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Ishola AA, Adebayo JO, Ceravolo IP, Tijjani H, Bento ES, Goulart HF, Crispim AC, Balogun EA, Santana AEG, Krettli AU. Antimalarial and antioxidant activities of novel artesunate-ellagic acid hybrid compound in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1192659. [PMID: 38957387 PMCID: PMC11217523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1192659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Emergence of drug resistant strains of Plasmodium species has necessitated the search for novel antimalarials with unique mechanisms of action. Synthesis of hybrid compounds has been one approach to tackling this challenge. In this study, the synthesis of artesunate-ellagic acid hybrid compound (EA31) from ellagic acid and artesunate and its evaluation for antimalarial and antioxidant activities using in vitro and in vivo models were carried out. Method: EA31 was synthesized from artesunate and ellagic acid. The activities of the hybrid compound against Plasmodium falciparum W2 and P. berghei NK65 were evaluated, and its antioxidant activities were also determined. Results: The results revealed that EA31 was more active against P. falciparum W2 (chloroquine resistant) clone and less cytotoxic to buffalo green monkey kidney cell line compared to artesunate. EA31 was also active against Plasmodium berghei NK65 in vivo. The results revealed inhibition of β-hematin formation as one of the mechanisms of action of EA31. EA31 also exhibited antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The results revealed that EA31 may exert dual action of killing malaria parasite and mopping the reactive oxygen species that mediate the secondary complications of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Ishola
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Isabela P. Ceravolo
- Malária Experimentale Humana, Instituto René Rachou, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Habibu Tijjani
- Department of Biochemistry, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria
| | - Edson S. Bento
- Instituto de Quimica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Henrique F. Goulart
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Recursos Naturais (LPqRN), Campus de Engenharias Ciencias Agrárias, Rio Largo, Brazil
| | - Alessandre C. Crispim
- Instituto de Quimica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio E. G. Santana
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Recursos Naturais (LPqRN), Campus de Engenharias Ciencias Agrárias, Rio Largo, Brazil
| | - Antoniana U. Krettli
- Malária Experimentale Humana, Instituto René Rachou, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Viana Dos Santos MB, Braga de Oliveira A, Veras Mourão RH. Brazilian plants with antimalarial activity: A review of the period from 2011 to 2022. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117595. [PMID: 38122914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria continues to be a serious global public health problem in subtropical and tropical countries of the world. The main drugs used in the treatment of human malaria, quinine and artemisinin, are isolates of medicinal plants, making the use of plants a widespread practice in countries where malaria is endemic. Over the years, due to the increased resistance of the parasite to chloroquine and artemisinin in certain regions, new strategies for combating malaria have been employed, including research with medicinal plants. AIM This review focuses on the scientific production regarding medicinal plants from Brazil whose antimalarial activity was evaluated during the period from 2011 to 2022. 2. METHODOLOGY For this review, four electronic databases were selected for research: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo and Periódicos CAPES. Searches were made for full texts published in the form of scientific articles written in Portuguese or English and in a digital format. In addition, prospects for new treatments as well as future research that encourages the search for natural products and antimalarial derivatives are also presented. RESULTS A total of 61 publications were encountered, which cited 36 botanical families and 92 species using different Plasmodium strains in in vitro and in vivo assays. The botanical families with the most expressive number of species found were Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae (14, 14, 9 and 6 species, respectively), and the most frequently cited species were of the genera Psychotria L. (8) and Aspidosperma Mart. (12), which belong to the families Rubiaceae and Apocynaceae. Altogether, 75 compounds were identified or isolated from 28 different species, 31 of which are alkaloids. In addition, the extracts of the analyzed species, including the isolated compounds, showed a significant reduction of parasitemia in P. falciparum and P. berghei, especially in the clones W2 CQ-R (in vitro) and ANKA (in vivo), respectively. The Brazilian regions with the highest number of species analyzed were those of the north, especially the states of Pará and Amazonas, and the southeast, especially the state of Minas Gerais. CONCLUSION Although many plant species with antimalarial potential have been identified in Brazil, studies of new antimalarial molecules are slow and have not evolved to the production of a phytotherapeutic medicine. Given this, investigations of plants of traditional use and biotechnological approaches are necessary for the discovery of natural antimalarial products that contribute to the treatment of the disease in the country and in other endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Viana Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Alaíde Braga de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - PPGCF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rosa Helena Veras Mourão
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Kaushik M, Hoti SL, Saxena JK, Hingamire T, Shanmugam D, Joshi RK, Metgud SC, Ungar B, Singh I, Hegde HV. Antimalarial Activity of Anacardium occidentale Leaf Extracts Against Plasmodium falciparum Transketolase (PfTK). Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:832-841. [PMID: 37831282 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As per estimates by WHO in 2021 almost half of the world's population was at risk of malaria and > 0.6 million deaths were attributed to malaria. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore the antimalarial activity of extracts derived from the leaves of the plant Anacardium occidentale L., which has been used traditionally for the treatment of malaria. Different extracts of A. occidentale leaves were prepared and tested for their inhibitory activity against recombinant P. falciparum transketolase (rPfTK) enzyme, in vitro. Further, growth inhibitory activity against cultivated blood stage P. falciparum parasites (3D7 strain), was studied using SYBR Green fluorescence-based in vitro assays. Acute toxicity of the hydro alcoholic extracts of leaves of A. occidentale (HELA) at different concentrations was evaluated on mice and Zebra fish embryos. HELA showed 75.45 ± 0.35% inhibitory activity against the recombinant PfTk and 99.31 ± 0.08% growth inhibition against intra-erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum at the maximum concentration (50 µg/ml) with IC50 of 4.17 ± 0.22 µg/ml. The toxicity test results showed that the heartbeat, somite formation, tail detachment and hatching of embryos were not affected when Zebra fish embryos were treated with 0.1 to 10 µg/ml of the extract. However, at higher concentrations of the extract, at 48 h (1000 µg/ml) and 96 h (100 µg/ml and 1000 µg/ml, respectively) there was no heartbeat in the fish embryos. In the acute oral toxicity tests performed on mice, the extract showed no toxicity up to 300 mg/kg body weight in mice. CONCLUSION The hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves of A. occidentale L. showed potent antimalarial activity against blood stage P. falciparum. Based on the observed inhibitory activity on the transketolase enzyme of P. falciparum it is likely that this enzyme is the target for the development of bioactive molecules present in the plant extracts. The promising anti-malarial activity of purified compounds from leaves of A. occidentale needs to be further explored for development of new anti-malarial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kaushik
- Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases and Translation Research, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Sugeerappa L Hoti
- Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases and Translation Research, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Tejashri Hingamire
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Dhanasekaran Shanmugam
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Rajesh K Joshi
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India.
