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Luo JR, Long W, Chen ZX, Wang SM, Zeng YX, Lu YJ, Zheng BX, She MT, Wong WL. Live Cell Imaging and Real-Time Monitoring of Nucleolus Morphology and Mitophagy with a Red Fluorescent and Photostable rRNA-Specific Probe in Human Cancer Cells. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1545-1554. [PMID: 38450702 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
rRNAs are prevalent in living organisms. They are produced in nucleolus and mitochondria and play essential cellular functions. In addition to the primary biofunction in protein synthesis, rRNAs have been recognized as the emerging signaling molecule and drug target for studies on nucleolus morphology, mitochondrial autophagy, and tumor cell malignancy. Currently, only a few rRNA-selective probes have been developed, and most of them encounter the drawbacks of low water solubility, poor nuclear membrane permeability, short emission wavelength, low stability against photobleaching, and high cytotoxicity. These unfavorable properties of rRNA probes limit their potential applications. In the present study, we reported a new rRNA-selective and near-infrared fluorescent turn-on probe, 4MPS-TO, capable of tracking rRNA in live human cancer cells. The real-time monitoring performance in nucleolus morphology and mitochondrial autophagy is demonstrated in HeLa cells. The probe shows great application potential for being used as a rRNA-selective, sensitive, and photostable imaging tool in chemical biology study and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ren Luo
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Xin Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Min Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Xun Zeng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Meng-Ting She
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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Gao L, Huang M, Xiong Q, Liang Y, Mi L, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Antibacterial Mechanism, Control Efficiency, and Nontarget Toxicity Evaluation of Actinomycin X 2 against Xanthomonas citri Subsp. citri. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4788-4800. [PMID: 38377546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the antibacterial mechanism, control efficiency, and nontarget toxicity of actinomycin X2 (Act-X2) against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) for the first time. Act-X2 almost completely inhibited the proliferation of Xcc in the growth curve assay at a concentration of 0.25 MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC = 31.25 μg/mL). This inhibitory effect was achieved by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), blocking the formation of biofilms, obstructing the synthesis of intracellular proteins, and decreasing the enzymatic activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) of Xcc. Molecular docking and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis results indicated that Act-X2 steadily bonded to the RNA polymerase, ribosome, malate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase to inhibit their activities, thus drastically reducing the expression levels of related genes. Act-X2 showed far more effectiveness than the commercially available pesticide Cu2(OH)3Cl in the prevention and therapy of citrus canker disease. Furthermore, the nontarget toxicity evaluation demonstrated that Act-X2 was not phytotoxic to citrus trees and exhibited minimal toxicity to earthworms in both contact and soil toxic assays. This study suggests that Act-X2 has the potential as an effective and environmentally friendly antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qin Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lanfang Mi
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Xu R, Wang Y, Kuang Y. Multi-omic analyses of m5C readers reveal their characteristics and immunotherapeutic proficiency. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1651. [PMID: 38238581 PMCID: PMC10796763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a post-transcriptional RNA modification identified, m5C readers can specifically identify and bind to m5C. ALYREF and YBX1 as members of m5C readers that have garnered increasing attention in cancer research. However, comprehensive analysis of their molecular functions across pancancer are lacking. Using the TCGA and GTEx databases, we investigated the expression levels and prognostic values of ALYREF and YBX1. Additionally, we assessed the tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint-related genes, immunomodulators, Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score and drug resistance of ALYREF and YBX1. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analyses were performed to investigate the potential functions associated with m5C readers and coexpressed genes. Aberrant expression of ALYREF and YBX1 was observed and positively associated with prognosis in KIRP, LGG and LIHC. Furthermore, the expression levels of ALYREF and YBX1 were significantly correlated with immune infiltration of the tumor microenvironment and immune-related modulators. Last, our analysis revealed significant correlations between ALYREF, YBX1 and eIFs. Our study provides a substantial understanding of m5C readers and the intricate relationship between ALYREF, YBX1, eIFs, and mRNA dynamics. Through multidimensional analysis of immune infiltration and drug sensitivity/resistance in ALYREF and YBX1, we propose a possibility for combined modality therapy utilizing m5C readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Development Planning, International Medical Opening-up Pilot Zone (China), Fangchenggang, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Ye Kuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yan'An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Rai S, Singh MP, Srivastava S. Integrated Analysis Identifies Novel Fusion Transcripts in Laterally Spreading Tumors Suggestive of Distinct Etiology Than Colorectal Cancers. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:913-926. [PMID: 36480069 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) of the colon and rectum are a class of abnormality which spreads laterally and appears ulcerated. They are a subclass of colorectal cancer (CRCs) with higher invasive potential than CRCs. Moreover, the etiology of LST still remains obscure. METHODS This study aimed to identify unique fusion transcript(s) in LSTs and evaluate their role in LST development and progression. RNA-Seq data for LST samples from the EMBL-EBI database were used to identify fusion transcripts. An integrated approach using Gene Ontology, pathway analysis, hub gene, and co-expression network analysis functionally characterized fusion transcripts to shed light upon the etiology of LSTs. RESULT We identified 48 unique fusion genes in LSTs. GO terms were enriched in mRNA metabolic (p ≤ 2.06E-06), mRNA stabilization (p ≤ 1.60E-05), in cytosol (1.20E-05), RBP (p ≤ 2.30E-04), and RNA binding activity (p ≤ 3.51E-08) processes. Pathway analysis revealed an inflammatory phenotype of LSTs suggesting a distinct etiology than CRCs as pathways were enriched in salmonella infection (p ≤ 4.41 e-03), proteoglycans in cancer (p ≤ 1.18 e-02), and insulin signaling (p ≤ 2.13 e-02). Our exclusion and inclusion criteria and hub gene analysis finally identified 9 hub genes. Co-expression analysis of hub genes identified the most significant transcription factors (NELFE, MYC, TAF1, MAX) and kinases (MAPK14, CSNK2A1, CDK1, MAPK1) which were implicated in various cancer pathways. Furthermore, an overall survival analysis of hub genes was performed. Our predefined criterion resulted in the enrichment of NPM1-PTMA (NPM1: p ≤ 0.005) and HIST1H2BO-YBX1 (YBX1: p ≤ 0.02) fusion transcripts, significantly associated with the patient's overall survival. CONCLUSION Our systematic analysis resulted in novel fusion genes in LSTs suggesting a different etiology than CRCs. Fusion transcripts were observed more frequently in non-granular LSTs suggestive of genetically more unstable than granular LST. We hypothesize that NPM1-PTMA and HIST1H2BO-YBX1 could be implicated in LST development and progression and may also serve as a prognostic or diagnostic biomarker in future for better management of LSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, Prayagraj, India
| | - Manish Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, Prayagraj, India
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, Lucknow, India
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, Prayagraj, India.
