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Rios F, Uriostegui-Arcos M, Zurita M. Transcriptional Stress Induces the Generation of DoGs in Cancer Cells. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:5. [PMID: 38250805 PMCID: PMC10801504 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A characteristic of the cellular response to stress is the production of RNAs generated from a readthrough transcription of genes, called downstream-of-gene-(DoG)-containing transcripts. Additionally, transcription inhibitor drugs are candidates for fighting cancer. In this work, we report the results of a bioinformatic analysis showing that one of the responses to transcription inhibition is the generation of DoGs in cancer cells. Although some genes that form DoGs were shared between the two cancer lines, there did not appear to be a functional correlation between them. However, our findings show that DoGs are generated as part of the cellular response to transcription inhibition like other types of cellular stress, suggesting that they may be part of the defense against transcriptional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, Mexico (M.U.-A.)
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2
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Rosales-Vega M, Reséndez-Pérez D, Zurita M, Vázquez M. TnaA, a trithorax group protein, modulates wingless expression in different regions of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15162. [PMID: 37704704 PMCID: PMC10499800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
wingless expression is exquisitely regulated by different factors and enhancers in the imaginal wing discs of Drosophila melanogaster in four domains: the dorsal band, the dorso-ventral boundary, and the inner and outer ring domains. tonalli is a trithorax group gene that encodes a putative SUMO E3 ligase that binds to chromatin to regulate the expression of its targets, including the Hox genes. However, its role in modulating gene expression is barely known. Here, we show that TnaA modulates the wingless expression at two domains of the wing disc, the dorso-ventral boundary and the inner ring. At first, tonalli interacts genetically with Notch to form the wing margin. In the inner ring domain, TnaA modulates wingless transcription. When the dosage of TnaA increases in or near the inner ring since early larval stages, this domain expands with a rapid increase in wingless expression. TnaA occupies the wingless Inner Ring Enhancer at the wing disc, meanwhile it does not affect wingless expression directed by the Ventral Disc Enhancer in leg discs, suggesting that TnaA acts as a wingless enhancer-specific factor. We describe for the first time the presence of TnaA at the Inner Ring Enhancer as a specific regulator of wingless in the development of wing boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rosales-Vega
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Diana Reséndez-Pérez
- Departamento de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martha Vázquez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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3
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Zurita M, Herrmann A, Ryan T, Carrera I, Di Bella A. Jejunal arteriovenous malformation and multiple acquired extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in a juvenile dog, presenting with melena. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:485-489. [PMID: 37185981 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A juvenile dog referred with a 1-month history of persistent melena and severe anaemia, was diagnosed with a jejunal arteriovenous malformation, and multiple acquired extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. A midline coeliotomy was performed, the jejunal arteriovenous malformation was localised intraoperatively and was successfully removed via an enterectomy. Histopathology confirmed a true arteriovenous malformation. Despite the initial improvement, the patient developed seizure episodes secondary to hepatic encephalopathy 8 months after surgery. Fifteen months after surgery, the owner opted for euthanasia due to the ongoing seizure episodes. Post-mortem histologic examination of the liver showed features consistent with portal vein hypoplasia. A congenital arteriovenous malformation should be considered as a differential diagnosis in juvenile patients with a chronic history of haemorrhage from the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, acquired portosystemic shunts may occur in patients with portal vein hypoplasia and jejunal arteriovenous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zurita
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Ringwood, BH24 3JW, UK
| | - A Herrmann
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Ringwood, BH24 3JW, UK
| | - T Ryan
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Ringwood, BH24 3JW, UK
| | - I Carrera
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Ringwood, BH24 3JW, UK
| | - A Di Bella
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Ringwood, BH24 3JW, UK
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Carvajal-Oliveros A, Uriostegui-Arcos M, Zurita M, Melchy-Perez EI, Narváez-Padilla V, Reynaud E. The BE (2)-M17 cell line has a better dopaminergic phenotype than the traditionally used for Parkinson´s research SH-SY5Y, which is mostly serotonergic. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:543-551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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5
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Jiménez-Mejía G, Montalvo-Méndez R, Hernández-Bautista C, Altamirano-Torres C, Vázquez M, Zurita M, Reséndez-Pérez D. Trimeric complexes of Antp-TBP with TFIIEβ or Exd modulate transcriptional activity. Hereditas 2022; 159:23. [PMID: 35637493 PMCID: PMC9150345 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hox proteins finely coordinate antero-posterior axis during embryonic development and through their action specific target genes are expressed at the right time and space to determine the embryo body plan. As master transcriptional regulators, Hox proteins recognize DNA through the homeodomain (HD) and interact with a multitude of proteins, including general transcription factors and other cofactors. HD binding specificity increases by protein–protein interactions with a diversity of cofactors that outline the Hox interactome and determine the transcriptional landscape of the selected target genes. All these interactions clearly demonstrate Hox-driven transcriptional regulation, but its precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. Results Here we report Antennapedia (Antp) Hox protein–protein interaction with the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and the formation of novel trimeric complexes with TFIIEβ and Extradenticle (Exd), as well as its participation in transcriptional regulation. Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC), we detected the interaction of Antp-TBP and, in combination with Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (BiFC-FRET), the formation of the trimeric complex with TFIIEβ and Exd in living cells. Mutational analysis showed that Antp interacts with TBP through their N-terminal polyglutamine-stretches. The trimeric complexes of Antp-TBP with TFIIEβ and Exd were validated using different Antp mutations to disrupt the trimeric complexes. Interestingly, the trimeric complex Antp-TBP-TFIIEβ significantly increased the transcriptional activity of Antp, whereas Exd diminished its transactivation. Conclusions Our findings provide important insights into the Antp interactome with the direct interaction of Antp with TBP and the two new trimeric complexes with TFIIEβ and Exd. These novel interactions open the possibility to analyze promoter function and gene expression to measure transcription factor binding dynamics at target sites throughout the genome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-022-00239-8.
