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Min L, Mao Y, Lai H. Burden of silica-attributed pneumoconiosis and tracheal, bronchus & lung cancer for global and countries in the national program for the elimination of silicosis, 1990-2019: a comparative study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:571. [PMID: 38388421 PMCID: PMC10885413 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In industries worldwide, crystalline silica is pervasive and poses risks of pneumoconiosis and respiratory malignancies, with the latter being a knowledge gap in disease burden research that this study aims to address. By integrating both diseases, we also seek to provide an in-depth depiction of the silica-attributed disease burden. METHODS Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 were extracted to analyze the disease burden due to silica exposure. The trends of age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) from 1990 to 2019, as well as the age-specific number and rate of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 1990 and 2019, were presented using GraphPad Prism software. The average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) on ASMR and ASDR were calculated using joinpoint regression models. RESULTS The global trends of disease burden due to silica exposure from 1990 to 2019 showed a significant decrease, with AAPCs on ASMR and ASDR of -1.22 (-1.38, -1.06) and - 1.18 (-1.30, -1.05), respectively. Vietnam was an exception with an unprecedented climb in ASMR and ASDR in general over the years. The age-specific deaths and DALYs mainly peaked in the age group 60-64. In comparison to 1990, the number of deaths and DALYs became higher after 45 years old in 2019, while their rates stayed consistently lower in 2019. Males experienced an elevated age-specific burden than females. China's general age-standardized burden of pneumoconiosis and tracheal, bronchus & lung (TBL) cancer ranked at the forefront, along with the highest burden of pneumoconiosis in Chilean males and South African females, as well as the prominent burden of TBL cancer in Turkish males, Thai females, and overall Vietnamese. The age-specific burden of TBL cancer surpassed that of pneumoconiosis, and a delay was presented in the pneumoconiosis pinnacle burden compared to the TBL cancer. Besides, the burden of pneumoconiosis indicated a sluggish growth trend with advancing age. CONCLUSION Our research highlights the cruciality of continuous enhancements in occupational health legislation for countries seriously suffering from industrial silica pollution and the necessity of prioritizing preventive measures for male workers and elderly retirees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Min
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiyang Mao
- Department of Occupational Health, Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 225001, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hanpeng Lai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China.
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Kang HYJ, Cao SY, Shao S, Liang LR, Tong ZH. The systemic immune-inflammation index is significantly associated with the severity of silicosis: a 9-year retrospective study in Beijing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1351589. [PMID: 38384409 PMCID: PMC10879356 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1351589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Silicosis shows an increasing trend with the development of new industries. However, the potential biomarkers for predicting the disease severity are lacking. A novel inflammatory marker, the systemic immune-inflammation Index (SII), has not been studied in silicosis. Methods In this retrospective study, we used data from a big database platform of a tertiary general hospital in Beijing, which was established based on the electronic medical records of the hospital. The clinical data of adult patients diagnosed with silicosis at the Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology from 2013 to 2022 were collected. The data extracted from the database were in de-identified form. Only patients with a first diagnosis of silicosis and without conditions that might affect the parameters of routine blood tests were included in the analysis. Analyses were performed to assess the relationship between SII and the advanced stage of silicosis. Results A total of 246 participants were included in the study. Most of the patients were exposed to silica particles during excavation and digging (n = 149, 60.6%). SII level was significantly higher in patients with advanced stages of silicosis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher SII level was associated with the advanced stage of silicosis [odds ratio (OR) = 1.002; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.000-1.003, p < 0.001] after adjusting for all covariates. The best cutoff value of SII was 444.1. The results of the subgroup analysis also showed a significant correlation between SII level over 444.1 and the advanced stage of silicosis in groups stratified by gender, history of smoking, and duration of silica exposure. Moreover, our results showed a significant but weak negative correlation between the level of SII and some lung function parameters in silicosis. Conclusion Higher SII is associated with the advanced stage of silicosis and impaired lung function. More long-term, large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu-Jie Kang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yu Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Rong Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Rey-Brandariz J, Martínez C, Candal-Pedreira C, Pérez-Ríos M, Varela-Lema L, Ruano-Ravina A. Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and lung cancer: a systematic review of cut-off points. Environ Health 2023; 22:82. [PMID: 38031062 PMCID: PMC10687911 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is associated with the development of lung cancer. However, there is uncertainty around the exposure threshold at which exposure to RCS may pose a clear risk for the development of lung cancer. The objective of this study was to review the cut-off points at which the risk of mortality or incidence of lung cancer due to occupational exposure to RCS becomes evident through a systematic review. METHODS We conducted a search in PubMed, including cohort and case-control studies which assessed various categories of RCS exposure. A search was also conducted on the webpages of institutional organizations. A qualitative data synthesis was performed. RESULTS Twenty studies were included. Studies that assessed lung cancer mortality and incidence displayed wide variability both in RCS exposure categories and related risks. Although most studies found no significant association for RCS exposure categories, it appears to be a low risk of lung cancer for mean concentrations of less than 0.07mg/m3. Regulatory agencies set annual RCS exposure limits ranging from 0.025mg/m3 through 0.1mg/m3. CONCLUSIONS There is a wide degree of heterogeneity in RCS exposure categories, with most studies observing no significant risk of lung cancer for the lowest exposure categories. Cut-off points differ between agencies but are nonetheless very similar and do not exceed 0.1mg/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rey-Brandariz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, C/ San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública- CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Asturias Clinical Hospital, Oviedo, Spain
