 4.5, 95% CI 0.97 – 21.2, p = 0.055). Furthermore, recurrent wheezing was significantly more often observed in children with protozoan infections than in children without protozoan infections (OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.5 – 30.5). Conclusions High prevalence rates of atopic eczema and recurrent wheezing in Warao Amerindian children under 2 years of age were related to stunting and intestinal protozoan infections respectively. Helminth infections were not significantly associated with either atopic eczema or recurrent wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella M A Overeem
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101 (Internal Post 224), 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Bello Gonzalez T, Rivera-Olivero IA, Sisco MC, Spadola E, Hermans PW, de Waard JH. PCR deduction of invasive and colonizing pneumococcal serotypes from Venezuela: a critical appraisal. J Infect Dev Ctries 2014; 8:469-73. [PMID: 24727513 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serotype surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae is indispensable for evaluating the potential impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Serotyping by the standard Quellung reaction is technically demanding, time consuming, and expensive. A simple and economical strategy is multiplex PCR-based serotyping. We evaluated the cost effectiveness of a modified serial multiplex PCR (mPCR), resolving 24 serotypes in four PCR reactions and optimally targeting the most prevalent invasive and colonizing pneumococcal serotypes found in Venezuela. METHODOLOGY A total of 223 pneumococcal isolates, 140 invasive and 83 carriage isolates, previously serotyped by the Quellung reaction and representing the 18 most common serotypes/groups identified in Venezuela, were serotyped with the adapted mPCR. RESULTS The mPCR serotyped 76% of all the strains in the first two PCR reactions and 91% after four reactions, correctly identifying 17 serotypes/groups. An isolate could be serotyped with mPCR in less than 2 minutes versus 15 minutes for the Quellung reaction, considerably lowering labor costs. A restrictive weakness of mPCR was found for the detection of 19F strains. Most Venezuelan 19F strains were not typeable using the mPCR, and two 19F cps serotype variants were identified. CONCLUSIONS The mPCR assay is an accurate, rapid, and economical method for the identification of the vast majority of the serotypes from Venezuela and can be used in place of the standard Quellung reaction. An exception is the identification of serotype 19F. In this setting, most 19F strains were not detectable with mPCR, demonstrating a need of serology-based quality control for PCR-based serotyping.
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Maes M, Verhagen LM, Ortega D, Sánchez GL, Segovia Y, del Nogal B, de Waard JH. Influence of Bacille Calmette-Guérin on tuberculin skin testing in Venezuelan Amerindians in high tuberculosis burden areas. J Infect Dev Ctries 2014; 8:176-83. [PMID: 24518627 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extraordinarily high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence rates have been reported in Venezuelan Amerindians. Amerindian populations often live in geographically isolated villages where they receive little medical attention and live under precarious sanitary conditions. TB prevalence varies by ethnicity and geographic location and is generally higher in Amerindians than in non-indigenous (Creole) people. METHODOLOGY Between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2009, the tuberculin skin test (TST) was administered during field operations to 9,538 Amerindian and Creole people between 0 and 94 years of age living in Venezuela. In 6,979 individuals (73%), Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination status, age, and ethnicity were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the influence of previous BCG vaccination, age, and ethnicity on TST outcomes. RESULTS Age, ethnicity, and the number of BCG vaccinations administered each had a significant influence on TST outcomes (p < 0.001). The influence of BCG vaccination on TST outcomes varied by ethnicity and was only significant in children aged between 0 and 3 years. CONCLUSIONS The utility of TST in the diagnosis of TB infection in high TB burden settings with widespread BCG vaccination should be evaluated locally and individually as this depends on ethnicity, age, and the number of BCG vaccinations administered. In Venezuelan children 4 years of age and older, the TST remains a useful tool for the detection of TB infection, independent of BCG vaccination status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailis Maes
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Verhagen LM, Incani RN, Franco CR, Ugarte A, Cadenas Y, Sierra Ruiz CI, Hermans PWM, Hoek D, Campos Ponce M, de Waard JH, Pinelli E. High malnutrition rate in Venezuelan Yanomami compared to Warao Amerindians and Creoles: significant associations with intestinal parasites and anemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77581. [PMID: 24143243 PMCID: PMC3797096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in rural areas experience the interrelated problems of poor growth, anemia and parasitic infections. We investigated the prevalence of and associations between intestinal helminth and protozoan infections, malnutrition and anemia in school-age Venezuelan children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 390 children aged 4-16 years from three rural areas of Venezuela: the Amazon Region, Orinoco Delta and Carabobo State. Stool samples were collected for direct parasitic examinations. Anthropometric indicators of chronic (height-for-age Z score) and acute (weight-for-height and Body Mass Index (BMI)-for-age Z score in respectively children under 5 years of age and children aged 5 years and above) malnutrition were calculated. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were built to determine factors associated with nutritional status and polyparasitism. RESULTS Hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis prevalences were highest in children from the Amazon rainforest (respectively 72% and 18%) while children from the Orinoco Delta and Carabobo State showed higher rates of Ascaris lumbricoides (respectively 28% and 37%) and Trichuris trichiura (40% in both regions). The prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection was not significantly different between regions (average: 18%). Anemia prevalence was highest in the Amazon Region (24%). Hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased in children with a hookworm infection. Malnutrition was present in respectively 84%, 30% and 13% of children from the Amazon Region, Orinoco Delta and Carabobo State. In multivariate analysis including all regions, G. lamblia and helminth infections were significantly and negatively associated with respectively height-for-age and weight-for-height/BMI-for-age Z scores. Furthermore, hemoglobin levels were positively associated with the height-for-age Z score (0.11, 95% CI 0.02 - 0.20). CONCLUSIONS In rural populations in Venezuela helminthiasis and giardiasis were associated with acute and chronic nutritional status respectively. These data highlight the need for an integrated approach to control transmission of parasites and improve the health status of rural Venezuelan children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly M. Verhagen
