1
|
Ziehr DR, Li F, Parnell KM, Krah NM, Leahy KJ, Guillermier C, Varon J, Baron RM, Maron BA, Philp NJ, Hariri LP, Kim EY, Steinhauser ML, Knipe RS, Rutter J, Oldham WM. Lactate transport inhibition therapeutically reprograms fibroblast metabolism in experimental pulmonary fibrosis. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.25.591150. [PMID: 38712233 PMCID: PMC11071479 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.591150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Myofibroblast differentiation, essential for driving extracellular matrix synthesis in pulmonary fibrosis, requires increased glycolysis. While glycolytic cells must export lactate, the contributions of lactate transporters to myofibroblast differentiation are unknown. In this study, we investigated how MCT1 and MCT4, key lactate transporters, influence myofibroblast differentiation and experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Our findings reveal that inhibiting MCT1 or MCT4 reduces TGFβ-stimulated pulmonary myofibroblast differentiation in vitro and decreases bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Through comprehensive metabolic analyses, including bioenergetics, stable isotope tracing, metabolomics, and imaging mass spectrometry in both cells and mice, we demonstrate that inhibiting lactate transport enhances oxidative phosphorylation, reduces reactive oxygen species production, and diminishes glucose metabolite incorporation into fibrotic lung regions. Furthermore, we introduce VB253, a novel MCT4 inhibitor, which ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis in both young and aged mice, with comparable efficacy to established antifibrotic therapies. These results underscore the necessity of lactate transport for myofibroblast differentiation, identify MCT1 and MCT4 as promising pharmacologic targets in pulmonary fibrosis, and support further evaluation of lactate transport inhibitors for patients for whom limited therapeutic options currently exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Ziehr
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Nathan M. Krah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kevin J. Leahy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christelle Guillermier
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jack Varon
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca M. Baron
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bradley A. Maron
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nancy J. Philp
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lida P. Hariri
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Edy Y. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew L. Steinhauser
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, UPMC Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rachel S. Knipe
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - William M. Oldham
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Yang M, Li S, Chi H, Wang J, Xiao C. [A transcriptomic analysis of correlation between mitochondrial function and energy metabolism remodeling in mice with myocardial fibrosis following myocardial infarction]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2024; 44:666-674. [PMID: 38708499 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.04.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes of mitochondrial respiratory function during myocardial fibrosis in mice with myocardial infarction (MI) and its correlation with the increase of glycolytic flux. METHODS Forty C57BL/6N mice were randomized into two equal groups to receive sham operation or ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce acute MI. At 28 days after the operation, 5 mice from each group were euthanized and left ventricular tissue samples were collected for transcriptomic sequencing. FPKM method was used to calculate gene expression levels to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MI mice, which were analyzed using GO and KEGG databases to determine the pathways affecting the disease process. Heat maps were drawn to show the differential expressions of the pathways and the related genes in the enrichment analysis. In primary cultures of neonatal mouse cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), the changes in mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis levels in response to treatment with the pro-fibrotic agonist TGF-β1 were analyzed using Seahorse experiment. RESULTS The mouse models of MI showed significantly increased diastolic and systolic left ventricular diameter (P < 0.05) and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (P < 0.0001). A total of 124 up-regulated and 106 down-regulated DEGs were identified in the myocardial tissues of MI mice, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in fatty acid metabolism, organelles and other metabolic pathways and in the mitochondria. Heat maps revealed fatty acid beta oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased glycolysis levels in MI mice. In the primary culture of CFs, treatment with TGF-β1 significantly reduced the basal and maximum respiratory levels and increased the basal and maximum glycolysis levels (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION During myocardial fibrosis, energy metabolism remodeling occurs in the CFs, manifested by lowered mitochondrial function and increased energy generation through glycolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - M Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - H Chi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - C Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gan PXL, Zhang S, Fred Wong WS. Targeting reprogrammed metabolism as a therapeutic approach for respiratory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116187. [PMID: 38561090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming underlies the etiology and pathophysiology of respiratory diseases such as asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The dysregulated cellular activities driving airway inflammation and remodelling in these diseases have reportedly been linked to aberrant shifts in energy-producing metabolic pathways: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The rewiring of glycolysis and OXPHOS accompanying the therapeutic effects of many clinical compounds and natural products in asthma, IPF, and COPD, supports targeting metabolism as a therapeutic approach for respiratory diseases. Correspondingly, inhibiting glycolysis has largely attested effective against experimental asthma, IPF, and COPD. However, modulating OXPHOS and its supporting catabolic pathways like mitochondrial pyruvate catabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), and glutaminolysis for these respiratory diseases remain inconclusive. An emerging repertoire of metabolic enzymes are also interconnected to these canonical metabolic pathways that similarly possess therapeutic potential for respiratory diseases. Taken together, this review highlights the urgent demand for future studies to ascertain the role of OXPHOS in different respiratory diseases, under different stimulatory conditions, and in different cell types. While this review provides strong experimental evidence in support of the inhibition of glycolysis for asthma, IPF, and COPD, further verification by clinical trials is definitely required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis X L Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan J, Li Y, Wu X, Pan X, Liu C, Zhang H, Wang L, Jiang X, Wang J, Zang N, Pang L, Lv X. The mechanism of Shenlong Jianji treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis inhibits fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation