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Baskerville R, Castell L, Bermon S. Sports and Immunity, from the recreational to the elite athlete. Infect Dis Now 2024:104893. [PMID: 38531477 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The pivotal role of the immune system in physical activity is well-established. While interactions are complex, they tend to constitute discrete immune responses. Moderate intensity exercise causes leukocytosis with a mild anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and immunoenhancement. Above a threshold of intensity, lactate-mediated IL-6 release causes a proinflammatory state followed by a depressed inflammatory state, which stimulates immune adaptation and longer term cardiometabolic enhancement. Exercise-related immune responses are modulated by sex, age and immunonutrition. At all ability levels, these factors collectively affect the immune balance between enhancement or overload and dysfunction. Excessive training, mental stress or insufficient recovery risks immune cell exhaustion and hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) stress responses causing immunodepression with negative impacts on performance or general health. Participation in sport provides additional immune benefits in terms of ensuring regularity, social inclusion, mental well-being and healthier life choices in terms of diet and reduced smoking and alcohol, thereby consolidating healthy lifestyles and longer term health. Significant differences exist between recreational and professional athletes in terms of inherent characteristics, training resilience and additional stresses arising from competition schedules, travel-related infections and stress. Exercise immunology examines the central role of immunity in exercise physiology and straddles multiple disciplines ranging from neuroendocrinology to nutrition and genetics, with the aim of guiding athletes to train optimally and safely. This review provides a brief outline of the main interactions of immunity and exercise, some influencing factors, and current guidance on maintaining immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stéphane Bermon
- World Athletics Health and Science Department, Monaco and LAMHESS, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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Safonicheva O, Zaborova V, Lazareva I, Kryuchkova K, Bolotskaya A, Ovchinnikova M, Popova C, Putilo V, Rybakov V, Kotovskiy S, Nikitin M. Age-Related Study of Anthropometry Indicators, Body Composition, Strength and Vital Capacity at Masters Athletics: How to Postpone Sarcopenia. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:2155-2164. [PMID: 38146330 PMCID: PMC10749483 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s433944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometric indicators of sports veterans, former athletes who stopped training, and non-sports people aged 40 years and older to assess the impact of regular sports on the stability of the body. Patients and Methods 100 athletes and 31 people non-sports were included in the study. Athletes were divided into two groups depending on the mode of motor activity. The first group (n=75) continued their regular sports activities. The second group (n=25) stopped training. Height, weight, chest circumference, mobility, waist, shoulder circumference, forearm, hip, ankle, fat mass, and muscle mass were measured, and dynamometry was performed. Results Body weight is statistically significantly (p<0.05) less in those who continue sports (70.7±10.2) classes after 60 years compared with the control group (82.4±9.3). In sports veterans, the chest excursion and the shoulder circumference is statistically significantly (p<0.05) greater than in the control group. In the subjects of the first group aged from 40 to 49 (4551±612) and from 50 to 59 (4242±416), the FVC index was statistically significantly (p<0.05) higher than in the control group (3890±344 and 3786±401, respectively). The body composition of veterans is characterized by a high level of muscle mass and a low level of fat mass. At the age of 40-49, the percentage of muscle tissue in sports veterans was statistically significantly higher (46.32±2.74) (p<0.05) than in the group of athletes who stopped sports activities (44.09±5.29). Conclusion Veterans of sports demonstrate higher indicators of limb girth and muscle strength compared to untrained people of the same age. In addition, sports veterans have a lower content of adipose tissue and a greater expression of muscle mass. Thus, the data obtained by us show that sports prevent the development of sarcopenia and can also affect cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Safonicheva
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria Zaborova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Lazareva
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Kira Kryuchkova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Bolotskaya
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Ovchinnikova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Christina Popova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Putilo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Rybakov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sergey Kotovskiy
- National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Nikitin
- National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
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Wirnitzer KC, Motevalli M, Cocca A, Tanous DR, Wirnitzer G, Wagner KH, Schätzer M, Drenowatz C, Ruedl G, Kirschner W. Health behavior of Austrian tertiary students focusing on diet type linked to sports and exercise-first glimpse of results from the "sustainably healthy-from science 2 high school and university" study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1129004. [PMID: 37533531 PMCID: PMC10392833 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a strong association between lifestyle behavior and health status. While young adulthood is a critical period for adopting and stabilizing lifelong healthy behavior, university life is independently associated with psychological stressors that may further affect health and well-being. Objective The present multidisciplinary study aimed to examine the health behavior of Austrian college and university students, differentiated based on diet types (vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous) and physical activity (PA) habits. Methods Following a cross-sectional study design, a total number of 6,148 students (65.3% females; 66.1% bachelor students, 67.0% from urban areas; mean age: 24.8 years) from 52 Austrian college/universities participated in an online survey and provided data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, PA habits, and other lifestyle behavior characteristics, including alcohol intake and smoking. Results Across the total sample, 74.0% had a normal weight (BMI = 18.5-25.0 kg/m2), while the prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) was lower in females than males and more in rural than urban students (p < 0.01). The general prevalence of vegetarian and vegan diets was 22.8 and 6.0%, respectively, with a predominance of females, graduates, and urban students compared to their peers (p < 0.01). The majority of students (79.3%) had a regular engagement in sport/exercise, with a predominance of vegetarian or vegan students compared to omnivores (p < 0.01). Vegans and vegetarians had a lower alcohol intake (p < 0.01) but no differences in smoking habits (p > 0.05) compared to omnivores. Students engaging in sport/exercise had a lower smoking rate and higher intake of fruits, vegetables, and fluids compared to inactive students (p < 0.01). Conclusion The present findings suggest that diet type and PA habits of college/university students have an impact on other health behaviors, highlighting the interconnected nature of lifestyle habits and health behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina C. Wirnitzer
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohamad Motevalli
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armando Cocca
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Derrick R. Tanous
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Schätzer
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition (SIPCAN), Elsbethen, Austria
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Teacher Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Kirschner
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Brimm D, Roe J, Warren J, Smyth T, Vallmuur K, Banu S. The epidemiology of sports and leisure-related injury hospitalisations in Queensland: A five-year review. Injury 2023:S0020-1383(23)00377-7. [PMID: 37100695 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of sports and leisure-related injury hospitalisations in Queensland DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Retrospective analysis of routinely collected hospital admissions data from all Queensland hospitals (public and private) between 2012 and 2016 for injury-related admissions where the activity engaged in when injured was coded as sports or leisure activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of hospitalisations; rate of hospitalisation per 100,000 population and demographic, injury, treatment, and outcome details of hospitalised injury patients. RESULTS Between 01 January 2012 and 31 December 2016, 76,982 people were hospitalised for a sports or leisure-related injury in Queensland. More people were hospitalised in public hospitals than private. Rates were highest for those under 14 years (601.5/100,000 population) and were higher in males (130.6/100,000 population) than females (28.9/100,000 population). A total of 18,734 injuries (24.3%; 79.5/100,000 population) were sustained while playing team ball sports, with rugby codes (rugby union, rugby league and rugby unspecified) representing the single largest source of injuries with 6,592. The extremities were the most likely body location of injury (46,644; 198/100,000 population), and the most common injury type was a fracture (35,018; 148.6/100,000 population). CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the significant burden of sport and leisure-related injury hospitalisations in Queensland. This information is important for injury prevention and trauma system planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brimm
