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Murillo Carrasco AG, Giovanini G, Ramos AF, Chammas R, Bustos SO. Insights from a Computational-Based Approach for Analyzing Autophagy Genes across Human Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1550. [PMID: 37628602 PMCID: PMC10454514 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a boost in autophagy reports due to its role in cancer progression and its association with tumor resistance to treatment. Despite this, many questions remain to be elucidated and explored among the different tumors. Here, we used omics-based cancer datasets to identify autophagy genes as prognostic markers in cancer. We then combined these findings with independent studies to further characterize the clinical significance of these genes in cancer. Our observations highlight the importance of innovative approaches to analyze tumor heterogeneity, potentially affecting the expression of autophagy-related genes with either pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral functions. In silico analysis allowed for identifying three genes (TBC1D12, KERA, and TUBA3D) not previously described as associated with autophagy pathways in cancer. While autophagy-related genes were rarely mutated across human cancers, the expression profiles of these genes allowed the clustering of different cancers into three independent groups. We have also analyzed datasets highlighting the effects of drugs or regulatory RNAs on autophagy. Altogether, these data provide a comprehensive list of targets to further the understanding of autophagy mechanisms in cancer and investigate possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (S.O.B.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Giovanini
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (G.G.); (A.F.R.)
| | - Alexandre Ferreira Ramos
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (G.G.); (A.F.R.)
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (S.O.B.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (S.O.B.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
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2
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Li C, Yang T, Yuan Y, Wen R, Yu H. Bioinformatic analysis of hub markers and immune cell infiltration characteristics of gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202529. [PMID: 37359529 PMCID: PMC10288199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Due to the lack of specific markers, the early diagnosis of gastric cancer is very low, and most patients with gastric cancer are diagnosed at advanced stages. The aim of this study was to identify key biomarkers of GC and to elucidate GC-associated immune cell infiltration and related pathways. Methods Gene microarray data associated with GC were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm were used to identify pivotal genes for GC and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of GC hub markers using the subjects' working characteristic curves. In addition, the infiltration levels of 28 immune cells in GC and their interrelationship with hub markers were analyzed using ssGSEA. And further validated by RT-qPCR. Results A total of 133 DEGs were identified. The biological functions and signaling pathways closely associated with GC were inflammatory and immune processes. Nine expression modules were obtained by WGCNA, with the pink module having the highest correlation with GC; 13 crossover genes were obtained by combining DEGs. Subsequently, the LASSO algorithm and validation set verification analysis were used to finally identify three hub genes as potential biomarkers of GC. In the immune cell infiltration analysis, infiltration of activated CD4 T cell, macrophages, regulatory T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells was more significant in GC. The validation part demonstrated that three hub genes were expressed at lower levels in the gastric cancer cells. Conclusion The use of WGCNA combined with the LASSO algorithm to identify hub biomarkers closely related to GC can help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of GC development and is important for finding new immunotherapeutic targets and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Tan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rou Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Liu Y, Shi Y, Han R, Liu C, Qin X, Li P, Gu R. Signaling pathways of oxidative stress response: the potential therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139589. [PMID: 37143652 PMCID: PMC10151477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the top causes of cancer-related death globally. Although novel treatment strategies have been developed, attempts to eradicate gastric cancer have been proven insufficient. Oxidative stress is continually produced and continually present in the human body. Increasing evidences show that oxidative stress contributes significantly to the development of gastric cancer, either through initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer cells or causing cell death. As a result, the purpose of this article is to review the role of oxidative stress response and the subsequent signaling pathways as well as potential oxidative stress-related therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. Understanding the pathophysiology of gastric cancer and developing new therapies for gastric cancer depends on more researches focusing on the potential contributors to oxidative stress and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoge Liu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial - Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaogang Qin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Pengfei Li, ; Xiaogang Qin,
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Pengfei Li, ; Xiaogang Qin,
| | - Renjun Gu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Pengfei Li, ; Xiaogang Qin,
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Pant A, Yao X, Lavedrine A, Viret C, Dockterman J, Chauhan S, Chong-Shan Shi, Manjithaya R, Cadwell K, Kufer TA, Kehrl JH, Coers J, Sibley LD, Faure M, Taylor GA, Chauhan S. Interactions of Autophagy and the Immune System in Health and Diseases. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2022; 1:438-515. [PMID: 37425656 PMCID: PMC10327624 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that utilizes lysosomes to selectively degrade a variety of intracellular cargo, thus providing quality control over cellular components and maintaining cellular regulatory functions. Autophagy is triggered by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient starvation to microbial infection. Autophagy extensively shapes and modulates the inflammatory response, the concerted action of immune cells, and secreted mediators aimed to eradicate a microbial infection or to heal sterile tissue damage. Here, we first review how autophagy affects innate immune signaling, cell-autonomous immune defense, and adaptive immunity. Then, we discuss the role of non-canonical autophagy in microbial infections and inflammation. Finally, we review how crosstalk between autophagy and inflammation influences infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Pant
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aude Lavedrine