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Satange R, Chang CC, Li L, Lin SH, Neidle S, Hou MH. Synergistic binding of actinomycin D and echinomycin to DNA mismatch sites and their combined anti-tumour effects. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:3540-3555. [PMID: 36919604 PMCID: PMC10164580 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination cancer chemotherapy is one of the most useful treatment methods to achieve a synergistic effect and reduce the toxicity of dosing with a single drug. Here, we use a combination of two well-established anticancer DNA intercalators, actinomycin D (ActD) and echinomycin (Echi), to screen their binding capabilities with DNA duplexes containing different mismatches embedded within Watson-Crick base-pairs. We have found that combining ActD and Echi preferentially stabilised thymine-related T:T mismatches. The enhanced stability of the DNA duplex-drug complexes is mainly due to the cooperative binding of the two drugs to the mismatch duplex, with many stacking interactions between the two different drug molecules. Since the repair of thymine-related mismatches is less efficient in mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancer cells, we have also demonstrated that the combination of ActD and Echi exhibits enhanced synergistic effects against MMR-deficient HCT116 cells and synergy is maintained in a MMR-related MLH1 gene knockdown in SW620 cells. We further accessed the clinical potential of the two-drug combination approach with a xenograft mouse model of a colorectal MMR-deficient cancer, which has resulted in a significant synergistic anti-tumour effect. The current study provides a novel approach for the development of combination chemotherapy for the treatment of cancers related to DNA-mismatches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Satange
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung402, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung402, Taiwan
| | - Long‐Yuan Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung402, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hao Lin
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung402, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
- Departement of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung402, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Neidle
- The School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Ming-Hon Hou
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung402, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung402, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung402, Taiwan
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Agarwal P, Glowacka A, Mahmoud L, Bazzar W, Larsson LG, Alzrigat M. MYCN Amplification Is Associated with Reduced Expression of Genes Encoding γ-Secretase Complex and NOTCH Signaling Components in Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8141. [PMID: 37175848 PMCID: PMC10179553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification of the MYCN oncogene is found in ~20% of neuroblastoma (NB) cases and correlates with high-risk disease and poor prognosis. Despite the plethora of studies describing the role of MYCN in NB, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying MYCN's contribution to high-risk disease are not completely understood. Herein, we implemented an integrative approach combining publicly available RNA-Seq and MYCN ChIP-Seq datasets derived from human NB cell lines to define biological processes directly regulated by MYCN in NB. Our approach revealed that MYCN-amplified NB cell lines, when compared to non-MYCN-amplified cell lines, are characterized by reduced expression of genes involved in NOTCH receptor processing, axoneme assembly, and membrane protein proteolysis. More specifically, we found genes encoding members of the γ-secretase complex, which is known for its ability to liberate several intracellular signaling molecules from membrane-bound proteins such as NOTCH receptors, to be down-regulated in MYCN-amplified NB cell lines. Analysis of MYCN ChIP-Seq data revealed an enrichment of MYCN binding at the transcription start sites of genes encoding γ-secretase complex subunits. Notably, using publicly available gene expression data from NB primary tumors, we revealed that the expression of γ-secretase subunits encoding genes and other components of the NOTCH signaling pathway was also reduced in MYCN-amplified tumors and correlated with worse overall survival in NB patients. Genetic or pharmacological depletion of MYCN in NB cell lines induced the expression of γ-secretase genes and NOTCH-target genes. Chemical inhibition of γ-secretase activity dampened the expression of NOTCH-target genes upon MYCN depletion in NB cells. In conclusion, this study defines a set of MYCN-regulated pathways that are specific to MYCN-amplified NB tumors, and it suggests a novel role for MYCN in the suppression of genes of the γ-secretase complex, with an impact on the NOTCH-target gene expression in MYCN-amplified NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasoon Agarwal
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Glowacka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Loay Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wesam Bazzar
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars-Gunnar Larsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Alzrigat
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Wang Z, Gao H. Anti-inflammatory or anti-SARS-CoV-2 ingredients in Huashi Baidu Decoction and their corresponding targets: Target screening and molecular docking study. ARAB J CHEM 2023; 16:104663. [PMID: 36816510 PMCID: PMC9928610 DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Inflammatory factors may play essential roles in COVID-19 progression. Huashi Baidu Decoction (HSBD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that can expel cold, dispel dampness, and reduce inflammation. HSBD has been widely used for the treatment of COVID-19. However, the active ingredients and potential targets for HSBD to exert anti-inflammatory or anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects remain unclear. In this paper, the active ingredients with anti-inflammatory or anti-viral effects in HSBD and their potential targets were screened using the Discovery Studio 2020 software. By overlapping the targets of HSBD and COVID-19, 8 common targets (FYN, SFTPD, P53, RBP4, IL1RN, TTR, SRPK1, and AKT1) were identified. We determined 2 key targets (P53 and AKT1) by network pharmacology. The main active ingredients in HSBD were evaluated using the key targets as receptor proteins for molecular docking. The results suggested that the best active ingredients Kaempferol2 and Kaempferol3 have the potential as supplements for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Corresponding author at: Prof Hongwei Gao: School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
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Muraro E, Vinante L, Fratta E, Bearz A, Höfler D, Steffan A, Baboci L. Metronomic Chemotherapy: Anti-Tumor Pathways and Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2471. [PMID: 37173937 PMCID: PMC10177461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence pinpoints metronomic chemotherapy, a frequent and low dose drug administration with no prolonged drug-free intervals, as a potential tool to fight certain types of cancers. The primary identified targets of metronomic chemotherapy were the tumor endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis. After this, metronomic chemotherapy has been shown to efficiently target the heterogeneous population of tumor cells and, more importantly, elicit the innate and adaptive immune system reverting the "cold" to "hot" tumor immunologic phenotype. Although metronomic chemotherapy is primarily used in the context of a palliative setting, with the development of new immunotherapeutic drugs, a synergistic therapeutic role of the combined metronomic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors has emerged at both the preclinical and clinical levels. However, some aspects, such as the dose and the most effective scheduling, still remain unknown and need further investigation. Here, we summarize what is currently known of the underlying anti-tumor effects of the metronomic chemotherapy, the importance of the optimal therapeutic dose and time-exposure, and the potential therapeutic effect of the combined administration of metronomic chemotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Muraro
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.M.); (E.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Vinante
- Radiation Oncology Department, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.M.); (E.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Bearz
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Daniela Höfler
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.M.); (E.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Lorena Baboci
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.M.); (E.F.); (A.S.)
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Gonzalez-Morena JM, Escudeiro-Lopes S, Ferreira-Mendes JM, Jakoube P, Cutano V, Vinaixa-Forner J, Kralova Viziova P, Hartmanova A, Sedlacek R, Machado S, Malcekova B, Keckesova Z. LACTB induces cancer cell death through the activation of the intrinsic caspase-independent pathway in breast cancer. Apoptosis 2023; 28:186-198. [PMID: 36282364 PMCID: PMC9950249 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LACTB was recently identified as a mitochondrial tumour suppressor that negatively affects cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell death and/or differentiation, depending on the cell type and tissue. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the LACTB-induced cancer cell death is largely unknown. METHODS We used cell-based, either in 2D or 3D conditions, and in vivo experiments to understand the LACTB mechanisms. In this regard, protein array followed by an enrichment analysis, cell proliferation assays using different compounds, western blot analysis, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were performed. Differences between quantitative variables following normal distribution were valuated using Student t test for paired or no-paired samples according to the experiment. For in vivo experiments differences in tumour growth were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS We show, that LACTB expression leads to cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and increase of DNA oxidation that leads to activation of intrinsic caspase-independent cell death pathway. This is achieved by an increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species since early time points of LACTB induction. CONCLUSION Our work provides a deeper mechanistic insight into LACTB-mediated cancer-cell death and shows the dynamics of the cellular responses a particular tumor suppressive stimulus might evoke under different genetic landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Gonzalez-Morena
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Escudeiro-Lopes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pavel Jakoube
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina Cutano
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Judith Vinaixa-Forner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kralova Viziova
- The Czech Center for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Hartmanova
- The Czech Center for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- The Czech Center for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Machado
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Beata Malcekova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Keckesova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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10
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Zamani B, Ramazani A, Saberzadeh J, Rostampour P, Takhshid MA. The effect of Annexin A5 overexpression on invasiveness and expression of the genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HCT 116 cell line. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 12:77-85. [PMID: 37520464 PMCID: PMC10382902 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2023.47160.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of annexin A5 (ANXA5) overexpression on invasiveness as well as the expression of genes involved in EMT of HCT 116 cell line. PCMV6-AC-IRES-GFP plasmid harboring ANXA5 cDNA was constructed. HCT 116 cell line was transfected with recombinant plasmids using Lipofectamine 3000. Fluorescent microscopy was used to determine the efficiency of plasmid transfection. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. HCT 116 cell migration was evaluated using wound healing assay and transwell migration assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of genes involved in EMT. The results of RT-qPCR showed overexpression of ANXA5 compared to the control group. ANXA5 overexpression had no significant effects on cell viability but significantly decreased the rate of wound closure in the wound healing assay as well as the number of migrated cells in transwell assay. Furthermore, ANXA5 overexpression decreased the expression of N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, MMP-2, and MMP-9 while the expression of E-cadherin increased following ANXA5 overexpression. However, VEGF expression did not significantly change after ANXA5 overexpression. Results of the present study suggest that ANXA5 overexpression might have inhibitory effects on the metastasis of CRC through modulating the expression of EMT- related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Zamani
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Ramazani
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamileh Saberzadeh
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Puria Rostampour
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Takhshid
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Paramedical School, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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Wang S, Li T, Wang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang L. 5-Fluorouracil and actinomycin D lead to erythema multiforme drug eruption in chemotherapy of invasive mole: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31678. [PMID: 36451432 PMCID: PMC9704884 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and actinomycin D (ActD) are often used in chemotherapy for various cancers. Side effects are more common in bone marrow suppression, liver function impairment, and gastrointestinal responses. Skin effects are rare and easy to be ignored by doctors and patients, which can lead to life-threatening consequence. PATIENT CONCERNS We reported a 45-year-old woman patient developed skin erythema and fingernail belt in chemotherapy of 5-FU and ActD. DIAGNOSIS Erythema multiforme drug eruption. INTERVENTIONS Laboratory tests including blood and urine routine, liver and kidney function, electrolytes and coagulation function and close observation. OUTCOMES The rash was gone and the nail change returned. LESSONS Delays in diagnosis or treatment may lead to serious consequence. We should pay attention to the dosage of 5-FU and ActD, monitor adverse reactions strictly, to reduce occurrence of skin malignant events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Departments of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Departments of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Departments of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yibin Liu
- Departments of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Departments of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Departments of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- * Correspondence: Lijuan Zhang, Departments of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China (e-mail: )
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12
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Poonaki E, Kahlert UD, Meuth SG, Gorji A. The role of the ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis in CNS disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:275. [PMCID: PMC9675144 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a master modulator of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby epithelial cells undergo a series of molecular changes and express certain characteristics of mesenchymal cells. ZEB1, in association with other EMT transcription factors, promotes neuroinflammation through changes in the production of inflammatory mediators, the morphology and function of immune cells, and multiple signaling pathways that mediate the inflammatory response. The ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of different CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and neuropathic pain, by promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasiveness, formation of the hostile inflammatory micromilieu surrounding neuronal tissues, dysfunction of microglia and astrocytes, impairment of angiogenesis, and dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier. Future studies are needed to elucidate whether the ZEB1–neuroinflammation axis could serve as a diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic target for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Poonaki
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany ,grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Transplantation Surgery, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany ,grid.512981.60000 0004 0612 1380Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Dicks LMT, Vermeulen W. Do Bacteria Provide an Alternative to Cancer Treatment and What Role Does Lactic Acid Bacteria Play? Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091733. [PMID: 36144335 PMCID: PMC9501580 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. According to 2022 statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), close to 10 million deaths have been reported in 2020 and it is estimated that the number of cancer cases world-wide could increase to 21.6 million by 2030. Breast, lung, thyroid, pancreatic, liver, prostate, bladder, kidney, pelvis, colon, and rectum cancers are the most prevalent. Each year, approximately 400,000 children develop cancer. Treatment between countries vary, but usually includes either surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. Modern treatments such as hormone-, immuno- and antibody-based therapies are becoming increasingly popular. Several recent reports have been published on toxins, antibiotics, bacteriocins, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, phenylpropanoids, phenylflavonoids, purine nucleosides, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and enzymes with anticancer properties. Most of these molecules target cancer cells in a selective manner, either directly or indirectly through specific pathways. This review discusses the role of bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria, and their metabolites in the treatment of cancer.