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD 4757, Australia; Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Health, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - John Roe
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Health, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia; The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jacelle Warren
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Health, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Tanya Smyth
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Health, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Kirsten Vallmuur
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Health, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Shahera Banu
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Health, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
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Burke A, Jones A. Pragmatic Evaluation of a Low-Threshold Sports Program for Older Adults in Group Homes. J Appl Gerontol 2023:7334648231152856. [PMID: 36732945 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231152856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) reduces with older age, ill health, and disability. For these groups, guidance recognizes the benefit of small increases in PA and low-intensity PA. This study evaluated a low-threshold intervention that addressed known barriers to older people's participation in PA in residential care and sheltered housing. Ten, competitive sport sessions were delivered by coaches at 49 sites with the aim that they be sustained in-house. Using quasi-experimental methods, participants reported reduced sitting time, increased moderate/vigorous PA, increased participation in sports and improved scores for both health quality of life and fear of falling at 6 months. The program engaged 29% of residents and was sustained at 50% of sites at 8 months. The findings suggest that low-threshold sports programs that overcome known barriers to older people's participation in PA have the potential to provide a gateway to increased PA in group homes and to be sustained in-house.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Burke
- Norwich Medical School, 6106University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andy Jones
- Norwich Medical School, 6106University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Roed K, Bjerre ED, Midtgaard J. Easier in Practice Than in Theory: Experiences of Coaches in Charge of Community-Based Soccer Training for Men with Prostate cancer—A Descriptive Qualitative Study. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:28. [PMID: 35239062 PMCID: PMC8892393 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that community-based exercise programs and sports participation benefit long-term physical activity adherence and promote health in clinical populations. Recent research shows that community-based soccer can improve mental health and bone health and result in fewer hospital admissions in men with prostate cancer. However, little knowledge exists on what coaches experience, leading to a scarcity of knowledge on how to assist them in promoting and supporting the sustainability of programs. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of non-professional soccer coaches in providing community-based soccer training for men with prostate cancer. Results We interviewed 13 out of 21 eligible non-professional soccer coaches in charge of delivering the Football Club Prostate Community program, which is community-based soccer training for men with prostate cancer at 12 local soccer clubs across Denmark. Qualitative content analysis, as described by Graneheim and Lundman, was applied to analyze the data using NVivo 12 software. We identified the five following overall categories with 10 subcategories on what the coaches experienced: (1) enabling training of a clinical population in a community setting, (2) dedication based on commitment, (3) coaching on the players’ terms, (4) navigating the illness, and (5) ensuring sustainability. Collectively, the findings suggest that, while the coaches felt adequately prepared to coach, their coaching role developed and was refined only through interaction with the players, indicating that coaching clinical populations may be easier in practice than in theory and a potentially transformative learning experience. Conclusions Non-professional soccer coaches in charge of delivering soccer training for men with prostate cancer value being educated about specific illness-related issues. Initial concerns about how to coach a clinical population disappeared once the coaches engaged with the players and developed their own team norms and illness management strategies. They also gained a broader perspective on their own lives, which they valued and would not otherwise have achieved by coaching a healthy population. Our study indicates that sustainable implementation and the program’s sustainability can be promoted and supported through additional formal, easily accessible communication with trained health professionals and by networking with peer coaches. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-022-00424-z.
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De Bock T, Scheerder J, Theeboom M, Constandt B, Marlier M, De Clerck T, Willem A. Stuck between medals and participation: an institutional theory perspective on why sport federations struggle to reach Sport-for-All goals. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1891. [PMID: 36221083 PMCID: PMC9552467 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sport-for-All emphasizes that every individual has the right to participate in sport. Despite all efforts to deliver Sport-for-All during the past decades, studies indicate that sport participation rates have been stagnating, whereas social inequalities in sport continue to exist. By applying an institutional theory lens, this study sheds light on how the dual mission of sport federations, i.e., providing Sport-for-All and high performance sport, affects the Sport-for-All projects of Flemish sport federations (e.g., amount of projects and target groups). In particular, Sport-for-All projects have to reduce barriers to engage in the sport system and be supported by a sport federation. Furthermore, this study seeks to better understand the impact of the underlying institutional logic on the institutional pressure and legitimacy of the sport federations. METHOD This study implemented a cross-sectional field study in sport federations. In particular, the sport federations selected for our study are the 47 Flemish sport federations. Both qualitative (i.e., document analysis) and quantitative research methods (i.e., a new questionnaire was developed based on institutional theory) were applied in the study. RESULTS Results indicated that sport federations are important partners in support of Sport-for-All projects, but also suggested that there is a discrepancy between the projects of the high performance-oriented and the Sport-for-All-oriented federations. Specifically, the high performance-oriented federations were targeting youth participants, whereas Sport-for-all-oriented federations aimed to reach disadvantaged groups. Furthermore, the results indicated that high performance-oriented federations endured more institutional pressure than Sport-for-All-oriented federations. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicated that the Sport-for-All projects of performance-oriented federations are often more superficial compared to Sport-for-All oriented federations, and that the latter federations play an important role in attaining public health targets. Moreover, policymakers should consider how they can optimize the role of the performance-oriented federations in the Sport-for-All delivery (e.g., they could function as a bridge to guide participants who prefer a less competitive setting towards Sport-for-All oriented federations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Bock
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Scheerder
- Policy in Sports & Physical Activity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Bram Constandt
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Marlier
- Department of Exercise, Health and Sport, LUNEX University, Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - Tom De Clerck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick Willem
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Tomovic M, Toliopoulos A, Koutlianos N, Dalkiranis A, Bubanj S, Deligiannis A, Kouidi E. Correlation between Cardiopulmonary Indices and Running Performance in a 14.5 km Endurance Running Event. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12289. [PMID: 36231590 PMCID: PMC9565015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running is a common recreational activity, and the number of long-distance-race participants is continuously growing. It is well-established that regular physical activity can prevent and manage non-communicable diseases and benefit public health. Training for a long-distance race requires development of specific aerobic abilities and should generate the desired race performance. The purpose of this study was to support the training design and motivation of recreational endurance runners, by investigating whether a 14.5 km race performance of long-distance runners correlates with their cardiopulmonary indices measured in the laboratory. METHODS To examine the relationships of a 14.5 km running performance with the cardiopulmonary parameters of amateur runners, a cross-sectional study design was applied. Fifteen (eleven men and four women) recreational long-distance runners (aged 41.3 ± 9.2 years) from Northern Greece were included in the study and were evaluated in the laboratory within one week before an endurance running race-the 14.5 km Philip Road race, in Greece. The laboratory-based examinations of the athletes consisted of a comprehensive medical pre-participation screening and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. RESULTS The results showed that the 14.5 km race performance time (73.8 ± 9.7 min) significantly correlated with the cardiopulmonary-exercise-testing speed-related indices at specific submaximal and maximal workloads (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), while the cardiopulmonary indices of oxygen uptake did not reliably predict race running time (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a better correlation of the 14.5 km running performance of recreational long-distance runners with the cardiopulmonary-exercise-testing speed-related indices at specific workloads than with the indices of oxygen uptake, running economy or respiratory economy. When preparing a training strategy, amateur long-distance runners should mostly rely on specific running-speed-related laboratory data rather than on oxygen-uptake values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tomovic