via the TGF-β1/smads signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 322:117507. [PMID: 38122910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenlong Jianji (SLJJ) is a Chinese herbal compound composed of traditional medicines for supplementing Qi, nourishing Yin, promoting blood circulation, and removing obstruction in channels. It is widely used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in China. However, the underlying mechanism of SLJJ remains unclear. AIM OF THIS STUDY To elucidate the efficacy and mechanisms of SLJJ in the treatment of IPF through in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS 84 Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into 7 groups: the control group (CTRL), the sham operation group (SHAM), the model group (IPF), the low dose of SLJJ group (L-SLJJ), the middle dose of SLJJ group (M-SLJJ), the high dose of SLJJ group (H-SLJJ), and the pirfenidone group (PFD). The rats in the CTRL, SHAM, and IPF groups were given normal saline each time for 28 days; the SLJJ groups were given Shenlong Jianji (9 g kg-1·d-1, 18 g kg-1·d-1, 36 g kg-1·d-1), and pirfenidone was administered as a sequential dose. After 28 days, the general condition of the rats was evaluated, and samples were collected. The lung coefficient was measured. The pathological changes of lung in each group were observed by H&E staining and Masson staining. α-SMA, collagen 1, and E-cadherin proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry. α-SMA, collagen 1, vimentin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, TGF-β1, smad2, and smad3 proteins were detected by WB in vivo.In vitro, A scratch test was used to assess the ratio of cell migration. α-SMA, vimentin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin protein levels were evaluated by a cellular immunofluorescence assay. TGF-β1/smads signaling pathway was detected by WB. HPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis was used to identify the active compounds in the SLJJ. Molecular docking determined the free binding energy of the compound with the TGF-β1 protein. RESULTS SLJJ significantly improved the respiratory symptoms, heart rate, mental state, and food intake of IPF group rats and decreased the lung coefficient. In the IPF group, inflammatory cells were infiltrated, and the thickened alveoli wall and alveoli collapse were shown, while significantly alleviating pathological changes in the SLJJ and PFD groups. Masson staining showed that SLJJ and PFD decreased the collagen expression. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expressions of α-SMA, collagen 1, and N-cadherin decreased in the SLJJ and PFD groups, while E-cadherin increased significantly compared with the IPF group. SLJJ regulates TGF-β1/smads signaling pathway proteins in vivo. SLJJ decreased the ratio of migration in HFL-1 cells; SLJJ reduced the fluorescence intensity of α-SMA, vimentin, and N-cadherin and increased the fluorescence intensity of E-cadherin in primary rat lung (PRL) fibroblast cells and HFL-1 cells. WB results showed that SLJJ significantly down-regulated α-SMA, Vimentin, N-cadherin, TGF-β1, smad2, and p-smad2/3 proteins expression and up-regulated E-cadherin protein expression in vitro, whereas SRI-011381 (a TGF-β1 agonist) antagonized the effects of SLJJ. CONCLUSION SLJJ inhibits idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The TGF- β1/Smads signaling pathway can be the target of SLJJ, which inhibits fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation and is expected to be a new drug for the treatment of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Street, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yue Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Street, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xize Wu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 79 East of Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China; Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xue Pan
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 79 East of Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China; Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chuang Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Street, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Street, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Street, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 9, Xuesong Road, Jiefang Street, Sujiatun District, Shenyang, 110101, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jiaran Wang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 79 East of Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ningzi Zang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Street, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lijian Pang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33 Beiling Street, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 79 East of Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhong H, Tang R, Feng JH, Peng YW, Xu QY, Zhou Y, He ZY, Mei SY, Xing SP. METFORMIN MITIGATES SEPSIS-ASSOCIATED PULMONARY FIBROSIS BY PROMOTING AMPK ACTIVATION AND INHIBITING HIF-1α-INDUCED AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS. Shock 2024; 61:283-293. [PMID: 38010091 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent research has revealed that aerobic glycolysis has a strong correlation with sepsis-associated pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, at present, the mechanism and pathogenesis remain unclear. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-induced aerobic glycolysis play a central role in septic pulmonary fibrogenesis. Cellular experiments demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide increased fibroblast activation through AMPK inactivation, HIF-1α induction, alongside an augmentation of aerobic glycolysis. By contrast, the effects were reversed by AMPK activation or HIF-1α inhibition. In addition, pretreatment with metformin, which is an AMPK activator, suppresses HIF-1α expression and alleviates PF associated with sepsis, which is caused by aerobic glycolysis, in mice. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α knockdown demonstrated similar protective effects in vivo . Our research implies that targeting AMPK activation and HIF-1α-induced aerobic glycolysis with metformin might be a practical and useful therapeutic alternative for sepsis-associated PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barron SL, Wyatt O, O'Connor A, Mansfield D, Suzanne Cohen E, Witkos TM, Strickson S, Owens RM. Modelling bronchial epithelial-fibroblast cross-talk in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using a human-derived in vitro air liquid interface (ALI) culture. Sci Rep 2024; 14:240. [PMID: 38168149 PMCID: PMC10761879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating form of respiratory disease with a life expectancy of 3-4 years. Inflammation, epithelial injury and myofibroblast proliferation have been implicated in disease initiation and, recently, epithelial-fibroblastic crosstalk has been identified as a central driver. However, the ability to interrogate this crosstalk is limited due to the absence of in vitro models that mimic physiological conditions. To investigate IPF dysregulated cross-talk, primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and primary normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF) or diseased human lung fibroblasts (DHLF) from IPF patients, were co-cultured in direct contact at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Intercellular crosstalk was assessed by comparing cellular phenotypes of co-cultures to respective monocultures, through optical, biomolecular and electrical