| | - Sharada C Metgud
- Department of Microbiology, JNMC KLE University Campus, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Banappa Ungar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases and Translation Research, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- Department of Ethnomedicine, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
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Gogoi N, Rudrapal M, Celik I, Kaishap PP, Chetia D. In vitro and in silico guided identification of antimalarial phytoconstituent(s) in the root of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37975318 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
As a part of our continuous effort to find new therapeutic agents from natural sources, the hydroalcoholic (1:1) extract of Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. root was selected for the identification of possible antimalarial phytoconstituents. From the extract, three flavonoids including luteolin were isolated and evaluated for in vitro antimalarial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive (Pf3D7) and resistant (PfRKL-9) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Among these, luteolin (CM3) showed the highest antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 2.315 ± 0.489 and 2.691 ± 0.454 µg/ml against the Pf3D7 and PfRKL-9 strains respectively. To assess the safety of luteolin (CM3), a cytotoxicity study against a normal human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293) was performed and the compound was found to be safe with a CC50 value of 222.3 ± 1.443 µg/ml. The docking study against 26 target proteins of P. falciparum revealed that luteolin (CM3) has a better binding affinity with two proteins, viz. P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDG) and P. falciparum enoyl-ACP reductase (PfEAR) in comparison to the co-crystallized ligands. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulation study of the protein-ligand complexes also supported the binding affinity and interactions of luteolin (CM3) at the active sites. Finally, the binding free energy calculation revealed that the luteolin formed a thermodynamically more stable complex with PfLDG (-50.955 ± 17.184 kJ/mol) than PfEAR (-24.856 ± 13.739 kJ/mol). Overall, in this study, we identified an antimalarial marker in the hydroalcoholic extract of C. maxima root which may act by inhibiting PfLDG.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelutpal Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Dipak Chetia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Mogaka S, Molu H, Kagasi E, Ogila K, Waihenya R, Onditi F, Ozwara H. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link root extract inhibits Plasmodium growth in vitro and in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:71. [PMID: 36879244 PMCID: PMC9987147 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senna occidentalis (L.) Link has been used worldwide in traditional treatment of many diseases and conditions including snakebite. In Kenya, a decoction from the plant roots taken orally, is used as a cure for malaria. Several studies have demonstrated that extracts from the plant possess antiplasmodial activity, in vitro. However, the safety and curative potency of the plant root against established malaria infection is yet to be scientifically validated, in vivo. On the other hand, there are reports on variation in bioactivity of extracts obtained from this plant species, depending on the plant part used and place of origin among other factors. In this study, we demonstrated the antiplasmodial activity of Senna occidentalis roots extract in vitro, and in mice. METHODS Methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane and water extracts of S. occidentalis root were tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, strain 3D7. Cytotoxicity of the most active solvent extracts was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the curative potency in Plasmodium berghei infected mice evaluated by Rane's test. RESULTS All of the solvent extracts tested in this study inhibited the propagation of P. falciparum, strain 3D7, in vitro, with polar extracts being more active than non-polar ones. Methanolic extracts had the highest activity (IC50 = 1.76) while hexane extract displayed the lowest activity (IC50 = 18.47). At the tested concentrations, methanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited high selectivity index against P. falciparum strain 3D7 (SI > 10) in the cytotoxicity assay. Further, the extracts significantly suppressed the propagation of P. berghei parasites (P < 0.05) in vivo and increased the survival time of the infected mice (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Senna occidentalis (L.) Link root extract inhibits the propagation of malaria parasites in vitro and in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Mogaka
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, 00502, Kenya.
- Department of Zoology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Halkano Molu
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, 00502, Kenya
| | - Esther Kagasi
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, 00502, Kenya
| | - Kenneth Ogila
- Department of Zoology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rebeccah Waihenya
- Department of Zoology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Faith Onditi
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, 00502, Kenya
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hastings Ozwara
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, 00502, Kenya
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Gandhi SR, Gandhi GR, Antony PJ, Hillary VE, Ceasar SA, Hariharan G, Liu Y, Gurgel RQ, Quintans JDSS, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Health functions and related molecular mechanisms of Miconia genus: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14609. [PMID: 36967930 PMCID: PMC10036935 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Miconia genus is traditionally used in folk medicine in Brazil and other tropical American countries and is represented by 282 species in this region. It is a multifaceted genus of medicinal plants widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), pain, inflammatory diseases, and many more therapeutic applications. In the present study, we systematically identify and discuss the literature on in vivo and in vitro studies focusing on the therapeutic potentials and related molecular mechanisms of the Miconia genus. The review also assessed phytochemicals and their pharmacological properties and considered safety concerns related to the genus. Literature searches to identify studies on the Miconia genus were carried out through four main electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science limited to Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH) and Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DCS) (Health Sciences Descriptors) to identify studies published up to December 2022. The relevant information about the genus was gathered using the keywords 'Miconia', 'biological activities', 'therapeutic mechanisms', 'animal model, 'cell-line model', 'antinociceptive', 'hyperalgesia', 'anti-inflammatory', and 'inflammation'. The therapeutic potentials and mechanisms of action of 14 species from genus Miconia were examined in 18 in vitro studies and included their anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, antibacterial, cytotoxic, mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-leishmanial, antinociceptive, schistosomicidal, and anti-osteoarthritis potentials, and in eight in vivo studies, assessing their analgesic, antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-osteoarthritis activities. Some of the main related molecular mechanisms identified are the modulation of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as the inhibition of inflammatory mediators and prostaglandin synthesis. The limited number of studies showed that commonly available species from the genus Miconia are safe for consumption. Miconia albicans Sw.Triana and Miconia rubiginosa (Bonpl.) DC was the most frequently used species and showed significant efficacy and potential for developing safe drugs to treat pain and inflammation.