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Ching-López R, Vargas P, Rodríguez S, Cámara L, Galván P, Ruiz A, Zurita M. PO-1332 Early menopause induced by oncological treatments in breast and cervical cancer. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Cruz-Ruiz S, Urióstegui-Arcos M, Zurita M. The transcriptional stress response and its implications in cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188620. [PMID: 34454982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells require high levels of transcription to survive and maintain their cancerous phenotype. For several years, global transcription inhibitors have been used in the treatment of cancer. However, recent advances in understanding the functioning of the basal transcription machinery and the discovery of new drugs that affect the components of this machinery have generated a new boom in the use of this type of drugs to treat cancer. Inhibiting transcription at the global level in the cell generates a stress situation in which the cancer cell responds by overexpressing hundreds of genes in response to this transcriptional stress. Many of these over-transcribed genes encode factors that may be involved in the selection of cells resistant to the treatment and with a greater degree of malignancy. In this study, we reviewed various examples of substances that inhibit global transcription, as well as their targets, that have a high potential to be used against cancer. We also analysed what kinds of genes are overexpressed in the response to transcriptional stress by different substances and finally we discuss what types of studies are necessary to understand this type of stress response to have more tools to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Cruz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Maritere Urióstegui-Arcos
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico.
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Meyer-Nava S, Zurita M, Valadez-Graham V. Immunofluorescent Staining for Visualization of Heterochromatin Associated Proteins in Drosophila Salivary Glands. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 34487109 DOI: 10.3791/62408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualization of heterochromatin aggregates by immunostaining can be challenging. Many mammalian components of chromatin are conserved in Drosophila melanogaster. Therefore, it is an excellent model to study heterochromatin formation and maintenance. Polytenized cells, such as the ones found in salivary glands of third instar D. melanogaster larvae, provide an excellent tool to observe the chromatin amplified nearly a thousand times and have allowed researchers to study changes in the distribution of heterochromatin in the nucleus. Although the observation of heterochromatin components can be carried out directly in polytene chromosome preparations, the localization of some proteins can be altered by the severity of the treatment. Therefore, the direct visualization of heterochromatin in cells complements this type of study. In this protocol, we describe the immunostaining techniques used for this tissue, the use of secondary fluorescent antibodies, and confocal microscopy to observe these heterochromatin aggregates with greater precision and detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Meyer-Nava
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - Mario Zurita
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - Viviana Valadez-Graham
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México;
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9
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Ching-López R, Zurita M, Vargas P, del Moral R, Expósito Hernández J. PO-1068 SRS in brain metastases from breast cancer: a single-centre retrospective study. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Zurita M. El sistema CRISPR/Cas, crónica de un premio Nobel anunciado. Educación Química 2021; 32:3. [DOI: 10.22201/fq.18708404e.2021.3.79714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
<p>Desde principios de la década pasada en la que se creó como herramienta para editar genomas el sistema CRISPR/Cas, la comunidad científica se dio cuenta de los alcances que podría tener esta poderosa metodología. Con el paso de los años esta se ha hecho mucho mas robusta y se han generado una serie de herramientas colaterales, en muchos casos adaptadas para cada organismo, de tal forma que se esta volviendo rutinaria en cualquier laboratorio de Biología Molecular. Por lo tanto, el premio Nobel a Emmanuelle Charpentier y a Jennifer Doudna, que participaron de manera importante en el desarrollo de esta metodología era esperado. En este artículo se describe cuales fueron los descubrimientos claves que se dieron para poder usar este conocimiento en el desarrollo de la que es probablemente la herramienta molecular mas importante desde el desarrollo de la Ingeniería Genética y también cómo es que funciona para editar genomas y algunas otras aplicaciones. </p>
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11
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Castegnetti G, Zurita M, De Martino B. How usefulness shapes neural representations during goal-directed behavior. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/15/eabd5363. [PMID: 33827810 PMCID: PMC8026134 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Value is often associated with reward, emphasizing its hedonic aspects. However, when circumstances change, value must also change (a compass outvalues gold, if you are lost). How are value representations in the brain reshaped under different behavioral goals? To answer this question, we devised a new task that decouples usefulness from its hedonic attributes, allowing us to study flexible goal-dependent mapping. Here, we show that, unlike sensory cortices, regions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-usually associated with value computation-remap their representation of perceptually identical items according to how useful the item has been to achieve a specific goal. Furthermore, we identify a coding scheme in the PFC that represents value regardless of the goal, thus supporting generalization across contexts. Our work questions the dominant view that equates value with reward, showing how a change in goals triggers a reorganization of the neural representation of value, enabling flexible behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Castegnetti