methods. A co-culture-dependent decrease in epithelium thickness, basal cell mRNA (P63, KRT5) and an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was observed. This effect was significantly enhanced in DHLF co-cultures and lead to the induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased mRNA expression of TGFβ-2, ZO-1 and DN12. When stimulated with exogenous TGFβ, NHBE and NHLF monocultures showed a significant upregulation of EMT (COL1A1, FN1, VIM, ASMA) and senescence (P21) markers, respectively. In contrast, direct NHLF/NHBE co-culture indicated a protective role of epithelial-fibroblastic cross-talk against TGFβ-induced EMT, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) and inflammatory cytokine release (IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-1β, TNF-α). DHLF co-cultures showed no significant phenotypic transition upon stimulation, likely due to the constitutively high expression of TGFβ isoforms prior to any exogenous stimulation. The model developed provides an alternative method to generate IPF-related bronchial epithelial phenotypes in vitro, through the direct co-culture of human lung fibroblasts with NHBEs. These findings highlight the importance of fibroblast TGFβ signaling in EMT but that monocultures give rise to differential responses compared to co-cultures, when exposed to this pro-inflammatory stimulus. This holds implications for any translation conclusions drawn from monoculture studies and is an important step in development of more biomimetic models of IPF. In summary, we believe this in vitro system to study fibroblast-epithelial crosstalk, within the context of IPF, provides a platform which will aid in the identification and validation of novel targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Barron
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Owen Wyatt
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Bioscience Asthma and Skin Immunity, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andy O'Connor
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Bioscience Asthma and Skin Immunity, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Mansfield
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Suzanne Cohen
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Bioscience Asthma and Skin Immunity, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomasz M Witkos
- Analytical Sciences, Bioassay, Biosafety and Impurities, BioPharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Strickson
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Bioscience Asthma and Skin Immunity, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Diwan R, Bhatt HN, Beaven E, Nurunnabi M. Emerging delivery approaches for targeted pulmonary fibrosis treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 204:115147. [PMID: 38065244 PMCID: PMC10787600 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive, and life-threatening interstitial lung disease which causes scarring in the lung parenchyma and thereby affects architecture and functioning of lung. It is an irreversible damage to lung functioning which is related to epithelial cell injury, immense accumulation of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines, and irregular recruitment of extracellular matrix. The inflammatory cytokines trigger the differentiation of fibroblasts into activated fibroblasts, also known as myofibroblasts, which further increase the production and deposition of collagen at the injury sites in the lung. Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with PF, there is no available treatment that efficiently and effectively treats the disease by reversing their underlying pathologies. In recent years, many therapeutic regimens, for instance, rho kinase inhibitors, Smad signaling pathway inhibitors, p38, BCL-xL/ BCL-2 and JNK pathway inhibitors, have been found to be potent and effective in treating PF, in preclinical stages. However, due to non-selectivity and non-specificity, the therapeutic molecules also result in toxicity mediated severe side effects. Hence, this review demonstrates recent advances on PF pathology, mechanism and targets related to PF, development of various drug delivery systems based on small molecules, RNAs, oligonucleotides, peptides, antibodies, exosomes, and stem cells for the treatment of PF and the progress of various therapeutic treatments in clinical trials to advance PF treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimpy Diwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Himanshu N Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yan P, Liu J, Li Z, Wang J, Zhu Z, Wang L, Yu G. Glycolysis Reprogramming in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling the Mystery of Lactate in the Lung. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:315. [PMID: 38203486 PMCID: PMC10779333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of fibrotic connective tissue in the lungs. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alterations, particularly glycolysis reprogramming, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IPF. Lactate, once considered a metabolic waste product, is now recognized as a signaling molecule involved in various cellular processes. In the context of IPF, lactate has been shown to promote fibroblast activation, myofibroblast differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Furthermore, lactate can modulate immune responses and contribute to the pro-inflammatory microenvironment observed in IPF. In addition, lactate has been implicated in the crosstalk between different cell types involved in IPF; it can influence cell-cell communication, cytokine production, and the activation of profibrotic signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize the current research progress on the role of glycolytic reprogramming and lactate in IPF and its potential implications to clarify the role of lactate in IPF and to provide a reference and direction for future research. In conclusion, elucidating the intricate interplay between lactate metabolism and fibrotic processes may lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He J, Hu J, Liu H. A three-gene random forest model for diagnosing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on circadian rhythm-related genes in lung tissue. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:1307-1320. [PMID: 38285622 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2311262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disorder of circadian rhythm could be a key factor mediating fibrotic lung disease Therefore, our study aims to determine the diagnostic value of circadian rhythm-related genes (CRRGs) in IPF. METHODS We retrieved the data on CRRGs from previous studies and the GSE150910 dataset. The participants from the GSE150910 dataset were divided into training and internal validation sets. Next, we used several various bioinformatics methods and machine learning algorithms to screen genes. Next, we identified SEMA5A, COL7A1, and TUBB3, which were included in the random forest (RF) diagnostic model. Finally, external validation was conducted on data retrieved from the GSE184316 datasets. RESULTS The results revealed that the RF diagnostic model could diagnose patients with IPF in the internal validation set with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.905 and in the external validation with the AUC value of 0.767. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting results revealed a significant decrease in SEMA5A (p < 0.05) expression level and an increase in COL7A1 and TUBB3 expression levels in TGF-β1-treated normal human lung fibroblasts. CONCLUSION We constructed an RF diagnostic model based on SEMA5A, COL7A1, and TUBB3 expression in lung tissue for diagnosing patients with IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hairong Liu