- Principality of Asturias Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias-ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Candal-Pedreira
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, C/ San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública- CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela-IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, C/ San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública- CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela-IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leonor Varela-Lema
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, C/ San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública- CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela-IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Ruano-Ravina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, C/ San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública- CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela-IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Yang S, Chan CK, Wang MH, Leung CC, Tai LB, Tse LA. Association of spirometric restriction with mortality in the silicotics: a cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:327. [PMID: 37667228 PMCID: PMC10478203 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictive spirometry pattern (RSP), defined as reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) in absence of airflow obstruction (AFO), is associated with increased risk of mortality in general population. However, evidence in the patients with silicosis is limited. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between RSP and the risk of death in a silicotic cohort. METHOD This retrospective cohort study used data from the Pneumoconiosis Clinic, Hong Kong Department of Health that containing 4315 patients aged 18-80 years and diagnosed with silicosis during 1981-2019, with a follow-up till 31 December 2019. Spirometry was carried out at the diagnostic examination of silicosis. Lung function categories were classified as normal spirometry (FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.7, FVC ≥ 80% predicted), RSP only (FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.7, FVC < 80% predicted), AFO only (FEV1/FVC < 0.7, FVC ≥ 80% predicted), and RSP&AFO mixed (FEV1/FVC < 0.7, FVC < 80% predicted). The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, body mass index, history of tuberculosis, smoking status, pack-years, and radiographic characteristics of silicotic nodules. RESULTS Among the 4315 patients enrolled in the study, the prevalence of RSP was 24.1% (n = 1038), including 11.0% (n = 473) with RSP only and 13.1% (n = 565) with mixed RSP and AFO. During the follow-up period, a total of 2399 (55.6%) deaths were observed. Compared with the silicotics with normal spirometry, those with RSP only had significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.44-1.85) and respiratory-related mortality (HR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.31-1.85). Notably, a higher risk of mortality was observed in silicotics with mixed ventilatory defects of both RSP and AFO (all-cause mortality: HR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.95-2.52; respiratory-related mortality: HR = 2.59, 95% CI 2.18-3.07) than in those with RSP only. CONCLUSION RSP is significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause and respiratory-related mortality in the silicotics, and patients with mixed restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defect have higher risk of mortality than those with single RSP or AFO. These findings emphasize the importance of recognizing RSP in the occupational settings, especially for the silicotic patients with mixed ventilatory defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Yang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Kuen Chan
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Chiu Leung
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lai Bun Tai
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Xue Y, Miao L, Xu P, Yang X, Qu M, Lai H. Potential Effect of Combined Exposure of Crystalline Silica Dust and Cigarette Smoking on the Incidence of Silicosis among Chinese Male Stone Processing Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2260. [PMID: 37628458 PMCID: PMC10454731 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Silicosis is a progressive and irreversible disease primarily caused by exposure to crystalline silica dust and, to a lesser extent, cigarette smoking. However, further research is needed to validate the potential combined effect of these risk factors on the increased incidence of the disease. Methods: A total of 1688 male workers employed at a Chinese stone processing plant between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2019, were included in the study. Cumulative exposure to industrial crystalline silica dust and packyears of smoking were collected through health surveillance, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for silicotic changes due to industrial silica exposure and cigarette smoking were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: Among all participants, a significant exposure-response relationship was observed between long-term exposure to industrial silica dust and radiographic findings resembling silicosis (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.41). However, among middle-aged workers, a weak and statistically insignificant relationship was found between prolonged cigarette smoking and X-ray evidence of lung silicosis (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.53). Furthermore, significant combined effects, exceeding the additive models, were identified in each age group and employment sector (relative risk due to interaction 0.51, 95% CI 0.08 to 3.42). Conclusions: It is critically important to implement effective dust removal measures and tobacco control strategies in order to enhance respiratory health among employees across all age groups in the stone processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xue
- Department of Radiology and Functional Examination, Nanjing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Nanjing 210018, China; (Y.X.); (P.X.)