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Toliopoulos
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Koutlianos
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Dalkiranis
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sasa Bubanj
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Asterios Deligiannis
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kouidi
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Lenze L, Klostermann C, Lamprecht M, Nagel S. Taking Up and Terminating Leisure-Time Physical Activity over the Life Course: The Role of Life Events in the Familial and Occupational Life Domains. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9809. [PMID: 34574729 PMCID: PMC8468990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with various health-promoting effects. However, little is known about the relationship between life events and changes in LTPA over the life course, especially when multiple life events occur simultaneously. Therefore, this study examines taking up and terminating LTPA associated with life events in the familial and occupational life domains over 16 years of 16-76-year-old Swiss inhabitants (n = 1857) in a retrospective longitudinal cohort design, using a validated telephone survey and multilevel discrete-time event-history analyses. The results show that taking up LTPA was more likely when ending a relationship and retiring and less likely when becoming a parent; terminating LTPA was more likely when ending a job, starting vocational training after 30 years, a relationship ended for men, and becoming a mother with increasing age. If experiencing multiple life events simultaneously, the greater the number of life events, the more likely persons aged 45-70 years were to take up LTPA and, conversely, the more likely persons aged 15-44 years to terminate LTPA. The relationship between life events and changes in LTPA over the life course was often age dependent, especially when experiencing multiple life events simultaneously. The findings should be considered when promoting LTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lenze
- School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland;
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Claudia Klostermann
- School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland;
| | - Markus Lamprecht
- Lamprecht und Stamm Sozialforschung und Beratung, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Siegfried Nagel
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
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Lassandro G, Trisciuzzi R, Palladino V, Carriero F, Giannico OV, Tafuri S, Valente R, Gianfelici A, Accettura D, Giordano P. Psychophysical health and perception of well-being between master badminton athletes and the adult Italian population. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021253. [PMID: 34487105 PMCID: PMC8477076 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i4.9857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK Sport participation, regular exercise and physical activity in general exert many benefits on wellness, perceived health related quality of life and social satisfaction. As the people age, physical and mental deterioration occur. Master athletes are older adults that practice different sports, such as running, swimming and badminton. This is a widespread sport practiced by over 200 million people and is one of the most exerted sport in the world. In our study we compared the health perception of Italian Badminton Master athletes and normal Italian population of same age. METHODS Thirty (22 males, 8 females) Master badminton athletes between 18 and 69 years old participating to 2018 edition of the Italian Master Badminton Championship were enrolled for the study. All athletes compiled a six questions questionnaire, about perceived quality of life, included in the 2014-2017 Italian surveillance database "PASSI" questionnaire and answers were compared to 18-69 y/o Italian population results included in the public database. RESULTS Statistically significative differences were not detected between genders of master athletes. There was only a significative better psychological perception of quality of life in younger class of master athletes (p<0.05). A significative better perception was detected in Master athletes compared to normal Italian population. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic sports, such as badminton, represent positive factors for improving health, psychological wellness and social engagement. Sport has a crucial role for the positive influence on growth in youngers and on the preventive role on typical diseases of older age, such as diabetes, ischemic cardiomyopathy and mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lassandro
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology..
| | - Rodrigo Trisciuzzi
- Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Valentina Palladino
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology..
| | - Francesco Carriero
- Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Silvio Tafuri
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology..
| | - Roberto Valente
- Department of Biomedicine and Human Oncology (D.I.M.O.) - Pediatric Unit - University of Bari "Aldo Moro.
| | | | | | - Paola Giordano
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology..
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Blake HT, Stenner BJ, Buckley JD, Crozier AJ. Randomised controlled trial comparing two group-based exercise programmes (team sport vs circuit training) on men's health: study protocol. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001140. [PMID: 34422293 PMCID: PMC8344266 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity promotes physical, psychological and social health. Despite this, almost half of middle-aged (35–54 years) Australian men are insufficiently active. Exercise adherence is increased with social interaction in a group setting. Team sport can leverage the power of groups and has shown to be more intrinsically motivating than discrete exercise modes. Evaluation of the effect of team sport compared with traditional group exercise on health, particularly psychological and social health, and physical activity levels of middle-aged men is limited. This study aims to compare the effects of team sport participation and group circuit training on physical activity levels and health in insufficiently active middle-aged men. Methods and analysis In this parallel randomised controlled trial, n=128 men aged 35–54 years will complete a 12-week team sport or group circuit exercise programme. Participants must self-report to not be meeting Australian physical activity guidelines or participating in team sport before recruitment. Health-related quality of life, exercise motivation, psychological needs satisfaction, sleep and physical activity levels (accelerometry), blood lipids, glucose and metabolic syndrome risk score will be assessed at baseline, end of the programme and 12 weeks follow-up. Linear mixed effect models will be used. Ethics and dissemination The study has received ethical approval from the University of South Australia’s Human Research Ethics Committee (Ethics Protocol 203274). Study results will be disseminated via publication in disciplinary-specific journals, conference presentations, and as part of a Doctoral thesis. Trial registration number ANCTRN12621000483853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry T Blake
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brad J Stenner
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan David Buckley
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alyson J Crozier
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Shakespear-Druery J, De Cocker K, Biddle SJH, Gavilán-Carrera B, Segura-Jiménez V, Bennie J. Assessment of muscle-strengthening exercise in public health surveillance for adults: A systematic review. Prev Med 2021; 148:106566. [PMID: 33878352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is strong scientific evidence that muscle-strengthening exercise (i.e. use of weight machines, push-ups, sit-ups) is independently associated with a reduced risk of multiple chronic diseases (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease). However, prevalence rates for meeting the muscle-strengthening exercise guideline (≥2 times/week) are significantly lower (~20%) than those reported to meet the aerobic physical activity guideline (e.g. walking, jogging, cycling) (~50%). It is therefore important to understand public health surveillance approaches to assess muscle-strengthening exercise. The aim of this review was to describe muscle-strengthening exercise assessment in public health surveillance. Informed by the PRISMA guidelines, an extensive keyword search was undertaken across 7 electronic data bases. We identified 86,672 possible articles and following screening (n = 1140 in full-text) against specific inclusion criteria (adults aged ≥18 years, English, studies containing <1000 participants), extracted data from 156 manuscripts. Fifty-eight different survey systems were identified across 17 countries. Muscle-strengthening exercise frequency (85.3%), duration (23.7%) and intensity (1.3%) were recorded. Muscle-strengthening exercise questions varied significantly, with some (11.5%) requiring a singular 'yes' vs 'no' response, while others (7.7%) sought specific details (e.g. muscle groups targeted). Assessments of duration and intensity were inconsistent. Very few studies measured the validity (0.6%) and reliability (1.3%) of muscle-strengthening exercise questions. Discrepancy exists within the current assessment systems/surveys used to assess muscle-strengthening exercise in public health surveillance. This is likely to impede efforts to identify at risk groups and trends within physical activity surveillance, and to accurately assess associations between muscle-strengthening exercise and health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shakespear-Druery
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia.
