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Wang X, Qu S, Yang D, Qi W, Zhang F, Zhu R, Sun L, Yan Q, Qi Y, Yue G, Yin C, Luo C. Association between breakfast patterns and executive function among adolescents in Shanghai, China. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1373129. [PMID: 38807645 PMCID: PMC11132186 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1373129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between breakfast patterns and executive function among adolescents in Shanghai, China. Methods In 2022, we randomly recruited 3,012 adolescents aged 12-13 years from all administrative districts in Shanghai. Breakfast information was collected by parents using a one-day recall method. Executive function was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Parent Version. Latent Class Analysis was performed to identify breakfast patterns based on the food groups in the Diet Quality Questionnaire for China. Results Breakfast patterns were classified into three categories: "Egg and milk foods", "Grain foods", and "Abundant foods", except for adolescents who skipped breakfast. Logistic regression was used to estimate the multivariate odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between breakfast patterns and potential executive dysfunction. Adolescents in the "Abundant foods" class had a lower risk of executive dysfunction in terms of initiate (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.17-0.76), and organization of materials (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04-0.94), compared to those who skipped breakfast. Similarly, the breakfast patterns of "Grain foods" and "Egg and milk foods" were associated with a lower risk of executive dysfunction, including initiate and working memory. Discussion Our findings suggest that breakfast patterns were associated with executive function. The improvement of breakfast patterns among adolescents should be a significant public health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunyan Luo
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Selçuk Tosun A, Altınel B, Koçak Uyaroğlu A, Ergin E. The prevalence of smoking and the levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy among adolescents in Turkey: A descriptive cross-sectional study. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e563-e569. [PMID: 37923616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of smoking and the levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy in adolescents and to examine the risk factors affecting smoking. DESIGN AND METHODS The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. This study was conducted with a total of 2566 adolescents (13-19 years of age). In order to collect research data, Personal Information Form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Self-Efficacy Scale for Children were used. RESULTS In the current study, the mean age of adolescents was 15.88 ± 1.20 years and the prevalence of smoking was 11.3%. Variables such as age, gender, family type, parental employment status, presence of smokers in the immediate circle, and self-efficacy levels were determined as risk factors that had an impact on smoking. It was found that the total score of the self-efficacy scale increased the probability of smoking by 3.413 times, the academic self-efficacy subscale by 5.064 times, and the emotional self-efficacy subscale by 2.045 times. CONCLUSION The present study concludes that certain adolescents are in the risk group. The adolescents in the risk of smoking are those who have low levels of self-efficacy, who are older, male, have a nuclear family, whose mothers do not work, whose fathers work, and who have smokers in their immediate circle. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS School nurses can identify students at risk of smoking at an early stage. In addition, training sessions and intervention programs aimed at improving social skills can be developed to boost their self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alime Selçuk Tosun
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Selçuk, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Altınel
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Selçuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Arzu Koçak Uyaroğlu
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Selçuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Emine Ergin
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
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Gautam N, Dessie G, Rahman MM, Khanam R. Socioeconomic status and health behavior in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1228632. [PMID: 37915814 PMCID: PMC10616829 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1228632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status affects individuals' health behaviors and contributes to a complex relationship between health and development. Due to this complexity, the relationship between SES and health behaviors is not yet fully understood. This literature review, therefore, aims to assess the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Preferred Reporting for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol guidelines were used to conduct a systematic literature review. The electronic online databases EBSCO Host, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct were utilized to systematically search published articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appeal tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Eligibility criteria such as study context, study participants, study setting, outcome measures, and key findings were used to identify relevant literature that measured the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors. Out