| | - Long Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.M.); (M.Q.)
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Radiology and Functional Examination, Nanjing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Nanjing 210018, China; (Y.X.); (P.X.)
| | - Xinglong Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Man Qu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.M.); (M.Q.)
| | - Hanpeng Lai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.M.); (M.Q.)
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Wiebert P, Andersson T, Feychting M, Sjögren B, Plato N, Gustavsson P. Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and acute myocardial infarction among men and women in Sweden. Occup Environ Med 2022; 80:oemed-2022-108505. [PMID: 36600641 PMCID: PMC9763159 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is common. The study aimed to assess the risk for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after long-term exposure to RCS and to explore differences in risk between men and women. METHODS The cohort included all manual workers identified from the Swedish National Census in 1980 using data on job titles and demography altogether from five censuses from 1960 to 1990, in total 605 246 men and 480 607 women. Information on AMI was obtained from nationwide registers from 1992 to 2006. Exposure to RCS was assessed with a job-exposure matrix. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by Cox regression, adjusted for age, socioeconomic status and urbanisation index. RESULTS Among manual workers ever exposed to RCS, the adjusted risk of AMI was HR 1.29 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.46) in women, and HR 1.02 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.04) in men. In the highest quartile of cumulative exposure, the risk of AMI was HR 1.66 (95% CI 1.27 to 2.18) for women, and HR 1.06 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.10) for men, respectively. The risk of AMI increased with cumulative exposure to RCS both in women (p=0.001) and in men (p=0.016). An interaction analysis showed that the relative risk from exposure to RCS was statistically significantly lower in men than in women at similar exposure levels. CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposure to RCS was related to the risk of AMI. Women were more sensitive to exposure to RCS than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Wiebert
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Andersson
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Feychting
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sjögren
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Plato
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sohrabi Y, Sabet S, Yousefinejad S, Rahimian F, Aryaie M, Soleimani E, Jafari S. Pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to respirable silica dust: A historical cohort study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11642. [PMID: 36406664 PMCID: PMC9668567 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adverse health effects of silica are still a major concern in some industries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pulmonary function in a group of sub-radiological silicotic workers after 11 years of silica dust exposure. Methods The study sample consisted of 381 exposed and 254 non-exposed workers. The history of pulmonary function parameters was obtained from workers' medical records. The data were collected through interviews with employees and completing questionnaires on demographic variables, detailed occupational and medical history, and respiratory symptoms. Workers' exposure to silica dust was also determined. Results The mean frequency of workers’ exposure to silica dust was 6.3 times greater than its exposure limit. All pulmonary function parameters were significantly lower in the silica-exposed workers, and the difference between the two groups was still statistically significant after adjusting the potential confounding variables. FEV1 showed the greatest reduction, and FVC and FEV1 showed a significant decreasing trend. Also the prevalence of respiratory symptoms was significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers among silica-exposed workers. Conclusions Even in the absence of radiographic evidence of silicosis, exposure to high levels of silica dust is associated with reductions in pulmonary function. In the absence of radiological evidence of silicosis, progressive deterioration of FEV1 over time most likely indicates sub-radiological silicosis. The effects were associated with the severity and duration of exposure. Exposure to sub-TLV levels of silica dust may not affect pulmonary function. Smoking appears to have a synergistic effect in relatively high silica exposures.
