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Gumede L, Nkosi PB, Sibiya MN. Allopathic medicine practitioners' experiences with non-disclosure of traditional medicine use. Health SA 2024; 29:2381. [PMID: 38322375 PMCID: PMC10839234 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A pertinent issue impacting patient treatment outcomes is the nondisclosure of traditional medicine (TM) use to Allopathic medicine practitioners (AMPs). For years, TM has been a controversial practice, with patients often using it alongside allopathic medicine without disclosing their use. It is imperitive to learn and understand the experiences of AMPs regarding the disclosure of TM use in Gauteng province to enable them to provide the best possible treatment outcomes for patients who use TM. Aim This study aimed to explore the experiences of AMPs regarding non-disclosure of TM use in Gauteng province. Setting This study was conducted in four district hospitals where outpatient care and services are rendered in Gauteng Province. Methods An interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) design was followed. Fourteen purposefully sampled AMPs participated in face-to-face, one-on-one, and semi-structured interviews. Interpretive phenomenological analysis in Atlas.ti was conducted. Results Three themes emerged: bedside manner of AMPs; stigmatising TM use; and individual belief systems. The belief of patients' disclosure hesitancy because of fear of judgment by the AMPs underpinned these themes. Conclusion Allopathic medicine practitioners are aware that patients who use TM could feel guilty and stigmatised. They acknowledged that patients use TM because of cultural and ethnic reasons, which should not be disregarded. Contribution The study highlighted that patients do not disclose their TM use because of AMPs' attitudes, stigmatising TM use, and their prejudices against the cultural beliefs of patients. Allopathic medicine practitioners should establish good communication with patients by providing patient-centred communication to facilitate disclosure of TM use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindiwe Gumede
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pauline B. Nkosi
- Department of Radiography, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Maureen N. Sibiya
- Faculty of Innovation and Engagement, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Tuck CZ, Cooper R, Aryeetey R, Gray LA, Akparibo R. A critical review and analysis of the context, current burden, and application of policy to improve cancer equity in Ghana. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:254. [PMID: 38066530 PMCID: PMC10709985 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer causes a major disease burden worldwide. This is increasingly being realised in low and middle-income countries, which account disproportionately for preventable cancer deaths. Despite the World Health Organization calling for governments to develop policies to address this and alleviate cancer inequality, numerous challenges in executing effective cancer policies remain, which require consideration of the country-specific context. As this has not yet been considered in Ghana, the aim of this review was to bring together and critique the social-environmental, health policy and system factors to identifying opportunities for future health policies to reduce cancer burden in the Ghanian context. A critical policy-focused review was conducted to bring together and critique the current health systems context relating to cancer in Ghana, considering the unmet policy need, health system and social factors contributing to the burden and policy advances related to cancer. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the changing burden of cancer in Ghana and the contextual factors within the socio-ecosystem that contribute to this. Policies around expanding access to and coverage of services, as well as the harmonization with medical pluralism have potential to improve outcomes and increase equity but their implementation and robust data to monitor their impact pose significant barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Zabrina Tuck
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Richard Cooper
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | | | - Laura A Gray
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Robert Akparibo
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
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Zadjali FA, Brooks J, O'Neill TW, Stanmore E. Impact of postmenopausal osteoporosis on the lives of Omani women and the use of cultural and religious practises to relieve pain: A hermeneutic phenomenological study. Health Expect 2023; 26:2278-2292. [PMID: 37493005 PMCID: PMC10632639 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a significant clinical and public health concern worldwide. Despite the impact of this condition on women's lives, most studies have focused on its clinical manifestations, drug efficacy, and medical treatment. Furthermore, most studies have been conducted in the West. This study aimed to uncover the personal experiences of postmenopausal Omani women living with osteoporosis. METHODS In this interpretive phenomenological study, a purposive sample of 15 postmenopausal Omani women with osteoporosis was recruited from primary and secondary care facilities in Muscat, Oman. Semi-structured one-to-one interviews were conducted via Zoom and telephone because of coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions. The interviews were audio-recorded, and the Ajjawi and Higgs framework was used to analyse the data thematically. RESULTS The following key themes were constructed from the interviews: the impact of osteoporosis on religious practices, cultural and social life, and financial status, and the benefits derived from religious and cultural practices and rituals, including Muslim prayer, recitation of Quranic verses, and herbal remedies to cope with osteoporosis-related pain and suffering. CONCLUSION Osteoporosis and fragility fractures have a significant impact on the religious, cultural, and financial lives of postmenopausal Omani women with osteoporosis. Muslim prayers, recitation of Quranic verses, and herbal remedies are coping strategies for pain in this population. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Postmenopausal Omani women with osteoporosis participated in this study through interviews and contributed their lived experiences. Orthopaedic doctors helped recruit patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Al Zadjali
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social WorkUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC)ManchesterUK
| | - Jane Brooks
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social WorkUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC)ManchesterUK
| | - Terence W. O'Neill
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus ArthritisUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of RheumatologySalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustSalfordUK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research CentreManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Emma Stanmore
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social WorkUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC)ManchesterUK
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Bouqoufi A, Lahlou L, Ait El Hadj F, Abdessadek M, Obtel M, Khabbal Y. Prevalence, motivation, and associated factors of medicinal herbs consumption in pregnant women from Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office: a systematic review. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1065-1081. [PMID: 37452524 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2229388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Worldwide access to medication remains a major public health problem that forces pregnant women to self-medicate with several sources, such as medicinal plants. This alternative medicine is increasing in many low- and high-income countries for several reasons. OBJECTIVE This a systematic literature review on the prevalence of herbal use during pregnancy from the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office. METHODS Cross-sectional studies were searched from January 2011 to June 2021 on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We used the Rayyan website to identify the relevant studies by screening the abstracts and titles. These were followed by reading the full texts to identify the final studies to be included. The data were extracted, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the quality appraisal tool. RESULTS Of the 33 studies included in this review, 19 were conducted in Iran, 5 in Saudi Arabia, 4 in Palestine, 2 in Egypt, and 1 each in Oman, Iraq, and Jordan; the prevalence of herbal medicine use among pregnant women varied from 19.2% to 90.2%. Several plants were mentioned for pain management during the pregnancy period. The findings suggest family and friends are major motivating sources for the use of herbal medicine. CONCLUSIONS The wide variety of herbal products used in this study reflects the traditions and geographic diversity of the region. Despite the importance of literature-based data about the use of herbal medicine, it is necessary to obtain knowledge, attitude, and motivation for herbal consumption among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Bouqoufi