of 2,391 studies, only 46 met the final eligibility criteria and were assessed in this study. Our review found that children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status face an elevated risk of unhealthy behaviors (e.g., early initiation of smoking, high-energy-dense food, low physical activity, and involvement in drug abuse), in contrast to their counterparts. Conversely, children and adolescents from higher socioeconomic backgrounds exhibit a higher prevalence of health-promoting behaviors, such as increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, dairy products, regular breakfast, adherence to a nutritious diet, and engagement in an active lifestyle. The findings of this study underscore the necessity of implementing specific intervention measures aimed at providing assistance to families from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds to mitigate the substantial disparities in health behavior outcomes in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Gautam
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Getenet Dessie
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Liu TY, Qiu DC, Song F, Chen T. Trends in Socio-economic Inequality in Smoking Among Middle-aged and Older Adults in China: Evidence From the 2011 and 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:50-57. [PMID: 35764073 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Socio-economic inequalities in smoking and related health problems are a public health concern worldwide. To support the development of effective tobacco control policies, this study examines trends in smoking rates according to socio-economic status (SES) in China. AIMS AND METHODS We analyzed data from repeated cross-sectional China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) on adults aged ≥45 years for the years 2011 and 2018, which involved 16 471 participants in 2011 and 19 367 in 2018. We then estimated the SES of individuals based on four types of wealth-related variables, namely, education, occupation, household characteristics, and durable consumer goods. Principal-component analysis was conducted to measure SES, and the Erreygers normalised concentration index (ECI) was used to calculate socio-economic inequality in current smoking by gender, age, and region. RESULTS The overall ECI (95% confidence interval) for women was -0.042 (-0.054 to -0.031) and -0.038 (-0.047 to -0.029) for 2011 and 2018, respectively. The ECI (95% confidence interval) for men was -0.077 (-0.101 to -0.050) and -0.019 (-0.042 to 0.005) for 2011 and 2018, respectively. The inequality in smoking by SES for adults aged < 60 years in the Northeast region increased during 2011-2018, from -0.069 (-0.144 to 0.006) to -0.119 (-0.199 to -0.038) for women and from 0.009 (-0.115 to 0.132) to -0.164 (-0.296 to -0.032) for men. CONCLUSIONS smoking inequality by socio-economic among adults aged ≥45 years declined in recent years in China. However, smoking inequality by SES increased in other population groups. IMPLICATIONS Our research indicated that socio-economic inequality of current smoking among residents aged 45 years and older declined in 2018 when compared with 2011 numbers, particularly for men aged ≥ 60 years. Women in the Northeast region displayed more significant smoking inequality by SES than women in other regions did. During the study period, there was an increase in inequality in smoking by SES for adults aged < 60 years in the Northeast region. Thus, tobacco control policies and interventions should be targeted at high-risk subpopulations with lower SES, particularly in Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Yi Liu
- School of Public Health, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Chao Qiu
- Jintang First People's Hospital, West China Hospital Sichuan University Jingtang Hospital, Jingtang, China
| | - Fujian Song
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Public Health, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Identifying Cardiovascular Risk Profiles Clusters among Mediterranean Adolescents across Seven Countries. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020268. [PMID: 35206882 PMCID: PMC8872068 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally and are partially due to the inability to control modifiable lifestyle risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the profiles of adolescents from seven Mediterranean countries (Greece, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, Spain) according to their modifiable lifestyle risk factors for CVD (overweight/obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption). The sample consisted of 26,110 adolescents (52.3% girls) aged 11, 13, and 15 years who participated in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in 2018 across the seven countries. Sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, country of residence, socioeconomic status) and CVD modifiable lifestyle risk factors (overweight/obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption) were recorded. A two-step cluster analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square test were performed. Four different cluster groups were identified: two low-risk groups (64.46%), with risk among those with low physical activity levels; moderate-risk group (14.83%), with two risk factors (unhealthy weight and low physical activity level); and a high-risk group (20.7%), which presented risk in all modifiable lifestyle risk factors. Older adolescents reported a higher likelihood of being in the high-risk group. Given that the adolescence period constitutes an important time for interventions aimed at CVD prevention, identifying profiles of moderate- and high-risk adolescents is crucial.