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14
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Mazurkiewicz J, Simiczyjew A, Dratkiewicz E, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Majkowski M, Kot M, Ziętek M, Matkowski R, Nowak D. Melanoma cells with diverse invasive potential differentially induce the activation of normal human fibroblasts. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:63. [PMID: 35538545 PMCID: PMC9092709 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment consists of stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and physicochemical properties (e.g., oxygenation, acidification). An important element of the tumor niche are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). They may constitute up to 80% of the tumor mass and share some features with myofibroblasts involved in the process of wound healing. CAFs can facilitate cancer progression. However, their interaction with melanoma cells is still poorly understood.
Methods We obtained CAFs using conditioned media derived from primary and metastatic melanoma cells, and via co-culture with melanoma cells on Transwell inserts. Using 2D and 3D wound healing assays and Transwell invasion method we evaluated CAFs’ motile activities, while coverslips with FITC-labeled gelatin, gelatin zymography, and fluorescence-based activity assay were employed to determine the proteolytic activity of the examined cells. Western Blotting method was used for the identification of CAFs’ markers as well as estimation of the mediators of MMPs’ (matrix metalloproteinases) expression levels. Lastly, CAFs’ secretome was evaluated with cytokine and angiogenesis proteomic arrays, and lactate chemiluminescence-based assay. Results Acquired FAP-α/IL6-positive CAFs exhibited elevated motility expressed as increased migration and invasion ratio, as well as higher proteolytic activity (area of digestion, MMP2, MMP14). Furthermore, fibroblasts activated by melanoma cells showed upregulation of the MMPs’ expression mediators’ levels (pERK, p-p38, CD44, RUNX), enhanced secretion of lactate, several cytokines (IL8, IL6, CXCL1, CCL2, ICAM1), and proteins related to angiogenesis (GM-CSF, DPPIV, VEGFA, PIGF). Conclusions Observed changes in CAFs’ biology were mainly driven by highly aggressive melanoma cells (A375, WM9, Hs294T) compared to the less aggressive WM1341D cells and could promote melanoma invasion, as well as impact inflammation, angiogenesis, and acidification of the tumor niche. Interestingly, different approaches to CAFs acquisition seem to complement each other showing interactions between studied cells. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00871-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewelina Dratkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Michał Majkowski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kot
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wrocław, Poland.,Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wrocław, Poland.,Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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15
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Wang H, Yang L, Liu M, Luo J. Protein post-translational modifications in the regulation of cancer hallmarks. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 30:529-547. [PMID: 35393571 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, the major mechanism of protein function regulation, play important roles in regulating a variety of cellular physiological and pathological processes. Although the classical PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and methylation, have been well studied, the emergence of many new modifications, such as succinylation, hydroxybutyrylation, and lactylation, introduces a new layer to protein regulation, leaving much more to be explored and wide application prospects. In this review, we will provide a broad overview of the significant roles of PTMs in regulating human cancer hallmarks through selecting a diverse set of examples, and update the current advances in the therapeutic implications of these PTMs in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Liqian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
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16
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Guo G, Tan Z, Liu Y, Shi F, She J. The therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in the ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:138. [PMID: 35365226 PMCID: PMC8973885 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is a novel treatment strategy for cancer and a wide range of diseases with an excessive immune response such as ulcerative colitis (UC), due to its powerful immunomodulatory properties and its capacity for tissue regeneration and repair. One of the promising therapeutic options can focus on MSC-secreted exosomes (MSC-Exo), which have been identified as a type of paracrine interaction. In light of a wide variety of recent experimental studies, the present review aims to seek the recent research advances of therapies based on the MSC-Exo for treating UC and colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed from inception to December 2021 using the terms [("colorectal cancer" OR "bowel cancer" OR "colon cancer" OR "rectal cancer") AND (exosome) AND (stem cell) AND ("inflammatory bowel disease" OR "Crohn's disease" OR "colitis")] in titles and abstracts. FINDINGS Exosomes derived from various sources of MSCs, including human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs), human adipose-derived MSCs (hAD-MSCs), human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs), and olfactory ecto-MSCs (OE-MSCs), have shown the protective role against UC and CRC. Exosomes from hUC-MSCs, hBM-MSCs, AD-MSCs, and OE-MSCs have been found to ameliorate the experimental UC through suppressing inflammatory cells including macrophages, Th1/Th17 cells, reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as inducing the anti-inflammatory function of Treg and Th2 cells and enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, hBM-MSC-Exo and hUC-MSC-Exo containing tumor-suppressive miRs (miR-3940-5p/miR-22-3p/miR-16-5p) have been shown to suppress proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells via regulation of RAP2B/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and ITGA2/ITGA6. KEY MESSAGES The MSC-Exo can exert beneficial effects on UC and CRC through two different mechanisms including modulating immune responses and inducing anti-tumor responses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
- Department of Talent Highland, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Zhaobang Tan
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Feiyu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Junjun She
- Center for Gut Microbiome Research, Med-X Institute Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
- Department of Talent Highland, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
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Context-dependent activation of p53 target genes and induction of apoptosis by actinomycin D in aerodigestive tract cancers. Apoptosis 2022; 27:342-353. [PMID: 35267106 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycin D (ActD) was the first anticancer antibiotic approved for the management of human cancers. However, the notorious toxicity profile limits its widespread application in cancers, including cancers of the aerodigestive tract. Recent studies show that combining low-dose ActD with existing chemotherapies could potentially protect normal cells from the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs through p53 activation (cyclotherapy). An understanding of ActD's effect on p53 signaling is critical for the meaningful application of ActD in cyclotherapy-based combinations. This study evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy and mechanism of action of ActD in aerodigestive tract cancers. We found that ActD strongly inhibited the growth of a panel of aerodigestive tract cancer cell lines and induced efficient apoptosis, although the sensitivity varies among cell lines. The IC50 values of ActD spanned between 0.021 and 2.96 nM. Mechanistic studies revealed that ActD increased the expression of total and phosphorylated p53 (ser15) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ActD-induced apoptosis is dependent on p53 in cells expressing wild-type p53 and that ActD induced context-dependent differential expression of downstream targets p21 and PUMA without significant effects on p27. In the final analysis, this study revealed that p53-p21 is the predominant pathway activated by low-dose ActD, supporting further development of ActD in cyclotherapy.