- Laboratory of Innovation Research in Health Sciences, Therapeutic Innovation, Translational Research, and Epidemiology, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Laila Lahlou
- Laboratory of Innovation Research in Health Sciences, Therapeutic Innovation, Translational Research, and Epidemiology, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Fatima Ait El Hadj
- Laboratory of Innovation Research in Health Sciences, Therapeutic Innovation, Translational Research, and Epidemiology, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Abdessadek
- Laayoune Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Majdouline Obtel
- Social Medicine, Public Health, Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Youssef Khabbal
- Laboratory of Innovation Research in Health Sciences, Therapeutic Innovation, Translational Research, and Epidemiology, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
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Gyimah L, Asante-Kwatia E, Adjei S, Owusu FA, Darko F, Tabiri E, Mensah AY. Pharmacognostic characterization, wound healing and toxicity assessment of the stem bark of Xylia evansii Hutch (Leguminosae). Heliyon 2023; 9:e21692. [PMID: 37954382 PMCID: PMC10638049 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylia evansii is widely used in traditional medicine to stop bleeding gums and treat wounds. This study was undertaken to assess the wound healing activity and toxicity profile of the stem bark methanol extract of X. evansii (XES). Wound healing activity was determined by the dermal excision model in rats. The free radical scavenging capacity, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), aluminum chloride colorimetric and Folin Ciocalteu methods respectively. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment was performed following the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines. Significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent wound healing effect, similar to that of 1 % silver sulphadiazine was elicit by the 10, 15 and 20 %w/w XES ointments. The highest effect was demonstrated by XES 20 %w/w which resulted in 98.3 % wound surface closure by day 9 of treatment (p < 0.0001). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined to be 381.2 ± 12.57 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 460 ± 29.07 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively. XES exhibited remarkable free radical scavenging effect (IC50 = 68.13 ± 1.87 μg/mL) and had a total antioxidant capacity of 279.2 ± 32.08 mg/g GAE. The LD50 of XES was estimated to be > 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity, 28 days treatment with XES (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight) did not result in any significant (p > 0.05) change in the body weight or weight of the heart, lung, spleen, liver and kidneys. The haematological and biochemical profiles of XES-treated rats were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected after 4-weeks treatment with XES, except for platelet count which increased significantly (p < 0.0001) in a non-dose-dependent manner. Histopathological examination did not reveal any toxic effect to liver cells, however at 1000 mg/kg XES, slight abnormalities were identified in the glomeruli. Microscopy of the powdered stem bark displayed calcium oxalate crystals, pitted vessels and lignified fibres. Tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, triterpenes and alkaloids were identified in the bark. This is the first report on the wound healing potential and safety profile of X. evansii, giving scientific credence to its use in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lord Gyimah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Asante-Kwatia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Silas Adjei
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frederick Akuffo Owusu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Fanny Darko
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ernest Tabiri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Abraham Yeboah Mensah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Suh Nchang A, Njong S, Noukimi SF, Shinyuy LM, Bambara S, Kalimba EM, Kamga J, Souopgui J, Ghogomu SM, Frederich M, Talom JLL, Robert A. A cross-sectional survey on the use of herbal tea among Cameroonian adults (18-65 years). BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:285. [PMID: 37568232 PMCID: PMC10422798 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In respect of the WHO's commendation to incorporate traditional medicine (TM) in health care, the Cameroon government wants to promote the use of the traditional medicine and is resolute on encouraging the treatment of patients with alternative medicine from traditional sources. This study explores the use of herbal tea by Cameroonian adults to prevent or treat diseases and the socio-demographic determinants of tea use among participants. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 307 Cameroonian adults (18-65 years) randomly selected within 4 hospitals and 4 communities in the Centre and Southwest regions of Cameroon between 04/01-20/04/2022, using interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaires. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between variables. RESULTS Over four-fifth (89.3%) of participants had taken herbal teas at least once within the last 2 years prior to the survey, and most participants used the teas for the prevention and treatment of Covid-19 (67.9%), malaria (59.7%) and typhoid fever (35%). Most respondents took the teas warm (75%), and the treatment dosage used by most respondents (51%) was "one glass in the morning and evening for one to two weeks". The teas taken by 70% of users had bad or bitter taste and 52.2% of them were uncomfortable with the bad taste. However, the majority of users completed their treatment dosage (72%), 90.5% of them were willing to use teas for treatment if prescribed in health facilities in future, and 90.1% were in support that herbal teas should be prescribed in hospitals. There was no significant association (p ≥ 0.05) between sociodemographic characteristics of participants and herbal tea use. However, the major motivating factor for acceptability of herbal tea use was treatment effectiveness (52.7%). CONCLUSION There is high prevalence of herbal tea use among adults Cameroonians in the studied settings in the Centre and Southwest regions of Cameroon, with a positive opinion and willingness to use teas if prescribed in health facilities. Authorities must ensure the effectiveness and safety of traditional medicine served in health facilities, to enhance compliance and adequate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abenwie Suh Nchang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (EPID, Institute de Recherche Exprimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Public Health School, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sylvia Njong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (EPID, Institute de Recherche Exprimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Public Health School, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Lahngong Methodius Shinyuy
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research On Medicine (CIRM), University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Bambara
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (EPID, Institute de Recherche Exprimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Public Health School, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joseph Kamga
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Embriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, IBMM-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Michel Frederich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research On Medicine (CIRM), University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Annie Robert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (EPID, Institute de Recherche Exprimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Public Health School, Brussels, Belgium
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Asante-Kwatia E, Gyimah L, Forkuo AD, Anyan WK, Gbemu MA, Armah FA, Mensah AY. Ethnobotanical Survey and Cercaricidal Activity Screening of Medicinal Plants Used for Schistosomiasis Treatment in Atwima-Nwabiagya District, Ashanti Region, Ghana. J Parasitol Res 2023; 2023:6707157. [PMID: 37520159 PMCID: PMC10372336 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6707157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on documenting and evaluating the cercaricidal activity of medicinal plants used for schistosomiasis treatment in an endemic area in Ghana. Through semistructured questionnaires, personal interviews with herbalists in communities surrounding the Barekese dam in the Atwima-Nwabiagya district, where the disease is endemic, were carried out. Thirty medicinal plants distributed in 19 families were reported to be used for schistosomiasis treatment in the survey. Information on the plants, including scientific names, common names, families, and the used plant part were recorded. The families Apocynaceae and Euphorbiaceae recorded the highest number of plants (14% each), followed by Asteraceae (10%), Loranthaceae (7%), and Rubiaceae (7%). In vitro cercaricidal activity of methanol extracts of nine out of the thirty plants was performed by exposing human Schistosoma mansoni cercariae obtained from Biomphalaria pfeifferi to various concentrations of extracts over a duration of 240 minutes. All the plants tested demonstrated time- and concentration-dependent cercaricidal activity. With lethality being set at <1000 μg/mL, the cercaricidal activity in order of decreasing potency was as follows: Withania somnifera (LC50 = 1.29) > Balanites aegyptiaca (LC50 = 7.1) > Xylia evansii (LC50 = 11.14) > Jathropha multifida (LC50 = 12.9) > Justicia flava (LC50 = 22.9) > Anopyxis klaineana (LC50 = 182.81) > Ximenia americana (LC50 = 194.98) > Loranthus lecardii (LC50 = 223.87) > Bridelia tenufolia (LC50 = 309.03) > Zanthoxylium zanthoxyloides (LC50 = 851.94). Phytochemicals, including alkaloids, tannins, triterpenes, saponins, phytosterols, and flavonoids were identified in the plants. The result of this study gives scientific credence to the traditional use of these plants in the treatment of schistosomiasis and proves that the rich botanical knowledge of medicinal plants provides an incredible starting point for the discovery of new anti-schistosomal drugs for the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Asante-Kwatia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lord Gyimah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Arnold Donkor Forkuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - William Kofi Anyan