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Wahyuni DK, Wacharasindhu S, Bankeeree W, Wahyuningsih SPA, Ekasari W, Purnobasuki H, Punnapayak H, Prasongsuk S. In vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activities of leaf extracts from Sonchus arvensis L. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:47. [PMID: 36788545 PMCID: PMC9926696 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria continues to be a global problem due to the limited efficacy of current drugs and the natural products are a potential source for discovering new antimalarial agents. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate phytochemical properties, cytotoxic effect, antioxidant, and antiplasmodial activities of Sonchus arvensis L. leaf extracts both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The extracts from S. arvensis L. leaf were prepared by successive maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, and then subjected to quantitative phytochemical analysis using standard methods. The antimalarial activities of crude extracts were tested in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain while the Peter's 4-day suppressive test model with P. berghei-infected mice was used to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. The cytotoxic tests were also carried out using human hepatic cell lines in [3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. RESULT The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic extracts of S. arvensis L. leaf exhibited good in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values 5.119 ± 3.27, 2.916 ± 2.34, and 8.026 ± 1.23 μg/mL, respectively. Each of the extracts also exhibited high antioxidant with low cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extract showed in vivo antiplasmodial activity with ED50 = 46.31 ± 9.36 mg/kg body weight, as well as hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities in mice infected with P. berghei. CONCLUSION This study highlights the antiplasmodial activities of S. arvensis L. leaf ethyl acetate extract against P. falciparum and P. berghei as well as the antioxidant, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities with low toxicity. These results indicate the potential of Sonchus arvensis L. to be developed into a new antimalarial drug candidate. However, the compounds and transmission-blocking strategies for malaria control of S. arvensis L. extracts are essential for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Kusuma Wahyuni
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Sumrit Wacharasindhu
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Wichanee Bankeeree
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, East Java, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Wiwied Ekasari
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java 60115 Indonesia
| | - Hery Purnobasuki
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, East Java, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Hunsa Punnapayak
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sehanat Prasongsuk
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia.
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Cohen O, Boutrou M, Nacher M, Caumes E, Djossou F, Epelboin L. A severe case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria imported by a French traveler from Cameroon to French Guiana despite regular intake of Artemisia annua herbal tea. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2023; 65:e3. [PMID: 36651464 PMCID: PMC9870253 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202365003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal tea with Artemisia annua by travelers and traditional communities in Africa has increased in recent years as a supposed form of malaria prophylaxis, although its use is not recommended due to lack of efficacy. The risk of severe malaria complications that can lead to death is real regarding said behavior, and awareness needs to be raised. We report a case of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria imported in the Amazon rainforest by a traveler returning from Cameroon who treated himself with Artemisia annua herbal tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Cohen
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathilde Boutrou
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Eric Caumes
- Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Félix Djossou
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Cayenne, French Guiana,Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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de Noronha MC, Cardoso RR, dos Santos D'Almeida CT, Vieira do Carmo MA, Azevedo L, Maltarollo VG, Júnior JIR, Eller MR, Cameron LC, Ferreira MSL, Barros FARD. Black tea kombucha: Physicochemical, microbiological and comprehensive phenolic profile changes during fermentation, and antimalarial activity. Food Chem 2022; 384:132515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ezeani C, Ezenyi I, Erhunse N, Sahal D, Akunne T, Okoli C. Assessment of antimalarial medicinal plants used in Nigerian ethnomedicine reveals antimalarial potential of Cucurbita pepo leaf extract. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09916. [PMID: 35856000 PMCID: PMC9287786 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are often used to treat malaria in different parts of Nigeria and exploiting these can unravel new therapeutic leads. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial potential of selected plants used to treat malaria in Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria. Leaves of three different plants (Cucurbita pepo, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Pennisetum purpureum) were collected for screening and two extracts viz., 70%v/v ethanol and dichloromethane/methanol (1:1 v/v), were prepared for each. An acute toxicity test was done in mice and cytotoxicity was assessed using human hepatoma cell line (HUH). The extracts were screened against chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum (Pf3D7) in vitro, and chloroquine-resistant P. berghei ANKA in vivo using a 4 day-suppressive test in mice. Cucurbita pepo ethanol extract was further tested for hemolytic effect on human erythrocytes and in established infection in mice. Parameters assessed were post-treatment parasitemia, hematological indices, organ (brain, kidney, liver, and spleen) weights, and survival. The extracts were non-cytotoxic up to a test dose of 100 μg/ml and 2000 mg/kg fed - mice did not show acute or delayed toxicity. Cucurbita pepo ethanol extract (CpE) displayed excellent in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 of 3.05 μg/ml. At an oral dose of 500 mg/kg, mice were observed to display significant (p < 0.01) ∼51% suppression of parasitemia. The extract did not produce any significant hemolytic effect up to a test concentration of 1 mg/ml. In established infection, a dose of 300 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.01) protected mice from anemia caused by low hematocrit. The extract produced significant (p < 0.05) elevation in red blood cells and platelet counts, and an increase in hemoglobin was evident at 100 and 300 mg/kg. Further, CpE in a dose-dependent manner, reversed liver and spleen weight increase seen in untreated, infected mice. These findings show C. pepo as a potential candidate for further studies to identify its bioactive principle(s) and possible mechanism(s) of antimalarial action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinelo Ezeani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Ezenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nekpen Erhunse
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin-city, Edo State, Nigeria.,Malaria Drug Discovery Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Theophine Akunne
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Charles Okoli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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The Genus Miconia Ruiz & Pav. (Melastomataceae): Ethnomedicinal Uses, Pharmacology, and Phytochemistry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134132. [PMID: 35807377 PMCID: PMC9267935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Miconia are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases, such as pain, throat infections, fever, and cold, and they used as depuratives, diuretics, and sedatives. This work reviewed studies carried out with Miconia species, highlighting its ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological and phytochemical potential. This information was collected in the main platforms of scientific research (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Our findings show that some of the traditional uses of Miconia are corroborated by biological and/or pharmacological assays, which demonstrated, among other properties, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimutagenic, antiparasitic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. A total of 148 chemical compounds were identified in Miconia species, with phenolic compounds being the main constituents found in the species of this genus. Such phytochemical investigations have demonstrated the potential of species belonging to this genus as a source of bioactive substances, thus reinforcing their medicinal and pharmacological importance.