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Jake Dockterman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Swati Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chong-Shan Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John H. Kehrl
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular And Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana
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Identification and Validation of Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Sevoflurane-Induced Hippocampal Neurotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4435161. [PMID: 36238640 PMCID: PMC9553355 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4435161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Sevoflurane is one of the most popular inhalational anesthetics during perioperative period but presenting neurotoxicity among pediatric and aged populations. Recent experiments in vivo and in vitro have indicated that ferroptosis may contribute to the neurotoxicity of sevoflurane anesthesia. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. Methods In current study, we explored the differential expressed genes (DEGs) in HT-22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells after sevoflurane anesthesia using RNA-seq. Differential expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) were screened and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. Protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). Significant modules and the hub genes were identified by using Cytoscape. The Connectivity Map (cMAP) was used for screening drug candidates targeting the identified DEFRGs. Potential TF-gene network and drug-gene pairs were established towards the hub genes. In final, we validated these results in experiments. Results A total of 37 ferroptosis-related genes (18 upregulated and 19 downregulated) after sevoflurane exposure in hippocampal neuronal cells were finally identified. These differentially expressed genes were mainly involved into the biological processes of cellular response to oxidative stress. Pathway analysis indicated that these genes were involved in ferroptosis, mTOR signaling pathway, and longevity-regulating pathway. PPI network was constructed. 10 hub genes including Prkaa2, Chac1, Arntl, Tfrc, Slc7a11, Atf4, Mgst1, Lpin1, Atf3, and Sesn2 were found. Top 10 drug candidates, gene-drug networks, and TFs targeting these genes were finally identified. These results were validated in experiments. Conclusion Our results suggested that ferroptosis-related genes play roles in sevoflurane anesthesia-related hippocampal neuron injury and offered the hub genes and potential therapeutic agents for investigating and treatment of this neurotoxicity after sevoflurane exposure. Finally, therapeutic effect of these drug candidates and function of potential ferroptosis targets should be further investigated for treatment and clarifying mechanisms of sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuron injury in future research.
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Salarikia SR, Kashkooli M, Taghipour MJ, Malekpour M, Negahdaripour M. Identification of hub pathways and drug candidates in gastric cancer through systems biology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9099. [PMID: 35650297 PMCID: PMC9160265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth cause of cancer death globally, and gastric adenocarcinoma is its most common type. Efforts for the treatment of gastric cancer have increased its median survival rate by only seven months. Due to the relatively low response of gastric cancer to surgery and adjuvant therapy, as well as the complex role of risk factors in its incidences, such as protein-pomp inhibitors (PPIs) and viral and bacterial infections, we aimed to study the pathological pathways involved in gastric cancer development and investigate possible medications by systems biology and bioinformatics tools. In this study, the protein-protein interaction network was analyzed based on microarray data, and possible effective compounds were discovered. Non-coding RNA versus coding RNA interaction network and gene-disease network were also reconstructed to better understand the underlying mechanisms. It was found that compounds such as amiloride, imatinib, omeprazole, troglitazone, pantoprazole, and fostamatinib might be effective in gastric cancer treatment. In a gene-disease network, it was indicated that diseases such as liver carcinoma, breast carcinoma, liver fibrosis, prostate cancer, ovarian carcinoma, and lung cancer were correlated with gastric adenocarcinoma through specific genes, including hgf, mt2a, mmp2, fbn1, col1a1, and col1a2. It was shown that signaling pathways such as cell cycle, cell division, and extracellular matrix organization were overexpressed, while digestion and ion transport pathways were underexpressed. Based on a multilevel systems biology analysis, hub genes in gastric adenocarcinoma showed participation in the pathways such as focal adhesion, platelet activation, gastric acid secretion, HPV infection, and cell cycle. PPIs are hypothesized to have a therapeutic effect on patients with gastric cancer. Fostamatinib seems a potential therapeutic drug in gastric cancer due to its inhibitory effect on two survival genes. However, these findings should be confirmed through experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Kashkooli
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Taghipour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.
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Zhao Y, Wang Q, Zeng Y, Xie Y, Zhou J. Gastrin/CCK-B Receptor Signaling Promotes Cell Invasion and Metastasis by Upregulating MMP-2 and VEGF Expression in Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:134-145. [PMID: 34976177 PMCID: PMC8692687 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that a functional loop composed of gastrin and cholecystokinin B receptor (CCK-BR) may exist in gastric carcinogenesis. However, this suggestion is not completely supported due to a lack of direct evidence, and the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Here, we evaluated the effects of gastrin/CCK-BR signaling on the cell growth, invasion, and expression of MMP-2 and VEGF, as well as xenograft growth in vivo. Furthermore, we detected gastrin mRNA content in human gastric cancer tissues, metastatic lymph nodes, and adjacent nontumor tissues. We found that the forced gastrin could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells by upregulating the expression of MMP-2 and VEGF. Blocking gastrin/CCK-BR signal using either Proglumide, a CCK-BR antagonist, or shRNA against GASTRIN significantly inhibited the gastrin-promoting effects. In vivo study revealed that the tumor growth in nude mice inoculated with gastrin-overexpressed cells was significantly faster than control cells. The gastrin mRNA content in metastatic lymph nodes was higher in patients with gastric cancer than in primary gastric cancer and adjacent nontumor tissues. In conclusion, we provided direct evidence and possible mechanism of gastrin/CCK-BR signaling in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qinrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Fang L, Lv J, Xuan Z, Li B, Li Z, He Z, Li F, Xu J, Wang S, Xia Y, Jiang T, Zhang L, Wang L, Zhang D, Xu H, Yang L, Xu Z, Wang W. Circular CPM promotes chemoresistance of gastric cancer via activating PRKAA2-mediated autophagy. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e708. [PMID: 35075806 PMCID: PMC8787023 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy can significantly improve the disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is frequently applied in the clinic, acting as a first-line chemotherapy drug of advanced GC, which could be used alone or combining platinum drugs. However, its efficacy is significantly attenuated by chemoresistance, which is associated with patients' poor survival. Recently, there is evidence suggesting that dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to drug resistance in cancer, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) also take part in chemoresistance. However, whether circRNAs participate in 5-FU chemoresistance through autophagy remains largely unknown. METHODS RNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics analysis were performed in GC. Sanger sequencing, Actinomycin D assay and RNase R assay confirmed the circular structure of circular CPM (circCPM). Various cell line models and animal models were used to explore related functions in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization, ribonucleic acid; (RNA) pulldown assays, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assays and Luciferase reporter assays were applied to explore involved pathways. RESULTS circCPM was up-regulated in 5-FU resistant GC cell lines and tissue. Moreover, high circCPM expression is positively associated with poor survival. Silencing circCPM greatly improved chemosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, it directly binds to miR-21-3p in the cytoplasm and therefore increases the expression of PRKAA2, contributing to the activation of autophagy and chemoresistance. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that circCPM has a crucial role in regulating GC autophagy and 5-FU resistance by targeting PRKAA2. It may function as a new theory basis for assessing the curative effect of GC and reversing 5-FU chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Fang
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jialun Lv
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhe Xuan
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bowen Li
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zheng Li
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fengyuan Li
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jianghao Xu
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Sen Wang
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yiwen Xia
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tianlu Jiang
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lu Zhang
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Linjun Wang
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hao Xu
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Li Yang
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer BiomarkersPrevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Wang L, Zhang M, Wang J, Zhang J. Diagnostic and therapeutic potencies of miR-18a-5p in mixed-type gastric adenocarcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1062-1071. [PMID: 33942935 PMCID: PMC8453821 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-type gastric adenocarcinoma (by Lauren Classification) has poor clinical outcomes with few targeted treatment options. The primary objective of this study was to find the prognostic factors, accurate treatment approaches, and effective postoperative adjuvant therapy strategies for patients with mixed-type gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). A microRNA sequencing data set and the corresponding clinical parameters of patients with gastric cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) of diffuse- and intestinal-type GA were, respectively, determined. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were subsequently carried out to evaluate the prognostic relevance of each DEM. To study the common factors between diffuse- and intestinal-type GA, a pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the target genes of identified DEMs using the PANTHER database. After data preprocessing, we analyzed a total of 230 samples from 210 patients with GA. Eighty-six DEMs in diffuse-type GA samples and 59 DEMs in intestinal-type GA samples were, respectively, identified (p 2.0). The Kaplan-Meier survival method further screened out six prognosis-related DEMs for diffuse-type GA and seven prognosis-related DEMs for intestinal-type GA (p < 0.05). MiR-18a-5p was found to be the only common prognosis-related DEM between diffuse- and intestinal-type GA. The common signaling pathways further revealed that target genes of miR-18a-5p are involved in mixed-type GA progression. This study suggests that miR-18a-5p acts as a potential target for treatment, and common signal pathways provide a rich basis to seek reliable and effective molecular targets for the diagnosis, clinical treatment, and postoperative adjuvant therapy strategy of mixed-type GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
- Department of SurgeryThe Hospital of Chang'an UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Knockdown of Gastrin Promotes Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Decreasing ROS Generation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5590037. [PMID: 33937399 PMCID: PMC8062189 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5590037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overexpressed gastrin is reported to promote oncogenesis and development of gastric cancer by inhibiting apoptosis of cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our study is aimed at revealing the mechanism underlying the effect of gastrin on apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Gastrin-interfering cell line was constructed by stably transfecting gastrin-specific pshRNA plasmid to gastric cancer cell line BGC-823. Then, differentially expressed proteins between untreated BGC-823 and gastrin-interfering BGC-823 cell lines were detected by the iTRAQ technique. GO and KEGG analysis was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes that code these differentially expressed proteins. The Annexin V-FITC staining assay was used to detect gastric cancer cell apoptosis. The DCFH-DA fluorescent probe staining assay was used to measure intracellular ROS. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to analyze the mitochondria respiratory chain proteins and apoptosis-related proteins. A total of 107 differentially expressed proteins were identified by iTRAQ. GO and KEGG analysis showed that proteins coded by the corresponding differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain, and the expression of three proteins (COX17, COX5B, ATP5J) was upregulated. The three proteins with higher scores were verified by Western blot. The apoptosis rate of the gastrin knockdown cancer cell was significantly increased; meanwhile, gastrin knockdown leads to increase of membrane potential and decrease of intracellular ROS production. Additionally, Bax was significantly increased, whereas NF-κB-p65 and Bcl-2 were downregulated after knockdown of gastrin. Concomitantly, pretreatment with NAC reversed the effect of gastrin on the Bax and Bcl-2 expression. Gastrin promotes the production of ROS from mitochondria, activates NF-κB, and inhibits apoptosis via modulating the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax.