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Makafui Adzo Gbemu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Francis Ackah Armah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Abraham Yeboah Mensah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Fathifar Z, Kalankesh LR, Ostadrahimi A, Ferdousi R. New approaches in developing medicinal herbs databases. Database (Oxford) 2023; 2023:6980759. [PMID: 36625159 PMCID: PMC9830469 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal herbs databases have become a crucial part of organizing new scientific literature generated in medicinal herbs field, as well as new drug discoveries in the information era. The aim of this review was to track the current status of medicinal herbs databases. Search for finding medicinal herbs databases was carried out via Google and PubMed. PubMed was searched for papers introducing medicinal herbs databases by the recruited search strategy. Papers with an active database on the web were included in the review. Google was also searched for medicinal herbs databases. Both retrieved papers and databases were reviewed by the authors. In this review, the current status of 25 medicinal herbs databases was reviewed, and the important characteristics of databases were mentioned. The reviewed databases had a great variety in terms of characteristics and functions. Finally, some recommendations for the efficient development of medicinal herbs databases were suggested. Although contemporary medicinal herbs databases represent much useful information, adding some features to these databases could assist them to have better functionality. This work may not cover all the necessary information, but we hope that our review can provide readers with fundamental concepts, perspectives and suggestions for constructing more useful databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fathifar
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St., Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Leila R Kalankesh
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah St., Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz /Ave. Golghast Atakar Neyshabouri, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran
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Vigbedor BY, Osei Akoto C, Neglo D. Isolation and Identification of Flavanone Derivative Eriodictyol from the Methanol Extract of Afzelia africana Bark and Its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9345047. [PMID: 37200890 PMCID: PMC10188263 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9345047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Afzelia africana is a plant species with well-documented ethnobotanical and medicinal properties. The plant is reported to have various secondary metabolites and had been applied for the treatment of various diseased conditions. Objectives The study objectives include fractionation, isolation, purification, and characterization of eriodictyol from the bark of A. africana, and the determination of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Methodology. The series of methodologies that were employed include fractionations and purification (column chromatography), characterization (HPLC, LC-MS, IR, 1H, 13C, DEPT-135, HSQC, and HMBC), antimicrobial assays (microbroth dilution and checkerboard assay), and antioxidant activities assays (ABTS and DPPH scavenging capacity). Results The study reports the identification and characterization of eriodictyol from the bark of A. africana which exhibited potent antioxidant activities against ABTS and DPPH radicals with scavenging capacities (SC50) of 2.14 ± 0.05 and 2.51 ± 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. The compound exhibited its antimicrobial activity by reporting good bacteriostatic activities (MBC/MIC > 4) against Staphylococcus aureus (SA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans (CA2). Moreover, a broad spectrum of bactericidal effects (MBC/MIC ≤ 4) was reported against Streptococcus mutans (SM), Escherichia coli (EC), Bacillus subtilis (BS), Klebsiella pneumonia (KP), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Salmonella typhi (ST), and standard Candida albicans (CA1). The compound further exhibited synergistic effects against EC, KP, ST, and MRSA; ST; and CA2 when combined with ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and nystatin, respectively. However, antagonistic effects were observed against PA and CA1 when combined with ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole, respectively. Conclusion The study reports for the first time the identification of eriodictyol from the bark of A. africana which exhibited significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Yaw Vigbedor
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Clement Osei Akoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Computational Sciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - David Neglo
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Ampomah IG, Malau-Aduli BS, Seidu AA, Malau-Aduli AEO, Emeto TI. Integrating traditional medicine into the Ghanaian health system: perceptions and experiences of traditional medicine practitioners in the Ashanti region. Int Health 2022:6692348. [PMID: 36063112 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional medicine (TM) plays a vital role in the Ghanaian health system by serving as an alternative healthcare delivery system for the majority of people. However, the quality of practice and level of TM practitioners' involvement in the integration of TM into the health system have not been fully investigated. METHODS This study employed a phenomenological qualitative study design to explore the perceptions, experiences and recommendations of TM practitioners in the Ashanti region regarding TM integration. Data were collected through individual interviews with 17 participants. RESULTS Participants had knowledge about TM integration. They cited effective alternative healthcare delivery and improved patient outcomes as the key benefits of TM integration. However, they reported a shortage of approved TM products, poor visibility of TM integration and poor relational coordination of care as factors hampering the integration. Participants recommended improved interprofessional relationships, provision of financial support and improved publicity of TM as possible strategies to enhance TM integration in Ghana. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study clearly demonstrate that the Ghanaian health system is currently operating a consumer-led, tolerant health system with a parallel (between orthodox and TM practitioners) healthcare delivery model. Successful implementation of an effective TM integration would require improved integrative collaborative coordination of care between orthodox and TM practitioners in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene G Ampomah
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.,Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Post Office Box UC 182, Ghana
| | - Bunmi S Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.,Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Post Office Box UC 182, Ghana
| | - Aduli E O Malau-Aduli
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Theophilus I Emeto
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vector-Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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11