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renzo N. Incani
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
| | - Carolina R. Franco
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital de Niños ‘J.M. de los Ríos’, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alejandra Ugarte
- Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Yeneska Cadenas
- Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carmen I. Sierra Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Peter W. M. Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Hoek
- Center for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maiza Campos Ponce
- Department of Health Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Elena Pinelli
- Center for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Verhagen LM, Gómez-Castellano K, Snelders E, Rivera-Olivero I, Pocaterra L, Melchers WJ, de Waard JH, Hermans PW. Respiratory infections in Eñepa Amerindians are related to malnutrition and Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage. J Infect 2013; 67:273-81. [PMID: 23796866 PMCID: PMC7173337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) rates are observed in indigenous populations. We assessed the role of viral infections and nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in ARTIs in Eñepa Amerindians from Venezuela. METHODS In 40 children aged 0-10 years with ARTIs, healthy nearest-age sibling controls and their mothers the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae/psittachi and 15 respiratory viruses was investigated. RESULTS S. pneumoniae was the most frequently detected pathogen, with carriage rates of 75% and 38% in children and mothers respectively. In children, S. pneumoniae carriage was associated with ARTI risk in multivariate analysis (OR 14.1, 95% CI 1.4-137.7). Viral infections were not associated with ARTI risk. S. pneumoniae carriage was common in children of all ages while viral co-infections were more frequently present in children under 4 years compared to older children (46% vs. 17%, p < 0.01). An increase of one unit height-for-age Z score (i.e. improved chronic nutritional status) was associated with decreased odds of S. pneumoniae colonization in multivariate analysis (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44-0.99). CONCLUSIONS In Eñepa children high S. pneumoniae carriage rates associated with a poor nutritional status contribute to the development of ARTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly M. Verhagen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101 (Internal Post 224), 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Keyla Gómez-Castellano
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Eveline Snelders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ismar Rivera-Olivero
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Leonor Pocaterra
- Catédra de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina José María Vargas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Willem J.G. Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Peter W.M. Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101 (Internal Post 224), 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Goodridge A, Correa R, Castro P, Escobar C, de Waard JH. Serum samples can be substituted by plasma samples for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis. Prev Vet Med 2013; 112:147-9. [PMID: 23906389 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Employing plasma samples rather than serum samples for serological paratuberculosis diagnosis is practical, especially when bovine TB is assessed in the same cattle herd with the gamma interferon bovine avian (IFN-γ BA) test. We demonstrate that antibody titers in serum and plasma samples, utilizing the PARACHECK(®) ELISA kit, are highly comparable (Cohen's kappa test, k=0.955). We conclude that serum can be replaced with plasma in this commercially available antibody detection assay resulting in working hour savings for sampling and blood sample work-up and cost reductions for materials and sample storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amador Goodridge
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología INDICASAT-AIP, City of Knowledge, Panama.
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Kraai S, Verhagen LM, Valladares E, Goecke J, Rasquin L, Colmenares P, Del Nogal B, Hermans PW, de Waard JH. High prevalence of asthma symptoms in Warao Amerindian children in Venezuela is significantly associated with open-fire cooking: a cross-sectional observational study. Respir Res 2013; 14:76. [PMID: 23870058 PMCID: PMC3723947 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) reported a prevalence of asthma symptoms in 17 centers in nine Latin American countries that was similar to prevalence rates reported in non-tropical countries. It has been proposed that the continuous exposure to infectious diseases in rural populations residing in tropical areas leads to a relatively low prevalence of asthma symptoms. As almost a quarter of Latin American people live in rural tropical areas, the encountered high prevalence of asthma symptoms is remarkable. Wood smoke exposure and environmental tobacco smoke have been identified as possible risk factors for having asthma symptoms. Methods We performed a cross-sectional observational study from June 1, 2012 to September 30, 2012 in which we interviewed parents and guardians of Warao Amerindian children from Venezuela. Asthma symptoms were defined according to the ISAAC definition as self-reported wheezing in the last 12 months. The associations between wood smoke exposure and environmental tobacco smoke and the prevalence of asthma symptoms were calculated by means of univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results We included 630 children between two and ten years of age. Asthma symptoms were recorded in 164 of these children (26%). The prevalence of asthma symptoms was associated with the cooking method. Children exposed to the smoke produced by cooking on open wood fires were at higher risk of having asthma symptoms compared to children exposed to cooking with gas (AOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.18 - 3.84). Four percent of the children lived in a household where more than ten cigarettes were smoked per day and they had a higher risk of having asthma symptoms compared to children who were not exposed to cigarette smoke (AOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.11 - 6.48). Conclusion Our findings suggest that children living in rural settings in a household where wood is used for cooking or where more than ten cigarettes are smoked daily have a higher risk of having asthma symptoms.