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Shyamala N, Kongettira CL, Puranam K, Kupsal K, Kummari R, Padala C, Hanumanth SR. In silico identification of single nucleotide variations at CpG sites regulating CpG island existence and size. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3574. [PMID: 35246549 PMCID: PMC8897451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic modifications of genes involved in the key regulatory pathways play a significant role in the pathophysiology and progression of multifactorial diseases. The present study is an attempt to identify single nucleotide variations (SNVs) at CpG sites of promoters of ACAT1, APOB, APOE, CYBA, FAS, FLT1, KSR2, LDLR, MMP9, PCSK9, PHOX2A, REST, SH2B3, SORT1 and TIMP1 genes influencing CpG island (CGI) existence and size associated with the pathophysiology of Diabetes mellitus, Coronary artery disease and Cancers. Promoter sequences located between -2000 to + 2000 bp were retrieved from the EPDnew database and predicted the CpG island using MethPrimer. Further, SNVs at CpG sites were accessed from NCBI, Ensembl while transcription factor (TF) binding sites were accessed using AliBaba2.1. CGI existence and size were determined for each SNV at CpG site with respect to wild type and variant allele by MethPrimer. A total of 200 SNVs at CpG sites were analyzed from the promoters of ACAT1, APOB, APOE, CYBA, FAS, FLT1, KSR2, LDLR, MMP9, PCSK9, PHOX2A, REST, SH2B3, SORT1 and TIMP1 genes. Of these, only 17 (8.5%) SNVs were found to influence the loss of CGI while 70 (35%) SNVs were found to reduce the size of CGI. It has also been found that 59% (10) of CGI abolishing SNVs are showing differences in binding of TFs. The findings of the study suggest that the candidate SNVs at CpG sites regulating CGI existence and size might influence the DNA methylation status and expression of genes involved in molecular pathways associated with several diseases. The insights of the present study may pave the way for new experimental studies to undertake challenges in DNA methylation, gene expression and protein assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivas Shyamala
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Chaitra Lava Kongettira
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Kaushik Puranam
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Keerthi Kupsal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Ramanjaneyulu Kummari
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
| | - Chiranjeevi Padala
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana State, India
| | - Surekha Rani Hanumanth
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana State, India.
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Wu M, Lu L, Chen S, Li Y, Zhang Q, Fu S, Deng X. Natural products inducing nucleolar stress: implications in cancer therapy. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:e21-e27. [PMID: 34561998 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus is the site of ribosome biogenesis and is found to play an important role in stress sensing. For over 100 years, the increase in the size and number of nucleoli has been considered as a marker of aggressive tumors. Despite this, the contribution of the nucleolus and the biologic processes mediated by it to cancer pathogenesis has been largely overlooked. This state has been changed over the recent decades with the demonstration that the nucleolus controls numerous cellular functions associated with cancer development. Induction of nucleolar stress has recently been regarded as being superior to conventional cytotoxic/cytostatic strategy in that it is more selective to neoplastic cells while sparing normal cells. Natural products represent an excellent source of bioactive molecules and some of them have been found to be able to induce nucleolar stress. The demonstration of these nucleolar stress-inducing natural products has paved the way for a new therapeutic approach to more delicate tumor cell-killing. This review provides a contemporary summary of the role of the nucleolus as a novel promising target for cancer therapy, with particular emphasis on natural products as an exciting new class of anti-cancer drugs with nucleolar stress-inducing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Sisi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Qiuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Shujun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jishou University School of Medicine, Jishou, Hunan, China
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Lin Y, Huang L, Zhang X, Yang J, Chen X, Li F, Liu J, Huang R. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Anti- Staphylococcus aureus Activity of Actinomycin D Originating from Streptomyces parvulus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212231. [PMID: 34830114 PMCID: PMC8621895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen that causes various serious diseases, including chronic infections. Discovering new antibacterial agents is an important aspect of the pharmaceutical field because of the lack of effective antibacterial drugs. In our research, we found that one anti-S. aureus substance is actinomycin D, originating from Streptomyces parvulus (S. parvulus); then, we further focused on the anti-S. aureus ability and the omics profile of S. aureus in response to actinomycin D. The results revealed that actinomycin D had a significant inhibitory activity on S. aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 64 μg/mL. Bacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased 3.5-fold upon treatment with actinomycin D, as was measured with the oxidation-sensitive fluorescent probe DCFH-DA, and H2O2 increased 3.5 times with treatment by actinomycin D. Proteomics and metabolomics, respectively, identified differentially expressed proteins in control and treatment groups, and the co-mapped correlation network of proteomics and metabolomics annotated five major pathways that were potentially related to disrupting the energy metabolism and oxidative stress of S. aureus. All findings contributed to providing new insight into the mechanisms of the anti-S. aureus effects of actinomycin D originating from S. parvulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Li Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Fengming Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.H.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.H.)
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Luo D, Dai W, Feng X, Ding C, Shao Q, Xiao R, Zhao N, Peng W, Yang Y, Cui Y, Liu F, Qian K. Suppression of lncRNA NLRP3 inhibits NLRP3-triggered inflammatory responses in early acute lung injury. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:898. [PMID: 34599154 PMCID: PMC8486756 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common lung pathology that is accompanied by alveolar macrophage (AM) activation and inflammatory response. This study investigated the role of the long non-coding RNA NONRATT004344 (hereafter named lncRNA NLRP3) in regulating the Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-triggered inflammatory response in early ALI and the underlying mechanism as well. We established LPS-induced ALI models to explore their interactive mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine that miR-138-5p could bind to lncRNA NLRP3 and NLRP3. We observed increased lncRNA NLRP3 expression, decreased miR-138-5p expression, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and upregulated caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression in the LPS-induced ALI model. Furthermore, lncRNA NLRP3 overexpression activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and promoted IL-1β and IL-18 secretion; the miR-138-5p mimic abolished these effects in vivo and in vitro. Consistently, miR-138-5p inhibition reversed the effects of lncRNA NLRP3 silencing on the expression of NLRP3-related molecules and inhibition of the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signalling pathway. Mechanistically, lncRNA NLRP3 sponging miR-138-5p facilitated NLRP3 activation through a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism. In summary, our results suggested that lncRNA NLRP3 binding miR-138-5p promotes NLRP3-triggered inflammatory response via lncRNA NLRP3/miR-138-5p/NLRP3 ceRNA network (ceRNET) and provides insights into the treatment of early ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Luo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shangrao City, No. 1 Jiannan Road, Xin Zhou District, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, 334000, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shangrao City, No. 1 Jiannan Road, Xin Zhou District, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, 334000, China
| | - Xiaojin Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
| | - Chengzhi Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yamei Cui
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kejian Qian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Dong Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, China.
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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22
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Cruz-Ruiz S, Urióstegui-Arcos M, Zurita M. The transcriptional stress response and its implications in cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188620. [PMID: 34454982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells require high levels of transcription to survive and maintain their cancerous phenotype. For several years, global transcription inhibitors have been used in the treatment of cancer. However, recent advances in understanding the functioning of the basal transcription machinery and the discovery of new drugs that affect the components of this machinery have generated a new boom in the use of this type of drugs to treat cancer. Inhibiting transcription at the global level in the cell generates a stress situation in which the cancer cell responds by overexpressing hundreds of genes in response to this transcriptional stress. Many of these over-transcribed genes encode factors that may be involved in the selection of cells resistant to the treatment and with a greater degree of malignancy. In this study, we reviewed various examples of substances that inhibit global transcription, as well as their targets, that have a high potential to be used against cancer. We also analysed what kinds of genes are overexpressed in the response to transcriptional stress by different substances and finally we discuss what types of studies are necessary to understand this type of stress response to have more tools to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Cruz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Maritere Urióstegui-Arcos
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico.
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23
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Sargazi ML, Juybari KB, Tarzi ME, Amirkhosravi A, Nematollahi MH, Mirzamohammdi S, Mehrbani M, Mehrabani M, Mehrabani M. Naringenin attenuates cell viability and migration of C6 glioblastoma cell line: a possible role of hedgehog signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6413-6421. [PMID: 34427888 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gliomas are the most prevalent type of malignant primary brain tumors. Despite the availability of several treatment modalities, these tumors have poor prognostic features. Aberrant Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been found to be implicated in the development of numerous malignancies including gliomas. Naringenin appears to have anti-proliferative and anti-cancer properties. However, there is no report describing its effects via the Hh signaling pathway on the C6 glioblastoma cell line. The current study was set to examine the anti-cancer effects of naringenin on C6 cells in order to determine the effect of this compound on the Hh signaling pathway. METHODS The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of naringenin against C6 and 3T3 fibroblast cells were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and annexin-V/PI dual staining assay, respectively. The effect of naringenin on the migration of C6 cells was evaluated by the migration scratch assay. To assess the anti-cancer effect of naringenin on the Hh signaling pathway, the expression of Gli-1, Smo, and Sufu at protein levels in C6 cells was analyzed using western blotting. RESULTS The obtained data indicated that naringenin exerted higher cytotoxicity against C6 cells (IC50 value of 114 ± 3.4 µg/mL) than normal 3T3 fibroblasts (IC50 value of 290 ± 7 µg/mL). Naringenin (114 µg/mL) also induced stronger apoptotic effects on C6 cells than 3T3 cells after 24 h of incubation. Furthermore, naringenin at a concentration of 114 µg/mL and a lower concentration of 60 µg/mL inhibited the migration of the C6 cell line. In addition, naringenin at a concentration of 114 µg/mL significantly decreased the expression of Gli-1 and Smo and elevated the expression of Sufu at the protein level in the C6 cell line. CONCLUSION These data represent that naringenin may have a potential effect on the management of the proliferation and metastasis of malignant gliomas by inhibiting the Hh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Lotfian Sargazi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kobra Bahrampour Juybari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Esmaeili Tarzi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arian Amirkhosravi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehrzad Mehrbani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mitra Mehrabani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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24
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Sadova AA, Panteleev DY, Pavlova GV. Zooming in: PAGE-Northern Blot Helps to Analyze Anti-Sense Transcripts Originating from Human rIGS under Transcriptional Stress. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7030050. [PMID: 34449671 PMCID: PMC8395900 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal intergenic spacer (rIGS), located between the 45S rRNA coding arrays in humans, is a deep, unexplored source of small and long non-coding RNA molecules transcribed in certain conditions to help a cell generate a stress response, pass through a differentiation state or fine tune the functioning of the nucleolus as a ribosome biogenesis center of the cell. Many of the non-coding transcripts originating from the rIGS are not characterized to date. Here, we confirm the transcriptional activity of the region laying a 2 kb upstream of the rRNA promoter, and demonstrate its altered expression under transcriptional stress, induced by a wide range of known transcription inhibitors. We managed to show an increased variability of anti-sense transcripts in alpha-amanitin treated cells by applying the low-molecular RNA fraction extracted from agarose gel to PAGE-northern. Also, the fractioning of RNA by size using agarose gel slices occurred, being applicable for determining the sizes of target transcripts via RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Sadova
- Academic Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.P.); (G.V.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitry Y. Panteleev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.P.); (G.V.P.)