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Isolation and characterization of 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid from the root bark of Afzelia africana and its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Orman E, Bekoe SO, Jato J, Spiegler V, Asare-Nkansah S, Agyare C, Hensel A, Bekoe EO. Quality assessment of African herbal medicine: A systematic review and the way forward. Fitoterapia 2022; 162:105287. [PMID: 36031027 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Africa, herbalism supplements allopathic medicine's efforts to ensure Universal Health Coverage attainment. This review was conducted to identify and to summarise current literature on methodological approaches used for quality control of herbal medicines in Africa, to evaluate the gaps associated with existing strategies within context of best practices, and make recommendations for future improvements. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles were screened and assessed for eligibility. RESULTS 118 articles were included into the study. There was a high preference for impurity profiling tests (77%) indicating the prioritization for tests that guarantee safety despite the limited analytical resources available. Other classes of tests reported included identification tests (29%), physicochemical tests (18%), and content assays (12%). Although standard methods exist in preparing samples for impurity tests, different techniques were observed in different studies, and this could lead to differences in analytical outcomes. Content assays focused on single marker assessments, which may be inadequate to comprehensively assess the quality of products. CONCLUSION This review provides knowledge of existing strengths and challenges for herbal medicine quality assessments in Africa. For future it is recommended to implement more studies on contaminants (e.g. mycotoxins) and pharmaceutical adulterants. The use of chemometrics to develop analytical methods should be promoted. Also, stakeholders in the medicine quality industry in Africa need to effectively collaborate to establish a well co-ordinated and harmonized system to provide a sustainable framework for the GACP and GMP guided production and quality assurance of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Orman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Oppong Bekoe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Jato
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Verena Spiegler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Samuel Asare-Nkansah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Emelia Oppong Bekoe
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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13
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Ampomah IG, Malau-Aduli BS, Seidu AA, Malau-Aduli AEO, Emeto TI. The practice of integrated healthcare and the experiences of people in Ghana's Ashanti region. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:32. [PMID: 34986828 PMCID: PMC8734307 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Ghanaian government has implemented interventions that integrate traditional medicine (TM) into its national health system in response to the high prevalence of TM use. However, empirical evidence of the experiences of service users and the practice of integrated health in Ghana is scanty. Therefore, this study explored the experiences of people with TM integration into the formal health system in Ashanti region using an adapted TM integration framework. Methods A sequential explanatory mixed methods study design comprising survey administration and in-depth interviews for data collection was utilised to address the research objective. Framework analysis was used in analysing the qualitative data and for triangulation of results. Results Participants were aware of licensing and training of TM practitioners in a science-based university in Ghana. However, knowledge of the existence of TM units in selected hospitals in the region was minimal. Integration knowledge was largely influenced by sex, marital status, household size and residential status, where males and urban dwellers were more familiar with the process than females and rural dwellers. Low patronage of integrated health services in the region was attributable to weak cross referrals. However, service users who had engaged with the integrated system recounted a satisfactory outcome. Conclusion Service users’ unfamiliarity with the presence of integrated facilities in Ghana could be an impediment to the practice of integrated healthcare. Sensitisation of the public about the practice of an integrated system could refine the Ghanaian integrated system. Regular evaluation of patient satisfaction and outcome measures might also serve as an effective strategy for improving health services delivery since evaluation is becoming an important component of health service design and implementation. There is the need for future studies to focus on exploring the perceptions and experiences of health practitioners and hospital administrators regarding the practice of integrated health in Ghana. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-07340-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene G Ampomah
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Post Office Box UC 182, Ghana
| | - Bunmi S Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Post Office Box UC 182, Ghana
| | - Aduli E O Malau-Aduli
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Theophilus I Emeto
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. .,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vector-Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
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14
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Amoah PA, Nyamekye KA, Owusu-Addo E. A multidimensional study of public satisfaction with the healthcare system: a mixed-method inquiry in Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1320. [PMID: 34886857 PMCID: PMC8656047 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many governments in sub-Saharan Africa have recently sought to improve their health systems by increasing investment in healthcare facilities and introducing social insurance programmes. However, little is known about the impact of these intended improvements on public perceptions about the healthcare systems. This article examines whether and why people of different socioeconomic and ideological backgrounds are satisfied (or not) with the current healthcare system in Ghana from a social ecological perspective. METHOD Data were elicited from a cross-sectional mixed-method study conducted in four regions in Ghana in 2018. We used ordinal logistic regression and thematic analysis techniques to analyse the data. RESULTS Satisfaction with the healthcare system was generally low. From our quantitative study, intrapersonal factors (e.g., being older and having good health and well-being status); interpersonal factors (e.g., linking social capital); community factors (e.g., living in rural areas); and organisational and public policy factors (e.g., trust in the health system, favouring welfare policies, and being interested in politics) were positively associated with satisfaction with the healthcare system. These were corroborated by the qualitative study, which showed that poor attitudes of health personnel, financial constraints, perceived poor health facilities, and perceived inefficacy of services contribute to dissatisfaction with the healthcare system. CONCLUSION Strategies to improve satisfaction with the healthcare system in Ghana should incorporate ecological perspectives by considering factors such as demographic profile, health needs, political orientation, issues of trust in the healthcare system, and the dynamics and impact of social relationships of populations concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmore Adusei Amoah
- School of Graduate Studies, Institute of Policy Studies, Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Rd., Tuen Mun, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
| | - Kingsley Atta Nyamekye
- Department of Planning and Sustainability- School of Geo-Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Owusu-Addo
- Bureau of Integrated Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology (KNUST), Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, Kumasi, Ghana
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15
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Ampomah IG, Malau-Aduli BS, Seidu AA, Malau-Aduli AEO, Emeto TI. Perceptions and Experiences of Orthodox Health Practitioners and Hospital Administrators towards Integrating Traditional Medicine into the Ghanaian Health System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11200. [PMID: 34769719 PMCID: PMC8582872 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The government of Ghana has been piloting traditional medicine (TM) integration in 17 health facilities across the country. However, the nature of current practice of integrated healthcare has not been thoroughly explored. This paper sought to explore the experiences and recommendations of orthodox health practitioners and hospital administrators in the Ashanti region regarding the practice of integrated healthcare in Ghana. The study adopted a qualitative, phenomenological approach involving 22 interviews. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting study participants. Framework analysis was used to draw on the experiences of participants relating to TM integration. Participants were knowledgeable about the existence of integrated health facilities and stated that TM integration has created options in health services. However, participants deemed the integrated system ineffective and attributed the inefficiency to poor processing and certification of TM products, opposition of medical doctors to TM usage, absence of a protocol to guide the integration process, and inadequate publicity. Professional training of TM practitioners and inclusion of TM in medical school curriculum could improve collaboration between the health practitioners. Future research should focus on assessing the opinions and involvements of TM practitioners regarding the integration of traditional therapies into national health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene G. Ampomah
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia; (I.G.A.); (A.-A.S.); (A.E.O.M.-A.)