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - M Zurita
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - B De Martino
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
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12
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Wappner P, Zurita M. The Latin American Society for Developmental Biology: a successful history. Int J Dev Biol 2020; 65:77-81. [PMID: 32813266 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.200019mz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Latin American Society for Developmental Biology (LASDB) is one of the newest societies in this field. However, despite being new, this society already had a highly important impact on the advancement of Developmental Biology across Latin America and globally. From its conception, the society began with the establishment of courses and congresses at the frontiers of knowledge and with the participation of researchers from Latin American countries and other regions, creating an academic and fraternal environment. The first LASDB congress was held in 2003, and recently, in 2019, the LASDB celebrated its tenth meeting, besides the Pan-American congress organized in 2007. Since the creation of this society and throughout its consolidation, the LASDB has been fortunate in receiving the support of highly prominent Developmental Biology societies, with which it has established links and collaboration that have clearly promoted Development Biology not only in Latin America but also in other parts of the world. At this moment, the LASDB looks to the future to continue supporting science in Latin America as it has done up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Wappner
- Instituto Leloir, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Meyer-Nava S, Nieto-Caballero VE, Zurita M, Valadez-Graham V. Insights into HP1a-Chromatin Interactions. Cells 2020; 9:E1866. [PMID: 32784937 PMCID: PMC7465937 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the packaging of DNA into chromatin has become a crucial aspect in the study of gene regulatory mechanisms. Heterochromatin establishment and maintenance dynamics have emerged as some of the main features involved in genome stability, cellular development, and diseases. The most extensively studied heterochromatin protein is HP1a. This protein has two main domains, namely the chromoshadow and the chromodomain, separated by a hinge region. Over the years, several works have taken on the task of identifying HP1a partners using different strategies. In this review, we focus on describing these interactions and the possible complexes and subcomplexes associated with this critical protein. Characterization of these complexes will help us to clearly understand the implications of the interactions of HP1a in heterochromatin maintenance, heterochromatin dynamics, and heterochromatin's direct relationship to gene regulation and chromatin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Viviana Valadez-Graham
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos 62210, Mexico; (S.M.-N.); (V.E.N.-C.); (M.Z.)
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14
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Gutiérrez-Ramos X, Vázquez M, Dorantes-Acosta AE, Díaz-Fleischer F, Peralta-Alvarez CA, Nuñez-Martínez HN, Arzate-Mejía RG, Recillas-Targa F, Arteaga-Vázquez MA, Zurita M. Novel tephritid-specific features revealed from cytological and transcriptomic analysis of Anastrepha ludens embryonic development. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 122:103412. [PMID: 32417415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anastrepha ludens is a major pest of fruits including citrus and mangoes in Mexico and Central America with major economic and social impacts. Despite its importance, our knowledge on its embryonic development is scarce. Here, we report the first cytological study of embryonic development in A. ludens and provide a transcriptional landscape during key embryonic stages. We established 17 stages of A. ludens embryogenesis that closely resemble the morphological events observed in Drosophila. In addition to the extended duration of embryonic development, we observed notable differences including yolk extrusion at both poles of the embryo, distinct nuclear division waves in the syncytial blastoderm and a heterochronic change during the involution of the head. Characterization of the transcriptional dynamics during syncytial blastoderm, cellular blastoderm and gastrulation, showed that approximately 9000 different transcripts are present at each stage. Even though we identified most of the transcripts with a role during embryonic development present in Drosophila, including sex determination genes, a number of transcripts were absent not only in A. ludens but in other tephritids such as Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera dorsalis. Intriguingly, some A. ludens embryo transcripts encode proteins present in other organisms but not in other flies. Furthermore, we developed an RNA in situ hybridization protocol that allowed us to obtain the expression patterns of genes whose functions are important in establishing the embryonic body pattern. Our results revealed novel tephritid-specific features during A. ludens embryonic development and open new avenues for strategies aiming to control this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Gutiérrez-Ramos
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Group of Epigenetics and Developmental Biology, INBIOTECA, Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
| | - Martha Vázquez
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Ana E Dorantes-Acosta
- Group of Epigenetics and Developmental Biology, INBIOTECA, Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
| | - Francisco Díaz-Fleischer
- Group of Epigenetics and Developmental Biology, INBIOTECA, Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Peralta-Alvarez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Hober N Nuñez-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo G Arzate-Mejía
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Félix Recillas-Targa
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Mario A Arteaga-Vázquez
- Group of Epigenetics and Developmental Biology, INBIOTECA, Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico.