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Antiplasmodial activity of Benth. Leaf and bark extracts against infected mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2475-2482. [PMID: 35531230 PMCID: PMC9073002 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacology relevance Morinda lucida is an ethnopharmacologically important plant that has traditionally been used to treat malaria in the Southwest of Nigeria. The aim of this study is to look into the antiplasmodial properties of different solvent extracts of Morinda lucida bark and leaves. Materials and methods The antiplasmodial model, (or curative assay), was tested against Plasmodium berghei NK65, a chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei strain. In experimental mice, parasitaemia, percentage inhibition, weight changes, and packed cell volume were measured and compared to chloroquine (10 mg kg−1). Standard phytochemical procedures were used to evaluate the extracts' chemo-profile. Results and Discussion Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, phenols, and alkaloids, among other metabolites. The highest quantities of total phenolic, total tannins, and total flavonoid content were found in 50% ethanolic extracts. There was significant decrease in the body weight of the mice after inoculation, however, after administration of crude extracts, an increase in weight was observed. A negative variation (-3.00 g) was observed in group without treatment. The ethanolic crude extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly increased the packed cell volume compared to other extracts. CQ treated experimental mice showed 100% inhibition with activity greater than extracts treated groups. The lowest inhibitory effect was observed in 200 mg/kg ethanolic bark extract treated group with activity of 72.16%. The antiplasmodial activities exhibited by these extracts could be linked to the chemical constituents investigated. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest the use of M. lucida leaves and bark as a medicinal agent for malaria treatment and as a potential source of effective antimalarial templates. Further research is needed to determine the safety and toxicological profile of these extracts in vivo.
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Patil K, Mallya R. Genus Zanthoxylum as Sources of Drugs for Treatment of Tropical Parasitic Diseases. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e040322201773. [PMID: 35249493 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220304203504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tropical parasitic infections account to more than 2 billion infections and cause substantial morbidity and mortality, and accounts to several million deaths every year. Majorly parasitic infections in humans and animals are caused by protozoa and helminths. Chronic infections in host can cause retardation, impairment of cognitive skills, development in young children and weaken the immune system. The burden is felt to a greater extent in developing countries due to poverty, inaccessibility to medicines and resistance observed to drugs. Thus, human health continues to be severely harmed by parasitic infections. Medicinal plants have received much attention as alternative sources of drugs. Zanthoxylum genus has been used ethnobotanically as an antiparasitic agent and the phytoconstituents in Zanthoxylum, show wide variety of chemical substances with proven pharmacological actions such as alkaloids (isoquinolines and quinolines responsible for antitumor activity, antimalarial, antioxidant and antimicrobial actions), lignans, coumarins (antibacterial, antitumour, vasodilatory and anticoagulant activities), alkamide (strong insecticidal properties, anthelminthic, antitussive and analgesic anti antimalarial property). Therefore, this article is an attempt to review the existing literature that emphasizes on potential of genus Zanthoxylum as source of lead compounds for treatment of parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Patil
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Rashmi Mallya
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Endo T, Nakagomi Y, Kawaguchi E, Hayakawa ESH, Vu HN, Takemae H, Shinohara Y, Yang D, Usui T, Mizutani T, Nakao Y, Furuya T. Anti-malarial activity in a Chinese herbal supplement containing Inonotus obliquus and Panax notoginseng. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102532. [PMID: 34933121 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent human malaria parasite, causes serious diseases among the infected patients in the world and is particularly important in African regions. Although artemisinin combination therapy is recommended by the WHO for treatment of P. falciparum-malaria, the emergence of artemisinin-resistant parasites has become a serious issue which underscores the importance of sustained efforts to obtain novel chemotherapeutic agents against malaria. As a part of such efforts, thirty-nine herbal extracts from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were assayed for their anti-malarial activity using 3D7 strain of P. falciparum. Three herbal supplements appeared to possess higher specific anti-malarial activity than the others. One of them (D3) was separated by two sequential fractionations with reverse-phase (the first step) and normal-phase (the second step) liquid chromatography, in which some fractions resulted in higher specific activities than those of D3 or the previous fractions. Cell toxicity assay was performed with the fractions of the first fractionation and demonstrated no obvious cell toxicity. These results suggest that structure determination of the major compound for the anti-malarial activity in D3 may help the development of more potent chemicals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Endo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagomi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Eri Saki H Hayakawa
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hoai Nam Vu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Viet Nam National University of Agriculture, Viet Nam
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | | | - Da Yang
- Iskra Industry Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakao
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Ceravolo IP, Aguiar AC, Adebayo JO, Krettli AU. Studies on Activities and Chemical Characterization of Medicinal Plants in Search for New Antimalarials: A Ten Year Review on Ethnopharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734263. [PMID: 34630109 PMCID: PMC8493299 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an endemic disease that affected 229 million people and caused 409 thousand deaths, in 2019. Disease control is based on early diagnosis and specific treatment with antimalarial drugs since no effective vaccines are commercially available to prevent the disease. Drug chemotherapy has a strong historical link to the use of traditional plant infusions and other natural products in various cultures. The research based on such knowledge has yielded two drugs in medicine: the alkaloid quinine from Cinchona species, native in the Amazon highland rain forest in South America, and artemisinin from Artemisia annua, a species from the millenary Chinese medicine. The artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), proven to be highly effective against malaria parasites, and considered as “the last bullet to fight drug-resistant malaria parasites,” have limited use now due to the emergence of multidrug resistance. In addition, the limited number of therapeutic options makes urgent the development of new antimalarial drugs. This review focuses on the antimalarial activities of 90 plant species obtained from a search using Pubmed database with keywords “antimalarials,” “plants” and “natural products.” We selected only papers published in the last 10 years (2011–2020), with a further analysis of those which were tested experimentally in malaria infected mice. Most plant species studied were from the African continent, followed by Asia and South America; their antimalarial activities were evaluated against asexual blood parasites, and only one species was evaluated for transmission blocking activity. Only a few compounds isolated from these plants were active and had their mechanisms of action delineated, thereby limiting the contribution of these medicinal plants as sources of novel antimalarial pharmacophores, which are highly necessary for the development of effective drugs. Nevertheless, the search for bioactive compounds remains as a promising strategy for the development of new antimalarials and the validation of traditional treatments against malaria. One species native in South America, Ampelozyzyphus amazonicus, and is largely used against human malaria in Brazil has a prophylactic effect, interfering with the viability of sporozoites in in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela P Ceravolo
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anna C Aguiar
- Departamento de Biociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Joseph O Adebayo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Antoniana U Krettli
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Gogoi N, Gogoi B, Chetia D. In vitro antimalarial activity evaluation of two ethnomedicinal plants against chloroquine sensitive and resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In this study, we selected two medicinal plants Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. and Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp. on the basis of their traditional use in the treatment of fever associated with malaria in Assam (India) and evaluated their antimalarial potential against Plasmodium falciparum strains.