| | - Galina V. Pavlova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia; (D.Y.P.); (G.V.P.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of X-ray and Radioisotope Diagnostic Methods, Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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25
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Kiss A, Csikos C, Regdon Z, Polgár Z, Virág L, Hegedűs C. NMNAT1 Is a Survival Factor in Actinomycin D-Induced Osteosarcoma Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8869. [PMID: 34445574 PMCID: PMC8396190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a frequent and extremely aggressive type of pediatric cancer. New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve the overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. Our previous results suggest that NMNAT1, a key enzyme in nuclear NAD+ synthesis, facilitates the survival of cisplatin-treated osteosarcoma cells. A high-throughput cytotoxicity screening was performed to identify novel pathways or compounds linked to the cancer-promoting role of NMNAT1. Nine compounds caused higher toxicity in the NMNAT1 KO U2OS cells compared to their wild type counterparts, and actinomycin D (ActD) was the most potent. ActD-treatment of NMNAT1 KO cells increased caspase activity and secondary necrosis. The reduced NAD+ content in NMNAT1 KO cells was further decreased by ActD, which partially inhibited NAD+-dependent enzymes, including the DNA nick sensor enzyme PARP1 and the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. Impaired PARP1 activity increased DNA damage in ActD-treated NMNAT1 knockout cells, while SIRT1 impairment increased acetylation of the p53 protein, causing the upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (NOXA, BAX). Proliferation was decreased through both PARP- and SIRT-dependent pathways. On the one hand, PARP inhibitors sensitized wild type but not NMNAT1 KO cells to ActD-induced anti-clonogenic effects; on the other hand, over-acetylated p53 induced the expression of the anti-proliferative p21 protein leading to cell cycle arrest. Based on our results, NMNAT1 acts as a survival factor in ActD-treated osteosarcoma cells. By inhibiting both PARP1- and SIRT1-dependent cellular pathways, NMNAT1 inhibition can be a promising new tool in osteosarcoma chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kiss
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (C.C.); (Z.R.); (Z.P.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Csikos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (C.C.); (Z.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zsolt Regdon
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (C.C.); (Z.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Polgár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (C.C.); (Z.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (C.C.); (Z.R.); (Z.P.)
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (C.C.); (Z.R.); (Z.P.)
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26
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Taylor JT, Ellison S, Pandele A, Wood S, Nathan E, Forte G, Parker H, Zindy E, Elvin M, Dickson A, Williams KJ, Karabatsou K, McCabe M, McBain C, Bigger BW. Actinomycin D downregulates Sox2 and improves survival in preclinical models of recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1289-1301. [PMID: 32227096 PMCID: PMC7523458 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) has been extensively researched over the last few decades, yet despite aggressive multimodal treatment, recurrence is inevitable and second-line treatment options are limited. Here, we demonstrate how high-throughput screening (HTS) in multicellular spheroids can generate physiologically relevant patient chemosensitivity data using patient-derived cells in a rapid and cost-effective manner. Our HTS system identified actinomycin D (ACTD) to be highly cytotoxic over a panel of 12 patient-derived glioma stemlike cell (GSC) lines. ACTD is an antineoplastic antibiotic used in the treatment of childhood cancers. Here, we validate ACTD as a potential repurposed therapeutic for GBM in 3-dimensional GSC cultures and patient-derived xenograft models of recurrent glioblastoma. METHODS Twelve patient-derived GSC lines were screened at 10 µM, as multicellular spheroids, in a 384-well serum-free assay with 133 FDA-approved compounds. GSCs were then treated in vitro with ACTD at established half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50). Downregulation of sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), a stem cell transcription factor, was investigated via western blot and through immunohistological assessment of murine brain tissue. RESULTS Treatment with ACTD was shown to significantly reduce tumor growth in 2 recurrent GBM patient-derived models and significantly increased survival. ACTD is also shown to specifically downregulate the expression of Sox2 both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that, as predicted by our HTS, ACTD could deplete the cancer stem cell population within the tumor mass, ultimately leading to a delay in tumor progression. KEY POINTS 1. High-throughput chemosensitivity data demonstrated the broad efficacy of actinomycin D, which was validated in 3 preclinical models of glioblastoma.2. Actinomycin D downregulated Sox2 in vitro and in vivo, indicating that this agent could target the stem cell population of GBM tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Taylor
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Ellison
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alina Pandele
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shaun Wood
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Erica Nathan
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriella Forte
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Parker
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Egor Zindy
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Elvin
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alan Dickson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Martin McCabe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine McBain
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS FT, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian W Bigger
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Laboratory, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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27
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system and one of the most common solid tumors in infancy. Amplification of MYCN, copy number alterations, numerical and segmental chromosomal aberrations, mutations, and rearrangements on a handful of genes, such as ALK, ATRX, TP53, RAS/MAPK pathway genes, and TERT, are attributed as underlying causes that give rise to NB. However, the heterogeneous nature of the disease-along with the relative paucity of recurrent somatic mutations-reinforces the need to understand the interplay of genetic factors and epigenetic alterations in the context of NB. Epigenetic mechanisms tightly control gene expression, embryogenesis, imprinting, chromosomal stability, and tumorigenesis, thereby playing a pivotal role in physio- and pathological settings. The main epigenetic alterations include aberrant DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of posttranslational histone modifications, alterations in chromatin composition and/or architecture, and aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs. DNA methylation and demethylation are mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, respectively, while histone modifications are coordinated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HATs, HDACs), and histone methyltransferases and demethylases (HMTs, HDMs). This article focuses predominately on the crosstalk between the epigenome and NB, and the implications it has on disease diagnosis and treatment.
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28
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Qiu Q, Zheng X. Comparison of effects of methotrexate/calcium folinate and actinomycin D on trophoblastic tumors. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1830186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qiu
- Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangqing Zheng
- Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Pecoraro A, Pagano M, Russo G, Russo A. Role of Autophagy in Cancer Cell Response to Nucleolar and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197334. [PMID: 33020404 PMCID: PMC7582989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are exposed to many internal and external stimuli that affect their fate. In particular, the exposure to some of these stimuli induces stress triggering a variety of stress responses aimed to re-establish cellular homeostasis. It is now established that the deregulation of stress response pathways plays a central role in cancer initiation and progression, allowing the adaptation of cells to an altered state in the new environment. Autophagy is a tightly regulated pathway which exerts “housekeeping” role in physiological processes. Recently, a growing amount of evidence highlighted the crucial role of autophagy in the regulation of integrated stress responses, including nucleolar and endoplasmic reticulum. In this review, we attempt to afford an overview of the complex role of nucleolar and endoplasmic reticulum stress-response mechanisms in the regulation of autophagy in cancer and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Russo
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-081-678415 (G.R.); +39-081-678414 (A.R.)
| | - Annapina Russo
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-081-678415 (G.R.); +39-081-678414 (A.R.)
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30
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Baindara P, Mandal SM. Bacteria and bacterial anticancer agents as a promising alternative for cancer therapeutics. Biochimie 2020; 177:164-189. [PMID: 32827604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, though significant advances have occurred in its diagnosis and treatment. The development of resistance against chemotherapeutic agents, their side effects, and non-specific toxicity urge to screen for the novel anticancer agent. Hence, the development of novel anticancer agents with a new mechanism of action has become a major scientific challenge. Bacteria and bacterially produced bioactive compounds have recently emerged as a promising alternative for cancer therapeutics. Bacterial anticancer agents such as antibiotics, bacteriocins, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, toxins, etc. These are adopted different mechanisms of actions such as apoptosis, necrosis, reduced angiogenesis, inhibition of translation and splicing, and obstructing essential signaling pathways to kill cancer cells. Also, live tumor-targeting bacteria provided a unique therapeutic alternative for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the anticancer properties and mechanism of actions of the anticancer agents of bacterial origin and antitumor bacteria along with their possible future applications in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| | - Santi M Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, WB, India.