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética Del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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Uriostegui-Arcos M, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Valencia-Morales MDP, Melchy-Pérez E, Rosenstein Y, Dominguez L, Zurita M. Disruption of TFIIH activities generates a stress gene expression response and reveals possible new targets against cancer. Open Biol 2020; 10:200050. [PMID: 32543350 PMCID: PMC7333893 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the enzymatic activities of the transcription factor TFIIH by the small molecules Triptolide (TPL) or THZ1 could be used against cancer. Here, we used the MCF10A-ErSrc oncogenesis model to compare the effect of TFIIH inhibitors between transformed cells and their progenitors. We report that tumour cells exhibited highly increased sensitivity to TPL or THZ1 and that the combination of both had a synergic effect. TPL affects the interaction between XPB and p52, causing a reduction in the levels of XPB, p52 and p8, but not other TFIIH subunits. RNA-Seq and RNAPII-ChIP-Seq experiments showed that although the levels of many transcripts were reduced, the levels of a significant number were increased after TPL treatment, with maintained or increased RNAPII promoter occupancy. A significant number of these genes encode for factors that have been related to tumour growth and metastasis, suggesting that transformed cells might rapidly develop resistance to TPL/THZ inhibitors. Some of these genes were also overexpressed in response to THZ1, of which depletion enhances the toxicity of TPL, and are possible new targets against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritere Uriostegui-Arcos
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - María del Pilar Valencia-Morales
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Erika Melchy-Pérez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, Mexico
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Meyer-Nava S, Torres A, Zurita M, Valadez-Graham V. Molecular effects of dADD1 misexpression in chromatin organization and transcription. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:17. [PMID: 32293240 PMCID: PMC7092677 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background dADD1 and dXNP proteins are the orthologs in Drosophila melanogaster of the ADD and SNF2 domains, respectively, of the ATRX vertebrate’s chromatin remodeler, they suppress position effect variegation phenotypes and participate in heterochromatin maintenance. Results We performed a search in human cancer databases and found that ATRX protein levels were elevated in more than 4.4% of the samples analyzed. Using the Drosophila model, we addressed the effects of over and under-expression of dADD1 proteins in polytene cells. Elevated levels of dADD1 in fly tissues caused different phenotypes, such as chromocenter disruption and loss of banding pattern at the chromosome arms. Analyses of the heterochromatin maintenance protein HP1a, the dXNP ATPase and the histone post-translational modification H3K9me3 revealed changes in their chromatin localization accompanied by mild transcriptional defects of genes embedded in heterochromatic regions. Furthermore, the expression of heterochromatin embedded genes in null dadd1 organisms is lower than in the wild-type conditions. Conclusion These data indicate that dADD1 overexpression induces chromatin changes, probably affecting the stoichiometry of HP1a containing complexes that lead to transcriptional and architectural changes. Our results place dADD1 proteins as important players in the maintenance of chromatin architecture and heterochromatic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Meyer-Nava
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelos, Av. Universidad 2001, C.P, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Amada Torres
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelos, Av. Universidad 2001, C.P, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mario Zurita
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelos, Av. Universidad 2001, C.P, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Viviana Valadez-Graham
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelos, Av. Universidad 2001, C.P, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Zurita M, Murillo-Maldonado JM. Drosophila as a Model Organism to Understand the Effects during Development of TFIIH-Related Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020630. [PMID: 31963603 PMCID: PMC7013941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mutations in the transcription and nucleotide excision repair (NER) factor TFIIH are linked with three human syndromes: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), trichothiodystrophy (TTD) and Cockayne syndrome (CS). In particular, different mutations in the XPB, XPD and p8 subunits of TFIIH may cause one or a combination of these syndromes, and some of these mutations are also related to cancer. The participation of TFIIH in NER and transcription makes it difficult to interpret the different manifestations observed in patients, particularly since some of these phenotypes may be related to problems during development. TFIIH is present in all eukaryotic cells, and its functions in transcription and DNA repair are conserved. Therefore, Drosophila has been a useful model organism for the interpretation of different phenotypes during development as well as the understanding of the dynamics of this complex. Interestingly, phenotypes similar to those observed in humans caused by mutations in the TFIIH subunits are present in mutant flies, allowing the study of TFIIH in different developmental processes. Furthermore, studies performed in Drosophila of mutations in different subunits of TFIIH that have not been linked to any human diseases, probably because they are more deleterious, have revealed its roles in differentiation and cell death. In this review, different achievements made through studies in the fly to understand the functions of TFIIH during development and its relationship with human diseases are analysed and discussed.
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Rosales-Vega M, Hernández-Becerril A, Murillo-Maldonado JM, Zurita M, Vázquez M. The role of the trithorax group TnaA isoforms in Hox gene expression, and in Drosophila late development. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206587. [PMID: 30372466 PMCID: PMC6205608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of developmental gene expression in eukaryotes involves several levels. One of them is the maintenance of gene expression along the life of the animal once it is started by different triggers early in development. One of the questions in the field is when in developmental time, the animal start to use the different maintenance mechanisms. The trithorax group (TrxG) of genes was first characterized as essential for maintaining homeotic gene expression. The TrxG gene tonalli interacts genetically and physically with genes and subunits of the BRAHMA BAP chromatin remodeling complex and encodes TnaA proteins with putative E3 SUMO-ligase activity. In contrast to the phenocritic lethal phase of animals with mutations in other TrxG genes, tna mutant individuals die late in development. In this study we determined the requirements of TnaA for survival at pupal and adult stages, in different tna mutant genotypes where we corroborate the lack of TnaA proteins, and the presence of adult homeotic loss-of-function phenotypes. We also investigated whether the absence of TnaA in haltere and leg larval imaginal discs affects the presence of the homeotic proteins Ultrabithorax and Sex combs reduced respectively by using some of the characterized genotypes and more finely by generating TnaA defective clones induced at different stages of development. We found that, tna is not required for growth or survival of imaginal disc cells and that it is a fine modulator of homeotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rosales-Vega
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Adriana Hernández-Becerril