Methods
The properly processed plant parts of C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. and A. nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp. were extracted with different solvents from nonpolar to polar by cold maceration technique. After that antimalarial activities of the extracts were evaluated against both chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (RKL-9) strains of P. falciparum using Giemsa staining light microscopy technique. The most active extract(s) was further screened for cytotoxicity potential against murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell line using MTT assay. Then preliminary phytochemical screening and qualitative fingerprint analysis of the active extract(s) were done to check the presence of different secondary metabolites.
Results
From the in vitro study, the hydro-alcoholic extract of C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. and methanol extract of A. nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp. were found to be the most active against both 3D7 and RKL-9 strains. In the cytotoxicity study, the CC50 values of the active extracts were found to be > 100 μg/ml, which suggested the safety of the extracts. Then phytochemical and fingerprint analysis revealed the presence of various important plant secondary metabolites in both the extracts.
Conclusion
The findings of this study confirmed the presence of antimalarial potential of hydro-alcoholic extract of C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. and methanol extract of A. nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp without having any toxic effect. Both the extracts showed IC50 values below 5 μg/ml against 3D7 and RKL-9 strains.
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Marmitt DJ, Shahrajabian MH. Plant species used in Brazil and Asia regions with toxic properties. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4703-4726. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diorge Jônatas Marmitt
- Post‐graduate Program in Biotechnology Taquari Valley University – Univates Lajeado RS Brazil
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Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S, Al-Shaebi EM, Abdel-Gaber R, Thagfan FA, Qasem MA. Medicinal plants as a fight against murine blood-stage malaria. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1723-1738. [PMID: 33732056 PMCID: PMC7938113 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting most of countries worldwide. Due to antimalarial drug resistance, researchers are seeking to find another safe efficient source for treatment of malaria. Since many years ago, medicinal plants were widely used for the treatment of several diseases. In general, most application is done first on experimental animals then human. In this article, medicinal plants as antimalarial agents in experimental animals were reviewed from January 2000 until November 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this systematic review published articles were reviewed using the electronic databases NCBI, ISI Web of knowledge, ScienceDirect and Saudi digital library to check articles and theses for M.Sc/Ph.D. The name of the medicinal plant with its taxon ID and family, the used Plasmodium species, plant part used and its extract type and the country of harvest were described. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The reviewed plants belonged to 83 families. Medicinal plants of families Asteraceae, Meliaceae Fabaceae and Lamiaceae are the most abundant for use in laboratory animal antimalarial studies. According to region, published articles from 33 different countries were reviewed. Most of malaria published articles are from Africa especially Nigeria and Ethiopia. Leaves were the most common plant part used for the experimental malaria research. In many regions, research using medicinal plants to eliminate parasites and as a defensive tool is popular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M. Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Felwa Abdullah Thagfan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood A.A. Qasem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Kulkeaw K. Progress and challenges in the use of fluorescence-based flow cytometric assays for anti-malarial drug susceptibility tests. Malar J 2021; 20:57. [PMID: 33478496 PMCID: PMC7818911 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant Plasmodium is a frequent global threat in malaria eradication programmes, highlighting the need for new anti-malarial drugs and efficient detection of treatment failure. Plasmodium falciparum culture is essential in drug discovery and resistance surveillance. Microscopy of Giemsa-stained erythrocytes is common for determining anti-malarial effects on the intraerythrocytic development of cultured Plasmodium parasites. Giemsa-based microscopy use is conventional but laborious, and its accuracy depends largely on examiner skill. Given the availability of nucleic acid-binding fluorescent dyes and advances in flow cytometry, the use of various fluorochromes has been frequently attempted for the enumeration of parasitaemia and discrimination of P. falciparum growth in drug susceptibility assays. However, fluorochromes do not meet the requirements of being fast, simple, reliable and sensitive. Thus, this review revisits the utility of fluorochromes, notes previously reported hindrances, and highlights the challenges and opportunities for using fluorochromes in flow cytometer-based drug susceptibility tests. It aims to improve drug discovery and support a resistance surveillance system, an essential feature in combatting malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasem Kulkeaw
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2, Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Tasiam E, Primaharinastiti R, Ekasari W. IN VITRO ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY AND TOXICITY STUDIES OF JOHAR ( CASSIA SIAMEA) LEAVES FROM THREE DIFFERENT LOCATIONS. Afr J Infect Dis 2020; 14:23-29. [PMID: 33884347 PMCID: PMC8047291 DOI: 10.21010/ajid.v14i2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimalarial activity of Cassia siamea leaves has been proven by the active compound that has been found, i.e. Cassiarin A. It is known that the quantity of the content of a compound that has the potential as a raw material for medicine can be influenced by various factors including differences in plant origin. This study aims at comparing the antimalarial activity and toxicity of C.siamea leaves from three regions with different meters location values above sea level (asl), i.e Pariaman (1,000 m asl), Palu (60 m asl), and Surabaya (2 m asl). MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials used in this study were Johar leaves from Pariaman, Surabaya, and Palu extracted with n-hexane, and 90% ethanol containing 1% tartaric acid. The antimalarial activity test was done with Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. The toxicity test applied MTT ELISA method. RESULTS C.siamea leaf that had highest antimalarial activity came from Pariaman with IC50 value of 0.006μg/ml, then from Palu was 0.037μg/ml, and the lowest antimalarial activity was from Surabaya that was 0.09μg/ml . In testing the toxicity to get CC50, the highest toxicity came from Surabaya with CC50 value of 135.81μg/ml, Pariaman with CC50 value of 220.82 μg/ml, and the least toxic came from Palu with CC50 value of 235.52μg/ml . CONCLUSION C.siamea leaf obtained from Pariaman had a selectivity index value that satisfies the requirements of a promising antimalarial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezrani Tasiam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Wiwied Ekasari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia,Corresponding Author’s E-mail:
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Ezenyi IC, Verma V, Singh S, Okhale SE, Adzu B. Ethnopharmacology-aided antiplasmodial evaluation of six selected plants used for malaria treatment in Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112694. [PMID: 32092499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sub - Saharan Africa has a high malaria burden and Nigeria accounts for majority of malaria cases worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate selected plants extracts used against malaria in Nigeria for antiplasmodial activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnomedicinal based - approach by literature survey was used to identify plants used in the study. The parts of the plant used were collected and extracted with 70% v/v ethanol; a portion of each extract was used to prepare successive solvent and residual fractions. Chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) P. falciparum strain and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) were used for antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity screening respectively. Hemolysis assay was also carried out on red blood cells (RBCs). Test for in vivo efficacy of an active extract was conducted in a mouse model of established P. berghei ANKA-infection. RESULTS A total of six plants; Andropogon schirensis, Celtis durandii, Chasmanthera dependens, Daniellia ogea, Icacina trichantha and Triumfetta cordifolia were selected and screened. Triumfetta cordifolia leaf extract was observed to display moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 48.09 μg/ml) and was non-toxic to HEK293 cells and erythrocytes. At a dose of 400 mg/kg, T. cordifolia significantly (p<0.001) suppressed parasitemia, significantly (p<0.001) inhibited RBC depletion and prolonged survival in infected mice. CONCLUSIONS T. cordifolia ethanol extract possesses antiplasmodial efficacy and this is the first report of its kind on the plant. It is a potential candidate for further studies to identify its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Ezenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - V Verma
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - S Singh
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - S E Okhale
- Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - B Adzu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, Nigeria