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast P.O. Box UC 182, Ghana
| | - Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia;
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia; (I.G.A.); (A.-A.S.); (A.E.O.M.-A.)
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast P.O. Box UC 182, Ghana
| | - Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia; (I.G.A.); (A.-A.S.); (A.E.O.M.-A.)
| | - Theophilus I. Emeto
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia; (I.G.A.); (A.-A.S.); (A.E.O.M.-A.)
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vector-Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
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16
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Kwame A. Integrating Traditional Medicine and Healing into the Ghanaian Mainstream Health System: Voices From Within. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:1847-1860. [PMID: 33980093 PMCID: PMC8446885 DOI: 10.1177/10497323211008849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, I employed interpretive ethnographic qualitative design to explore perceptions of and proposals from traditional healers, biomedical practitioners, and health care consumers regarding integrating traditional medicine and healing in Ghana. Data were gathered through focus groups, in-depth individual interviews, and qualitative questionnaires and analyzed thematically. The results revealed positive attitudes toward integrating traditional medicine in Ghana and a discursive discourse of power relations. The power imbalance between biomedical and traditional practitioners regarding what integrative models to adopt is sanctioned by formal education and institutional structure. As a result, multiple approaches for integration were made, including patient co-referrals, collaborations between biomedical and traditional medical practitioners, and creating a unit for traditional medicine and healers at the outpatients' department for patients to choose either biomedicine or traditional medicine. Incorporating aspects of traditional healing in the training of biomedical practitioners and creating a space for knowledge sharing were also proposed. These integrative models reflected the distinctive interests of healers and biomedical practitioners. Considering these findings, I recommended policy options for consideration toward achieving an integrative health care system in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abukari Kwame
- Centre for Sami Studies, The
Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, Canada
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17
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Yimer G, Ekuadzi E, Fasinu P, de Melo AC, Pillai GC. Traditional medicines for COVID-19: Perspectives from clinical pharmacologists. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:3455-3458. [PMID: 34272755 PMCID: PMC8444858 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been high interest in the use of traditional medicines for COVID‐19 from early in the course of the pandemic. Significant advances in the science of ethnopharmacology have helped to introduce chemical entities identified from natural sources into modern medicine. However, the wider integration of natural products into the modern drug discovery process will require enhanced collaboration amongst the pharmaceutical industry, academic research units, regulatory bodies, ethics review committees and local, regional, continental and international organizations. Revisiting this topic holds promise of benefit for both the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Yimer
- Global One Health initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Edmund Ekuadzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pius Fasinu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andreia Cristina de Melo
- Division of Clinical Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Goonaseelan Colin Pillai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,CP+ Associates GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Puspitasari HP, Fatmaningrum D, Zahro S, Salsabila S, Rizqulloh ZA, Yuda A, Mufarrihah, Sukorini AI, Purwitasari N. Challenges in the provision of natural medicines by community pharmacists in East Java Province, Indonesia. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:875-880. [PMID: 34214319 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Community pharmacist has been widely known as a health professional who can be easily accessed to provide medicines and reliable medicine information. However, this was not always in the case of dispensing natural medicines. Several international studies revealed that community pharmacists were less likely to deliver natural medicines accompanied with detailed information. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors influencing Indonesian community pharmacists in the supply of, delivery of, and provision of information about natural medicines. METHODS A qualitative study with purposively selected community pharmacists in four areas (district or municipality) in East Java Province was designed. In-depth, semi-structured interviewed were conducted using a Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour approach. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed ad verbatim, and thematically analysed. RESULTS Data saturation was reached after interviewing 14 community pharmacists. All informants reported dispensing non-prescribed natural medicines. Nine had experienced dispensing prescribed natural medicines, mainly fulfilling paediatricians' requests. The most common information given was about product usage, while information about safety (i.e. side effects, interaction) was rarely provided. Although numerous registered natural medicines have been available, informants had low motivation to supply a variety of types, primarily because little opportunity to receive requests from doctors and the community. Limited capability due to a lack reliable source of information about natural medicines was another reason. CONCLUSIONS Poor motivation to supply natural medicines was because community pharmacists had little opportunity for such requests and limited capability due to scarcity of information. This indicated support from natural medicine manufacturers, researchers, and the government is highly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanni P Puspitasari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dhita Fatmaningrum
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sa'adatus Zahro
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Shofi Salsabila
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Zulfia A Rizqulloh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ana Yuda
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mufarrihah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Anila I Sukorini
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Neny Purwitasari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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A qualitative exploration of the norms and intentions of nurses toward the clinical use of herbal medicine in Ghana. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 44:101388. [PMID: 33901858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to determine the norms and intentions of nurses towards the clinical use of herbal medicine. METHOD Information on nurses' demographics, norms and intentions was gathered through individual face-to-face interviews. Interviews were analysed using the process of content analysis. RESULTS Beliefs of the nurses and motivational factors formed their norms. The nurses believed herbal medicine was God-given and was used by their ancestors with good outcomes. Some were self-motivated to serve herbal medicine while others counted on patient's recovery upon the use of herbal medicine to motivate them. Positive and negative intentions were discovered; thus, preparedness and unpreparedness to serve herbal medicine in the future. CONCLUSIONS Though some nurses believe herbal medicine is God-given, used by their ancestors and motivated to serve, others were unwilling because of inadequate training. Training of professional nurses on herbal medicine may improve their negative intentions.