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia
| | - Blanca Gavilán-Carrera
- Physical Activity for Health Promotion Research Group (PA-HELP), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Víctor Segura-Jiménez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Jason Bennie
- Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ-PALs), Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia
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13
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Lucini D, Pagani M. Exercise Prescription to Foster Health and Well-Being: A Behavioral Approach to Transform Barriers into Opportunities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:968. [PMID: 33499284 PMCID: PMC7908585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current literature contains multiple examples of exercise interventions to foster health and to prevent/treat many chronic non-communicable diseases; stress and functional syndromes. On the other hand, sedentariness is increasing and to transform a sedentary subject into a regular exerciser is not only very difficult but considered by some unrealistic in current clinical practice. Ideally a physical activity intervention may be considered actually efficacious when it outgrows the research setting and becomes embedded in a system, ensuring maintenance and sustainability of its health benefits. Physicians need specific skills to improve patients' exercise habits. These range from traditional clinical competencies, to technical competencies to correctly prescribe exercise, to competencies in behavioral medicine to motivate the subject. From a behavioral and medical point of view, an exercise prescription may be considered correct only if the subject actually performs the prescribed exercise and this results in an improvement of physiological mechanisms such as endocrine, immunological and autonomic controls. Here we describe a model of intervention intended to nurture exercise prescription in everyday clinical setting. It aims to a tailored prescription, starts from the subject's assessment, continues defining clinical goals/possible limitations and ends when the subject is performing exercise obtaining results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lucini
- BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy;
- Exercise Medicine Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Pagani
- BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy;
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Eime R, Harvey J, Charity M. Sport participation settings: where and 'how' do Australians play sport? BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1344. [PMID: 32883274 PMCID: PMC7650524 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leisure-time physical activity and sport participation trends are often reported, both in aggregate and by specific activity. Recently there has been a rise in overall leisure-time physical activity, but little change in the prevalence of organised sport. It is important that the development of sport policy, infrastructure and strategic developments meet the changing landscape of participation. However, there has been relatively little research into the settings in which people participate. The aim of this study is to investigate the settings of participation of children and adults in 12 major Australian sports. Methods This study utilised data about participation in sport and recreational physical activity collected in the AusPlay survey from a representative sample of adults and children in the Australian state of Victoria. For each type of physical activity, the settings of participation are identified. Respondents can report participation in a particular activity in more than one setting. Therefore we use the term “instance of participation” to refer to a person playing a particular sport in a particular setting. Participation and settings across 12 major sports were investigated for children and adults. Results For children, the most popular sport was swimming with a weighted estimate of 323,565 (30.3%) instances of participation in the Victorian population, followed by Australian football (n = 180,459; 16.9%), and basketball (n = 137,169; 12.9%). For adults the most popular sports were swimming (n = 703,950; 30.9%) followed by golf (n = 274,729; 12.1%), and tennis (n = 260,814; 11.4%). There were considerable differences between the profiles of settings of participation for the 12 sports. Across the 12 sports, the majority of participation by children took place within a sports club or association setting, representing 63% of all instances of sport participation. For adults, sports clubs and associations was also the most popular setting, but it represented only 37% of instances of participation. Conclusions Traditionally, community clubs and inter-club competitions provided the main setting for sport participation, but this is no longer the case, particularly for adults. If the community sport sector is to continue to flourish, it must consider new strategies and participation options more attractive to other segments of its potential market.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Eime
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia.
| | - J Harvey
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - M Charity
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
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15
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Henriques-Neto D, Magalhães JP, Hetherington-Rauth M, Santos DA, Baptista F, Sardinha LB. Physical Fitness and Bone Health in Young Athletes and Nonathletes. Sports Health 2020; 12:441-448. [PMID: 32660392 PMCID: PMC7485020 DOI: 10.1177/1941738120931755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) are crucial for bone health. However, children participating in competitive sports with high PA are at a greater risk of fracture from trauma or overuse. Given the importance of bone development during adolescence, associations between commonly used physical fitness tests with distal third radius (R-SoS) and midshaft tibia (T-SoS) speed of sound by quantitative ultrasound were assessed in adolescent athletes and nonathletes. HYPOTHESIS The relationship between physical fitness tests and R-SoS and T-SoS will differ depending on sex and athletic status. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS Physical fitness of 285 boys (156 athletes) and 311 girls (74 athletes) aged 10 to 18 years was assessed through strength, speed, agility, and cardiorespiratory tests. Linear regression was used to assess the associations of physical fitness tests with R-SoS and T-SoS. RESULTS For boys, favorable associations were observed between physical fitness tests with R-SoS in athletes and T-SoS in both athletes and nonathletes (P < 0.05). For nonathlete girls, favorable associations were found for handgrip (R-SoS and T-SoS, both P < 0.05), whereas the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run, vertical jump, speed at 20 m and 40 m were only favorably associated with T-SoS. For athlete girls, the association between handgrip (P = 0.03), vertical jump, and 4 × 10 m shuttle run (P < 0.05) with T-SoS was significantly related to a bone outcome. CONCLUSION The handgrip test and vertical jump were associated with T-SoS in boys and girls independent of sport status. These results suggest that physical fitness is associated with bone health in adolescents, particularly boys, and that the relationship between physical fitness and bone may differ depending on sex and athletic status. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Physical fitness tests are simple, easy-to-use tools for monitoring bone health and should be used by sport and health professsionals to promote healthy sport participation and prevent bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Henriques-Neto
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
- COP, Comité Olímpico de Portugal,
Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João P. Magalhães
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | | | - Diana A. Santos
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baptista
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Luís B. Sardinha
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
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16
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Li YC, Chirico D, Graham JD, Kwan MYW, Cairney J. Motor Coordination and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in Emerging Adults: Mediating Effect of Physical Self-Concept. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113748. [PMID: 32466373 PMCID: PMC7312769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Little research has investigated the relationships among motor coordination, perceived physical self-concept (PSC), and physical activity during emerging adulthood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether PSC mediates the relationship between motor coordination and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in emerging adults. This was a cross-sectional study with 218 undergraduate students aged 17-23 years (167 females, 76.6%). Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire including self-reported measures of motor coordination, PSC and MVPA. The mediating effects of both overall and domain-specific PSC were tested on the relationship between motor coordination and MVPA. Motor coordination was found to have a significant indirect effect on MVPA through overall PSC. Exploratory analyses specifically showed a mediating effect of domain-specific PSC of activity on the relationships between motor coordination and MVPA during chores and leisure-time. Findings from the current study highlight the importance of PSC on the relationship between motor coordination and MVPA and showed that university students with poor motor coordination exhibit lower levels of PSC, specifically, the perception of activity. Future interventions targeting the enhancement of MVPA should focus on improvement in the self-perception of physical activity alongside motor skills training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chuen Li
- Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada; (D.C.); (J.D.G.); (M.Y.W.K.)