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu W, Deng W, Chen M, Dong Z, Zhu B, Yu Z, Tang D, Sauler M, Lin C, Wain LV, Cho MH, Kaminski N, Zhao H. A statistical framework to identify cell types whose genetically regulated proportions are associated with complex diseases. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010825. [PMID: 37523391 PMCID: PMC10414598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding disease-relevant tissues and cell types can facilitate the identification and investigation of functional genes and variants. In particular, cell type proportions can serve as potential disease predictive biomarkers. In this manuscript, we introduce a novel statistical framework, cell-type Wide Association Study (cWAS), that integrates genetic data with transcriptomics data to identify cell types whose genetically regulated proportions (GRPs) are disease/trait-associated. On simulated and real GWAS data, cWAS showed good statistical power with newly identified significant GRP associations in disease-associated tissues. More specifically, GRPs of endothelial and myofibroblasts in lung tissue were associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, respectively. For breast cancer, the GRP of blood CD8+ T cells was negatively associated with breast cancer (BC) risk as well as survival. Overall, cWAS is a powerful tool to reveal cell types associated with complex diseases mediated by GRPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wenxuan Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Zihan Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Biqing Zhu
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Zhaolong Yu
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daiwei Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Maor Sauler
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baudo G, Wu S, Massaro M, Liu H, Lee H, Zhang A, Hamilton DJ, Blanco E. Polymer-Functionalized Mitochondrial Transplantation to Fibroblasts Counteracts a Pro-Fibrotic Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10913. [PMID: 37446100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) leads to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition-a well-known hallmark of fibrotic disease. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary cytokine driving FMT, and this phenotypic conversion is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, notably a metabolic reprogramming towards enhanced glycolysis. The objective of this study was to examine whether the establishment of favorable metabolic phenotypes in TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts could attenuate FMT. The hypothesis was that mitochondrial replenishment of TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts would counteract a shift towards glycolytic metabolism, consequently offsetting pro-fibrotic processes. Isolated mitochondria, functionalized with a dextran and triphenylphosphonium (TPP) (Dex-TPP) polymer conjugate, were administered to fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells) stimulated with TGF-β, and effects on bioenergetics and fibrotic programming were subsequently examined. Results demonstrate that TGF-β stimulation of fibroblasts led to FMT, which was associated with enhanced glycolysis. Dex-TPP-coated mitochondria (Dex-TPP/Mt) delivery to TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts abrogated a metabolic shift towards glycolysis and led to a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Importantly, TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts treated with Dex-TPP/Mt had lessened expression of FMT markers and ECM proteins, as well as reduced migration and proliferation. Findings highlight the potential of mitochondrial transfer, as well as other strategies involving functional reinforcement of mitochondria, as viable therapeutic modalities in fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gherardo Baudo
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suhong Wu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matteo Massaro
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyunho Lee
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dale J Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elvin Blanco
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rajesh R, Atallah R, Bärnthaler T. Dysregulation of metabolic pathways in pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108436. [PMID: 37150402 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disorder of unknown origin and the most common interstitial lung disease. It progresses with the recruitment of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts that contribute to the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, leading to the loss of compliance and alveolar integrity, compromising the gas exchange capacity of the lung. Moreover, while there are therapeutics available, they do not offer a cure. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify better therapeutic targets. With the advent of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, the cellular mechanisms underlying disease progression are better understood. Metabolic homeostasis is one such factor and its dysregulation has been shown to impact the outcome of IPF. Several metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of lipids, protein and carbohydrates have been implicated in IPF. While metabolites are crucial for the generation of energy, it is now appreciated that metabolites have several non-metabolic roles in regulating cellular processes such as proliferation, signaling, and death among several other functions. Through this review, we succinctly elucidate the role of several metabolic pathways in IPF. Moreover, we also discuss potential therapeutics which target metabolism or metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Rajesh
- Division of pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Reham Atallah
- Division of pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Division of pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saygili E, Devamoglu U, Bayir E, Yesil-celiktas O. An optical pH-sensor integrated microfluidic platform multilayered with bacterial cellulose and gelatin methacrylate to mimic drug-induced lung injury. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
14
|
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and intractable lung disease with fibrotic features that affects alveoli elasticity, which leading to higher rates of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. Pulmonary fibrosis is initiated by repetitive localized micro-damages of the alveolar epithelium, which subsequently triggers aberrant epithelial-fibroblast communication and myofibroblasts production in the extracellular matrix, resulting in massive extracellular matrix accumulation and interstitial remodeling. The major cell types responsible for pulmonary fibrosis are myofibroblasts, alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming or dysregulation of these cells exerts their profibrotic role via affecting pathological mechanisms such as autophagy, apoptosis, aging, and inflammatory responses, which ultimately contributes to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarizes recent findings on metabolic reprogramming that occur in the aforementioned cells during pulmonary fibrosis, especially those associated with glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, with the aim of identifying novel treatment targets for pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengchuan Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuhuan Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ye H, Pan J, Cai X, Yin Z, Li L, Gong E, Xu C, Zheng H, Cao Z, Chen E, Qian J. IL‑10/IL‑10 receptor 1 pathway promotes the viability and collagen synthesis of pulmonary fibroblasts originated from interstitial pneumonia tissues. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:518. [PMID: 35837039 PMCID: PMC9257754 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial pneumonia is a pulmonary interstitial inflammatory and fibrosis disease with a variety of causes that causes respiratory disorders and threatens the lives of patients. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 in peripheral blood of patients with interstitial pneumonia and its biological functions in pulmonary fibroblasts. A total of 42 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 20 healthy subjects were included. ELISA was used to determine IL-10 concentration in serum from the patients and healthy subjects. Primary fibroblasts were isolated from lung tissue successfully and determined by morphology. The CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the effect of IL-10 expression on cell viability. Western blotting was used to determine COL1a1, COL1a2 and IL-10R1 protein expression. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and to determine the number of IL-10+ cells. Expression of IL-10 in serum from IPF patients was higher compared to that from healthy subjects. IL-10 promoted the viability and collagen synthesis and secretion of MRC-5 cells and primary pulmonary fibroblasts. IL-10 and IL-10 receptor (R) 1 served regulatory roles in the viability and collagen synthesis of MRC-5 cells. The ratio of peripheral mononuclear lymphocytes with positive expression of IL-10 was elevated in peripheral blood from patients with IPF. The present study demonstrated that IL-10 expression in peripheral blood of patients with IPF is increased significantly compared with healthy subjects. Activation of the IL-10/IL-10R1 signaling pathway promoted the viability and collagen synthesis and secretion of pulmonary fibroblasts, leading to pulmonary fibrosis. The present study provided experimental basis for further understanding the development mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Jiongwei Pan
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Cai
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhangyong Yin
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Enhui Gong
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Cunlai Xu
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Enguo Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Qian
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effendi WI, Nagano T. Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Breaking the Bridge. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6064. [PMID: 35682743 PMCID: PMC9181498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CTGF is upregulated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), characterized by the deposition of a pathological extracellular matrix (ECM). Additionally, many omics studies confirmed that aberrant cellular senescence-associated mitochondria dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming had been identified in different IPF lung cells (alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages). Here, we reviewed the role of the CTGF in IPF lung cells to mediate anomalous senescence-related metabolic mechanisms that support the fibrotic environment in IPF.
Collapse
|
17
|
Pham TX, Lee J, Guan J, Caporarello N, Meridew JA, Jones DL, Tan Q, Huang SK, Tschumperlin DJ, Ligresti G. Transcriptional analysis of lung fibroblasts identifies PIM1 signaling as a driver of aging-associated persistent fibrosis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153672. [PMID: 35167499 PMCID: PMC8986080 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aging-associated disease characterized by myofibroblast accumulation and progressive lung scarring. To identify transcriptional gene programs driving persistent lung fibrosis in aging, we performed RNA-Seq on lung fibroblasts isolated from young and aged mice during the early resolution phase after bleomycin injury. We discovered that, relative to injured young fibroblasts, injured aged fibroblasts exhibited a profibrotic state characterized by elevated expression of genes implicated in inflammation, matrix remodeling, and cell survival. We identified the proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) and its target nuclear factor of activated T cells-1 (NFATc1) as putative drivers of the sustained profibrotic gene signatures in injured aged fibroblasts. PIM1 and NFATc1 transcripts were enriched in a pathogenic fibroblast population recently discovered in IPF lungs, and their protein expression was abundant in fibroblastic foci. Overexpression of PIM1 in normal human lung fibroblasts potentiated their fibrogenic activation, and this effect was attenuated by NFATc1 inhibition. Pharmacological inhibition of PIM1 attenuated IPF fibroblast activation and sensitized them to apoptotic stimuli. Interruption of PIM1 signaling in IPF lung explants ex vivo inhibited prosurvival gene expression and collagen secretion, suggesting that targeting this pathway may represent a therapeutic strategy to block IPF progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tho X. Pham
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiazhen Guan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meridew
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dakota L. Jones
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven K. Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel J. Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Miao Y, Geng Y, Yang L, Zheng Y, Dai Y, Wei Z. Morin inhibits the transformation of fibroblasts towards myofibroblasts through regulating "PPAR-γ-glutaminolysis-DEPTOR" pathway in pulmonary fibrosis. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 101:108923. [PMID: 34843935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Morin, a natural flavonoid exists in many foods and dietary plants, owns good bioactivities. Herein, we investigated its effect on pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and further explored the mechanisms. Results showed that morin remarkably improved the pathologic alterations, and inhibited the transformation of fibroblasts towards myofibroblasts in lungs of mice with bleomycin-induced PF as well as TGF-β1 or hypoxia-stimulated NIH-3T3 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that morin activated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), and GW9662 or siPPAR-γ significantly weakened the inhibition of morin on the transformation of NIH-3T3 cells. Furthermore, morin restricted glutaminolysis by down-regulating the level of glutaminase 1 (GLS1), which was confirmed by glutamine deprivation, and GLS1 overexpression. Replenishment of metabolite α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) inhibited morin-prevented transformation of fibroblasts, but neither TGF-β1 nor hypoxia could induce the transformation of IDH2-knockdown fibroblasts, suggesting 2-HG was directly involved in the action of morin. Then, ubiquitination of DEPTOR was demonstrated to be prevented by morin, which was attributed to KDM4A, an enzyme inactivated by 2-HG, and leucine as well as KDM4A inhibitor obstructed the effect of morin. Finally, the mechanisms of morin were further confirmed in vivo. Collectively, morin inhibited PF through intervening in "PPAR-γ-glutaminolysis-DEPTOR" signals, and subsequent restriction on the transformation of fibroblasts towards myofibroblasts.