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Verhagen LM, Zomer A, Maes M, Villalba JA, del Nogal B, Eleveld M, van Hijum SAFT, de Waard JH, Hermans PWM. A predictive signature gene set for discriminating active from latent tuberculosis in Warao Amerindian children. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:74. [PMID: 23375113 PMCID: PMC3600014 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) continues to cause a high toll of disease and death among children worldwide. The diagnosis of childhood TB is challenged by the paucibacillary nature of the disease and the difficulties in obtaining specimens. Whereas scientific and clinical research efforts to develop novel diagnostic tools have focused on TB in adults, childhood TB has been relatively neglected. Blood transcriptional profiling has improved our understanding of disease pathogenesis of adult TB and may offer future leads for diagnosis and treatment. No studies applying gene expression profiling of children with TB have been published so far. RESULTS We identified a 116-gene signature set that showed an average prediction error of 11% for TB vs. latent TB infection (LTBI) and for TB vs. LTBI vs. healthy controls (HC) in our dataset. A minimal gene set of only 9 genes showed the same prediction error of 11% for TB vs. LTBI in our dataset. Furthermore, this minimal set showed a significant discriminatory value for TB vs. LTBI for all previously published adult studies using whole blood gene expression, with average prediction errors between 17% and 23%. In order to identify a robust representative gene set that would perform well in populations of different genetic backgrounds, we selected ten genes that were highly discriminative between TB, LTBI and HC in all literature datasets as well as in our dataset. Functional annotation of these genes highlights a possible role for genes involved in calcium signaling and calcium metabolism as biomarkers for active TB. These ten genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in an additional cohort of 54 Warao Amerindian children with LTBI, HC and non-TB pneumonia. Decision tree analysis indicated that five of the ten genes were sufficient to classify 78% of the TB cases correctly with no LTBI subjects wrongly classified as TB (100% specificity). CONCLUSIONS Our data justify the further exploration of our signature set as biomarkers for potential childhood TB diagnosis. We show that, as the identification of different biomarkers in ethnically distinct cohorts is apparent, it is important to cross-validate newly identified markers in all available cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly M Verhagen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101 (internal post 224), Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Aldert Zomer
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101 (internal post 224), Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mailis Maes
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Julian A Villalba
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Berenice del Nogal
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital de Niños J.M. de los Ríos, Caracas, Venezuela
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marc Eleveld
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101 (internal post 224), Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha AFT van Hijum
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Peter WM Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101 (internal post 224), Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
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Rangel HR, Maes M, Villalba J, Sulbarán Y, de Waard JH, Bello G, Pujol FH. Evidence of at least two introductions of HIV-1 in the Amerindian Warao population from Venezuela. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40626. [PMID: 22808212 PMCID: PMC3395626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Venezuelan Amerindians were, until recently, free of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, in 2007, HIV-1 infection was detected for the first time in the Warao Amerindian population living in the Eastern part of Venezuela, in the delta of the Orinoco river. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of the HIV-1 circulating in this population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The pol genomic region was sequenced for 16 HIV-1 isolates and for some of them, sequences from env, vif and nef genomic regions were obtained. All HIV-1 isolates were classified as subtype B, with exception of one that was classified as subtype C. The 15 subtype B isolates exhibited a high degree of genetic similarity and formed a highly supported monophyletic cluster in each genomic region analyzed. Evolutionary analyses of the pol genomic region indicated that the date of the most recent common ancestor of the Waraos subtype B clade dates back to the late 1990s. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE At least two independent introductions of HIV-1 have occurred in the Warao Amerindians from Venezuela. The HIV-1 subtype B was successfully established and got disseminated in the community, while no evidence of local dissemination of the HIV-1 subtype C was detected in this study. These results warrant further surveys to evaluate the burden of this disease, which can be particularly devastating in this Amerindian population, with a high prevalence of tuberculosis, hepatitis B, among other infectious diseases, and with limited access to primary health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor R. Rangel
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mailis Maes
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Julian Villalba
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Yoneira Sulbarán
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratorio de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flor H. Pujol
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
- * E-mail:
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