| | - Daniele Chirico
- Department of Family Medicine, INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada; (D.C.); (J.D.G.); (M.Y.W.K.)
| | - Jeffrey D. Graham
- Department of Family Medicine, INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada; (D.C.); (J.D.G.); (M.Y.W.K.)
| | - Matthew Y. W. Kwan
- Department of Family Medicine, INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada; (D.C.); (J.D.G.); (M.Y.W.K.)
| | - John Cairney
- Department of Family Medicine, INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada; (D.C.); (J.D.G.); (M.Y.W.K.)
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S2W6, Canada
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3365-6241; Fax: +61-3365-6877
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17
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Ooms L, van Kruijsbergen M, Collard D, Leemrijse C, Veenhof C. Sporting programs aimed at inactive population groups in the Netherlands: factors influencing their long-term sustainability in the organized sports setting. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2019; 11:33. [PMID: 31827807 PMCID: PMC6862784 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The organized sports sector has received increased interest as a setting to stimulate physical activity among inactive target groups. To include many inactive people and to obtain population health benefits, it is important that effective sporting programs are sustained (i.e. continuation of program activities) over a long period of time. This study identified the factors influencing the long-term sustainability of these kind of sporting programs located within local sports clubs in the Netherlands. Methods Fourteen Dutch sporting programs aimed at increasing physical activity levels of inactive population groups and funded within the National Action Plan for Sport and Exercise (NAPSE) were the focus of this study. The programs were developed by ten Dutch National Sports Federations (NSFs) and implemented by different sports clubs in the Netherlands within a three-year funded implementation period (2008–2011). This research consisted of semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the program coordinators of the NSFs (n = 14) and semi-structured telephone interviews with representatives of sports clubs that provided the programs (n = 17 continued the program, n = 11 discontinued the program) six and a half years after the funding period ended (November 2017–March 2018). A sustainability framework with five pre-specified main themes (i.e. program design, implementation, trainer/coach, organizational setting, broader community environment) guided data collection and (deductive) thematic analysis. Results Ten of the fourteen NAPSE funded sporting programs were sustained at the level of the NSFs. Most factors facilitating (+) and impeding (−) the long-term sustainability of the programs were common to both NSFs and sports clubs, like program adaptation (+) and a lack of program financing (−). Program evaluation (+) and high program costs (−) were specific factors mentioned by NSFs, while factors related to human resources (e.g. lack of volunteers (−)) or the sports club nature (e.g. social aspect in program design (+)) applied to sports clubs. The factors were summarized in the form of a checklist. Conclusions Key factors influencing the long-term sustainability of the sporting programs were identified. The results can be used to develop strategies to promote long-term sustainability of these kind of programs and inform funding guidelines in countries with a similar organized sports infrastructure.
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18
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Pedisic Z, Shrestha N, Kovalchik S, Stamatakis E, Liangruenrom N, Grgic J, Titze S, Biddle SJ, Bauman AE, Oja P. Is running associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and is the more the better? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:898-905. [PMID: 31685526 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of running participation and the dose of running with the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Journal articles, conference papers and doctoral theses indexed in Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MasterFILE Complete, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Prospective cohort studies on the association between running or jogging participation and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and/or cancer mortality in a non-clinical population of adults were included. RESULTS Fourteen studies from six prospective cohorts with a pooled sample of 232 149 participants were included. In total, 25 951 deaths were recorded during 5.5-35 year follow-ups. Our meta-analysis showed that running participation is associated with 27%, 30% and 23% lower risk of all-cause (pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 to 0.79), cardiovascular (HR=0.70; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.98) and cancer (HR=0.77; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.87) mortality, respectively, compared with no running. A meta-regression analysis showed no significant dose-response trends for weekly frequency, weekly duration, pace and the total volume of running. CONCLUSION Increased rates of participation in running, regardless of its dose, would probably lead to substantial improvements in population health and longevity. Any amount of running, even just once a week, is better than no running, but higher doses of running may not necessarily be associated with greater mortality benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kovalchik
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sylvia Titze
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stuart Jh Biddle
- Institute for Resilient Regions, Centre for Health, Informatics, and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pekka Oja
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
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19
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Evans MB, McLaren C, Budziszewski R, Gilchrist J. When a sense of “we” shapes the sense of “me”: exploring how groups impact running identity and behavior. SELF AND IDENTITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2018.1436084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Blair Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Colin McLaren
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ross Budziszewski
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jenna Gilchrist
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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20
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Spaaij R, Lusher D, Jeanes R, Farquharson K, Gorman S, Magee J. Participation-performance tension and gender affect recreational sports clubs' engagement with children and young people with diverse backgrounds and abilities. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214537. [PMID: 30995256 PMCID: PMC6469765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sport participation has been shown to be associated with health and social benefits. However, there are persisting inequities and barriers to sport participation that can prevent children and young people with diverse backgrounds and abilities from accessing these benefits. This mixed methods study investigated how diversity is understood, experienced and managed in junior sport. The study combined in-depth interviews (n = 101), surveys (n = 450) and observations over a three-year period. The results revealed that a focus on performance and competitiveness negatively affected junior sports clubs' commitment to diversity and inclusive participation. Gender and a range of attitudes about diversity were also strongly related. On average, we found that those who identified as men were more likely to support a pro-performance stance, be homophobic, endorse stricter gender roles, and endorse violence as a natural masculine trait. In addition, those who identified as men were less likely to hold pro-disability attitudes. These findings suggest that the participation-performance tension and gender affect to what extent, and how, sports clubs engage children and young people with diverse backgrounds and abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Spaaij
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Dean Lusher
- Centre for Transformative Innovation, Faculty of Business and Law, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth Jeanes
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Farquharson
- Department of Education and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean Gorman
- School of Media, Culture & Creative Arts, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan Magee