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Juan Manuel Murillo-Maldonado
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Martha Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Bucio-Mendez A, Cruz-Becerra G, Valadez-Graham V, Dinkova TD, Zurita M. The Dmp8-Dmp18 bicistron messenger RNA enables unusual translation during cellular stress. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3887-3897. [PMID: 30270456 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alternatives to the cap mechanism in translation are often used by viruses and cells to allow them to synthesize proteins in events of stress and viral infection. In Drosophila there are hundreds of polycistronic messenger RNA (mRNA), and various mechanisms are known to achieve this. However, proteins in a same mRNA often work in the same cellular mechanism, this is not the case for Drosophila's Swc6/p18Hamlet homolog Dmp18, part of the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex, who is encoded in a bicistronic mRNA next to Dmp8 (Dmp8-Dmp18 transcript), a structural component of transcription factor TFIIH. The organization of these two genes as a bicistron is conserved in all arthropods, however the length of the intercistronic sequence varies from more than 90 to 2 bases, suggesting an unusual translation mechanism for the second open reading frame. We found that even though translation of Dmp18 occurs independently from that of Dmp8, it is necessary for Dmp18 to be in that conformation to allow its correct translation during cellular stress caused by damage via heat-shock and UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyeri Bucio-Mendez
- Department of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Grisel Cruz-Becerra
- Department of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Viviana Valadez-Graham
- Department of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Tzvetanka D Dinkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mario Zurita
- Department of Developmental Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Labbe T, Ciampi E, Cruz JP, Zurita M, Uribe S, Carcamo C. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in the study of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurol 2018; 67:91-98. [PMID: 29999173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammatory and demyelinating disease, modifies the normal connectivity among different brain regions involved in specific functions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), based on local changes in oxygen level as a response to the increase in neural activity, provides an approach to neural connectivity and brain dynamics which give us an overview on visual, motor and cognitive dysfunction and their mechanisms. DEVELOPMENT An advanced search was performed using PubMed. Terms 'fMRI', 'visual', 'motor', 'cognitive' and 'multiple sclerosis' included in title and abstract were considered. We focus on original articles available in English. Articles were included based on their abstracts, looking for those potentially useful for understanding functional changes in MS. An important amount of studies have used fMRI as a complementary tool in the study of MS and clinically relevant alterations compromising visual, motor and cognitive domains. Since the earliest stages of the disease, local activity, and global neural dynamics appear to be compromised. Even when functional performance is still preserved, a different recruitment of neural resources arises as a compensatory response to disconnection observed in the disease. CONCLUSIONS The main findings of fMRI applied to MS are strongly related to the demyelinating nature of the disease and provide an adequate insight into the mechanisms that underlie functional alterations reported in this disease. fMRI also appears to be useful for studying disease evolution and response to treatment in MS and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Labbe
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - E Ciampi
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - J P Cruz
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - M Zurita
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - S Uribe
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - C Carcamo
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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21
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Cruz-Becerra G, Valerio-Cabrera S, Juárez M, Bucio-Mendez A, Zurita M. TFIIH localization is highly dynamic during zygotic genome activation in Drosophila, and its depletion causes catastrophic mitosis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.211631. [PMID: 29643118 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.211631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, zygotic genome activation occurs in pre-blastoderm embryos during rapid mitotic divisions. How the transcription machinery is coordinated to achieve this goal in a very brief time span is still poorly understood. Transcription factor II H (TFIIH) is fundamental for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Herein, we show the in vivo dynamics of TFIIH at the onset of transcription in Drosophila embryos. TFIIH shows an oscillatory behaviour between the nucleus and cytoplasm. TFIIH foci are observed from interphase to metaphase, and colocalize with those for RNAPII phosphorylated at serine 5 (RNAPIIS5P) at prophase, suggesting that transcription occurs during the first mitotic phases. Furthermore, embryos with defects in subunits of either the CAK or the core subcomplexes of TFIIH show catastrophic mitosis. Although, transcriptome analyses show altered expression of several maternal genes that participate in mitosis, the global level of RNAPIIS5P in TFIIH mutant embryos is similar to that in the wild type, therefore, a direct role for TFIIH in mitosis cannot be ruled out. These results provide important insights regarding the role of a basal transcription machinery component when the zygotic genome is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grisel Cruz-Becerra
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, México
| | - Sarai Valerio-Cabrera
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, México
| | - Mandy Juárez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, México
| | - Alyeri Bucio-Mendez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, México
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, México
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Vaquero J, Zurita M, Rico MA, Aguayo C, Fernández C, Gutiérrez R, Rodríguez-Boto G, Saab A, Hassan R, Ortega C. Intrathecal administration of autologous bone marrow stromal cells improves neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury. Neurosci Lett 2018; 670:14-18. [PMID: 29366770 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is highly disabling, responds poorly to pharmacological treatment, and represents a significant cause of decreased quality of life in patients suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI). In recent years, cell therapy with autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been considered as a potential therapeutic weapon in this entity. Ten patients suffering chronic SCI received 100 million MSCs into subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture (month 1 of the study) and this procedure was repeated at months 4 and 7 until reaching a total doses of 300 million MSCs. Intensity of NP was measured by standard numerical rating scale (VAS) from 0 to 10, recording scores previous to the first MSCs administration and monthly, until month 10 of follow-up. Months 1, 4, 7 and 10 of the study were selected as time points in order to a statistical analysis by the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank test. Our results showed significant and progressive improvement in NP intensity after the first administration of MSCs (p: 0.003). This study supports the benefit of intrathecal administration of autologous MSCs for the treatment of NP in patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vaquero
- Service of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrd, Spain.