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Wang L, Chen J, Leung LT, Ho SY, Lam TH, Wang MP. Use patterns of cigarettes and alternative tobacco products and socioeconomic correlates in Hong Kong secondary school students. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17253. [PMID: 34446733 PMCID: PMC8390664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major cause of health inequities. However, sociodemographic differences in adolescent tobacco use are unclear. In a territory-wide school-based anonymous survey in 2018/19, we investigated tobacco use and sociodemographic correlates in 33,991 students (mean age 14.8 ± 1.9 years) in Hong Kong. Tobacco use prevalence and current-ever use ratios by sociodemographic factors were calculated. Generalised linear mixed models were used in association analyses. Current use was highest for cigarettes (3.2%), closely followed by alternative tobacco products (3.0%). Current-ever use ratios were highest for heated tobacco products (HTPs, 0.60), followed by nicotine e-cigarettes (0.52), waterpipe (0.51), and cigarettes (0.35). Use prevalence and current-ever use ratios of all products showed curvilinear relations with perceived family affluence (P values < 0.01), being highest in the richest families. Tobacco use was also associated with more senior grades, the lowest parental education, and boys, but current-ever use ratios of HTPs and waterpipe were higher in girls (P values < 0.05). The results suggested that adolescent ever users of nicotine-containing alternative tobacco products were more likely to keep using them than cigarettes, and the richest adolescents were at the highest risks of tobacco use. Diverse tobacco control measures are needed to improve health equity, especially on alternative tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjiu Chen
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China ,grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Lok Tung Leung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Ping Wang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Qiao J, Wang Y, Li X, Jiang F, Zhang Y, Ma J, Song Y, Ma J, Fu W, Pang R, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Qian X, Wang L, Wu J, Chang HM, Leung PCK, Mao M, Ma D, Guo Y, Qiu J, Liu L, Wang H, Norman RJ, Lawn J, Black RE, Ronsmans C, Patton G, Zhu J, Song L, Hesketh T. A Lancet Commission on 70 years of women's reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health in China. Lancet 2021; 397:2497-2536. [PMID: 34043953 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, National Center for Birth Defect Surveillance of China, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- China Program for Health Innovation & Transformation, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- China National Health and Development Research Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyan Pang
- China Maternal and Child Health Association, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofang Zhu
- China National Health and Development Research Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Qian
- School of Public Health & Global Health Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuling Wu
- National Center for Women and Children's Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Mao
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, National Center for Birth Defect Surveillance of China, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haidong Wang
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert J Norman
- Robinson Research Institute, Fertility SA, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joy Lawn
- Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robert E Black
- Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carine Ronsmans
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - George Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, National Center for Birth Defect Surveillance of China, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Li Song
- Department of Women and Children Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Bejing, China.
| | - Therese Hesketh
- Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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The First Cigarette Smoking Experience and Future Smoking Behaviors Among Adolescents with Different Parental Risk: a Longitudinal Analysis in an Urban Iranian Population. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:698-706. [PMID: 32671634 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal research among Iranian adolescent smoking is limited. The current study aimed to investigate (1) the first smoking experience (FSE) and future smoking behaviors of adolescents with different parental risk factors and (2) the association between age of the FSE and future smoking behaviors over a 12-year follow-up. METHOD Based on Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) database, 1487 adolescents (12-18 years) with complete baseline parental data were recruited. Using two-step cluster analysis, families were classified as either high or low risk; these were based on parental risk factors including age, education, employment, and smoking status. Participants were examined four times in 12 years and their data were used for survival analysis. After exclusion of 24 cases who were smokers at baseline, Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to evaluate the effect of parental clusters on the FSE in 1463 nonsmoking adolescents who completed all prospective follow-ups. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of the age of FSE on future smoking behaviors. RESULTS The mean age of adolescents was 14.63 ± 2.07 years at baseline. Adolescents in the high-risk cluster group were 49% more likely to try smoking for their first time, and 55% more likely to smoke in the future. Compared with girls, boys had 83% higher chance of trying their first cigarette. Moreover, 1-year delay in the FSE resulted in 25% reduction in the probability of smoking in the future. CONCLUSION The findings show that compared with adolescents living in low-risk families, teenagers living in high-risk families are at greater risk of smoking at an earlier age; therefore, this group could benefit from gender- and culture specific preventive interventions.
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Prevalence and risk factors of myopia in Han and Yugur older adults in Gansu, China: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8249. [PMID: 32427926 PMCID: PMC7237487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the prevalence of myopia in Northwest China. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of myopia and high myopia in adults aged 40–80 years in the Han and Yugur populations living in Gansu Province, Northwest China. A total of 3,845 participants were included. The overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) < −0.5 D), high myopia (SE < −6.0 D) and hyperopia (SE > + 0.5 D) were 16.4%, 0.7% and 26.2% in Yugur participants, respectively, and 34.3%, 5.0% and 19.2% in Han participants, respectively. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia in Han participants was significantly higher than that in Yugur participants (both P < 0.001). Yugur population, birth in rural areas, smoking history and outdoor work were found to be negatively associated with myopia. Higher education level and a family history of myopia were found to be positively associated with myopia in the study population. High myopia was negatively associated with Yugur population, aging, birth in rural areas and was positively associated with a family history of myopia. This study provided valuable information regarding the environmental risk factors of myopia and revealed an ethnic disparity in the prevalence of myopia in Gansu Province, Northwest China.