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31
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Jia FJ, Han Z, Ma JH, Jiang SQ, Zhao XM, Ruan H, Xie WD, Li X. Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Hepatorenal Toxicity of Actinomycin V In Vitro and In Vivo. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080428. [PMID: 32824227 PMCID: PMC7460479 DOI: 10.3390/md18080428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The high toxicity of actinomycin D (Act D) severely limits its use as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent in the clinic. Actinomycin V (Act V), an analog of Act D, exhibited strong anticancer activity in our previous studies. Here, we provide evidence that Act V has less hepatorenal toxicity than Act D in vitro and in vivo, associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway. Compared to Act D, Act V exhibited considerably stronger sensitivity for cancer cells and less toxicity to human normal liver LO-2 and human embryonic kidney 293T cells using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Notably, Act V caused less damage to both the liver and kidney than Act D in vivo, indicated by organ to body weight ratios, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and serum creatinine (Scr) levels. Further experiments showed that the ROS pathway is involved in Act V-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Act V generates ROS and accumulates malondialdehyde (MDA), reducing levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in LO-2 and 293T cells. These findings indicate that Act V induces less hepatorenal toxicity than Act D in vitro and in vivo and merits further development as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-juan Jia
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-j.J.); (Z.H.); (J.-h.M.); (S.-q.J.); (X.-m.Z.); (H.R.); (W.-d.X.)
| | - Zhuo Han
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-j.J.); (Z.H.); (J.-h.M.); (S.-q.J.); (X.-m.Z.); (H.R.); (W.-d.X.)
| | - Jia-hui Ma
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-j.J.); (Z.H.); (J.-h.M.); (S.-q.J.); (X.-m.Z.); (H.R.); (W.-d.X.)
| | - Shi-qing Jiang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-j.J.); (Z.H.); (J.-h.M.); (S.-q.J.); (X.-m.Z.); (H.R.); (W.-d.X.)
| | - Xing-ming Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-j.J.); (Z.H.); (J.-h.M.); (S.-q.J.); (X.-m.Z.); (H.R.); (W.-d.X.)
| | - Hang Ruan
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-j.J.); (Z.H.); (J.-h.M.); (S.-q.J.); (X.-m.Z.); (H.R.); (W.-d.X.)
| | - Wei-dong Xie
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-j.J.); (Z.H.); (J.-h.M.); (S.-q.J.); (X.-m.Z.); (H.R.); (W.-d.X.)
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (F.-j.J.); (Z.H.); (J.-h.M.); (S.-q.J.); (X.-m.Z.); (H.R.); (W.-d.X.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-631-5688303
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Metronomic chemotherapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer: Review of effectiveness and potential use during pandemics. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 89:102066. [PMID: 32769038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy (M-CT) is defined as dose dense administration of chemotherapy at lower doses than maximum tolerated dose but at shorter free intervals, to obtain a near continuous exposure of cancer cells to those potentially effective drugs. M-CT is a useful strategy to obtain response, overcome resistance and reduce side effects, with low costs. This review will focus on the use of M-CT in advanced breast cancer (ABC). Cytostatic and cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, the anti-angiogenic and the immunomodulatory effects are its main mechanisms of actions. Many clinical trials proved the efficacy and tolerability of different monotherapies and combinations of chemotherapeutic agents administered in metronomic doses and frequencies in ABC. M-CT is a reasonable option for second and later lines of chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer including those with prior anthracycline or taxane exposure, older patients and patients with comorbidities, and even as first-line in certain groups of patients. The acceptable efficacy and low toxicity of oral metronomic chemotherapy makes it a reasonable option during COVID-19 pandemic as well as in the post-COVID era which is projected to last for some time.
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Long Noncoding RNA Serve as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9045786. [PMID: 32462032 PMCID: PMC7238389 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9045786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The detection of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a novel method for breast cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical significance of lncRNAs in identification of human breast cancer. Methods Electronic databases, including PubMed (176), EMBASE (167), Cochrane Library (4), Web of Science (273), CNKI (41), VIP (18), and wanfang (21), were searched for relevant original articles. Diagnostic capacity of lncRNAs was assessed by pooled sensitivity and specificity, area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and subgroup and meta-regression analysis. Stata and Meta-Disc software were used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results 33 articles including 4500 cases were identified in our meta-analysis. lncRNAs sustained a high diagnostic efficacy; the pooled sensitivity, specificity, AUC, and DOR of lncRNAs in differentiating BC from controls were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.69-0.78), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.72-0.83), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79-0.85), and 10.01 (95% CI: 7.13-14.06), respectively. The subgroup analysis showed that the diagnostic efficacy of lncRNAs in Asian populations was higher than that in Caucasians; lncRNAs in BC were lower than those in TNBC and were higher in plasma and serum specimens than in tissues. In addition, heterogeneity was clearly apparent but was not caused by the threshold effect. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested that lncRNAs might be promising biomarkers for identifying breast cancer, and its clinical application warrants further investigation.
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Singh AN, Sharma N. Epigenetic Modulators as Potential Multi-targeted Drugs Against Hedgehog Pathway for Treatment of Cancer. Protein J 2020; 38:537-550. [PMID: 30993446 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog signalling is known to play a crucial role in regulating embryonic development, cancer stem cell maintenance and tissue patterning. Dysregulated hedgehog signalling has been reported to affect tumorigenesis and drug response in various human malignancies. Epigenetic therapy relying on DNA methyltransferase and Histone deacetylase inhibitors are being proposed as potential drug candidates considering their efficiency in preventing development of cancer progenitor cells, killing drug resistant cells and also dictating "on/off" switch of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. In this docking approach, epigenetic modulators were virtually screened for their efficiency in inhibiting key regulators of SHH pathway viz., sonic hedgehog, Smoothened and Gli using polypharmacological approach. The control drugs and epigenetic modulators were docked with PDB protein structures using AutoDock vina and further checked for their drug-likeness properties. Further molecular dynamics simulation using VMD and NAMD, and MMP/GBSA energy calculation were employed for verifying the stability and entropy of the ligand-receptor complex. EPZ-6438 and GSK 343 (EZH2 inhibitors), CHR 3996 and Mocetinostat (HDAC inhibitors), GSK 126 (HKMT inhibitor) and UNC 1215 (L3MBTL3 antagonist) exhibited multiple-targeted approach in modulating HH signalling. This is the first study to report these epigenetic drugs as potential multi-targeted hedgehog pathway inhibitors. Thus, epigenetic polypharmacology approach can be explored as a better alternative to challenges of acute long term toxicity and drug resistance occurring due to traditional single targeted chemotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika N Singh
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram-Lavale, Taluka-Mulshi, Pune, 412115, India
| | - Neeti Sharma
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram-Lavale, Taluka-Mulshi, Pune, 412115, India.
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35
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Humeau J, Sauvat A, Cerrato G, Xie W, Loos F, Iannantuoni F, Bezu L, Lévesque S, Paillet J, Pol J, Leduc M, Zitvogel L, de Thé H, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Inhibition of transcription by dactinomycin reveals a new characteristic of immunogenic cell stress. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11622. [PMID: 32323922 PMCID: PMC7207166 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy still constitutes the standard of care for the treatment of most neoplastic diseases. Certain chemotherapeutics from the oncological armamentarium are able to trigger pre‐mortem stress signals that lead to immunogenic cell death (ICD), thus inducing an antitumor immune response and mediating long‐term tumor growth reduction. Here, we used an established model, built on artificial intelligence to identify, among a library of 50,000 compounds, anticancer agents that, based on their molecular descriptors, were predicted to induce ICD. This algorithm led us to the identification of dactinomycin (DACT, best known as actinomycin D), a highly potent cytotoxicant and ICD inducer that mediates immune‐dependent anticancer effects in vivo. Since DACT is commonly used as an inhibitor of DNA to RNA transcription, we investigated whether other experimentally established or algorithm‐selected, clinically employed ICD inducers would share this characteristic. As a common leitmotif, a panel of pharmacological ICD stimulators inhibited transcription and secondarily translation. These results establish the inhibition of RNA synthesis as an initial event for ICD induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Humeau
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Allan Sauvat
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Giulia Cerrato
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Wei Xie
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Friedemann Loos
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Hospital Doctor Peset - FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucillia Bezu
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Hospital Doctor Peset - FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarah Lévesque
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Paillet
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marion Leduc
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine Kremlin Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France
| | - Hugues de Thé
- College de France, INSERM UMR 1050, CNRS UMR 7241, PSL University, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, IRSL, Hopital St. Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Gupta A, Gautam P, Wennerberg K, Aittokallio T. A normalized drug response metric improves accuracy and consistency of anticancer drug sensitivity quantification in cell-based screening. Commun Biol 2020; 3:42. [PMID: 31974521 PMCID: PMC6978361 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantification of drug effects is crucial for identifying pharmaceutically actionable cancer vulnerabilities. Current cell viability-based measurements often lead to biased response estimates due to varying growth rates and experimental artifacts that explain part of the inconsistency in high-throughput screening results. We developed an improved drug scoring model, normalized drug response (NDR), which makes use of both positive and negative control conditions to account for differences in cell growth rates, and experimental noise to better characterize drug-induced effects. We demonstrate an improved consistency and accuracy of NDR compared to existing metrics in assessing drug responses of cancer cells in various culture models and experimental setups. Notably, NDR reliably captures both toxicity and viability responses, and differentiates a wider spectrum of drug behavior, including lethal, growth-inhibitory and growth-stimulatory modes, based on a single viability readout. The method will therefore substantially reduce the time and resources required in cell-based drug sensitivity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishekh Gupta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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37
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El Hassouni B, Sarkisjan D, Vos JC, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. Targeting the Ribosome Biogenesis Key Molecule Fibrillarin to Avoid Chemoresistance. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6020-6032. [PMID: 30501594 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181203133332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Inherent or acquired chemo resistance in cancer patients has been a perpetual
limitation in cancer treatment. Expanding knowledge on essential cellular processes opens a new
window for therapeutic targeting. Ribosome biogenesis is a process that shows potential due to its
fundamental role in cell development and contribution to tumorigenesis as a result of its upregulation.