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Yang Y, Wei S, Chu K, Li Q, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Xue L, Tian H, Tao S. Upregulation of autophagy in M2 macrophage by vitamin D alleviates crystalline silica-induced pulmonary inflammatory damage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112730. [PMID: 34478973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline silica (CS) is a universal environmental pollutant, which causes a typical inflammatory lung injury. Vitamin D shows huge potential against particles-induced lung injury, while little known about the molecular mechanism involved in macrophage autophagy. In this study, we aim to identify the protective effects of vitamin D on CS caused lung inflammatory injury and clarify the detail mechanism. After exposure to CS (3 mg/mice in 50 μl PBS), wildtype and Atg7flox/flox Lyz2-cre mice were treated with or without vitamin D3 (40,000 IU/kg). The results indicated that exposure to CS caused an obvious lung injury, manifesting as pathological structural changes, macrophage-dominated inflammatory cell infiltration and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Remarkably, these damages were more serious in Atg7flox/flox Lyz2-cre mice. Vitamin D was found to inverse CS-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and restored anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages by inducing autophagy, which attenuated lung injury, as determined by decreased levels of apoptosis and inflammatory response. While, this effects of vitamin D were slashed in Atg7flox/flox Lyz2-cre mice. This study reveals the adverse effect of CS on lung tissue and the protective mechanism of vitamin D involved in M2 macrophages autophagy, which attenuates CS-caused lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjing Yang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuhui Wei
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kaimiao Chu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qianmin Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yujia Zhou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Chongqing University Central Hospital & Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, No. 1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lian Xue
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hailin Tian
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shasha Tao
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; Chongqing University Central Hospital & Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, No. 1 Jiankang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Yang M, Wang D, Gan S, Wang B, Yu L, Xie Y, Fan L, Ma J, Chen W. Triiodothyronine ameliorates silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148041. [PMID: 34090168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to silica or particles is very common in natural, agricultural and industrial activities. Chronic silica exposure can lead to silicosis, which remains one of the most serious interstitial lung diseases all through the world, while viable therapeutic choices are restricted. Triiodothyronine (T3) has been shown to exert a defensive role in many pulmonary diseases, however, rare data are available regarding the role of T3 on silica-induced injury. We constructed an experimental silicosis mouse model and T3 was intraperitoneally administrated after instillation of silica to observe the effect of T3 on silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. Our results showed that the silicosis mouse model was accompanied by changes in thyroid morphology and function, and T3 supplement reduced silica-induced lung damage, inflammation and collagen deposition. The protective properties of T3 on silica-induced lung injury could be partially mediated through thyroid hormone receptors. And the mechanism by which T3 treatment ameliorated silica-induced fibrosis appeared to be via the reduction of glycolysis. Also, T3 could sufficiently postpone the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in established silicosis. Our findings reveal that administration of T3 could down-regulate the inflammatory response, pulmonary fibrosis and other lung damage caused by silica. The reduction of glycolysis may be one of the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiming Gan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yujia Xie
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lieyang Fan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Requena-Mullor M, Alarcón-Rodríguez R, Parrón-Carreño T, Martínez-López JJ, Lozano-Paniagua D, Hernández AF. Association between Crystalline Silica Dust Exposure and Silicosis Development in Artificial Stone Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115625. [PMID: 34070293 PMCID: PMC8197517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica (SiO2) is one of the most common and serious risks because of the health consequences for the workers involved. Silicosis is a progressive, irreversible, and incurable fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of respirable crystalline silica dust. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out to assess the occupational risk factors that may contribute to the onset of silicosis in workers carrying out work activities with the inhalation of silica compact dust. The study population consisted of 311 artificial stone workers from the province of Almeria (southeast of Spain). Among them, 64 were previously diagnosed with silicosis and the rest of the participants (n = 247 workers) were not diagnosed with such a disease. The workers showing a greater risk of developing silicosis were those who installed kitchen worktops at consumers’ homes, as they did not use face-masks or were not provided with personal protective equipment (PPE) by their business. The results of this study provide support for the evidence indicating that silicosis is a major emerging health concern for workers in the artificial stone sector. Exposure to crystalline silica dust thus can influence the development of silicosis in those cases where individual and collective protection measures are not used or adequately applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Requena-Mullor
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (T.P.-C.); (D.L.-P.)
| | - Raquel Alarcón-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (T.P.-C.); (D.L.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-950-214-606
| | - Tesifón Parrón-Carreño
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (T.P.-C.); (D.L.-P.)
| | | | - David Lozano-Paniagua
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (T.P.-C.); (D.L.-P.)
