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Gabaldón-Figueira JC, Villegas L, Grillet ME, Lezaun J, Pocaterra L, Bevilacqua M, Paniz-Mondolfi A, González ON, Chaccour C. Malaria in Venezuela: Gabaldón's legacy scattered to the winds. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9:e584-e585. [PMID: 33865468 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leopoldo Villegas
- Asociación Civil Impacto Social, Tumeremo, Venezuela; Global Development One, Silver Springs, MD, USA
| | - Maria Eugenia Grillet
- Laboratorio de Biologí de Vectores y Parásitos, Instituto de Zoologí y Ecologí Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Javier Lezaun
- Institute for Science Innovation and Society, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leonor Pocaterra
- Cátedra de Parasitologí, Escuela de Medicina "José Marí Vargas", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mariapí Bevilacqua
- Asociación Venezolana para la Conservación de las Áreas Naturales, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Academia Nacional de Medicina, Caracas, Venezuela; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Oscar Noya González
- Seccion de Biohelmintiasis, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro para Estudios Sobre Malaria, Instituto de Altos Estudios "Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldón", Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Aragua, Venezuela
| | - Carlos Chaccour
- Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain; ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
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Verhagen LM, Gómez-Castellano K, Snelders E, Rivera-Olivero I, Pocaterra L, Melchers WJ, de Waard JH, Hermans PW. Respiratory infections in Eñepa Amerindians are related to malnutrition and Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage. J Infect 2013; 67:273-81. [PMID: 23796866 PMCID: PMC7173337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) rates are observed in indigenous populations. We assessed the role of viral infections and nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in ARTIs in Eñepa Amerindians from Venezuela. METHODS In 40 children aged 0-10 years with ARTIs, healthy nearest-age sibling controls and their mothers the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae/psittachi and 15 respiratory viruses was investigated. RESULTS S. pneumoniae was the most frequently detected pathogen, with carriage rates of 75% and 38% in children and mothers respectively. In children, S. pneumoniae carriage was associated with ARTI risk in multivariate analysis (OR 14.1, 95% CI 1.4-137.7). Viral infections were not associated with ARTI risk. S. pneumoniae carriage was common in children of all ages while viral co-infections were more frequently present in children under 4 years compared to older children (46% vs. 17%, p < 0.01). An increase of one unit height-for-age Z score (i.e. improved chronic nutritional status) was associated with decreased odds of S. pneumoniae colonization in multivariate analysis (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44-0.99). CONCLUSIONS In Eñepa children high S. pneumoniae carriage rates associated with a poor nutritional status contribute to the development of ARTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly M. Verhagen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101 (Internal Post 224), 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Keyla Gómez-Castellano
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Eveline Snelders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ismar Rivera-Olivero
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Leonor Pocaterra
- Catédra de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina José María Vargas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Willem J.G. Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1010 Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Peter W.M. Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101 (Internal Post 224), 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bello González T, Rivera-Olivero IA, Pocaterra L, Spadola E, Araque M, Hermans PWM, De Waard JH. [Pneumococcal carriage in mothers and children of the Panare Amerindians from the State of Bolivar, Venezuela]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2010; 42:30-4. [PMID: 20461291 DOI: 10.1590/s0325-75412010000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In North America, the indigenous groups have been identified as a population with increased risk of pneumococcal colonization and pneumococcal invasive disease. However, little information is available from South American natives. In the present study we evaluated the nasopharyngeal carriage and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in mothers and children of the Panare people from Venezuela. In May 2008, in 8 distinct geographically isolated communities, 148 nasopharyngeal samples were obtained from 64 healthy mothers and 84 healthy Panare children under 5 years of age. S. pneumoniae was isolated and identified by standard techniques. Strains were typified by multiplex PCR and resistance patterns were determined by the disk diffusion method. A total of 65 strains were isolated; 11% of the mothers and 69% of the children carried S. pneumoniae. Serotypes 6B (48%), 33F (21,5%), 6A (6%), 19A (3,1%) and 23F (1,5%) were the most predominant. Of the 6 colonized mother-child pairs, 3 pairs (2 with 6B), were colonized with the same serotype. All strains were sensitive to penicillin and 13,7% were resistant to macrolides. The high colonization rates in the Panare people suggest that the children are at increased risk of pneumococcal invasive disease and could benefit from vaccination. Four conjugate vaccine serotypes (6B, 6A, 19A and 23F) representing 58 % of all strains were present in the population at the moment of sampling. Resistance to antibiotics is (still) not a problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bello González
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Caracas, Venezuela
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Certad G, Ngouanesavanh T, Hernan A, Rojas E, Contreras R, Pocaterra L, Nuñez L, Dei-Cas E, Guyot K. First Molecular Data on Cryptosporidiosis in Venezuela. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2006; 53 Suppl 1:S30-2. [PMID: 17169060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
MESH Headings
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Child, Preschool
- Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology
- Cryptosporidium/classification
- Cryptosporidium/genetics
- Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification
- DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Diarrhea/parasitology
- Feces/parasitology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Venezuela
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Certad
- Ecologie du Parasitisme (EA 3609), IFR 142, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, rue du professeur Calmette-BP245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France.