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11
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Sheng Y, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Li X, Qiu J, Wu J, Cheng L, Han J. CNA2Subpathway: identification of dysregulated subpathway driven by copy number alterations in cancer. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6076935. [PMID: 33423051 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological pathways reflect the key cellular mechanisms that dictate disease states, drug response and altered cellular function. The local areas of pathways are defined as subpathways (SPs), whose dysfunction has been reported to be associated with the occurrence and development of cancer. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, identifying dysfunctional SPs by using multi-omics data has become possible. Moreover, the SPs are not isolated in the biological system but interact with each other. Here, we propose a network-based calculated method, CNA2Subpathway, to identify dysfunctional SPs is driven by somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) in cancer through integrating pathway topology information, multi-omics data and SP crosstalk. This provides a novel way of SP analysis by using the SP interactions in the system biological level. Using data sets from breast cancer and head and neck cancer, we validate the effectiveness of CNA2Subpathway in identifying cancer-relevant SPs driven by the somatic CNAs, which are also shown to be associated with cancer immune and prognosis of patients. We further compare our results with five pathway or SP analysis methods based on CNA and gene expression data without considering SP crosstalk. With these analyses, we show that CNA2Subpathway could help to uncover dysfunctional SPs underlying cancer via the use of SP crosstalk. CNA2Subpathway is developed as an R-based tool, which is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/hanjunwei-lab/CNA2Subpathway).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Sheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jiayue Qiu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jiashuo Wu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Junwei Han
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, China
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12
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Zheng Y, Xie M, Zhang N, Liu J, Song Y, Zhou L, Yang M. miR-1262 suppresses gastric cardia adenocarcinoma via targeting oncogene ULK1. J Cancer 2021; 12:1231-1239. [PMID: 33442421 PMCID: PMC7797638 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) is one of two main gastric cancer subtypes and has its own epidemiological, pathogenic and clinical characteristics. Genetic polymorphisms locating in a microRNA (miRNA) gene enhancer could transcriptionally regulates miRNA expression via impacting binding of transcriptional factors. It is still unclear how miR-1262 and a potential regulatory rs12740674 polymorphism mapping to a strong enhancer region of miR-1262 contribute to GCA development. We genotyped miR-1262 rs12740674 in two independent case-control sets consisting of 1,024 GCA patients and 1,118 controls, and found that the rs12740674 CT or TT genotype carriers had a 0.69-fold decreased risk to develop GCA compared to the CC genotype carriers (95% confidence interval=0.57-0.84, P=2.1×10-4). In the genotype-phenotype correlation analyses of 21 pairs of GCA-normal tissues, the rs12740674 CT or TT genotype was associated with significantly increased levels of miR-1262. Cell proliferation, wound healing and transwell assays elucidated that miR-1262 is a novel GCA tumor suppressor. Consistently, a significantly down-regulated level of miR-1262 exists in GCA specimens compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, multiple lines of evidences indicated that oncogene ULK1 is the target gene of miR-1262 in GCA. Our findings demonstrate miR-1262 transcriptionally modulated by an enhancer genetic variant suppresses GCA via targeting oncogene ULK1. Our data highlight miR-1262 as a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyu Xie
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nasha Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yemei Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Huaian No. 2 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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13
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Long J, Zhang S, Zeng X, Ouyang Y, Wang Y, Hu Z, Ye Y, Wu W, Jin F, Zhou S, Zeng Z. Development of an Immunogenomic Landscape-Based Prognostic Index of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:586344. [PMID: 33330624 PMCID: PMC7732611 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.586344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the eighth leading cancer by incidence worldwide, with approximately 700,000 new cases in 2018 (accounting for 11% of all cancers). The occurrence and development of tumors are closely related to the immunological function of the body and sensitivity to treatment schemes as well as prognosis. It is urgent for clinicians to systematically study patients’ immune gene maps to help select a treatment plan and analyze the potential to cure HNSCC. Here, the transcriptomic data of HNSCC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and 4,793 genes differentially expressed in normal and cancer tissues of HNSCC were identified, including 1,182 downregulated and 3,611 upregulated genes. From these genes, 400 differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs) were extracted, including 95 downregulated genes and 305 upregulated genes. The prognostic values of IRGs were evaluated by univariate Cox analysis, and 236 genes that were significantly related to the overall survival (OS) of patients were identified. The signaling pathways that play roles in the prognosis of IRGs were investigated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, and the expression profiles of IRGs and OS in 499 HNSCC patients based on TCGA dataset were integrated. Potential molecular mechanisms and characteristics of these HNSCC-specific IRGs were further explored with the help of a new prognostic index based on IRGs developed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis. A total of 64 hub genes (IRGs associated with prognosis) were markedly associated with the clinical outcome of HNSCC patients. KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were actively involved in several pathways, e.g., cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, T-cell receptor signaling, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. IRG-based prognostic signatures performed moderately in prognostic predictions. Interestingly, the prognostic index based on IRGs reflected infiltration by several types of immune cells. These data screened several IRGs of clinical significance and revealed drivers of the immune repertoire, demonstrating the importance of a personalized IRG-based immune signature in the recognition, surveillance, and prognosis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Long
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianlin Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zuquan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuannong Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weili Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Department of Intervention, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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14
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Abstract
There is a lot of abnormal information in the development of lung cancer, and how to extract useful knowledge is urgent from massive information. Data mining technology has become a popular tool for medical classification and prediction. However, each technology has its advantage and disadvantage, and several data mining methods will be applied to conduct the in-depth analysis step by step. And the prediction results of different models are compared. A total of 180 lung cancer patients and 243 lung benign individuals were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2014 to March 2016, and the prediction models based on epidemiological data, clinical features and tumor markers were developed by artificial neural network (ANN), decision tree C5.0 and support vector machine (SVM). The results showed that there were significant differences between the lung cancer group and the lung benign group in terms of seven tumor markers and 10 epidemiological and clinical indicators. The accuracy rates of ANN, C5.0 and SVM were 76.47, 89.92 and 85.71%, respectively. The results of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve revealed the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of ANN was 0.811 (0.770-0.847), the AUC of C5.0 was 0.897 (0.864-0.924) and the AUC of SVM was 0.878 (0.843-0.908). It was shown that the decision tree C5.0 model has the least error rate and highest accuracy, and it could be used to diagnose lung cancer.