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Aggio D, Papacosta O, Lennon LT, Ash S, Whincup PH, Goya Wannamethee S, Jefferis BJ. Tracking of sport and exercise types from midlife to old age: a 20-year cohort study of British men. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2018; 15:16. [PMID: 30546481 PMCID: PMC6284285 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-018-0205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous physical activity (PA) tracking studies have examined the stability of overall PA and/or PA types, but few have investigated how specific types of sport/exercise track over the life course. The aim of this study was to determine how specific sports/exercises in midlife track and predict future sport/exercise and PA in men transitioning to old age. Methods Seven thousand seven hundred thirty-five men (aged 40–59 years) recruited in 1978–80 were followed up after 12, 16 and 20 years. At each wave men self-reported participation in sport/exercise. Frequent sport/exercise participants (> 1/month) reported the types of sport/exercise they engaged in. Men also reported total PA, health status, lifestyle behaviours and socio-demographic characteristics. Stability of each sport/exercise was assessed using kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficients. Logistic regression estimated the odds of participating in sport/exercise and being active at 20-year follow up according to specific types of sport/exercise in midlife. Results Three thousand three hundred eighty-four men with complete data at all waves were included in analyses. Tracking of specific sports/exercises ranged from fair to substantial, with golf being the most common and most stable. Bowls was the most frequently adopted. Odds of participating in sport/exercise and being active in old age varied according to sport/exercise types in midlife. Golf and bowls in midlife were the strongest predictors of sport/exercise participation in old age. Golf, cricket and running/jogging in midlife were among the strongest predictors of being active in old age. Compared to participating in just one sport/exercise in midlife, sampling multiple sports/exercises was more strongly associated with sport/exercise participation and being active in old age. Conclusion The stability of sport/exercise participation from midlife to old age varies by type. Specific sports/exercises in midlife may be more likely to predict future PA than others. However, participating in a range of sports/exercises may be optimal for preserving PA into old age. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11556-018-0205-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aggio
- 1UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK.,UCL Physical Activity Research Group, London, UK
| | - Olia Papacosta
- 1UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
| | - Lucy T Lennon
- 1UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
| | - Sarah Ash
- 1UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
| | - Peter H Whincup
- 3Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE UK
| | - S Goya Wannamethee
- 1UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
| | - Barbara J Jefferis
- 1UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK.,UCL Physical Activity Research Group, London, UK
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22
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Al-Hazzaa HM, AlMarzooqi MA. Descriptive Analysis of Physical Activity Initiatives for Health Promotion in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2018; 6:329. [PMID: 30488032 PMCID: PMC6246731 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the benefits of physical activity are well acknowledged, a high percentage of Saudi population, especially females, remain essentially physically inactive. Getting inactive people to start participating in physical activity and to keep exercising remains a great challenge. Physical activity initiatives in the country have not been previously documented. Therefore, the aim of this article was to provide a narrative review of the physical activity initiatives and discusses influencing factors. Methods: Publically-available physical activity initiatives conducted before June 2018 were searched through the web or they were obtained straight from the organization themselves. The search focus was on any initiative aimed to promote physical activity and mass sports participation and encourage people to adopt active living habit. Results: Numerous initiatives aimed at promoting physical activity existed in Saudi Arabia. However, a common attribute of these initiatives is that they were fragmented, short term attempts, and lacked a coordinating body. The majority of the physical activity initiatives also lacked objective evaluations of their outcomes. It was clear that more physical activity opportunity must be provided for Saudi girls, women, and elderly. There is a need for establishing a national policy encouraging active living and discouraging sedentary lifestyle with contributions from all involved parties. Conclusions: Based on the available evidences, more intensified efforts toward promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviors among Saudi population are needed in order to reduce the risks of NCD's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mezna A AlMarzooqi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Eime R, Harvey J, Charity M. Girls' transition from participation in a modified sport program to club sport competition - a study of longitudinal patterns and correlates. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:718. [PMID: 29884156 PMCID: PMC5994114 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in sport is very popular for young children. Many children participate in entry-level modified sports programs. These programs are modified to match the developmental capacity of children and are aimed at development of fundamental motor skills and sport-specific skills, rather than competition. There is limited research on the longitudinal tracking of children in these programs and into club-based competition. Research suggests that most children drop-out of the sport and do not transition into club-based competition. Furthermore, more females than males drop-out of sport. The aim of this study is to investigate longitudinally, the patterns and demographic predictors of children's transition from modified sport programs to club sport competition for females. METHODS This study analysed sport participation for females in a popular Australian, predominantly female, sport. Players of the modified sports program were followed over 4 years to determine their pattern of transition: transition to junior player status, withdraw from the sport, or continue in the modified program. Pattern of transition was compared across age (4-10), geographical region (metropolitan/non-metropolitan) and socio-economic status (SES). Logistic regression was used to model the effect of the three factors on the likelihood of transition. RESULTS A total of 13,760 female children (aged 4-10) participated in the modified sport in the first year. The majority (59%) transitioned from the modified sport program and into club competition. However the rate of transition varied with age, residential location and socio-economic status, and there was an interaction between region and SES, with SES having a significant influence on transition in the metropolitan region. The peak sport entry age with the highest rates of transition was 7-9 years. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that whilst the majority of female participants continued participantion and tranisitioned from the modified sport program and into club competition, the strongest correlate of transition was age of entry, with transition rate peaking among those who commenced at age 7-9 years. It is recommended that, in order to maximise continued participation, sport policy and strategic developments should consider the possibility that targeting the very young is not the optimum recruitment strategy for fostering continued sport participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Eime
- Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jack Harvey
- Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie Charity
- Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Eime RM, Harvey JT, Charity MJ, Nelson R. Demographic characteristics and type/frequency of physical activity participation in a large sample of 21,603 Australian people. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:692. [PMID: 29871601 PMCID: PMC5989390 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity (PA) is imperative for good health and there are many different ways that people can be active. There are a range of health, PA and sport policies aiming to get more people active more often. Much research has been directed towards understanding the determinants of inactivity and PA. However, it is important to understand the differences not only between inactive and active people, but also between activity contexts (for example participation in sport compared to non-sport activities), in order to align policies and strategies to engage market segments who have different participation preferences and accessibility. The aim of this study was to investigate demographic correlates of the propensity to be physically inactive or active within different contexts, and at different levels of frequency of participation. METHODS Data from the Australian Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey was used for this analysis. This included information on the type, frequency and duration of leisure-time PA for Australians aged 15 years and over. Reported PA participation in the two-week period prior to the survey was used to allocate respondents into three categories: no PA, non-sport PA only, and sport. Subsequently, sport participants were further categorised according to frequency of participation. Potential demographic correlates included sex, age, education, employment, marital status, language spoken, having a condition that restricts life, children, and socio-economic status. RESULTS The survey included 21,603 people. Bivariate chi-squared analysis showed that there were significant differences between the profiles of leisure-time PA participation across all demographic variables, except the variable languages spoken at home. Ordinal regression analysis showed that the same demographic variables were also correlated with the propensity to engage in more organised and competitive PA contexts, and to participate more frequently. CONCLUSIONS People who were female, older, married or had a disability were less likely to participate in sport. Therefore when designing PA opportunities to engage those who are inactive, particularly those that are organised by a club or group, we need to ensure that appropriate strategies are developed, and tailored sport products offered, to ensure greater opportunities for increased diversity of participation in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle M Eime