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20
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Kretchy IA, Koduah A, Opuni KFM, Agyabeng K, Ohene‐Agyei T, Boafo EA, Ntow PO. Prevalence, patterns and beliefs about the use of herbal medicinal products in Ghana: a multi‐centre community‐based cross‐sectional study. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:410-420. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene A. Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmacy University of Ghana Legon Ghana
| | - Augustina Koduah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmacy University of Ghana Legon Ghana
| | - Kwabena F. M. Opuni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmacy University of Ghana Legon Ghana
| | | | - Thelma Ohene‐Agyei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmacy University of Ghana Legon Ghana
| | - Eugene A. Boafo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmacy University of Ghana Legon Ghana
| | - Prisca O. Ntow
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmacy University of Ghana Legon Ghana
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21
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Antischistosomal, antionchocercal and antitrypanosomal potentials of some Ghanaian traditional medicines and their constituents. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008919. [PMID: 33382717 PMCID: PMC7810346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghana is endemic for some neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) including schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. The major intervention for these diseases is mass drug administration of a few repeatedly recycled drugs which is a cause for major concern due to reduced efficacy of the drugs and the emergence of drug resistance. Evidently, new treatments are needed urgently. Medicinal plants, on the other hand, have a reputable history as important sources of potent therapeutic agents in the treatment of various diseases among African populations, Ghana inclusively, and provide very useful starting points for the discovery of much-needed new or alternative drugs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, extracts of fifteen traditional medicines used for treating various NTDs in local communities were screened in vitro for efficacy against schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis and African trypanosomiasis. Two extracts, NTD-B4-DCM and NTD-B7-DCM, prepared from traditional medicines used to treat schistosomiasis, displayed the highest activity (IC50 = 30.5 μg/mL and 30.8 μg/mL, respectively) against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. NTD-B2-DCM, also obtained from an antischistosomal remedy, was the most active against female and male adult Onchocera ochengi worms (IC50 = 76.2 μg/mL and 76.7 μg/mL, respectively). Antitrypanosomal assay of the extracts against Trypanosoma brucei brucei gave the most promising results (IC50 = 5.63 μg/mL to 18.71 μg/mL). Incidentally, NTD-B4-DCM and NTD-B2-DCM, also exhibited the greatest antitrypanosomal activities (IC50 = 5.63 μg/mL and 7.12 μg/mL, respectively). Following the favourable outcome of the antitrypanosomal screening, this assay was selected for bioactivity-guided fractionation. NTD-B4-DCM, the most active extract, was fractionated and subsequent isolation of bioactive constituents led to an eupatoriochromene-rich oil (42.6%) which was 1.3-fold (IC50 <0.0977 μg/mL) more active than the standard antitrypanosomal drug, diminazene aceturate (IC50 = 0.13 μg/mL). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE These findings justify the use of traditional medicines and demonstrate their prospects towards NTDs drug discovery.
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22
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Tangkiatkumjai M, Boardman H, Walker DM. Potential factors that influence usage of complementary and alternative medicine worldwide: a systematic review. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:363. [PMID: 33228697 PMCID: PMC7686746 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine similarities and differences in the reasons for using or not using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) amongst general and condition-specific populations, and amongst populations in each region of the globe. METHODS A literature search was performed on Pubmed, ScienceDirect and EMBASE. KEYWORDS 'herbal medicine' OR 'herbal and dietary supplement' OR 'complementary and alternative medicine' AND 'reason' OR 'attitude'. Quantitative or qualitative original articles in English, published between 2003 and 2018 were reviewed. Conference proceedings, pilot studies, protocols, letters, and reviews were excluded. Papers were appraised using valid tools and a 'risk of bias' assessment was also performed. Thematic analysis was conducted. Reasons were coded in each paper, then codes were grouped into categories. If several categories reported similar reasons, these were combined into a theme. Themes were then analysed using χ2 tests to identify the main factors related to reasons for CAM usage. RESULTS 231 publications were included. Reasons for CAM use amongst general and condition-specific populations were similar. The top three reasons for CAM use were: (1) having an expectation of benefits of CAM (84% of publications), (2) dissatisfaction with conventional medicine (37%) and (3) the perceived safety of CAM (37%). Internal health locus of control as an influencing factor was more likely to be reported in Western populations, whereas the social networks was a common factor amongst Asian populations (p < 0.05). Affordability, easy access to CAM and tradition were significant factors amongst African populations (p < 0.05). Negative attitudes towards CAM and satisfaction with conventional medicine (CM) were the main reasons for non-use (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dissatisfaction with CM and positive attitudes toward CAM, motivate people to use CAM. In contrast, satisfaction with CM and negative attitudes towards CAM are the main reasons for non-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuree Tangkiatkumjai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120 Thailand
| | - Helen Boardman
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dawn-Marie Walker
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Mailu JK, Nguta JM, Mbaria JM, Okumu MO. Medicinal plants used in managing diseases of the respiratory system among the Luo community: an appraisal of Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya. Chin Med 2020; 15:95. [PMID: 32905471 PMCID: PMC7469313 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor access to healthcare in rural communities causes many people to seek herbalists who use medicinal plants for the treatment of various disease conditions. Most knowledge of traditional herbal medicine makes use of indigenous remedies which are often undocumented and are at risk of being lost. The preservation of this knowledge may facilitate scientific inquiry into promising new therapeutic molecules. METHODS Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the sociodemographic information of 30 herbalists in Kisumu East Sub County. The local names of medicinal plants used in managing illnesses of the respiratory system, their habit, active parts, indications, methods of preparation, routes of administration, scientific identity, and conservation status were also recorded. Other reported traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and toxicological data were identified via a literature search. RESULTS Most herbalists were female (86.7%), aged between 61 and 70 years (43.3%) with no formal education (56.7%), and had 21-30 years of practice (30%). 44 plant species, belonging to 43 genera and 28 families were identified. Leguminosae and Rutaceae plant families were predominant, leaves were frequently used (33%), and trees were the most common habit (44.4%). Most plants were collected in the wild (79.2%), preparation was mainly by decoction (68.8%), and the administration was mainly orally. The main indication was cough and 79.5% of all documented plant species had previously been reported to have a pharmacological activity relevant to the mitigation of respiratory illnesses. Toxicological data was available for 84.1% of the plant species identified. CONCLUSIONS The predominant use of roots, root barks, and root tubers by herbalists in Kisumu East Sub County threatens to negatively impact the ecological survival of some plant species. The preservation of herbalists' knowledge of medicinal plants in the study area is a pressing concern considering their advanced age and little formal education. There is a need to conserve some of the medicinal plants documented in this study. The medicinal claims made by herbalists also warrant scientific scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kiamba Mailu