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15
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Chang J, Liu ZS, Song DF, Li M, Zhang S, Zhao K, Guan YT, Ren HL, Li YS, Zhou Y, Liu XL, Lu SY, Hu P. Cholecystokinin type 2 receptor in colorectal cancer: diagnostic and therapeutic target. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2205-2217. [PMID: 32488497 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholecystokinin type 2 receptor (CCK2R), which mediates the action of gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK), has been demonstrated to promote the proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC). A number of studies showed that CCK2R overexpressed in gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer but few in CRC. The correlation between CCK2R expression and clinicopathological characteristics is also not clear. METHODS This study investigated CCK2R expression in a wide range of cell lines and clinical CRC samples, and explored expression pattern and prognostic value of CCK2R in relation to clinicopathological parameters. The location and expression levels of CCK2R were measured by immunocytochemical (ICC), qRT-PCR and Western blot. The druggability and antineoplastic effects of CCK2R as a therapeutic target were investigated using an anti-CCK2R targeting recombinant toxin named rCCK8PE38 by CCK-8 assay. RESULTS Compared with paracarcinoma tissues, tumor samples showed overexpression of CCK2R (p = 0.028) including both CRC tissue and plasma samples, with plasma detection showing a significant indication for CCK2R evaluation. Aberrant expression correlated significantly with histological type (p = 0.032) and p53 status (p < 0.01), and patients with CCK2R overexpression had significantly lower disease-free survival. Application of rCCK8PE38 demonstrated the specificity and druggability of CCK2R as a therapeutic target, providing a strategy for clinical case screening of drugs targeting CCK2R. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the aberrant expression and clinical correlation of CCK2R and reveals its diagnostic, prognostic and treatment value in CRC. We hypothesize that CCK2R serve as a target for the diagnosis and treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Double-First Class Discipline of Human-Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zeng-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Double-First Class Discipline of Human-Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - De-Feng Song
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Xian Tai Da Jie 126, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Double-First Class Discipline of Human-Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Double-First Class Discipline of Human-Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Double-First Class Discipline of Human-Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yu-Ting Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Double-First Class Discipline of Human-Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hong-Lin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Double-First Class Discipline of Human-Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Double-First Class Discipline of Human-Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Double-First Class Discipline of Human-Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xi-Lin Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Xian Tai Da Jie 126, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Shi-Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Double-First Class Discipline of Human-Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Double-First Class Discipline of Human-Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education/Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun, 130062, China.
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16
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He J, Shi XY, Li ZM, Pan XH, Li ZL, Chen Y, Yan SJ, Xiao L. Proton pump inhibitors can reverse the YAP mediated paclitaxel resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:49. [PMID: 31718559 PMCID: PMC6852784 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several reports indicated that the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) was associated with multi-drug resistance. Acidic microenvironment increased by the overexpression of vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase) was also observed in tumor growth and drug resistance. We hypothesize that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), currently used in the anti-acid treatment of peptic disease, could inhibit the acidification of the tumor microenvironment and increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to cytotoxic agents. Thus, our objective is to explore the reversal of drug resistance by the inhibition of YAP through specific PPIs in the epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) cells. . Results We found that V-ATPase D1 was a positive regulator of YAP. Sub-lethal doses of the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole (EMSO) in combination with paclitaxel (PTX) increased the PTX sensitivity in PTX-resistant EOC cells, as compared to PTX single treatments by inhibiting YAP and reserving pH gradient created by the V-ATPase D1. Moreover, sub-lethal doses of EMSO combined with PTX decreased autophagy and improved caspases independent apoptosis of PTX-resistant EOC cells. Conclusions These results suggested that sub-lethal doses of esomeprazole reverse YAP-mediated PTX resistance through the inhibiting of both YAP expression and acidic tumor microenvironment created by the V-ATPase D1. Therefore, we think the use of PPIs represents a promising strategy to improve the effectiveness of anti-EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecoloy, An Qing Municipal Hospital, An Qing, 246003, AnHui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Shi
- Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Pan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Lian Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jie Yan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, 230020, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Wang BF, Zheng LF, Xu XH, Huang F. Expression of gastrin in colon cancer and its effect on human colon cancer cell proliferation and P38 signal transduction pathway. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:1062-1069. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i17.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer (CC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system in China. The early diagnosis is low due to nonspecific symptoms, which leads to the loss of chance of radical surgery and a high mortality rate, greatly harming patients' life and health. Gastrin is a hormone that is mainly secreted from G cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Upon binding to gastrin receptors, it stimulates gastric acid secretion and promotes gastrointestinal mucosal growth. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated by hormones such as gastrin and are responsible for signal transduction between the cell surface and the nucleus.
AIM To analyze the expression of gastrin in CC patients, and to investigate the inhibitory effect of gastrin receptor antagonist on human CC cell line and the P38 signal transduction pathway.