| | - Antonio F. Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 18080 Madrid, Spain
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Racial disparities in occupational risks and lung cancer incidence: Analysis of the National Lung Screening Trial. Prev Med 2021; 143:106355. [PMID: 33301822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between racial disparities in occupational risk and lung cancer diagnosis is not well defined. We examined occupational exposure to asbestos, silica, and other workplace chemicals, fumes, or dusts as reported in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were performed. Among the NLST study cohort, 3.9% were diagnosed with lung cancer. African-Americans had a higher rate of lung cancer diagnosis than White individuals (4.3% vs. 3.9%). About 28% reported at least one occupational exposure, including 6.5% exposed to silica and 4.7% to asbestos. African-Americans reported occupational exposure more frequently than White participants, including exposures to asbestos and silica. In a multivariate model, the interactions of all measures of occupational exposures and smoking status were significant. Current smokers with occupational exposures had higher odds of lung cancer diagnosis (aOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.76-2.30 for any exposure as well as higher odds after silica (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.89-2.91) or asbestos (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.52-2.56) exposure compared to former smokers without any exposures. African-Americans had higher odds of lung cancer diagnosis than White individuals (aOR = 1.24 to 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01-1.54). Our findings indicate that we need more effective public health prevention programs, especially for minorities who may have disproportionately greater occupational exposures due to socioeconomic constructs and barriers. Interventions may include education about occupational risks and lung cancer screening or instituting workplace policies for smoke-free environments with tobacco cessation support.
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Prevalent Health Problems among Nepalese Underground Construction Workers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:9436068. [PMID: 33488740 PMCID: PMC7787818 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9436068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Workplace is associated with exposure to various products, which can be associated with adverse health outcomes. It is true with underground construction work. This study calculated the prevalence of common health problems among Nepalese underground construction workers in comparison to heavy construction workers. This type of study is rare in the context of Nepal and other developing countries, and we hope that the findings will help to take precautions for the prevention of these conditions. Method It was a retrospective study based on the clinical record of outpatient cases and general health checkups of all Nepalese workers available at the Project clinic, Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project, Gongar, Bigu, Dolakha. We studied three hundred and ninety-eight workers. We used multipurpose analysis and conducted the Chi-square test and calculated correlations and odds ratios. Results Two hundred and sixteen (54.3%) participants worked inside the tunnel, and 182 (43.2%) participants worked outside the tunnel. Respiratory disease, mainly upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (23.4%), is the most common presentation among construction workers followed by injuries (16.7%). Injuries and hypertension were significantly higher in inside the tunnel workers, and acute gastroenteritis was significantly (p value <0.05) higher in outside the tunnel workers. Increasing age increased the chance of hypertension and cutaneous fungal infection among construction workers. Further studies are required for the analysis of risk factors associated with these health conditions. Conclusion Respiratory problems are the most common health problem in underground construction workers; however, injuries and hypertension were significantly higher in tunnel workers. Acute gastroenteritis was significantly higher among outside the tunnel workers. Workplace safety should be the priority of every construction site, especially focusing to prevent respiratory problems, injuries, and accidents.
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Hoy RF, Chambers DC. Silica-related diseases in the modern world. Allergy 2020; 75:2805-2817. [PMID: 31989662 DOI: 10.1111/all.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is an ancient and potentially fatal pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to respirable crystalline silica. Silicosis is historically a disease of miners; however, failure to recognize and control the risk associated with silica exposure in contemporary work practices such as sandblasting denim jeans and manufacturing of artificial stone benchtops has led to re-emergence of silicosis around the world. This review outlines the mineralogy, epidemiology, clinical and radiological features of the various forms of silicosis and other silica-associated diseases. Perspective is provided on the most recent studies shedding light on pathogenesis, including the central role of innate immune effector cells and subsequent inflammatory cascades in propagating pulmonary fibrosis and the extrapulmonary manifestations, which uniquely characterize this pneumoconiosis. Clinical conundrums in differential diagnosis, particularly between silicosis and sarcoidosis, are highlighted, as is the importance of obtaining a careful occupational history in the patient presenting with pulmonary infiltrates and/or fibrosis. While silicosis is a completely preventable disease, unfortunately workers around the world continue to be affected and experience progressive or even fatal disease. Although no treatments have been proven, opportunities to intervene to prevent progressive disease, founded in a thorough cellular and molecular understanding of the immunopathology of silicosis, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F. Hoy
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne VIC. Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Alfred Hospital Melbourne VIC. Australia
| | - Daniel C. Chambers