Collapse
|
19
|
Willette RN, Mangrolia P, Pondell SM, Lee CYW, Yoo S, Rudoltz MS, Cowen BR, Welsch DJ. Modulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation with IM156 Attenuates Mitochondrial Metabolic Reprogramming and Inhibits Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:290-300. [PMID: 34593558 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of the myofibroblast plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Here, we characterized the in vitro and in vivo metabolic and anti-fibrotic effects of IM156, an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) modulator that acts by inhibiting Protein Complex 1 (PC1). In vitro, IM156 inhibited TGFβ-dependent increases in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and expression of myofibroblast markers in human pulmonary fibroblasts without altering cell viability or adding to TGF-β induced increases in the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). IM156 significantly increased cellular AMPK phosphorylation and was 60-fold more potent than metformin. In vivo, chronic oral administration of IM156 was highly distributed to major peripheral organs (i.e. lung, liver, kidney, heart) and had significant dose-related effects on the plasma metabolome consistent with OXPHOS modulation and AMPK activation. IM156 increased glycolysis, lipolysis, β-oxidation and amino acids, and decreased free fatty acids, TCA cycle activity and protein synthesis. In the murine bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis, daily oral administration of IM156 administered 7 days after lung injury, attenuated body/lung weight changes, and reduced lung fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. The plasma exposures of IM156 were comparable to well-tolerated doses in human studies. In conclusion, the metabolic and anti-fibrotic effects of IM156 suggest that OXPHOS modulation can attenuate myofibroblast metabolic reprogramming and support testing IM156 as a therapy for IPF and other fibrotic diseases. Significance Statement Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases (FILD) have a poor prognosis and current anti-fibrotic treatments have significant limitations. This study demonstrates that attenuation of fibrogenic metabolic remodeling, by modulation of OXPHOS with IM156, prevents the myofibroblast phenotype/collagen deposition and is a potentially effective and translational anti-fibrotic strategy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ye Z, Li W, Jiang Z, Wang E, Wang J. An intermediate state in trans-differentiation with proliferation, metabolic, and epigenetic switching. iScience 2021; 24:103057. [PMID: 34541470 PMCID: PMC8441076 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although TGF-β signaling can effectively activate fibroblasts to transform to myofibroblasts, the underlying mechanisms involved in the cell fate switching for trans-differentiation have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found the evidence of an intermediate state in the process of trans-differentiation. In the early stage of trans-differentiation, cells enter the intermediate state first with multiple characteristics such as accelerating cell cycle, metabolic switching, enhanced anti-apoptotic ability, and pluripotency, which is very similar to the early stage of reprogramming. As the trans-differentiation continues, these characteristics get switched. Therefore, trans-differentiation appears to require the switching of cell proliferation ability, metabolic pathway, and “stemness” to complete the process. In this study, we can conclude that an intermediate state may be necessary with high pluripotency in trans-differentiation from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Only after passing the intermediate state, the trans-differentiation is finally completed and will not easily return to the original state. Smads and Akt/p38MAPK pathways play the key role in fibroblast transition There is a cell proliferation capability switching induced by TGF-β1 Metabolic reprogramming is required during trans-differentiation An intermediate state appeared with high pluripotency in trans-differentiation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhenlong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Applied Mathematics, State University of New York at Stony Brook., Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final pathological outcome and major cause of morbidity and mortality in many common and chronic inflammatory, immune-mediated, and metabolic diseases. Despite the growing incidence of fibrotic diseases and extensive research efforts, there remains a lack of effective therapies that improve survival. The application of omics technologies has revolutionized our approach to identifying previously unknown therapeutic targets and potential disease biomarkers. The application of metabolomics, in particular, has improved our understanding of disease pathomechanisms and garnered a wave of scientific interest in the role of metabolism in the biology of myofibroblasts, the key effector cells of the fibrogenic response. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in metabolism not only are a feature of but also may play an influential role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, most notably in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most rapidly progressive and fatal of all fibrotic conditions. This review will detail the role of key metabolic pathways, their alterations in myofibroblasts, and the potential this new knowledge offers for the development of antifibrotic therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brintha Selvarajah
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ilan Azuelos
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang CJ, Xu J, Ye HY, Wang XB. Metformin prevents PFKFB3-related aerobic glycolysis from enhancing collagen synthesis in lung fibroblasts by regulating AMPK/mTOR pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:581. [PMID: 33850553 PMCID: PMC8027738 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis has been shown to contribute to the abnormal activation of lung fibroblasts with excessive collagen deposition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Targeting aerobic glycolysis in lung fibroblasts might therefore be considered as a promising therapeutic approach for LPS-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, the aim was to investigate whether metformin, a widely used agent for treating type 2 diabetes, could alleviate LPS-induced lung fibroblast collagen synthesis and its potential underlying mechanisms. Different concentrations of metformin were used to treat the human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells after LPS challenge. Indicators of aerobic glycolysis in MRC-5 cells were detected by measuring glucose consumption and lactate levels in culture medium in addition to lactate dehydrogenase activity in cellular lysates. The glucose consumption, lactate levels and the lactate dehydrogenase activity were measured respectively using colorimetric/fluorometric and ELISA kits. The effects of metformin in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation was assessed by mitochondrial complex I activity kits. Collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen III were used as markers of collagen synthesis, which was measured using western blotting, whereas phosphorylated (p-) AMPK, AMPK, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and mTOR were detected by western blotting. Metformin significantly decreased mitochondrial complex I activity and upregulated the expression of p-AMPK/AMPK protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the aerobic glycolysis mediated by PFKFB3 and collagen synthesis in LPS-treated MRC-5 cells was gradually inhibited with increasing concentrations of metformin. However, this inhibitory role of metformin on PFKFB3-meditaed aerobic glycolysis and collagen synthesis was prevented by treatments with 3BDO and compound C, which are specific mTOR activator and AMPK inhibitor, respectively. Taken together, the findings from this study suggested that metformin may prevent PFKFB3-associated aerobic glycolysis from enhancing collagen synthesis in lung fibroblasts via regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ci-Jun Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Emergency, Huashan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Ye
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Skronska-Wasek W, Durlanik S, Garnett JP, Pflanz S. Polarized cytokine release from airway epithelium differentially influences macrophage phenotype. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:142-149. [PMID: 33588245 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells and macrophages represent two major cell populations in the lung. They reside in physical proximity and are influenced by inhaled substances, microbial- and host-derived factors, as well as by crosstalk between each other. Here, we report the first systematic study to compare the effects of apical and basolateral secretomes from primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) on human macrophages. We exposed monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to the secretome supernatants (SN) from the apical and basolateral chamber of SAEC culture in an air-liquid interface (ALI) setting and analyzed expression of macrophage surface markers. We found that the apical SN increased the expression of CD11c and CD16, whereas basolateral SN increased the expression of CD163 and CD300e, consistent with apical and basolateral epithelial secretions inducing an M1-biased and M2-biased macrophage polarization, respectively. Conversely, in the presence of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), apical SN from NTHi-exposed SAEC induced CD36, CD163 and CD300e and supressed CD11c expression suggesting a switch towards an M2-biased macrophage polarization. Analysis of SN from polarized epithelium revealed a number of factors with differential expression in the apical and basolateral secretome. Functional neutralization of IL6, IL8 or IL1α in the apical secretome led to a decrease in expression of 'M2-like' surface markers, supporting the concept of epithelial-derived secreted factors influencing macrophage phenotype. In conclusion, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that SN from polarized epithelium, depending on the side of secretion, apical or basolateral, can elicit a differential influence on the macrophages polarization phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Skronska-Wasek
- Cancer Immunology and Immunomodulation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG, Biberach, Germany; Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Biberach, Germany.
| | - S Durlanik
- Cancer Immunology and Immunomodulation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - J P Garnett
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG Biberach, Germany; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - S Pflanz
- Cancer Immunology and Immunomodulation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yap JMG, Ueda T, Kanemitsu Y, Takeda N, Fukumitsu K, Fukuda S, Uemura T, Tajiri T, Ohkubo H, Maeno K, Ito Y, Oguri T, Ugawa S, Niimi A. AITC inhibits fibroblast-myofibroblast transition via TRPA1-independent MAPK and NRF2/HO-1 pathways and reverses corticosteroids insensitivity in human lung fibroblasts. Respir Res 2021; 22:51. [PMID: 33579280 PMCID: PMC7881560 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known on the role of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in fibroblast—myofibroblast transition (FMT) that can lead to airway remodeling which is a major problem for severe asthma and fibrosis. Thus, this study investigated the effect of TRPA1 modulators on transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) -treated lung fibroblasts. Methods MRC-5 cells were preincubated with TGF-β1 for 24 h. TRPA1 agonist or antagonist were added and further incubated for 24 h. The changes in TRPA1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions by stimuli were evaluated using qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Statistical significance was determined by using one- or two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis for comparison of multiple groups and paired 2-tailed Student’s t-test between 2 groups. Results MRC-5 cells treated by TGF-β1 significantly upregulated α-SMA mRNA expressions (P < 0.01), but downregulated TRPA1 gene expression (P < 0.001). Post-treatment of TRPA1 activator, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), after TGF-β1 significantly downregulated the α-SMA gene induction (P < 0.01 at 24 h), protein expression (P < 0.05) and immunoreactivity with stress fibers (P < 0.05). On the other hand, TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 did not prevent this effect, and instead tended to facilitate the suppressive effect of AITC when co-stimulated. AITC significantly increased phosphorylated- extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein expressions (P < 0.05) in TGF-β1-treated cells. Combined inhibition with ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) almost completely reversed AITC-induced α-SMA suppression (P < 0.05). Dexamethasone was not able to inhibit the upregulated α-SMA induction by TGF-β1. However, AITC improved dexamethasone-insensitive myodifferentiation in the presence of the corticosteroid (P < 0.01). Conclusion We found that AITC exerts protective effect on TGF-β1-induced α-SMA induction by activating ERK1/2 MAPK and NRF2/HO-1 pathways in lung fibroblasts. It also overcomes corticosteroids insensitivity in TGF-β1-induced α-SMA induction. TRPA1 antagonist modulates the suppressive effect, but not prevent it. AITC and TRPA1 antagonist may be therapeutic agents in treating chronic respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Maries Go Yap