METHODS From January 2016 to October 2018, 30 CC specimens collected from the Department of Pathology of our hospital were divided into poorly, moderately, and highly differentiated specimens according to the criteria of the World Health Organization's malignant tumor differentiation. The immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of gastrin in these specimens. The human CC cell line SW480 was cultured in vitro, and the cells were divided into a control group (no drug treatment), a gastrin group (6.25-200.00 mg/L of gastrin was added), a proglumide group (8.00-256.00 mg/L of proglumide for treatment), and a gastrin plus proglumide group (12.5 mg/L gastrin and 8.00-256.00 mg/L proglumide for treatment). The expression of gastrin receptor/cholecystokinin-B receptor in SW480 cells was detected, and SW480 cell viability, proliferation index, and expression of P38 signal transduction pathway molecules (P38 protein, phosphorylated P38 protein, Bcl-2, and BAX) in different groups were compared.
RESULTS The higher the degree of differentiation of CC tissues, the higher the positive rate of gastrin expression. The OD values of SW480 cells treated with gastrin at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 200.00 mg/L were significantly higher than those in control cells (P < 0.05). Gastrin at a concentration of 12.50 mg resulted in the highest OD value in SW480 cells (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in OD values of SW480 cells treated with gastrin at concentrations between 25.00 and 200.00 mg/L (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in OD values of SW480 cells treated with glutamine at concentrations of 8.00-256.00 mg/L (P > 0.05). Gastrin at 12.50 mg/L combined with 16.00 mg/L of proglumide resulted in the lowest OD value in SW480 cells, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), but this significant difference disappeared with the increase of proglumide concentration (P > 0.05). The cell proliferation index of the gastrin group (12.50 mg/L) was significantly higher than those of the proglumide group (16.00 mg/L) and the gastrin plus proglumide group (12.5 mg/L + 16.00 mg/L) (P < 0.05). The levels of P38 protein expression and phosphorylation and BAX protein expression in the gastrin group (12.50 mg/L) were significantly lower than those of the control group, proglumide group (16.00 mg/L), and gastrin plus proglumide group (12.5 mg/L + 16.00 mg/L), while Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly higher that in the control group, proglumide group (16.00 mg/L), and gastrin plus proglumide group (12.5 mg/L + 16.00 mg/L) (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Gastrin can inhibit the apoptosis of human CC cell line SW480, and its expression in CC is related to the degree of tumor differentiation. The higher the degree of differentiation, the higher the expression level. Gastrin receptor antagonist can antagonize the proliferative effect of gastrin via mechanisms possibly related to up-regulation of P38 expression, phosphorylation of P38, and BAX expression and down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinxi Hospital of Jinhua City Center, First People's Hospital, Xiangcheng District, Jinhua 321075, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Fang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinxi Hospital of Jinhua City Center, First People's Hospital, Xiangcheng District, Jinhua 321075, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinxi Hospital of Jinhua City Center, First People's Hospital, Xiangcheng District, Jinhua 321075, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Dongli Hospital, Tianjin 300300, China
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review summarizes the past year's literature, both clinical and basic science, regarding potential adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors. RECENT FINDINGS Proton pump inhibitors are amongst the most widely prescribed and overprescribed medications worldwide. Although generally considered well tolerated, epidemiologic studies mining large databases have reported a panoply of purported serious adverse effects associated with proton pump inhibitors, including chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline, myocardial infarction, stroke, bone fracture and even death. It should be noted that the quality of the evidence underlying these associations is very low and these studies, by design, cannot ascribe cause and effect. Nonetheless, these associations have been sensationalized in the media and misinterpreted by patients and providers. Unintended consequences of the fake news are that patients are not being prescribed and/or taking clinical guideline-recommended proton pump inhibitors to prevent and treat complications from gastroesophageal reflux disease and upper gastrointestinal bleeding precipitated by NSAIDs and dual antiplatelet therapies. In addition, physicians, who already have limited time to interact with their patients, are spending an inordinate amount of additional time placing these findings into proper perspective and reassuring their patients when initiating treatment as well as on every follow-up visit. SUMMARY Most of the recent highly publicized serious adverse effects ascribed to proton pump inhibitors are not based on demonstrable evidence. Nevertheless, when proton pump inhibitors are prescribed long-term, they should be used at the lowest effective dose and the need for their use periodically reassessed.