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Various Parts of Helianthus annuus Plants as New Sources of Antimalarial Drugs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7390385. [PMID: 31885662 PMCID: PMC6899295 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7390385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Each part of H. annuus plants is traditionally used as medicinal remedies for several diseases, including malaria. Antimalarial activity of the leaf and the seed has already been observed; however, there is no report about antimalarial activity of the other parts of H. annuus plants. In this study, we assess in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of each part of the plants and its mechanism as antimalarial agent against inhibition of heme detoxification. Objective To investigate the antimalarial activity of various parts of H. annuus. Methods Various parts of the H. annuus plant were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain (chloroquine-sensitive), in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei using Peters' 4-day suppressive test in BALB/c mice, curative and prophylaxis assay, and inhibition of heme detoxification by evaluating β-hematin level. Results Ethanol extract of the roots showed the highest antimalarial activity, followed by ethanol extract of leaves, with IC50 values of 2.3 ± 1.4 and 4.3 ± 2.2 μg/mL, respectively and the percentage inhibition of P. berghei of 63.6 ± 8.0 and 59.3 ± 13.2 at a dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. Ethanol extract of roots produced an ED50 value of 10.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg in the curative test and showed an inhibition of 79.2% at a dose of 400 mg/kg in the prophylactic assay. In inhibition of heme detoxification assay, root and leaf ethanol extracts yielded a lower IC50 value than positive (chloroquine) control with a value of 0.4 ± 0.0 and 0.5 ± 0.0 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion There were promising results of the ethanol extracts of root of H. annuus as a new source for the development of a new plant-based antimalarial agent.
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Narula AK, Azad CS, Nainwal LM. New dimensions in the field of antimalarial research against malaria resurgence. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ferreira L, Venancio VP, Kawano T, Abrão LCC, Tavella TA, Almeida LD, Pires GS, Bilsland E, Sunnerhagen P, Azevedo L, Talcott ST, Mertens-Talcott SU, Costa FTM. Chemical Genomic Profiling Unveils the in Vitro and in Vivo Antiplasmodial Mechanism of Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Polyphenols. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15628-15635. [PMID: 31572864 PMCID: PMC6761757 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Malaria remains a major detrimental parasitic disease in the developing world, with more than 200 million cases annually. Widespread drug-resistant parasite strains push for the development of novel antimalarial drugs. Plant-derived natural products are key sources of antimalarial molecules. Euterpe oleracea Martius ("açaí") originates from Brazil and has anti-inflammatory and antineoplasic properties. Here, we evaluated the antimalarial efficacy of three phenolic fractions of açaí; total phenolics (1), nonanthocyanin phenolics (2), and total anthocyanins (3). In vitro, fraction 2 moderately inhibited parasite growth in chloroquine-sensitive (HB3) and multiresistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum strains, while none of the fractions was toxic to noncancer cells. Despite the limited activity in vitro, the oral treatment with 20 mg/kg of fraction 1 reduced parasitemia by 89.4% in Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice and prolonged survival. Contrasting in vitro and in vivo activities of 1 suggest key antiplasmodial roles for polyphenol metabolites rather than the fraction itself. Finally, we performed haploinsufficiency chemical genomic profiling (HIP) utilizing heterozygous Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants to identify molecular mechanisms of açaí fractions. HIP results indicate proteostasis as the main cellular pathway affected by fraction 2. These results open avenues to develop açaí polyphenols as potential new antimalarial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia
T. Ferreira
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases—Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da
Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology and Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional
Biology, Institute of Biology, University
of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Vinícius P. Venancio
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Taila Kawano
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University
of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Lailah C. C. Abrão
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University
of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Tatyana A. Tavella
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases—Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da
Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology and Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional
Biology, Institute of Biology, University
of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ludimila D. Almeida
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases—Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da
Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology and Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional
Biology, Institute of Biology, University
of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S. Pires
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases—Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da
Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology and Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional
Biology, Institute of Biology, University
of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Bilsland
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases—Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da
Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology and Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional
Biology, Institute of Biology, University
of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Laboratory
of Nutritional and Toxicological Analysis in Vivo—LANTIN, Faculty
of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Stephen T. Talcott
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Susanne U. Mertens-Talcott
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Fabio T. M. Costa
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases—Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da
Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology and Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Functional
Biology, Institute of Biology, University
of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
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Marques LLM, Ferreira EDF, Paula MND, Klein T, Mello JCPD. Paullinia cupana: a multipurpose plant – a review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ceravolo IP, Zani CL, Figueiredo FJB, Kohlhoff M, Santana AEG, Krettli AU. Aspidosperma pyrifolium, a medicinal plant from the Brazilian caatinga, displays a high antiplasmodial activity and low cytotoxicity. Malar J 2018; 17:436. [PMID: 30477525 PMCID: PMC6257952 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several species of Aspidosperma plants are referred to as remedies for the treatment of malaria, especially Aspidosperma nitidum. Aspidosperma pyrifolium, also a medicinal plant, is used as a natural anti-inflammatory. Its fractionated extracts were assayed in vitro for activity against malaria parasites and for cytotoxicity. Methods Aspidosperma pyrifolium activity was evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum using extracts in vitro. Toxicity towards human hepatoma cells, monkey kidney cells or human monocytes freshly isolated from peripheral blood was also assessed. Anti-malarial activity of selected extracts and fractions that presented in vitro activity were tested in mice with a Plasmodium berghei blood-induced infection. Results The crude stem bark extract and the alkaloid-rich and ethyl acetate fractions from stem extract showed in vitro activity. None of the crude extracts or fractions was cytotoxic to normal monkey kidney and to a human hepatoma cell lines, or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; the MDL50 values of all the crude bark extracts and fractions were similar or better when tested on normal cells, with the exception of organic and alkaloidic-rich fractions from stem extract. Two extracts and two fractions tested in vivo caused a significant reduction of P. berghei parasitaemia in experimentally infected mice. Conclusion Considering the high therapeutic index of the alkaloidic-rich fraction from stem extract of A. pyrifolium, it makes the species a candidate for further investigation aiming to produce a new anti-malarial, especially considering that the active extract has no toxicity, i.e., no mutagenic effects in the genototoxicity assays, and that it has an in vivo anti-malarial effect. In its UPLC-HRMS analysis this fraction was shown to have two major components compatible with the bisindole alkaloid Leucoridine B, and a novel compound, which is likely to be responsible for the activity against malaria parasites demonstrated in in vitro tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela P Ceravolo
- Experimental and Human Malaria Section, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.190-009, Brazil
| | - Carlos L Zani
- Chemistry of Natural Products Section, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.190-009, Brazil
| | - Flávio J B Figueiredo
- Experimental and Human Malaria Section, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.190-009, Brazil
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Chemistry of Natural Products Section, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.190-009, Brazil
| | - Antônio E G Santana
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Antoniana U Krettli
- Experimental and Human Malaria Section, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.190-009, Brazil.