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacy, Kenya Medical Training College, Kisumu Campus Kenya, P.O Box 1594, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joseph Mwanzia Nguta
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Mucunu Mbaria
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mitchel Otieno Okumu
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital, P.O Box 849-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
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Abstract
Malaria is a serious infection affecting millions of people in Africa. Our study investigated the personal preferences and applications of antimalarial medicines in Ghana. Based on over 1000 questionnaires distributed in Ghana from January to May 2019, we noticed that although Western medications to fight this disease are widely available, most patients in Ghana prefer treatment with locally produced herbal remedies. This preference appears to be due to a combination of traditional venues for obtaining medicines “on the street” rather than in licensed pharmacies, trust in local and “green” products, extensive advertisement of such local products, and an inherent distrust of imported and synthetic or orthodox medicines. Going local and natural is a trend also observed in other countries across the globe and adds to the acceptance or rejection of drugs regardless of their activity or toxicity. In fact, adverse side effects associated with herbal remedies, such as general weakness, swelling and sore mouth, do not seem to deter the respondents of this study in Ghana. We propose a combination of (a) increasing public awareness of the benefits of modern medicine and (b) an improvement and control of the quality of herbal remedies to raise the standard for the treatment of malaria in countries such as Ghana.
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Abstract
Malaria is a serious infection affecting millions of people in Africa. Our study investigated the personal preferences and applications of antimalarial medicines in Ghana. Based on over 1000 questionnaires distributed in Ghana from January to May 2019, we noticed that although Western medications to fight this disease are widely available, most patients in Ghana prefer treatment with locally produced herbal remedies. This preference appears to be due to a combination of traditional venues for obtaining medicines “on the street” rather than in licensed pharmacies, trust in local and “green” products, extensive advertisement of such local products, and an inherent distrust of imported and synthetic or unnatural medicines. Going local and natural is a trend also observed in other countries across the globe, and adds to the acceptance or rejection of drugs regardless of their activity or toxicity. In fact, adverse side effects associated with herbal remedies, such as general weakness and swollen, sore mouth, do not seem to deter the respondents of this study in Ghana. We propose a combination of (a) increasing public awareness of the benefits of modern medicine and (b) an improvement and control of the quality of herbal remedies to raise the standard of malaria treatment in countries such as Ghana.
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Ampomah IG, Malau-Aduli BS, Malau-Aduli AE, Emeto TI. Effectiveness of Integrated Health Systems in Africa: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E271. [PMID: 32486110 PMCID: PMC7353894 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Traditional medicine (TM) was integrated into health systems in Africa due to its importance within the health delivery setup in fostering increased health care accessibility through safe practices. However, the quality of integrated health systems in Africa has not been assessed since its implementation. The objective of this paper was to extensively and systematically review the effectiveness of integrated health systems in Africa. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted from October, 2019 to March, 2020 using Ovid Medline, Scopus, Emcare, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), and Google Scholar, in order to retrieve original articles evaluating the integration of TM into health systems in Africa. A quality assessment of relevant articles was also carried out using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATDSS) critical appraisal tool. Results: The results indicated that the formulation and execution of health policies were the main measures taken to integrate TM into health systems in Africa. The review also highlighted relatively low levels of awareness, usage, satisfaction, and acceptance of integrated health systems among the populace. Knowledge about the existence of an integrated system varied among study participants, while satisfaction and acceptance were low among orthodox medicine practitioners. Health service users' satisfaction and acceptance of the practice of an integrated health system were high in the countries assessed. Conclusion: The review concluded that existing health policies in Africa are not working, so the integration of TM has not been successful. It is critical to uncover the barriers in the health system by exploring the perceptions and experiences of stakeholders, in order to develop solutions for better integration of the two health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene G. Ampomah
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia; (I.G.A.); (A.E.O.M.-A.)
| | - Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Aduli E.O. Malau-Aduli
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia; (I.G.A.); (A.E.O.M.-A.)
| | - Theophilus I. Emeto
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia; (I.G.A.); (A.E.O.M.-A.)
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Abstract
Malaria is a serious infection affecting millions of people in Africa. Our study investigated the personal preferences and applications of antimalarial medicines in Ghana. Based on over 1000 questionnaires distributed in Ghana from January to May 2019, we noticed that although Western medications to fight this disease are widely available, most patients in Ghana prefer treatment with locally produced herbal remedies. This preference appears to be due to a combination of traditional venues for obtaining medicines “on the street” rather than in licensed pharmacies, trust in local and “green” products, extensive advertisement of such local products, and an inherent distrust of imported and synthetic or unnatural medicines. Going local and natural is a trend also observed in other countries across the globe, and adds to the acceptance or rejection of drugs regardless of their activity or toxicity. In fact, adverse side effects associated with herbal remedies, such as general weakness and swollen, sore mouth, do not seem to deter the respondents of this study in Ghana. We propose a combination of (a) increasing public awareness of the benefits of modern medicine and (b) an improvement and control of the quality of herbal remedies to raise the standard of malaria treatment in countries such as Ghana.