- School of Clinical Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
- Queensland Lung Transplant Program The Prince Charles Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia
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Souza TP, Souza R, Watte G, de Souza JA, Moreira JDS, Knorst MM. Lung function and functional exercise capacity in underground semi-precious stone mineworkers. Work 2020; 66:193-200. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-203163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Patrícia Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Rafaela Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Watte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | | | - José da Silva Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Marli Maria Knorst
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Wang D, Yang M, Liu Y, Ma J, Shi T, Chen W. Association of Silica Dust Exposure and Cigarette Smoking With Mortality Among Mine and Pottery Workers in China. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e202787. [PMID: 32286660 PMCID: PMC7156992 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The joint association of long-term silica dust exposure and cigarette smoking with mortality has not been well established. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the joint association of silica dust exposure and cigarette smoking with mortality in a large cohort of workers at mines and factories in China. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study included 44 708 adults who were employed in 20 metal mines and 9 pottery factories in central and southern China for at least 1 year between January 1, 1960, and December 31, 1974. Participants were retrospectively followed up to January 1, 1960, and prospectively followed up to December 31, 2003. Data analysis was conducted from April 5, 2019, to October 26, 2019. EXPOSURES Cumulative respirable silica dust exposure was estimated by linking a job-exposure matrix to participants' personal work histories. Cigarette smoking data were collected through participant questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was mortality, with codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) used to categorize diseases associated with mortality. RESULTS Among 44 708 participants, 38 221 (85.49%) were men, with a mean (SD) age at cohort entrance of 26.9 (8.1) years. A total of 13 700 deaths were observed during 1 534 005 person-years of follow-up, with a median follow-up period of 34.9 years (range, 4.8-43.9 years). Silica exposure was associated with a higher risk of mortality among individuals with all diseases, lung cancer, respiratory tuberculosis, cardiovascular diseases, and diseases of the respiratory system; cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of mortality among individuals with all diseases, lung cancer, respiratory tuberculosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and diseases of the respiratory tract. The hazard ratios for the joint association of silica dust exposure and cigarette smoking with mortality were 4.51 (95% CI, 3.23-6.29) for lung cancer, 3.21 (95% CI, 2.53-4.08) for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, 3.93 (95% CI, 2.99-5.15) for respiratory tuberculosis, 6.27 (95% CI, 4.83-8.15) for diseases of the respiratory system, and 12.52 (95% CI, 7.92-19.80) for pneumoconiosis, with a significant additive interaction (P < .001). The proportions of the joint association for the additive interaction of silica dust exposure and cigarette smoking were 21.63% for lung cancer, 42.12% for certain infectious and parasitic diseases, 42.25% for respiratory tuberculosis, 29.55% for diseases of the respiratory system, and 36.46% for pneumoconiosis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of mortality in individuals exposed to silica dust. Smoking cessation and the control of silica dust concentrations may be important for reducing the risk of mortality among individuals exposed to silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingming Shi
- Institute of Health Surveillance, Analysis and Protection, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Li X, Cao X, Guo M, Xie M, Liu X. Trends and risk factors of mortality and disability adjusted life years for chronic respiratory diseases from 1990 to 2017: systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. BMJ 2020; 368:m234. [PMID: 32075787 PMCID: PMC7190065 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the temporal and spatial trends of mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to chronic respiratory diseases, by age and sex, across the world during 1990-2017 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. DESIGN Systematic analysis. DATA SOURCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. METHODS Mortality and DALYs from chronic respiratory diseases were estimated from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. The estimated annual percentage change of the age standardised mortality rate was calculated using a generalised linear model with a Gaussian distribution. Mortality and DALYs were stratified according to the Socio-demographic index. The strength and direction of the association between the Socio-demographic index and mortality rate were measured using the Spearman rank order correlation. Risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases were analysed from exposure data. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2017, the total number of deaths due to chronic respiratorydiseases increased by 18.0%, from 3.32 (95% uncertainty interval 3.01 to 3.43) million in 1990 to 3.91 (3.79 to 4.04) million in 2017. The age standardised mortality rate of chronic respiratory diseases decreased by an average of 2.41% (2.28% to 2.55%) annually. During the 27 years, the annual decline in mortality rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 2.36%, uncertainty interval 2.21% to 2.50%) and pneumoconiosis (2.56%, 2.44% to 2.68%) has been slow, whereas the mortality rate for interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis (0.97%, 0.92% to 1.03%) has increased. Reductions in DALYs for asthma and pneumoconiosis have been seen, but DALYs due to COPD, and interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased. Mortality and the annual change in mortality rate due to chronic respiratory diseases varied considerably across 195 countries. Assessment of