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Mzena T, Swai H, Chacha M. Antimalarial activity of Cucumis metuliferus and Lippia kituiensis against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Res Rep Trop Med 2018; 9:81-88. [PMID: 30050358 PMCID: PMC6049058 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s150091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The search for new antimalarial drugs has become progressively urgent due to plasmodial resistance to most of the commercially available antimalarial drugs. As part of this effort, the study evaluated the antimalarial activity of Cucumis metuliferus and Lippia kituiensis, which are traditionally used in Tanzania for the treatment of malaria. Materials and methods In vivo antimalarial activity was assessed using the 4-day suppressive antimalarial assay. Mice were infected by injecting via tail vein 1×107 erythrocytes infected by Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Extracts were administered orally; chloroquine (10 mg/kg/day) and dimethyl sulfoxide (5 mL/kg/day) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The level of parasitemia, survival time, packed cell volume (PCV) and variation in body weight of mice were used to determine the antimalarial activity of the extract. Results The ethyl acetate, methanolic and chloroform extracts of C. metuliferus and L. kituiensis significantly (p<0.05) inhibited parasitemia in a dose-dependent manner and prevented loss of body weight at the dose levels of 600 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, the extracts prolonged the mean survival time of P. berghei-infected mice compared to the non-treated control. The plant extracts did not show reduction of PCV except at the low dose of 300 mg/kg. The highest suppression was recorded at the dose level of 1,500 mg/kg. At this dose, C. metuliferus in chloroform, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts had percentage suppression of 98.55%, 88.89% and 84.39%, respectively, whereas L. kituiensis in ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanolic extracts exhibited suppression of the pathogens of 95.19%, 93.88% and 74.83%, respectively. Conclusion It is worth reporting that the two plants induced suppression which is equivalent to that induced by chloroquine (C. metuliferus chloroform and L. Kituiensis ethyl acetate). The two plants have been demonstrated to be potential sources of antimalarial templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theopista Mzena
- School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania, theopistam@nm-aist
| | - Hulda Swai
- School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania, theopistam@nm-aist
| | - Musa Chacha
- School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania, theopistam@nm-aist
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Cordeiro TDM, Borghetti F, Caldas Oliveira SC, Bastos IMD, de Santana JM, Grellier P, Charneau S. Brazilian Cerrado Qualea grandiflora Mart. Leaves Exhibit Antiplasmodial and Trypanocidal Activities In vitro. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:668-672. [PMID: 29200731 PMCID: PMC5701409 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_100_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid spread of drug-resistant strains of protozoan parasites required the urgent need for new effective drugs. Natural products offer a variety of chemical structures, which make them a valuable source of lead compounds for the development of such new drugs. Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil and has the richest flora of all the world savannahs. We selected Qualea grandiflora, a plant species known for its proprieties in folk medicine and its antibacterial activity. Objective However, its antiprotozoal activity was not yet explored. Materials and Methods We investigated the activities of fractions from the ethyl acetate extract of Q. grandiflora leaves against human life forms of Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, and for its cytotoxicity upon the rat L6-myoblast cell line. Ten fractions were produced by ethyl acetate:hexane chromatography. Results and Conclusion The fractions showed no cytotoxicity against L-6 cells (IC50 > 100 μg/mL) and no hemolysis propriety. Three fractions had a moderate activity against P. falciparum, anyone was active against T. cruzi but four fractions demonstrated a high activity against bloodstream forms of T. brucei gambiense (8.0< IC50 <15 μg/mL). Identification and characterization of the active compounds are currently under investigation. SUMMARY Qualea grandiflora is an endemic tree of the Brazilian Cerrado, which presents medicinal propertiesTen fractions of the ethyl acetate extract of Q. grandiflora leaves were assessed against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma Cruzi, and Trypanosoma brucei gambienseNo fraction showed relevant cytotoxicity and hemolysis activityAll the fractions presented antiplasmodial and trypanocidal activitiesThree fractions with moderate antiplasmodial activity (49< IC50 <56 μg/mL)Four fractions with high activity against bloodstream forms of T. brucei gambiense (8.0< IC50 <15 μg/mL). Abbreviations used: CQ: Chloroquine, DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, HEPES: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid, HMI: Modified Iscove's medium, IC50: Concentration inhibiting 50% of parasite growth, IC90: Concentration inhibiting 90% of parasite growth, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute, SD: Standard deviation, SI: Ratio of cytotoxicity to biological activity - TC50/IC50, TC50: Concentration causing 50% of cell growth inhibition, TC90: Concentration causing 90% of cell growth inhibition, TLC: Thin-layer chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuany de Moura Cordeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, 70910-900, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabian Borghetti
- Department of Botany, Laboratory of Thermobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, 70910-900, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Sarah C Caldas Oliveira
- Department of Botany, Laboratory of Allelopathy, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Izabela Marques Dourado Bastos
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interaction, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, 70910-900, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Jaime Martins de Santana
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interaction, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, 70910-900, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 CNRS, Communication Molecules and Adaptation of Microorganisms, CP 52, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 PARIS CEDEX 05, France
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, 70910-900, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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Artesunate-quercetin/luteolin dual drug nanofacilitated synergistic treatment for malaria: A plausible approach to overcome artemisinin combination therapy resistance. Med Hypotheses 2017; 109:176-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Panda S, Rout JR, Pati P, Ranjit M, Sahoo SL. Antimalarial activity of Artemisia nilagirica against Plasmodium falciparum. J Parasit Dis 2017; 42:22-27. [PMID: 29491554 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most prevalent vector borne infectious disease and a serious global health problem in the world. Treatment for malaria is commonly inadequate due to the lack of quality assured limited number of effective drugs, underline how important it is to discover new antimalarial plants from number of natural sources. In the present study, the efficacy of antimalarial activity was studied by taking six various (n-hexane, chloroform, petroleum ether, ethanol, methanol and aqueous) organic leaf extracts of Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp. against malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Promising antiplasmodial activity was found in all tested extracts; however, maximum 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were noticed after 32 h of incubation, which is 5.76 ± 0.82, 7.09 ± 1.09, 9.88 ± 1.13, 10.24 ± 1.52, 11.37 ± 1.77 and 50.15 ± 6.16 µg/ml in methanol, chloroform, n-hexane, petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. In conclusion, A. nilagirica leaf extract possesses antiplasmodial activity which may be used as a potent plant-based antimalarial drug in the future by investigating the hidden phytochemical/(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagorika Panda