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Zu LD, Peng XC, Zeng Z, Wang JL, Meng LL, Shen WW, Hu CT, Yang Y, Fu GH. Gastrin inhibits gastric cancer progression through activating the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:115. [PMID: 29866191 PMCID: PMC5987590 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test the hypothesis that activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) regulates P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis in gastric cancer (GC) and the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis plays an important role in the development of GC, and to evaluate the role of gastrin in GC progression and ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis. METHODS The component levels of the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis in four fresh GC tissues, 101 paraffin-embedded GC tissues and four GC cell lines were determined by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC) or qRT-PCR. The effects of gastrin on GC were first evaluated by measuring gastrin serum levels in 30 healthy and 70 GC patients and performing a correlation analysis between gastrin levels and survival time in 27 GC patients after eight years of follow-up, then evaluated on GC cell lines, GC cell xenograft models, and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) mouse models. The roles of ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis in GC progression and in the effects of gastrin on GC were examined. RESULTS ERK- P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis was proved to be present in GC cells. The levels of components of ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis were decreased in GC tissue samples and PGC cells. The decreased levels of components of ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis were associated with poor prognosis of GC, and ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis played a suppressive role in GC progression. Low blood gastrin was correlated with poor prognosis of the GC patients and decreased expression of p-ERK and p-P65 in GC tissues. Gastrin inhibited proliferation of poorly-differentiated GC (PGC) cells through activating the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis. Gastrin inhibited GC growth and enhanced the suppression of GC by cisplatin in mice or PGC cell culture models through activating the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis or its components. CONCLUSIONS ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis is down-regulated, leading to excess GC growth and poor prognosis of GC. Low gastrin promoted excess GC growth and contributed to the poor prognosis of the GC patients by down-regulating ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis. Gastrin inhibits gastric cancer growth through activating the ERK-P65-miR23a/27a/24 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Dong Zu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Chun Peng
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Long Wang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Meng
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Shen
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Ting Hu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Guo-Hui Fu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Díaz P, Valenzuela Valderrama M, Bravo J, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: Adaptive Cellular Mechanisms Involved in Disease Progression. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:5. [PMID: 29403459 PMCID: PMC5786524 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the major risk factor associated with the development of gastric cancer. The transition from normal mucosa to non-atrophic gastritis, triggered primarily by H. pylori infection, initiates precancerous lesions which may then progress to atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Further progression to dysplasia and gastric cancer is generally believed to be attributable to processes that no longer require the presence of H. pylori. The responses that develop upon H. pylori infection are directly mediated through the action of bacterial virulence factors, which drive the initial events associated with transformation of infected gastric cells. Besides genetic and to date poorly defined environmental factors, alterations in gastric cell stress-adaptive mechanisms due to H. pylori appear to be crucial during chronic infection and gastric disease progression. Firstly, H. pylori infection promotes gastric cell death and reduced epithelial cell turnover in the majority of infected cells, resulting in primary tissue lesions associated with an initial inflammatory response. However, in the remaining gastric cell population, adaptive responses are induced that increase cell survival and proliferation, resulting in the acquisition of potentially malignant characteristics that may lead to precancerous gastric lesions. Thus, deregulation of these intrinsic survival-related responses to H. pylori infection emerge as potential culprits in promoting disease progression. This review will highlight the most relevant cellular adaptive mechanisms triggered upon H. pylori infection, including endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response, autophagy, oxidative stress, and inflammation, together with a subsequent discussion on how these factors may participate in the progression of a precancerous lesion. Finally, this review will shed light on how these mechanisms may be exploited as pharmacological targets, in the perspective of opening up new therapeutic alternatives for non-invasive risk control in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Díaz
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Valenzuela Valderrama
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jimena Bravo
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kowalski-Chauvel A, Teissier G, Toulas C, Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal E, Seva C. By modulating α2β1 integrin signalling, gastrin increases adhesion oF AGS-GR gastric cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 362:498-503. [PMID: 29253536 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is a major cause of recurrence of gastric cancer and integrins are key molecules involved in gastric cancer cells attachment to the peritoneum. The peptide hormone, gastrin, initially identified for its role in gastric acid secretion is also a growth factor for gastric mucosa. Gastrin has also been shown to contribute to gastric cancers progression. Here, we provide the first evidence that gastrin increases the adhesion of gastric cancer cells. Gastrin treatment induces the expression of α2 integrin subunit through a mechanism that involves the ERK pathway. We also observed in response to gastrin an increase in the amount of α2 integrin associated with β1subunit. In addition, gastrin-stimulated cell adhesion was blocked with an anti-α2β1 integrin neutralizing antibody. We also show that gastrin activates the integrin pathway via the phosphorylation of β1 integrin by a Src family kinase. This mechanism may contribute to the enhancement of cell adhesion observed in response to gastrin since we found an inhibition of gastrin-mediated cell adhesion when cells were treated with a Src inhibitor. By regulating one of the key step of the metastatic process gastrin might contribute to increase the aggressive behaviour of human gastric tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Kowalski-Chauvel
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, team 11, Oncopole 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Teissier
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, team 11, Oncopole 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Toulas
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, team 11, Oncopole 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; IUCT-oncopole Toulouse, France
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, team 11, Oncopole 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; IUCT-oncopole Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Seva
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, team 11, Oncopole 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France.
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Ye L, Feng Z, Doycheva D, Malaguit J, Dixon B, Xu N, Zhang JH, Tang J. CpG-ODN exerts a neuroprotective effect via the TLR9/pAMPK signaling pathway by activation of autophagy in a neonatal HIE rat model. Exp Neurol 2017; 301:70-80. [PMID: 29274721 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is an injury caused to the brain due to prolonged lack of oxygen and blood supply which results in death or long-term disabilities. The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of Cytosine-phospho-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) in autophagy after HIE. Ten-day old (P10) rat pups underwent right common carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5h of hypoxia as previously described by Rice-Vannucci. At 1h post HIE, rats were intranasally administered with recombinant CpG-ODN. Time-course expression levels of endogenous key proteins, TLR9, pAMPK/AMPK, LC3II/I, and LAMP1 involved in CpG-ODN's protective effects were measured using western blot. Short (48h) and long (4w) term neurobehavior studies were performed using righting reflex, negative geotaxis, water maze, foot fault and Rota rod tests. Brain samples were collected after long term for histological analysis. Furthermore, to elucidate the pathway via which CpG-ODN confers protection, TLR9 and AMPK inhibitors were used. Time course results showed that the expression of TLR9, pAMPK/AMPK, LC3II/I, LAMP1 increased after HIE. Neurobehavioral studies showed that HIE induced a significant delay in development and resulted in cognitive and motor function deficits. However, CpG-ODN ameliorated HIE-induced outcomes and improved long term neurological deficits. In addition, CpG-ODN increased expression of pAMPK/AMPK, p-ULK1/ULK1, P-AMBRA1/AMBRA1, LC3II/I and LAMP1 while inhibition of TLR9 and AMPK reversed those effects. In summary, CpG-ODN increased HIE-induced autophagy and improved short and long term neurobehavioral outcomes which may be mediated by the TLR9/pAMPK signaling pathway after HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ye
- The Medical Function Laboratory of Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States
| | - Zhanhui Feng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States
| | - Desislava Doycheva
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States.