the factors responsible for regional variations in mortality and DALYs and the unequal distribution of improvements during the 27 years showed negative correlations between the Socio-demographic index and the mortality rates of COPD, pneumoconiosis, and asthma. Regions with a low Socio-demographic index had the highest mortality and DALYs. Smoking remained the major risk factor for mortality due to COPD and asthma. Pollution from particulate matter was the major contributor to deaths from COPD in regions with a low Socio-demographic index. Since 2013, a high body mass index has become the principal risk factor for asthma. CONCLUSIONS Regions with a low Socio-demographic index had the greatest burden of disease. The estimated contribution of risk factors (such as smoking, environmental pollution, and a high body mass index) to mortality and DALYs supports the need for urgent efforts to reduce exposure to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Wuhan, China
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Influences of Nanoparticles Characteristics on the Cellular Responses: The Example of Iron Oxide and Macrophages. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020266. [PMID: 32033329 PMCID: PMC7075185 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles/microparticles are widely present in a variety of environments, e.g., as a byproduct of steel and iron degradation, as, for example, in railway brakes (e.g., metro station) or in welding fumes. As all particulate material, these metallic nanoparticles are taken up by macrophages, a cell type playing a key role in the innate immune response, including pathogen removal phagocytosis, secretion of free radical species such as nitric oxide or by controlling inflammation via cytokine release. In this paper, we evaluated how macrophages functions were altered by two iron based particles of different size (100 nm and 20 nm). We showed that at high, but subtoxic concentrations (1 mg/mL, large nanoparticles induced stronger perturbations in macrophages functions such as phagocytic capacity (tested with fluorescent latex microspheres) and the ability to respond to bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide stimulus (LPS) in secreting nitric oxide and pro-cytokines (e.g., Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)). These stronger effects may correlate with an observed stronger uptake of iron for the larger nanoparticles.
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Liu K, Mu M, Fang K, Qian Y, Xue S, Hu W, Ye M. Occupational exposure to silica and risk of heart disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e029653. [PMID: 31915156 PMCID: PMC6955526 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To search for evidence of the relationship between occupational silica exposure and heart disease. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests a relationship between occupational silica exposure and heart disease; however, the link between them is less clear. DATA SOURCES PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer and EMBASE were searched for articles published between 1 January 1995 and 20 June 2019. Articles that investigated the effects of occupational silica exposure on the risk of heart disease were considered. STUDY SELECTION We included cohort studies, including prospective, retrospective and retroprospective studies. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS We extracted data using a piloted data collection form and conducted random-effects meta-analysis and exposure-response analysis. The meta-relative risk (meta-RR), a measure of the average ratio of heart disease rates in those with and without silica exposure, was used as an inverse variance-weighted average of relative risks from the individual studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies was used for study quality assessment. OUTCOME MEASURE We calculated the risk of heart diseases such as pulmonary heart disease, ischaemic heart disease and others. RESULTS Twenty cohort studies were included. The results suggest a significant increase in the risk of overall heart disease (meta-RR=1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13). Stronger evidence of association with pulmonary heart disease was found in the risk estimate of both categories of heart disease (meta-RR=1.24, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.43) and in the exposure-response analysis (meta-RR=1.39, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.62). Our subgroup analyses also revealed that the statistical heterogeneity among studies could be attributed mainly to the diversity in reference group, occupation and study quality score. CONCLUSIONS Silica-exposed workers are at an increased risk for overall heart disease, especially pulmonary heart disease. Further research is needed to better clarify the relationship between occupational silica exposure and ischaemic heart disease. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019124673.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Biomarkers and Molecular Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Min Mu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, China
| | - Kehong Fang
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Department of Biomarkers and Molecular Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijiang Hu
- Department of Occupational Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Biomarkers and Molecular Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Bukovitz B, Meiman J, Anderson H, Brooks EG. Silicosis: Diagnosis and Medicolegal Implications. J Forensic Sci 2019; 64:1389-1398. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Bukovitz
- School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin 750 Highland Ave Madison WI 53726
| | - Jonathan Meiman
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health 1 West Wilson Street Madison WI 53703
| | - Henry Anderson
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Health 1 West Wilson Street Madison WI 53703
| | - Erin G. Brooks
- School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin 750 Highland Ave Madison WI 53726