- 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 India
| | - Jyoti Ranjan Rout
- 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management and Information Technology, 67/68, IID Centre, Bidya Vihar, Barunei Hills, Khurda, Odisha 752057 India
| | - Pallabi Pati
- Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023 India
| | - Manoranjan Ranjit
- Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023 India
| | - Santi Lata Sahoo
- 1Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 India
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Tarkang PA, Appiah-Opong R, Ofori MF, Ayong LS, Nyarko AK. Application of multi-target phytotherapeutic concept in malaria drug discovery: a systems biology approach in biomarker identification. Biomark Res 2016; 4:25. [PMID: 27999673 PMCID: PMC5154004 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-016-0077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new anti-malaria drugs with broad therapeutic potential and novel mode of action, for effective treatment and to overcome emerging drug resistance. Plant-derived anti-malarials remain a significant source of bioactive molecules in this regard. The multicomponent formulation forms the basis of phytotherapy. Mechanistic reasons for the poly-pharmacological effects of plants constitute increased bioavailability, interference with cellular transport processes, activation of pro-drugs/deactivation of active compounds to inactive metabolites and action of synergistic partners at different points of the same signaling cascade. These effects are known as the multi-target concept. However, due to the intrinsic complexity of natural products-based drug discovery, there is need to rethink the approaches toward understanding their therapeutic effect. This review discusses the multi-target phytotherapeutic concept and its application in biomarker identification using the modified reverse pharmacology - systems biology approach. Considerations include the generation of a product library, high throughput screening (HTS) techniques for efficacy and interaction assessment, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-based anti-malarial profiling and animal pharmacology. This approach is an integrated interdisciplinary implementation of tailored technology platforms coupled to miniaturized biological assays, to track and characterize the multi-target bioactive components of botanicals as well as identify potential biomarkers. While preserving biodiversity, this will serve as a primary step towards the development of standardized phytomedicines, as well as facilitate lead discovery for chemical prioritization and downstream clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protus Arrey Tarkang
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), P. O. Box 8013, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra Ghana
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra Ghana
| | - Michael F. Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG581, Legon, Accra Ghana
| | - Lawrence S. Ayong
- Malaria Research Laboratory, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, BP 1274 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alexander K. Nyarko
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra Ghana
- School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra Ghana
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Frausin G, Hidalgo ADF, Lima RBS, Kinupp VF, Ming LC, Pohlit AM, Milliken W. An ethnobotanical study of anti-malarial plants among indigenous people on the upper Negro River in the Brazilian Amazon. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26216513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this article we present the plants used for the treatment of malaria and associated symptoms in Santa Isabel do Rio Negro in the Brazilian Amazon. The region has important biological and cultural diversities including more than twenty indigenous ethnic groups and a strong history in traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to survey information in the Baniwa, Baré, Desana, Piratapuia, Tariana, Tukano, Tuyuca and Yanomami ethnic communities and among caboclos (mixed-ethnicity) on (a) plant species used for the treatment of malaria and associated symptoms, (b) dosage forms and (c) distribution of these anti-malarial plants in the Amazon. METHODS Information was obtained through classical ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological methods from interviews with 146 informants in Santa Isabel municipality on the upper Negro River, Brazil. RESULTS Fifty-five mainly native neotropical plant species from 34 families were in use. The detailed uses of these plants were documented. The result was 187 records (64.5%) of plants for the specific treatment of malaria, 51 records (17.6%) of plants used in the treatment of liver problems and 29 records (10.0%) of plants used in the control of fevers associated with malaria. Other uses described were blood fortification ('dar sangue'), headache and prophylaxis. Most of the therapeutic preparations were decoctions and infusions based on stem bark, root bark and leaves. These were administered by mouth. In some cases, remedies were prepared with up to three different plant species. Also, plants were used together with other ingredients such as insects, mammals, gunpowder and milk. CONCLUSION This is the first study on the anti-malarial plants from this region of the Amazon. Aspidosperma spp. and Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke were the most cited species in the communities surveyed. These species have experimental proof supporting their anti-malarial efficacy. The dosage of the therapeutic preparations depends on the kind of plant, quantity of plant material available, the patient's age (children and adults) and the local expert. The treatment time varies from a single dose to up to several weeks. Most anti-malarial plants are domesticated or grow spontaneously. They are grown in home gardens, open areas near the communities, clearings and secondary forests, and wild species grow in areas of seasonally flooded wetlands and terra firme ('solid ground') forest, in some cases in locations that are hard to access. Traditional knowledge of plants was found to be falling into disuse presumably as a consequence of the local official health services that treat malaria in the communities using commercial drugs. Despite this, some species are used in the prevention of this disease and also in the recovery after using conventional anti-malarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Frausin
- Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Ari de Freitas Hidalgo
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, CEP 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Renata Braga Souza Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Otavio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, CEP 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Valdely Ferreira Kinupp
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Avenida Ferreira Pena, 1109, Centro, CEP 69025-010 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Lin Chau Ming
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Caixa Postal 237, CEP 18610-307 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adrian Martin Pohlit
- Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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