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kanemitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Norihisa Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukumitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takehiro Uemura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tajiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ohkubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Maeno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Testsuya Oguri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shinya Ugawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akio Niimi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is mediated by the activation of resident cardiac fibroblasts, which differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to injury or stress. Although myofibroblast formation is a physiological response to acute injury, such as myocardial infarction, myofibroblast persistence, as occurs in heart failure, contributes to maladaptive remodeling and progressive functional decline. Although traditional pathways of activation, such as TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) and AngII (angiotensin II), have been well characterized, less understood are the alterations in mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism that are necessary to initiate and sustain myofibroblast formation and function. In this review, we highlight recent reports detailing the mitochondrial and metabolic mechanisms that contribute to myofibroblast differentiation, persistence, and function with the hope of identifying novel therapeutic targets to treat, and potentially reverse, tissue organ fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gibb
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael P Lazaropoulos
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John W Elrod
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schruf E, Schroeder V, Le HQ, Schönberger T, Raedel D, Stewart EL, Fundel-Clemens K, Bluhmki T, Weigle S, Schuler M, Thomas MJ, Heilker R, Webster MJ, Dass M, Frick M, Stierstorfer B, Quast K, Garnett JP. Recapitulating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis related alveolar epithelial dysfunction in a human iPSC-derived air-liquid interface model. FASEB J 2020; 34:7825-7846. [PMID: 32297676 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902926r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown cause that is characterized by progressive fibrotic lung remodeling. An abnormal emergence of airway epithelial-like cells within the alveolar compartments of the lung, herein termed bronchiolization, is often observed in IPF. However, the origin of this dysfunctional distal lung epithelium remains unknown due to a lack of suitable human model systems. In this study, we established a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived air-liquid interface (ALI) model of alveolar epithelial type II (ATII)-like cell differentiation that allows us to investigate alveolar epithelial progenitor cell differentiation in vitro. We treated this system with an IPF-relevant cocktail (IPF-RC) to mimic the pro-fibrotic cytokine milieu present in IPF lungs. Stimulation with IPF-RC during differentiation increases secretion of IPF biomarkers and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of these cultures reveals significant overlap with human IPF patient data. IPF-RC treatment further impairs ATII differentiation by driving a shift toward an airway epithelial-like expression signature, providing evidence that a pro-fibrotic cytokine environment can influence the proximo-distal differentiation pattern of human lung epithelial cells. In conclusion, we show for the first time, the establishment of a human model system that recapitulates aspects of IPF-associated bronchiolization of the lung epithelium in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schruf
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Victoria Schroeder
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Huy Q Le
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Tanja Schönberger
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dagmar Raedel
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Emily L Stewart
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Katrin Fundel-Clemens
- Global Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Teresa Bluhmki
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sabine Weigle
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Michael Schuler
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ralf Heilker
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Megan J Webster
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martin Dass
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Birgit Stierstorfer
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Karsten Quast
- Global Computational Biology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - James P Garnett
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mavin E, Verdon B, Carrie S, Saint-Criq V, Powell J, Kuttruff CA, Ward C, Garnett JP, Miwa S. Real-time measurement of cellular bioenergetics in fully differentiated human nasal epithelial cells grown at air-liquid-interface. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1158-L1164. [PMID: 32267720 PMCID: PMC7347273 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00414.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shifts in cellular metabolic phenotypes have the potential to cause disease-driving processes in respiratory disease. The respiratory epithelium is particularly susceptible to metabolic shifts in disease, but our understanding of these processes is limited by the incompatibility of the technology required to measure metabolism in real-time with the cell culture platforms used to generate differentiated respiratory epithelial cell types. Thus, to date, our understanding of respiratory epithelial metabolism has been restricted to that of basal epithelial cells in submerged culture, or via indirect end point metabolomics readouts in lung tissue. Here we present a novel methodology using the widely available Seahorse Analyzer platform to monitor real-time changes in the cellular metabolism of fully differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI). We show increased glycolytic, but not mitochondrial, ATP production rates in response to physiologically relevant increases in glucose availability. We also show that pharmacological inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase is able to reduce glucose-induced shifts toward aerobic glycolysis. This method is timely given the recent advances in our understanding of new respiratory epithelial subtypes that can only be observed in vitro through culture at ALI and will open new avenues to measure real-time metabolic changes in healthy and diseased respiratory epithelium, and in turn the potential for the development of novel therapeutics targeting metabolic-driven disease phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mavin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Verdon
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Carrie
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vinciane Saint-Criq
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Powell
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chris Ward
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - James P Garnett
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Satomi Miwa
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|