| | - Jay Malaguit
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States
| | - Brandon Dixon
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States.
| | - Ningbo Xu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review summarizes the past year's literature, both clinical and basic science, regarding physiologic and pharmacologic regulation of gastric acid secretion in health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Gastric acid kills microorganisms, assists digestion, and facilitates absorption of iron, calcium, and vitamin B12. The main stimulants of acid secretion are the hormone gastrin, released from antral G cells; paracrine agent histamine, released from oxyntic enterochromaffin-like cells; and neuropeptide acetylcholine, released from antral and oxyntic intramural neurons. Gastrin is also a trophic hormone that participates in carcinogenesis. Helicobacter pylori may increase or decrease acid secretion depending upon the acuity and predominant anatomic focus of infection; most patients manifest hypochlorhydria. Despite the fact that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are amongst the most widely prescribed drugs, they are underutilized in patients at high risk for UGI bleeding. Although generally considered well tolerated, concerns have been raised regarding associations between PPI use and dementia, kidney disease, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, osteoporosis, dysbiosis, small bowel injury, micronutrient deficiency, and fundic gland polyps. SUMMARY Our understanding of the physiologic, pathophysiologic, and pharmacologic regulation of gastric secretion continues to advance. Such knowledge is crucial for improved and safe management of acid-peptic disorders.
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Samuel P, Fabbri M, Carter DRF. Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancer: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28941129 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major barrier to the successful treatment of cancer. The mechanisms by which therapeutic resistance arises are multifactorial. Recent evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in mediating drug resistance. EVs are small vesicles carrying a variety of macromolecular cargo released by cells into the extracellular space and can be taken up into recipient cells, resulting in transfer of cellular material. EVs can mediate drug resistance by several mechanisms. They can serve as a pathway for sequestration of cytotoxic drugs, reducing the effective concentration at target sites. They can act as decoys carrying membrane proteins and capturing monoclonal antibodies intended to target receptors at the cell surface. EVs from resistant tumor cells can deliver mRNA, miRNA, long noncoding RNA, and protein inducing resistance in sensitive cells. This provides a new model for how resistance that arises can then spread through a heterogeneous tumor. EVs also mediate cross-talk between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor progression and acquisition of therapeutic resistance. In this review, we will describe what is known about how EVs can induce drug resistance, and discuss the ways in which EVs could be used as therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers for managing cancer treatment. While further characterization of the vesiculome and the mechanisms of EV function are still required, EVs offer an exciting opportunity in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Molecular Immunology University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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The cytoprotective protein clusterin is overexpressed in hypergastrinemic rodent models of oxyntic preneoplasia and promotes gastric cancer cell survival. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184514. [PMID: 28902909 PMCID: PMC5597207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoprotective protein clusterin is often dysregulated during tumorigenesis, and in the stomach, upregulation of clusterin marks emergence of the oxyntic atrophy (loss of acid-producing parietal cells)-associated spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM). The hormone gastrin is important for normal function and maturation of the gastric oxyntic mucosa and hypergastrinemia might be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Gastrin induces expression of clusterin in adenocarcinoma cells. In the present study, we examined the expression patterns and gastrin-mediated regulation of clusterin in gastric tissue from: humans; rats treated with proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase) inhibitors and/or a gastrin receptor (CCK2R) antagonist; H+/K+-ATPase β-subunit knockout (H/K-β KO) mice; and Mongolian gerbils infected with Helicobacter pylori and given a CCK2R antagonist. Biological function of secretory clusterin was studied in human gastric cancer cells. Clusterin was highly expressed in neuroendocrine cells in normal oxyntic mucosa of humans and rodents. In response to hypergastrinemia, expression of clusterin increased significantly and its localization shifted to basal groups of proliferative cells in the mucous neck cell-chief cell lineage in all animal models. That shift was partially inhibited by antagonizing the CCK2R in rats and gerbils. The oxyntic mucosa of H/K-β KO mice contained areas with clusterin-positive mucous cells resembling SPEM. In gastric adenocarcinomas, clusterin mRNA expression was higher in diffuse tumors containing signet ring cells compared with diffuse tumors without signet ring cells, and clusterin seemed to be secreted by tumor cells. In gastric cancer cell lines, gastrin increased secretion of clusterin, and both gastrin and secretory clusterin promoted survival after starvation- and chemotherapy-induced stress. Overall, our results indicate that clusterin is overexpressed in hypergastrinemic rodent models of oxyntic preneoplasia and stimulates gastric cancer cell survival.
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