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Pocaterra L, Jain S, Reddy R, Muzaffarullah S, Torres O, Suneetha S, Lockwood DNJ. Clinical course of erythema nodosum leprosum: an 11-year cohort study in Hyderabad, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 74:868-79. [PMID: 16687695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) or type 2 lepra reactions complicate lepromatous leprosy and borderline lepromatous leprosy. We report an 11-year retrospective case record analysis of 481 outpatients with borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy at the Dhoolpet Leprosy Research Center in Hyderabad, India.. The overall prevalence of ENL was 24%, 49.4% among cases of lepromatous leprosy (LL) and 9% among cases of borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy. Logistic regression analysis identified LL (odds ratio [OR] = 8.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.6-15.4, P < 0.001) and BL with a bacterial index > or = 4+ (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 2.1-12.9, P = 0.001) as major risk factors. The average patient with ENL was male, 34.7 years of age, and had multiple episodes of ENL (mean = 3.1) over an 18.5-month period. Three types of ENL were identified: single acute ENL, multiple acute ENL (repeated discrete episodes), and chronic ENL (continuous episodes). Acute single ENL is rare, accounting for only 8% of cases. Chronic ENL accounted for 62.5% of the cohort. Chronic ENL was of longer duration and more severe. An age > or = 35 years was a risk factor for developing chronic ENL. Patients with chronic ENL were more compliant with multi-drug therapy, especially during the first six doses of multi-drug therapy. Distinguishing these different types of ENL would be useful for patient management and developing improved treatment of these debilitating reactions. Improved strategies for treatment and management of these reactions need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Pocaterra
- Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Ruiz-Sáez A, Sifontes LN, Feijoo R, Certad G, Arenas-Pinto A, Pocaterra L, Ferrara G, Giménez R, Torres O, Goldstein C, Bosch N. Platelet dysfunction-eosinophilia syndrome in parasitized Venezuelan children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 73:381-5. [PMID: 16103609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet dysfunction was detected in six children with purpura and eosinophilia. We conducted clinical evaluations, hematologic and platelet function tests, clotting studies (bleeding time, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, factor XIII, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor), assays for IgG and IgM antibodies to platelets, and a search for stool parasites. Mild bleeding phenomena (ecchymoses, petechiae, epistaxis, and gingival) were transient. All children showed intestinal parasites and marked eosinophilia (mean count = 2,615.2 cells/muL, 95% confidence interval = 1,259.6-5,429.8). Main abnormalities included prolonged bleeding times (50%) and defective aggregation with collagen (100%) adrenaline (66%), or ADP (66%). Antibodies to platelets were not detected. Anti-parasite therapy reversed the hemorrhagic manifestations and normalized eosinophil counts and platelet alterations. No relationship could be established between excess eosinophils, intensity of bleeding, or type and degree of platelet abnormalities. Thrombocytopathic features mimicked the intrinsic defect of storage pool disease. The possible pathogenic roles of eosinophilia and parasitism are reviewed. This is the first report of this pathologic combination in Latin American children.
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Certad G, Arenas-Pinto A, Pocaterra L, Ferrara G, Castro J, Bello A, Núñez L. Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected Venezuelan adults is strongly associated with acute or chronic diarrhea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 73:54-7. [PMID: 16014832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and its clinical and laboratory pattern in Venezuelan HIV-infected patients (N = 397). At enrollment, they underwent thorough clinical history and physical examination and provided stool specimens for the identification of Cryptosporidium sp. and other parasites. Cryptosporidium sp. was identified in 59 subjects (15%). This infection was strongly associated with acute and chronic diarrhea, weight loss, CD4(+) counts below 100 cells/mm(3), older age in patients with leukopenia, and more than 5 stools per day when CD4(+) counts were below 100 cells/mm(3). In addition, patients with Cryptosporidium infection were less likely to be coinfected with Isospora belli (OR = 0.05, P = 0.001). In fact, results of the current study confirm the worldwide importance of cryptosporidiosis as a clinically significant opportunistic infection associated with an advanced stage of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Certad
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina José María Vargas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, San José Caracas, Venezuela.
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Certad G, Arenas-Pinto A, Pocaterra L, Ferrara G, Castro J, Bello A, Núñez L. Isosporiasis in Venezuelan adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus: clinical characterization. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003; 69:217-22. [PMID: 13677379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of isosporiasis and its clinical and laboratory pattern in Venezuelan patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (n = 397). At enrollment, they underwent a thorough clinical history and physical examination, and provided stool specimens for the identification of Isospora belli and other parasites. Isospora belli was identified in 56 subjects (14%) and diarrhea, either acute or chronic, was present in 98% of these cases (P < 0.001). Eosinophilia was strongly associated with isosporiasis (P = 0.01). It was also found that the presence of eosinophilia was more common in I. belli-infected patients without weight loss (P < 0.001). Twenty-six (81.25%) subjects with I. belli infection had CD4+ cell counts < 200 cells/mm3 (P = 0.03). In addition, the data and its description shows the association to be < 100 cells/mm3. This infection seems to be seasonal because the recovery of oocysts occurred mainly in months with significant rainfall. In fact, isosporiasis should be suspected in HIV-infected patients from tropical countries with diarrhea, weight loss, eosinophilia, and low CD4+ cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Certad
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina J. M. Vargas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, San José, Caracas, Venezuela.
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