- School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia. .,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jack T Harvey
- School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie J Charity
- School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rayoni Nelson
- Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth), Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Abstract
Due to their high physical functioning, masters athletes are regularly proposed to exemplify successful aging. However, successful aging research on masters athletes has never been undertaken using a multidimensional successful aging model. To determine the best model for future successful aging research on masters athletes, we had masters swimmers (N = 169, M age = 57.4 years, 61% women) self-report subjective successful aging, and physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning. Using this data we tested one hypothesized and three alternative successful aging models. The hypothesized model fit the data best (-2LL = 2052.32, AIC = 1717) with physical (β = 0.31, SE = 0.11), psychological (β = 0.25, SE = 0.11), and social (β = 1.20, SE = 0.63) functioning factors significantly loading onto a higher order successful aging latent factor. Successful aging should be conceptualized as a multidimensional phenomenon in future masters athlete research.
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26
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Ekegren CL, Beck B, Simpson PM, Gabbe BJ. Ten-Year Incidence of Sport and Recreation Injuries Resulting in Major Trauma or Death in Victoria, Australia, 2005-2015. Orthop J Sports Med 2018. [PMID: 29531961 PMCID: PMC5843106 DOI: 10.1177/2325967118757502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sports injuries that result in major trauma or death are associated with significant health care burden and societal costs. An understanding of changes in injury trends, and their drivers, is needed to implement policy aimed at risk reduction and injury prevention. To date, population-level reporting has not been available regarding trends in serious sport and recreation injuries anywhere in Australia over such an extended period, nor have any studies of this length captured comprehensive, long-term data on all sports-related major trauma internationally. Purpose: To describe the incidence of sport and active recreation injuries resulting in major trauma or death over a 10-year period (July 2005 to June 2015) in the state of Victoria, Australia. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: All sport and active recreation–related major trauma cases and deaths in Victoria, Australia, over a 10-year period were extracted from the population-level Victorian State Trauma Registry and the National Coroners Information System. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine trends in the incidence of sport and active recreation–related major trauma and death. Results: The 10-year study period entailed 2847 nonfatal major trauma cases and 614 deaths (including 96 in-hospital deaths). The highest frequencies of major trauma cases and deaths were in cycling, motor sports, and equestrian activities. The participation-adjusted major trauma and death rate was 12.2 per 100,000 participants per year over the study period. An 8% increase was noted in the rate of nonfatal major trauma (incident rate ratio [IRR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06-1.10; P < .001) and a 7% decrease in the death rate (IRR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90-0.97; P < .001). Significant increases were found in the rates of major trauma (including deaths) in equestrian activities, motor sports, and cycling. Conclusion: The death rate from sport and active recreation decreased by more than half over the course of 10 years in Victoria, while the rate of nonfatal major trauma almost doubled. This increase is largely attributable to equestrian activities, motor sports, and cycling. Study findings highlight the need to prioritize investments in the prevention of trauma in these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ekegren
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Beck
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamela M Simpson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda J Gabbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Farr Institute, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales
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27
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Ooms L, Veenhof C, de Bakker DH. The Start2Bike program is effective in increasing health-enhancing physical activity: a controlled study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:606. [PMID: 28662659 PMCID: PMC5493001 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sports club is seen as a new relevant setting to promote health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) among inactive population groups. Little is known about the effectiveness of strategies and activities implemented in the sports club setting on increasing HEPA levels. This study investigated the effects of Start2Bike, a six-week training program for inactive adults and adult novice cyclers, on HEPA levels of participants in the Netherlands. METHODS To measure physical activity, the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity was used (SQUASH). Start2Bike participants were measured at baseline, six weeks and six months. A matched control group was measured at baseline and six months. The main outcome measure was whether participants met the Dutch Norm for Health-enhancing Physical Activity (DNHPA: 30 min of moderate-intensity activity on five days a week); Fit-norm (20 min of vigorous-intensity activity on three days a week); and Combi-norm (meeting the DNHPA and/or Fit-norm). Other outcome measures included: total minutes of physical activity per week; and minutes of physical activity per week per domain and intensity category. Statistical analyses consisted of McNemar tests and paired t-tests (within-group changes); and multiple logistic and linear regression analyses (between-group changes). RESULTS In the Start2Bike group, compliance with Dutch physical activity norms increased significantly, both after six weeks and six months. Control group members did not alter their physical activity behavior. Between-group analyses showed that participants in the Start2Bike group were more likely to meet the Fit-norm at the six-month measurement compared to the control group (odds ratio = 2.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-5.8, p = 0.03). This was due to the Start2Bike participants spending on average 193 min/week more in vigorous-intensity activities (b = 193; 95% CI = 94-293, p < 0.001) and 130 min/week more in sports activities (b = 130; 95% CI = 82-178, p < 0.001) than control group members. CONCLUSIONS Start2Bike positively influences HEPA levels of participants by increasing participation in sport. A relatively short sporting program, offered by a sports club, can be used to encourage less active people to engage in and continue sport at HEPA levels. Overall, sport can contribute to health through increased HEPA and the sports club can serve as a setting to stimulate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ooms
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), PO Box 1568, 3500 BN, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Veenhof
- Physical Therapy Research, Program in Clinical Health Sciences & Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sport, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Care, PO Box 12011, 3501 AA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dinny H. de Bakker