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Feng L, Yang X, Shi Y, Liang S, Zhao T, Duan J, Sun Z. Co-exposure subacute toxicity of silica nanoparticles and lead acetate on cardiovascular system. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7819-7834. [PMID: 30538461 PMCID: PMC6257131 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s185259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The harmful effects following the release of nanomaterials into environment are of great concern today. Purpose In this study, subacute effect due to co-exposure to low-dose silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and lead acetate (Pb) on cardiovascular system was detected in Sprague Dawley male rats. Materials and Methods Histopathological and ultrastructural changes of heart, aortic arch and abdominal aorta were detected. Blood routine and blood biochemistry examinations were used to show the changes of blood components. The fibrinolytic and plasmin factors, inflammation-related factors and myocardial-related enzyme in serum were analysised by ELISA and Western blot assay. Results Histopathological and ultrastructural examination of heart, aortic arch, and abdominal aorta showed that serious damage occurred in co-exposure group (n=6/group). Blood routine examination showed that leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia increased markedly, while changes in the erythrocyte count were not obvious in the co-exposure group. The expression of alanine transaminase (ALT) decreased obviously in co-exposure group, while no significant changes were noted in the expression of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the co-exposure group on blood biochemistry analysis. In addition, data from ELISA analysis showed that the levels of fibrinolytic and plasmin factors, including thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), and antithrombin III (AT III), were decreased, while those of human fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer (D2D) increased significantly in the co-exposure group. Moreover, the myocardial-related enzyme in serum, tested by ELISA, and cardiovascular-related protein expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide, tested by Western blot assay, was increased in the heart. Furthermore, the expression of inflammation factors such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was increased in heart tissue subjected to combined exposure, which was manifested by Western blot assay, while the protein levels of angiotensin II (ANG II) and endothelin 1 were (ET-1) elevated in blood vessels in the co-exposure group. Conclusion In conclusion, the major interactions involved in subacute toxicity due to co-exposure to low doses of SiNPs and Pb on cardiovascular system were expected to be additive and synergistic in nature. Co-exposure to SiNPs and Pb could aggravate the cardiovascular toxicity via endothelial damage, hypercoagulation, and cardiac injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ; .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ;
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ; .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ;
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ; .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ;
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ; .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ;
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ; .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ;
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ; .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ;
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ; .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China, ;
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Chen S, Li X, Lv H, Wen X, Ding Q, Xue N, Su H, Chen H. Prognostic Dynamic Nomogram Integrated with Inflammation-Based Factors for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infection. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1813-1821. [PMID: 30443185 PMCID: PMC6231224 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays an important role in tumor progression. The aim of this study was to develop an effective predictive dynamic nomogram integrated with inflammation-based factors to predict overall survival (OS) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection. We retrospectively analyzed NSCLC patients with HBV infection from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between 2008 and 2010. Univariate and multivariate Cox survival analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors associated with OS of patients. All of the independent prognostic factors were utilized to build the dynamic nomogram. The predictive accuracy of the dynamic nomogram was evaluated concordance index (C-index), decision curve analysis and were compared with previous reported model and traditional TNM staging system. According to the total points (TPS) by dynamic nomogram, we further stratified patients into different risk groups. A total of 203 patients were included. Multivariate Cox analysis showed TNM stage (P = 0.019), treatment (P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (P = 0.020) and platelet (P = 0.012) were independent prognostic factors of OS. The dynamic nomogram was established by involving all the factors above. The C-index of dynamic nomogram for predicting OS was 0.76 (95%CI: 0.72-0.80), which was statistically higher than that of traditional TNM staging system (0.70, 95%CI: 0.66-0.74, P<0.001). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the dynamic nomogram was better than the TNM staging system. The predictive accuracy of the current model keeping almost the same accuracy as previous one. Based on the total points (TPS) of dynamic nomogram, we divided the patients into 3 subgroups: low risk (TPS ≤ 107), intermediate risk (107< TPS ≤ 149), and high risk (TPS > 149). The differences of OS rates were significant in the subgroups. We propose a novel dynamic nomogram model based on inflammatory prognostic factors that is highly predictive of OS in NSCLC patients with HBV infection and outperforms the traditional TNM staging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang City Pepole's Hospital, Guigang, 537100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wen
- Department of Urology , the First Municipal Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510180 , P. R. China
| | - Qiuying Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450100, P. R. China
| | - Hongkai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
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