Inhibiting components of ribosome biogenesis has been explored and has shown interesting
results. Yet, an important key component, methyltransferase Fibrillarin (FBL), which influences
both the abundance and composition of ribosomes, has not been exploited thus far.
Methods:
In this literature review, we describe relevant aspects of ribosome biogenesis in cancer to
emphasize the potential of FBL as a therapeutic target, in order to lower the genotoxic effects of
anti-cancer treatment.
Results:
Remarkably, the amplification of the 19q13 cytogenetic band, including the gene coding
for FBL, correlated to cell viability and resistance in pancreatic cells as well as to a trend toward a
shorter survival in pancreatic cancer patients.
:
Targeting ribosome biogenesis, more specifically compared to the secondary effects of chemotherapeutics
such as 5-fluorouracil or oxaliplatin, has been achieved by compound CX-5461. The cell
dependent activity of this Pol I inhibitor has been reported in ovarian cancer, melanoma and leukemia
models with active or mutated p53 status, presenting a promising mechanism to evade p53 resistance.
Conclusion:
Targeting critical ribosome biogenesis components in order to decrease the genotoxic
activity in cancer cell looks promising. Hence, we believe that targeting key protein rRNA methyltransferase
FBL shows great potential, due to its pivotal role in ribosome biogenesis, its correlation
to an improved survival rate at low expression in breast cancer patients and its association with p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Btissame El Hassouni
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center- Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dzjemma Sarkisjan
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center- Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. Chris Vos
- AIMMS-Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center- Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Godefridus J. Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center- Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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38
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Li T, Shen X, Zhu T, Tao Y, Li X, Wang D, Ma Q, Hu Z, Liu J, Ruan J, Cai J, Wang HY, Lu X. Genetic Load and Potential Mutational Meltdown in Cancer Cell Populations. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:541-552. [PMID: 30649444 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Large genomes with elevated mutation rates are prone to accumulating deleterious mutations more rapidly than natural selection can purge (Muller's ratchet). As a consequence, it may lead to the extinction of small populations. Relative to most unicellular organisms, cancer cells, with large and nonrecombining genome and high mutation rate, could be particularly susceptible to such "mutational meltdown." However, the most common type of mutation in organismal evolution, namely, deleterious mutation, has received relatively little attention in the cancer biology literature. Here, by monitoring single-cell clones from HeLa cell lines, we characterize deleterious mutations that retard the rate of cell proliferation. The main mutation events are copy number variations (CNVs), which, estimated from fitness data, happen at a rate of 0.29 event per cell division on average. The mean fitness reduction, estimated reaching 18% per mutation, is very high. HeLa cell populations therefore have very substantial genetic load and, at this level, natural population would likely face mutational meltdown. We suspect that HeLa cell populations may avoid extinction only after the population size becomes large enough. Because CNVs are common in most cell lines and tumor tissues, the observations hint at cancer cells' vulnerability, which could be exploited by therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Random Complex Structures and Data Science, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hurng-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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39
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Zhang Y, Cai H, Chen S, Sun D, Zhang D, He Y. Exosomal transfer of miR-124 inhibits normal fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts transition by targeting sphingosine kinase 1 in ovarian cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13187-13201. [PMID: 30957275 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interaction between tumor microenvironment and tumor cells plays a key role in tumor progression. However, the mechanisms by which this interaction promotes the transdifferentiation of normal fibroblasts (NFs) to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells-derived microRNAs were involved in the transition of resident fibroblasts to CAFs, and in promoting tumorigenesis. METHODS CAFs and NFs were isolated from the same ovarian site in OvCa and noncancerous prophylactic oophorectomy specimens. The effect of exosomes on the motility of CAFs or NFs was analyzed by wound healing and Transwell assays. The expression of CAFs marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibroblast activated protein (FAP) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. A luciferase reporter assay was used to test the interaction between miR-124 and sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1). RESULTS NFs with downregulated miR-124 displayed the characteristics of CAFs, including overexpression of α-SMA and FAP and increased migratory and invasive ability. Overexpression of miR-124 in CAFs reversed some traits of NFs. Human ovarian surface epithelial cells-secreted miR-124 could be transferred via exosomes to CAFs and resulted in decreased α-SMA and FAP expression and attenuated cell motility. Moreover, our finding showed that the expression of SPHK1, a potential target of miR-124, was significantly elevated in CAFs. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides important and novel perspective into OvCa CAF differentiation and extracellular matrix remodeling, which trigger the tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huihua Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Donghua Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanli He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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40
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Węglarz-Tomczak E, Talma M, Giurg M, Westerhoff HV, Janowski R, Mucha A. Neutral metalloaminopeptidases APN and MetAP2 as newly discovered anticancer molecular targets of actinomycin D and its simple analogs. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29365-29378. [PMID: 30034623 PMCID: PMC6047675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potent transcription inhibitor Actinomycin D is used with several cancers. Here, we report the discovery that this naturally occurring antibiotic inhibits two human neutral aminopeptidases, the cell-surface alanine aminopeptidase and intracellular methionine aminopeptidase type 2. These metallo-containing exopeptidases participate in tumor cell expansion and motility and are targets for anticancer therapies. We show that the peptide portions of Actinomycin D and Actinomycin X2 are not required for effective inhibition, but the loss of these regions changes the mechanism of interaction. Two structurally less complex Actinomycin D analogs containing the phenoxazone chromophores, Questiomycin A and Actinocin, appear to be competitive inhibitors of both aminopeptidases, with potencies similar to the non-competitive macrocyclic parent compound (Ki in the micromolar range). The mode of action for all four compounds and both enzymes was demonstrated by molecular modeling and docking in the corresponding active sites. This knowledge gives new perspectives to Actinomycin D's action on tumors and suggests new avenues and molecules for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Węglarz-Tomczak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland.,Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michał Talma
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mirosław Giurg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hans V Westerhoff
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Janowski
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Artur Mucha
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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41
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Cerrito MG, De Giorgi M, Pelizzoni D, Bonomo SM, Digiacomo N, Scagliotti A, Bugarin C, Gaipa G, Grassilli E, Lavitrano M, Giovannoni R, Bidoli P, Cazzaniga ME. Metronomic combination of Vinorelbine and 5Fluorouracil is able to inhibit triple-negative breast cancer cells. Results from the proof-of-concept VICTOR-0 study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27448-27459. [PMID: 29937997 PMCID: PMC6007943 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive neoplasia with median Overall Survival (OS) less than two years. Despite the availability of new drugs, the chance of survival of these patients did not increase. The combination of low doses of drugs in a metronomic schedule showed efficacy in clinical trials, exhibiting an anti-proliferative and anti-tumour activity. In Victor-2 study we recently evaluated a new metronomic combination (mCHT) of Capecitabine (CAPE) and Vinorelbine (VNR) in breast cancer patients showing a disease control rate with a median Progression-Free Survival (PFS) of 4.7 months in 28 TNBC patients. Here in Victor-0 study, we examined the effect of mCHT vs standard (STD) schedule of administration of different combinations of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), the active metabolite of CAPE, and VNR in TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and BT-549. A significant anti-proliferative activity was observed in cells treated with metronomic vs STD administration of 5FU or VNR alone. Combination of the two drugs showed an additive inhibitor effect on cell growth in both cell lines. Moreover, after exposure of cells to 5FU and VNR under mCHT or conventional schedule of administration we also observed a downregulation of chemoresistance factor Bcl-2, changes in pro-apoptotic protein Bax and in cleaved effector caspase-3 and increased expression of LC3A/B autophagy protein. Our results therefore suggest that molecular mechanisms implicated in apoptosis and autophagy as well as the cross-talk between these two forms of cell death in MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells treated with 5FU and VNR is dose- and schedule-dependent and provide some insights about the roles of autophagy and senescence in 5FU/VNR-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Cerrito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Marco De Giorgi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Davide Pelizzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy.,Oncology Unit, ASST Monza, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Sara Maria Bonomo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Nunzio Digiacomo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy.,Oncology Unit, ASST Monza, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Arianna Scagliotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Cristina Bugarin
- M.Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- M.Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Paolo Bidoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy.,Oncology Unit, ASST Monza, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Marina Elena Cazzaniga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy.,Oncology Unit, ASST Monza, Monza 20900, Italy.,Phase 1 Research Centre, Monza 20900, Italy