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Pohjola V, Puolakka A, Kunttu K, Virtanen JI. Association between dental fear, physical activity and physical and mental well-being among Finnish university students. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:45-51. [PMID: 31386825 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1649457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between physical and mental well-being and physical activity with dental fear among university students in Finland.Methods: We used the 2016 data from the Finnish student health survey (n = 3090). Perceived physical and mental well-being was ascertained with the questions 'How would you describe your current state of physical well-being?' and 'How would you describe your current state of mental well-being'. Dental fear was inquired with question 'Do you feel scared about dental care?' Associations between physical and mental well-being and dental fear were analyzed with cross tabulations and logistic regression analysis.Results: When controlling for age, gender, educational sector, tobacco and alcohol use, those reporting poor or moderate physical or mental well-being were more likely to have high dental fear than were those reporting good physical or mental well-being.Conclusions: In addition to mental well-being, physical well-being was also associated with dental fear; those with poor or moderate physical well-being were more likely to have dental fear than were those with good physical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Pohjola
- Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Puolakka
- Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Zhu J, Shi F, Xu G, Li N, Li J, He Y, Yu J. Conventional Cigarette and E-Cigarette Smoking among School Personnel in Shanghai, China: Prevalence and Determinants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173197. [PMID: 31480564 PMCID: PMC6747063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Smoking cigarettes and e-cigarettes is widely popular among Chinese students. Considering that school personnel are considered role models in the student community, we investigated the prevalence and determinants of such behavior among high school personnel in China so as to provide references for future related intervention measures. We used a stratified cluster sampling design on a total number of 3311 school employees recruited from 33 representative schools. Complex sampling analysis and logistic regressions were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Among 3194 participants that met the study criteria, 7.4% were cigarette users, and 3.6% e-cigarette consumers. For conventional cigarette smokers, certain characteristics, such as being older and male, attaining less education, and having been exposed to secondhand smoke, were associated with heavier smoking. Nevertheless, e-cigarette users were predominantly male and of younger age. Those who understood the hazards of conventional cigarette smoking had less inclination to smoke but were at a higher risk of e-cigarette use. Our analysis suggests that it is necessary to target different populations for monitoring and controlling conventional cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use respectively among school personnel. In addition, China is in need of more relevant and strict anti-smoking regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fanghui Shi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yaping He
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jinming Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Kim SI, Jung SH. Differences in smoking and tooth brushing habits among general high school and vocational high school students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.11149/jkaoh.2018.42.3.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Il Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Choonhae College of Health Sciences, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Se-Hwan Jung
- Department of Preventive & Public Oral Health Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
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de Andrade RCC, Ferreira AD, Ramos D, Ramos EMC, Scarabottolo CC, Saraiva BTC, Gobbo LA, Christofaro DGD. Smoking among adolescents is associated with their own characteristics and with parental smoking: cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2017; 135:561-567. [PMID: 29166435 PMCID: PMC10016012 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0154220717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the association between smoking during adolescence and the characteristics of smoking and alcohol consumption among their parents. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study in Londrina (PR), Brazil. METHODS The subjects comprised 1,231 adolescents aged 14-17 years. The adolescents and their parents answered a self-report questionnaire that asked for sociodemographic information and data on smoking and alcohol consumption. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between smoking among adolescents and their characteristics (age, sex, period of the day for attending school, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic level) and their parents' characteristics (smoking, alcohol consumption, age and education level), adjusted according to the adolescents' characteristics (sex, age and socioeconomic level). RESULTS The prevalence of smoking among adolescents was 3.4% (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.4-4.4). Adolescents whose mothers or fathers were smokers were 2.0 and 2.5 times more likely to be smokers, respectively. The prevalence of smoking among adolescents with a smoking mother was 7.1% (95% CI: 2.6-10.7) and a smoking father, 5.4% (95% CI: 1.6-8.5). There were significant associations between smoking adolescents and age [5.2% (95% CI: 3.3-6.6)], studying at night [9.6% (95% CI: 4.0-15.5)] and alcohol consumption [69.0% (95% CI: 55.0-83.0)]. It was observed that the number of alcoholic beverage doses consumed was higher among smoking adolescents (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Adolescent smoking was associated with smoking by their parents, regardless of the gender of the parents or adolescents. Age, alcohol consumption and studying at night are characteristics of adolescents that can contribute towards smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Campos Cuissi de Andrade
- MSc. Physiotherapist, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Technology and Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
| | - Aline Duarte Ferreira
- MSc. Professor, Department of Physical Education, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
| | - Dionei Ramos
- Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
| | - Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos
- Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
| | - Catarina Covolo Scarabottolo
- Master’s Student, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro (SP), Brazil.
| | - Bruna Thamyres Ciccotti Saraiva
- Master’s Student, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro (SP), Brazil.
| | - Luis Alberto Gobbo
- Professor, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
| | - Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- Professor, Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
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