| | - M Zurita
- Service of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrd, Spain
| | - M A Rico
- Service of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrd, Spain
| | - C Aguayo
- Service of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrd, Spain
| | - C Fernández
- Service of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrd, Spain
| | - R Gutiérrez
- Service of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrd, Spain
| | - G Rodríguez-Boto
- Service of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrd, Spain
| | - A Saab
- Service of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrd, Spain
| | - R Hassan
- Service of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrd, Spain
| | - C Ortega
- Service of Neurosurgery, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrd, Spain
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Gurrion C, Uriostegui M, Zurita M. Heterochromatin Reduction Correlates with the Increase of the KDM4B and KDM6A Demethylases and the Expression of Pericentromeric DNA during the Acquisition of a Transformed Phenotype. J Cancer 2017; 8:2866-2875. [PMID: 28928876 PMCID: PMC5604219 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have alterations in chromatin organization, mostly a reduction in heterochromatin. How this process occurs during transformation and if it participates in the maintenance of a cancerous phenotype is not well understood. Here, using a transformation-inducible cell line, we analyzed the changes that occur in heterochromatin during transformation to a cancerous phenotype. After transformation, there is a reduction in heterochromatin bodies and a nuclear reorganization of HP1α. These occurrences correlate with reductions in H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 levels and with some of the enzymes that introduce these modifications. At the same time, there are increases in the KDM4B and KDM6A/UTX demethylases and an enhancement in the transcription of pericentromeric DNA that correlate with the reduction of H3K9me3 and the recruitment of KDM4B to these elements. The depletion of KDM4B and KDM6A/UTX has a more deleterious effect in transformed cells than in their progenitors, suggesting an important role for these enzymes in the survival of cancerous cells. These results provide new insights into heterochromatin dynamics during transformation to a cancerous phenotype as well as some of the participating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Gurrion
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular. Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 62250 Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Maritere Uriostegui
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular. Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 62250 Cuernavaca Morelos, México
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular. Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 62250 Cuernavaca Morelos, México
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Kozlova T, Perezgasga L, Reynaud E, Zurita M. The Drosophila melanogaster homologue of the hsp60 gene is encoded by the essential locus l(1)10Ac and is differentially expressed during fly development. Dev Genes Evol 2017; 207:253-263. [PMID: 27747423 DOI: 10.1007/s004270050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The hsp60 (heat-shock protein 60) gene family of molecular chaperones has been a subject of study in numerous systems due to its important role in the correct folding of non-native proteins in development as well as after heat-shock treatment. Here we present the characterization of the first Drosophila hsp60 homologue. Drosophila HSP60 is most closely related (72% identity across the entire protein sequence) to the mouse mitochondrial HSP60. Western blot experiments indicate that Drosophila HSP60 is enriched in the mitochondrial fraction. The distribution of HSP60 protein is dynamic during fly embryogenesis, suggesting that various cell types might have different HSP60 requirements. The molecular analysis of a P-element-induced mutation that affects the l(1)10Ac locus shows that the transposon is inserted in a 3-kb intron present in the hsp60 gene. By genetic rescue experiments we prove that Drosophila HSP60 is encoded by the essential locus l(1)10Ac opening the possibility for detailed genetic analysis of HSP60 functions in the fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kozlova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia, , , , , , RU
| | - Lucia Perezgasga
- Departamento de Genética y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia, UNAM. APDO-Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México, , , ,
| | - Enrique Reynaud
- Departamento de Genética y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia, UNAM. APDO-Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México, , , ,
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia, UNAM. APDO-Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México, , , ,
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Chavez J, Murillo-Maldonado JM, Bahena V, Cruz AK, Castañeda-Sortibrán A, Rodriguez-Arnaiz R, Zurita M, Valadez-Graham V. dAdd1 and dXNP prevent genome instability by maintaining HP1a localization at Drosophila telomeres. Chromosoma 2017; 126:697-712. [PMID: 28688038 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-017-0634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are important contributors to genome stability, as they prevent linear chromosome end degradation and contribute to the avoidance of telomeric fusions. An important component of the telomeres is the heterochromatin protein 1a (HP1a). Mutations in Su(var)205, the gene encoding HP1a in Drosophila, result in telomeric fusions, retrotransposon regulation loss and larger telomeres, leading to chromosome instability. Previously, it was found that several proteins physically interact with HP1a, including dXNP and dAdd1 (orthologues to the mammalian ATRX gene). In this study, we found that mutations in the genes encoding the dXNP and dAdd1 proteins affect chromosome stability, causing chromosomal aberrations, including telomeric defects, similar to those observed in Su(var)205 mutants. In somatic cells, we observed that dXNP and dAdd1 participate in the silencing of the telomeric HTT array of retrotransposons, preventing anomalous retrotransposon transcription and integration. Furthermore, the lack of dAdd1 results in the loss of HP1a from the telomeric regions without affecting other chromosomal HP1a binding sites; mutations in dxnp also affected HP1a localization but not at all telomeres, suggesting a specialized role for dAdd1 and dXNP proteins in locating HP1a at the tips of the chromosomes. These results place dAdd1 as an essential regulator of HP1a localization and function in the telomere heterochromatic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselyn Chavez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Murillo-Maldonado