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42
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Czerwińska P, Mazurek S, Wiznerowicz M. The complexity of TRIM28 contribution to cancer. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:63. [PMID: 28851455 PMCID: PMC5574234 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first discovery in 1996, the engagement of TRIM28 in distinct aspects of cellular biology has been extensively studied resulting in identification of a complex nature of TRIM28 protein. In this review, we summarize core biological functions of TRIM28 that emerge from TRIM28 multi-domain structure and possessed enzymatic activities. Moreover, we will discuss whether the complexity of TRIM28 engagement in cancer biology makes TRIM28 a possible candidate for targeted anti-cancer therapy. Briefly, we will demonstrate the role of TRIM28 in regulation of target gene transcription, response to DNA damage, downregulation of p53 activity, stimulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stemness sustainability, induction of autophagy and regulation of retrotransposition, to provide the answer whether TRIM28 functions as a stimulator or inhibitor of tumorigenesis. To date, number of studies demonstrate significant upregulation of TRIM28 expression in cancer tissues which correlates with worse overall patient survival, suggesting that TRIM28 supports cancer progression. Here, we present distinct aspects of TRIM28 involvement in regulation of cancer cell homeostasis which collectively imply pro-tumorigenic character of TRIM28. Thorough analyses are further needed to verify whether TRIM28 possess the potential to become a new anti-cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwińska
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland. .,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Mazurek
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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43
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Chen Y, Wen H, Wu CI. A mathematical theory of the transcription repression (TR) therapy of cancer - whether and how it may work. Oncotarget 2017; 8:38642-38649. [PMID: 28454100 PMCID: PMC5503560 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription repression (TR) therapy of cancer has been widely discussed. Here, TR refers to global repression of transcription rather than specific targeting of cancer-causing genes such as MYC. TR drugs inhibit transcription by binding to the transcribed DNA or to RNA polymerase; for example, actinomycin D has been extensively used in research and therapy to shut down transcription globally [1-7]. As proliferating cells demand a high rate of transcription, restricting transcript production could be effective in slowing down cell proliferation. However, TR also deprives other less proliferative cells of new transcripts, thus leading to substantial toxicity [1, 8, 9]. We now develop a mathematical theory to exploit the greater demand for transcription in highly proliferating cells. A new strategy, referred to as the TRR (transcript repression-recovery) model, would insert a recovery phase to allow the more slowly proliferating cells to recover. It is most effective to have strong blocking for a short period (a few hours) followed by a longer recovery phase in each cell cycle. Hence, TRR can potentially achieve selective killing of cells based on their global transcription needs but precise fine-tuning is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chung-I Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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44
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André N, Tsai K, Carré M, Pasquier E. Metronomic Chemotherapy: Direct Targeting of Cancer Cells after all? Trends Cancer 2017; 3:319-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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45
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Li M, Qi Y, Wei J, Lu L, Zhao X, Zhou L. N6-Isopentenyladenosine promoted HeLa cell apoptosis through inhibitions of AKT and transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 activation. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695966. [PMID: 28345459 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-Isopentenyladenosine, a member of the family of plant hormones, possesses anti-cancer activities on a number of cancer cell lines. However, its mode of action in cervical cancer cell remains poorly understood. Our computational docking studies showed that N6-Isopentenyladenosine could bind with the really interesting new gene domain of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6, which is an ubiquitination E3 ligase. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6-mediated ubiquitination is known to activate both protein kinase B (also known as AKT) and transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1, and the really interesting new gene domain comprises the core of the ubiquitin ligase catalytic domain. First, we evaluated the effects of iPA on cervical cancer cell line HeLa using MTT and flow cytometry. Second, we examined the effects of iPA on activation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6-mediated downstream targets using western blot or immunoprecipitation. iPA could reduce HeLa cell proliferation through apoptosis, and such anti-cancer activity is associated with inhibitions of both AKT and transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 signaling pathways. In addition, suppression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and elevation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax were also observed. Anti-proliferation properties of iPA are likely due to its binding at the really interesting new gene domain of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 and loss of AKT and transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 activities as a result of functional modulations of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6. These results support the emerging notion that tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 could serve as a viable target for developing new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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46
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Bayat Mokhtari R, Baluch N, Ka Hon Tsui M, Kumar S, S Homayouni T, Aitken K, Das B, Baruchel S, Yeger H. Acetazolamide potentiates the anti-tumor potential of HDACi, MS-275, in neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:156. [PMID: 28235409 PMCID: PMC5326494 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB), a tumor of the primitive neural crest, despite aggressive treatment portends a poor long-term survival for patients with advanced high stage NB. New treatment strategies are required. METHODS We investigated coordinated targeting of essential homeostatic regulatory factors involved in cancer progression, histone deacetylases (HDACs) and carbonic anhydrases (CAs). RESULTS We evaluated the antitumor potential of the HDAC inhibitor (HDACi), pyridylmethyl-N-{4-[(2-aminophenyl)-carbamoyl]-benzyl}-carbamate (MS-275) in combination with a pan CA inhibitor, acetazolamide (AZ) on NB SH-SY5Y, SK-N-SH and SK-N-BE(2) cells. The key observation was that the combination AZ + MS-275 significantly inhibited growth, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and reduced migration capacity of NB cell line SH-SY5Y. In addition, this combination significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo, in a pre-clinical xenograft model. Evidence was obtained for a marked reduction in tumorigenicity and in the expression of mitotic, proliferative, HIF-1α and CAIX. NB xenografts of SH-SY5Y showed a significant increase in apoptosis. CONCLUSION MS-275 alone at nanomolar concentrations significantly reduced the putative cancer stem cell (CSC) fraction of NB cell lines, SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2), in reference to NT2/D1, a teratocarcinoma cell line, exhibiting a strong stem cell like phenotype in vitro. Whereas stemness genes (OCT4, SOX2 and Nanog) were found to be significantly downregulated after MS-275 treatment, this was further enhanced by AZ co-treatment. The significant reduction in initial tumorigenicity and subsequent abrogation upon serial xenografting suggests potential elimination of the NB CSC fraction. The significant potentiation of MS-275 by AZ is a promising therapeutic approach and one amenable for administration to patients given their current clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Narges Baluch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Micky Ka Hon Tsui
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina S Homayouni
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Aitken
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bikul Das
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Baruchel
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Herman Yeger
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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47
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Guo X, Li R, Liu J, Chen R, Zhang H, Liu Q, Li Z, Wang J. Design of multifunctional phytate coated magnetic composites for combined therapy with antitumor drugs. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03258g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional phytate coated magnetic nanocomposite was successfully synthesized with Zn ions via self-assembly route for combined therapy with antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Rumin Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Marine Materials
- Harbin Engineering University
| | - Hongsen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Zhanshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
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48
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Estrogen receptors α and β and aromatase as independent predictors for prostate cancer outcome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33114. [PMID: 27610593 PMCID: PMC5017140 DOI: 10.1038/srep33114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are considered important in normal prostate physiology and prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis. However, androgen-targeted treatment preventing PCa recurrence is still lacking. This indicates additional mediators contributing to cancer development. We sought to determine the prognostic significance of estrogen receptors, ERα and -β, and the aromatase enzyme in PCa. Tissue microarrays were created from 535 PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy. Expression of ERα, ERβ and aromatase were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Representative tumor epithelial (TE) and tumor stromal (TS) areas were investigated separately. Survival analyses were used to evaluate the markers correlation to PCa outcome. In univariate analyses, ERα in TS was associated with delayed time to clinical failure (CF) (p = 0.042) and PCa death (p = 0.019), while ERβ was associated with reduced time to biochemical failure (BF) (p = 0.002). Aromatase in TS and TE was associated with increased time to BF and CF respectively (p = 0.016, p = 0.046). Multivariate analyses supported these observations, indicating an independent prognostic impact of all markers. When stratifying the analysis according to different surgical centers the results were unchanged. In conclusion, significant prognostic roles of ERα, ERβ and aromatase were discovered in the in PCa specimens of our large multicenter cohort.
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