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Sumankuuro J, Soyen C, Crockett J, Ibrahim M, Ngmenkpieo F, Wulifan JK. Women’s Motivation and Associated Factors for Herbal Medicine Use during Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Systematic Review. Health (London) 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2020.126044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Adjei CA, Stutterheim SE, Naab F, Ruiter RAC. Barriers to chronic Hepatitis B treatment and care in Ghana: A qualitative study with people with Hepatitis B and healthcare providers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225830. [PMID: 31794577 PMCID: PMC6890212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection remains an important public health concern particularly in Africa. Between 1990 and 2013, Hepatitis B mortality increased by 63%. In recent times, effective antiviral agents against HBV such as Nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) are available. These drugs are capable of suppressing HBV replication, preventing progression of chronic Hepatitis B to cirrhosis, and reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death. Notwithstanding, these treatments are underused despite their effectiveness in managing Hepatitis B. This study sought to explore barriers to treatment and care for people with Hepatitis B (PWHB) in Ghana, paying particular attention to beliefs about aetiology that can act as a barrier to care for PWHB. METHODS We used an exploratory qualitative design with a purposive sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews were conducted for 18 persons with Hepatitis B (PWHB) and 15 healthcare providers (HCP; physicians, nurses, and midwives). In addition, four focus group discussions (FGD) with a composition of eight HCPs in each group were done. Participants were recruited from one tertiary and one regional hospital in Ghana. Data were processed using QSR Nvivo version 10.0 and analysed using the procedure of inductive thematic analysis. Participants were recruited from one tertiary and one regional hospital in Ghana. RESULTS Three main cultural beliefs regarding the aetiology of chronic Hepatitis B that act as barriers to care and treatment were identified. These were: (1) the belief that chronic Hepatitis B is a punishment from the gods to those who touch dead bodies without permission from their landlords, (2) the belief that bewitchment contributes to chronic Hepatitis B, and (3) the belief that chronic Hepatitis B is caused by spiritual poison. Furthermore, individual level barriers were identified. These were the absence of chronic Hepatitis B signs and symptoms, perceived efficacy of traditional herbal medicine, and PWHB's perception that formal care does not meet their expectations. Health system-related barriers included high cost of hospital-based care and inadequate Hepatitis B education for patients from HCPs. CONCLUSION Given that high cost of hospital based care was considered an important barrier to engagement in care for PWHB, we recommend including the required Hepatitis B laboratory investigations such as viral load, and the recommended treatment in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Also, we recommend increasing health care providers and PWHB Hepatitis B knowledge and capacity in a culturally sensitive fashion, discuss with patients (1) myths about aetiology and the lack of efficacy of traditional herbal medicines, and (2) patients' expectations of care and the need to monitor even in the absence of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ampong Adjei
- Department of Work and Social Psychology Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah E. Stutterheim
- Department of Work and Social Psychology Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Florence Naab
- School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert A. C. Ruiter
- Department of Work and Social Psychology Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Hijazi MA, Shatila H, El-Lakany A, Aboul Ela M, Kharroubi S, Alameddine M, Naja F. Beliefs, practices and knowledge of community pharmacists regarding complementary and alternative medicine: national cross-sectional study in Lebanon. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025074. [PMID: 30852542 PMCID: PMC6429928 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to provide patients with evidence-based information in order to ensure effective and safe use of Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) products. OBJECTIVE Assess beliefs, practices and knowledge related to CAM products among community pharmacists in Lebanon. DESIGN, METHODS AND SETTING Using stratified random sampling, a nationally representative survey was conducted among community pharmacists in Lebanon. Through face-to-face interviews, pharmacists completed a multicomponent questionnaire consisting of four sections: (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) beliefs related to regulation of CAM products, role of media in promoting their safe use, availability of resources and continuing education; (3) practices including selling CAM products, providing advice for patients and reporting adverse effects and (4) knowledge about specific CAM products, their uses, side effects and interactions. RESULTS A total of 341 pharmacists agreed to participate (response rate: 86%). Only pharmacists with complete data were included in this study (n=310). Pharmacists agreed that CAM products are effective (63.8%) and that they should be exclusively sold in pharmacies (80.3%), but disagreed that commercially marketed CAM products are well regulated (63.5%) and that media plays a positive role in educating users about these products (55.8%). As for practices, 64.5% of pharmacists were always or often advising patients on safe use; however, 74.2% of participants rarely or never reported adverse effects. Regarding knowledge, although the majority of pharmacists were aware of the uses of CAM products, fewer knew about their side effects and their interactions with drugs. After adjustment for covariates, receiving education/training on CAM products during university was the sole predictor of higher knowledge score (ß=0.68, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.07). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed positive beliefs of pharmacists in Lebanon towards CAM products and indicated important gaps in their practice and knowledge. Deliberate efforts to enhance the education of pharmacists are warranted to ensure the safe integration and use of CAM products in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Ali Hijazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hibeh Shatila
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdalla El-Lakany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maha Aboul Ela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samer Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Alameddine
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Strategy & Institutional Excellence, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences College of Medicine, Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abbo C, Odokonyero R, Ovuga E. A narrative analysis of the link between modern medicine and traditional medicine in Africa: a case of mental health in Uganda. Brain Res Bull 2018; 145:109-116. [PMID: 30075200 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Medicine Practices (TMP) which are premised on indigenous knowledge and experiences within a local context of the culture and environment, are common place in low income countries. In Africa and in Uganda specifically, nearly 80% of the Ugandan population relies on TMP for the care of their mental health but they also use Modern Medicine. There are areas of departure between Traditional and Modern Medical practices in Africa that have been cited. What has attracted less research attention, are the areas of convergence. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to critically examine the link between Modern Medicine and Traditional Healing Practices in Africa, citing Uganda as case example. METHOD A Narrative literature review with critical element assessment was undertaken to identify documented points of departure, areas of common practice, and ways in which the two models can co-exist and work together through a carefully thought out integration. RESULTS Points of departure between Modern Medicine and Traditional Medicine Practices are philosophical underpinnings of both practices, training of practitioners, and methods and ethics of work. Common areas of practice include human rights perspective, descriptions of mental illnesses, clinical diagnostic practice, particularly severer forms, intellectual property rights, and cross prescriptions. Exhibiting cultural humility and responsibility on the side of the Modern Medicine Practitioners is one of the ways to work together with TMPs. CONCLUSION Points of departure are more documented and explicit and overshadow areas of common practice while the links between the two are mainly implicit but sadly unrecognized. Mental disorders are disorders of the brain and in neuroscience; the brain is culturally and socially constructed. Sociocultural issues therefore cannot be divorced from disorders of the brain and their management. For better patient outcome and patient-centered approach of care, it is necessary to acknowledge and enhance the links in teaching, clinical and policy level and carry out research on how the links could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Abbo
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | - Emilio Ovuga
- St Raphael's Counseling Centre, P.O. Box 1867, Kampala, Uganda
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