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Vanessa Bahena
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana Karina Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genética. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. Copilco-Universidad, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - América Castañeda-Sortibrán
- Laboratorio de Genética. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. Copilco-Universidad, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosario Rodriguez-Arnaiz
- Laboratorio de Genética. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. Copilco-Universidad, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Viviana Valadez-Graham
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Tovar Martin I, Vargas P, Zurita M, Guerrero R, Saura E, Osorio J, Horcajadas A, Busquier J, Prieto C, Rodríguez S, Ruiz A, Ching R, Expósito J, Del Moral R. EP-1129: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of cavernous sinus meningiomas. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tue NT, Yoshioka Y, Mizoguchi M, Yoshida H, Zurita M, Yamaguchi M. DREF plays multiple roles during Drosophila development. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2017; 1860:705-712. [PMID: 28363744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DREF was originally identified as a transcription factor that coordinately regulates the expression of DNA replication- and proliferation-related genes in Drosophila. Subsequent studies demonstrated that DREF is involved in tumor suppressor pathways including p53 and Hippo signaling. DREF also regulates the expression of genes encoding components of the JNK and EGFR pathways during Drosophila development. DREF itself is under the control of the TOR pathway during cell and tissue growth responding to nutrition. Recent studies revealed that DREF plays a role in chromatin organization including insulator function, chromatin remodeling, and telomere maintenance. DREF is also involved in the regulation of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis, linking it to cellular proliferation. Thus, DREF is now emerging as not only a transcription factor, but also a multi-functional protein. In this review, we summarize current advances in studies on the novel functions of Drosophila DREF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Trong Tue
- Gene-Protein Research Center, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yasuhide Yoshioka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Megumi Mizoguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo Y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62250 Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; The Center for Advanced Insect Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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Monribot-Villanueva J, Zurita M, Vázquez M. Developmental transcriptional regulation by SUMOylation, an evolving field. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 27935206 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational protein modification that affects the intracellular localization, stability, activity, and interactions of its protein targets. The SUMOylation pathway influences several nuclear and cytoplasmic processes. The expression of many genes, in particular those involved in development is finely tuned in space and time by several groups of proteins. There is growing evidence that transcriptional regulation mechanisms involve direct SUMOylation of transcriptional-related proteins such as initiation and elongation factors, and subunits of chromatin modifier and remodeling complexes originally described as members of the trithorax and Polycomb groups in Drosophila. Therefore, it is being unveiled that SUMOylation has a role in both, gene silencing and gene activation mechanisms. The goal of this review is to discuss the information on how SUMO modification in components of these multi-subunit complexes may have an effect in genome architecture and function and, therefore, in the regulation of gene expression in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Monribot-Villanueva
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Martha Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Miranda-Rodríguez JR, Salas-Vidal E, Lomelí H, Zurita M, Schnabel D. RhoA/ROCK pathway activity is essential for the correct localization of the germ plasm mRNAs in zebrafish embryos. Dev Biol 2016; 421:27-42. [PMID: 27836552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish germ plasm is composed of mRNAs such as vasa and nanos and of proteins such as Bucky ball, all of which localize symmetrically in four aggregates at the distal region of the first two cleavage furrows. The coordination of actin microfilaments, microtubules and kinesin is essential for the correct localization of the germ plasm. Rho-GTPases, through their effectors, coordinate cytoskeletal dynamics. We address the participation of RhoA and its effector ROCK in germ plasm localization during the transition from two- to eight-cell embryos. We found that active RhoA is enriched along the cleavage furrow during the first two division cycles, whereas ROCK localizes at the distal region of the cleavage furrows in a similar pattern as the germ plasm mRNAs. Specific inhibition of RhoA and ROCK affected microtubules organization at the cleavage furrow; these caused the incorrect localization of the germ plasm mRNAs. The incorrect localization of the germ plasm led to a dramatic change in the number of germ cells during the blastula and 24hpf embryo stages without affecting any other developmental processes. We demonstrate that the Rho/ROCK pathway is intimately related to the determination of germ cells in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerónimo Roberto Miranda-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, Mexico
| | - Enrique Salas-Vidal
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, Mexico
| | - Hilda Lomelí
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, Mexico
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, Mexico
| | - Denhi Schnabel
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, Mexico.