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), PO Box 1568, 3500 BN, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Scientific Center for Transformation in Care and Welfare (Tranzo), Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Møllerløkken NE, Lorås H, Pedersen AV. A Comparison of Players' and Coaches' Perceptions of the Coach-Created Motivational Climate within Youth Soccer Teams. Front Psychol 2017; 8:109. [PMID: 28203217 PMCID: PMC5285385 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coach-created motivational climate within youth sports teams has been shown to be of great importance for the quality of youths' sports experiences as well as their motivation for continuing or discontinuing sport participation. While the player's perspective on motivational climates has been studied extensively, the coach's perspective has received considerably less attention. Thus, little is known about the concordance of perceptions of the motivational climate between coaches and their players, or the lack thereof. The purpose of the present study was to directly compare players' and coaches' perceptions of the motivational climate within their respective teams. To this end, 256 male and female soccer players (15-17 years of age) from 17 different teams and their coaches (n = 29) responded to the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2). The study design included responses from both coaches and players to the same questionnaire, and both groups were aware of the other part's participation. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between players' and coaches' perceptions of the motivational climate. Specifically, players of both sexes perceived the motivational climate to be significantly more performance-oriented and significantly less mastery-oriented compared with the coaches. These findings may advance our understanding of the coach-athlete relationship, and may be of importance for understanding players' motivation for persistence or discontinuation of the sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Elise Møllerløkken
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Lorås
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arve Vorland Pedersen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway
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Macniven R, Hearn S, Grunseit A, Richards J, Nutbeam D, Bauman A. Correlates of physical activity among Australian Indigenous and non‐Indigenous adolescents. Aust N Z J Public Health 2016; 41:187-192. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rona Macniven
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Shane Hearn
- Division of the Deputy Vice‐Chancellor & Vice‐PresidentThe University of Adelaide South Australia
| | - Anne Grunseit
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Justin Richards
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Don Nutbeam
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of Sydney New South Wales
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30
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Physical Activity and Health Perception in Aging: Do Body Mass and Satisfaction Matter? A Three-Path Mediated Link. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160805. [PMID: 27611689 PMCID: PMC5017576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ageing people could benefit from healthy diet and physical activity to maintain health and quality of life, further understandings of the diet- and physical activity-related mechanisms that may cause changes in health and quality of life perception are necessary. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of eating attitudes, body mass and image satisfaction, and exercise dependence in the relationship between physical activity and health and quality of life perception in older individuals. Hundred and seventy-nine late middle-aged, (55–64 yrs), young-old (65–74 yrs), and old (75–84 yrs) senior athletes (n = 56), physically active (n = 58) or sedentary adults (n = 65) were submitted to anthropometric evaluations (body mass, height) and self-reported questionnaires: Body Image Dimensional Assessment, Exercise Dependence Scale, Eating Attitude Test, and Short Form Health Survey (Physical Component Summary [PCS] and Mental Component Summary [MCS] of and health and quality of life perception). Senior athletes, physically active, and sedentary participants subgroups differed (P<0.05) from each other in body mass index (BMI) and several components of body image and exercise dependence. Senior athletes showed, compared to their sedentary counterparts, further differences (P<0.05) in eating attitudes and in both PCS and MCS. Mediation analysis showed that the relationship between physical activity habit and MCS, but not PCS, was indirectly explained by a serial mediation chain composed of objective BMI and subjective body image (dis)satisfaction. Findings confirm the relevant role of physically active life habits for older individuals to perceive good physical and mental health. The novelty of the three-path mediated link between physical activity level and mental health perception suggests that the beneficial effect of a physically active lifestyle on weight control can positively impinge on the cognitive-emotional dimension of mental health by ensuring the maintenance, also at older age, of a satisfactory body image.
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31
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Strain T, Fitzsimons C, Foster C, Mutrie N, Townsend N, Kelly P. Age-related comparisons by sex in the domains of aerobic physical activity for adults in Scotland. Prev Med Rep 2015; 3:90-7. [PMID: 26844194 PMCID: PMC4733093 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the age-related differences in the contributions of the domains of physical activity (PA) for men and women in Scotland who met the current PA guidelines or who were insufficiently active. METHODS We analysed data from the 2013 Scottish Health Survey (4885 adults (≥ 16 years)). Average weekly minutes of moderate or vigorous PA (MVPA) and the relative contributions to total MVPA were calculated for the domains of: walking, cycling, domestic, leisure, occupational, outdoor, non-team sport, team sport, and exercise & fitness. We performed linear regression analyses to assess differences by 10-year age group, stratified by sex and activity status (1-149 or ≥ 150 min of MVPA per week). These were repeated excluding occupational activity due to concerns with its measurement. RESULTS For the 64.3% of the sample that met the guidelines, occupational activity was the most prevalent domain accounting for 18-26% of all MVPA for those under 65 years. When excluded, there was no age-related decline in total MVPA (p > 0.05). For the 18.6% of the sample that reported 1-149 min of MVPA per week, domestic activity was the most prevalent domain. Across both sexes and activity statuses, exercise & fitness declined with age and walking was most prevalent in the oldest age group. CONCLUSION The domains in which adults in Scotland undertake MVPA vary by age group. Policies designed to increase PA should take this into account. Our findings challenge current thinking on age-related changes in activity, with the exclusion of occupational activity mitigating any age-related decline in MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Strain
- The Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Fitzsimons
- The Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Foster
- The British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Nanette Mutrie
- The Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Townsend
- The British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches for Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kelly
- The Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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32
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Eime RM, Casey MM, Harvey JT, Charity MJ, Young JA, Payne WR. Participation in modified sports programs: a longitudinal study of children's transition to club sport competition. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:649. [PMID: 26168916 PMCID: PMC4499936 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children are not physically active enough for a health benefit. One avenue of physical activity is modified sport programs, designed as an introduction to sport for young children. This longitudinal study identified trends in participation among children aged 4-12 years. Outcomes included continuation in the modified sports program, withdrawal from the program or transition to club sport competition. METHODS De-identified data on participant membership registrations in three popular sports in the Australian state of Victoria were obtained from each sport's state governing body over a 4-year period (2009-2012 for Sport A and 2010-2013 for Sports B and C). From the membership registrations, those who were enrolled in a modified sports program in the first year were tracked over the subsequent three years and classified as one of: transition (member transitioned from a modified sport program to a club competition); continue (member continued participation in a modified sport program; or withdraw (member discontinued a modified program and did not transition to club competition). RESULTS Many modified sports participants were very young, especially males aged 4-6 years. More children withdrew from their modified sport program rather than transitioning. There were age differences between when boys and girls started, withdrew and transitioned from the modified sports programs. CONCLUSIONS If we can retain children in sport it is likely to be beneficial for their health. This study highlights considerations for the development and implementation of sport policies and programming to ensure lifelong participation is encouraged for both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle M Eime
- School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia.
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Meghan M Casey
- School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia.
| | - Jack T Harvey
- School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia.
| | - Melanie J Charity
- School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia.
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Janet A Young
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Warren R Payne
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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