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Zurita M, Cruz-Becerra G. TFIIH: New Discoveries Regarding its Mechanisms and Impact on Cancer Treatment. J Cancer 2016; 7:2258-2265. [PMID: 27994662 PMCID: PMC5166535 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of gene expression is a characteristic of cancer cells, and malignant cells require very high levels of transcription to maintain their cancerous phenotype and survive. Therefore, components of the basal transcription machinery may be considered as targets to preferentially kill cancerous cells. TFIIH is a multisubunit basal transcription factor that also functions in nucleotide excision repair. The recent discoveries of some small molecules that interfere with TFIIH and that preferentially kill cancer cells have increased researchers' interest to elucidate the complex mechanisms by which TFIIH operates. In this review, we summarize the knowledge generated during the 25 years of TFIIH research, highlighting the recent advances in TFIIH structural and mechanistic analyses that suggest the potential of TFIIH as a target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
| | - Grisel Cruz-Becerra
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
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Cruz-Becerra G, Juárez M, Valadez-Graham V, Zurita M. Analysis of Drosophila p8 and p52 mutants reveals distinct roles for the maintenance of TFIIH stability and male germ cell differentiation. Open Biol 2016; 6:rsob.160222. [PMID: 27805905 PMCID: PMC5090060 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene expression is activated by factors that interact within complex machinery to initiate transcription. An important component of this machinery is the DNA repair/transcription factor TFIIH. Mutations in TFIIH result in three human syndromes: xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy. Transcription and DNA repair defects have been linked to some clinical features of these syndromes. However, how mutations in TFIIH affect specific developmental programmes, allowing organisms to develop with particular phenotypes, is not well understood. Here, we show that mutations in the p52 and p8 subunits of TFIIH have a moderate effect on the gene expression programme in the Drosophila testis, causing germ cell differentiation arrest in meiosis, but no Polycomb enrichment at the promoter of the affected differentiation genes, supporting recent data that disagree with the current Polycomb-mediated repression model for regulating gene expression in the testis. Moreover, we found that TFIIH stability is not compromised in p8 subunit-depleted testes that show transcriptional defects, highlighting the role of p8 in transcription. Therefore, this study reveals how defects in TFIIH affect a specific cell differentiation programme and contributes to understanding the specific syndrome manifestations in TFIIH-afflicted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grisel Cruz-Becerra
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Mandy Juárez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Viviana Valadez-Graham
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos 62250, Mexico
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Vargas Arrabal P, Del Moral R, Tovar I, Zurita M, Guerrero R, Linares I, Expósito J, Prieto C, Rodríguez S, Ruiz A. EP-1979: Adyuvant vaginal brachytherapy whitout external beam radiotherapy for endometrial cancer. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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López-Falcón B, Meyer-Nava S, Hernández-Rodríguez B, Campos A, Montero D, Rudiño E, Vázquez M, Zurita M, Valadez-Graham V. Correction: Characterization of the Drosophila Group Ortholog to the Amino-Terminus of the Alpha-Thalassemia and Mental Retardation X-Linked (ATRX) Vertebrate Protein. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149367. [PMID: 26863318 PMCID: PMC4749307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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López-Falcón B, Meyer-Nava S, Hernández-Rodríguez B, Campos A, Montero D, Rudiño E, Vázquez M, Zurita M, Valadez-Graham V. Characterization of the Drosophila group ortholog to the amino-terminus of the alpha-thalassemia and mental retardation X-Linked (ATRX) vertebrate protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113182. [PMID: 25437195 PMCID: PMC4249797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ATRX gene encodes hATRX, a chromatin-remodeling protein harboring an helicase/ATPase and ADD domains. The ADD domain has two zinc fingers that bind to histone tails and mediate hATRX binding to chromatin. dAtrx, the putative ATRX homolog in Drosophila melanogaster, has a conserved helicase/ATPase domain but lacks the ADD domain. A bioinformatic search of the Drosophila genome using the human ADD sequence allowed us to identify the CG8290 annotated gene, which encodes three ADD harboring- isoforms generated by alternative splicing. This Drosophila ADD domain is highly similar in structure and in the amino acids which mediate the histone tail contacts to the ADD domain of hATRX as shown by 3D modeling. Very recently the CG8290 annotated gene has been named dadd1. We show through pull-down and CoIP assays that the products of the dadd1 gene interact physically with dAtrxL and HP1a and all of them mainly co-localize in the chromocenter, although euchromatic localization can also be observed through the chromosome arms. We confirm through ChIP analyses that these proteins are present in vivo in the same heterochromatic regions. The three isoforms are expressed throughout development. Flies carrying transheterozygous combinations of the dadd1 and atrx alleles are semi-viable and have different phenotypes including the appearance of melanotic masses. Interestingly, the dAdd1-b and c isoforms have extra domains, such as MADF, which suggest newly acquired functions of these proteins. These results strongly support that, in Drosophila, the atrx gene diverged and that the dadd1-encoded proteins participate with dAtrx in some cellular functions such as heterochromatin maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda López-Falcón
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Silvia Meyer-Nava
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Benjamín Hernández-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Adam Campos
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Daniel Montero
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Enrique Rudiño
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Martha Vázquez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail: (VVG); (MZ)
| | - Viviana Valadez-Graham
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail: (VVG); (MZ)
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Abstract
General transcription is required for the growth and survival of all living cells. However, tumor cells require extraordinary levels of transcription, including the transcription of ribosomal RNA genes by RNA polymerase I (RNPI) and mRNA by RNA polymerase II (RNPII). In fact, cancer cells have mutations that directly enhance transcription and are frequently required for cancer transformation. For example, the recent discovery that MYC enhances the transcription of the majority genes in the genome correlates with the fact that several transcription interfering drugs preferentially kill cancer cells. In recent years, advances in the mechanistic studies of the basal transcription machinery and the discovery of drugs that interfere with multiple components of transcription are being used to combat cancer. For example, drugs such as triptolide that targets the general transcription factors TFIIH and JQ1 to inhibit BRD4 are administered to target the high proliferative rate of cancer cells. Given the importance of finding new strategies to preferentially sensitize tumor cells, this review primarily focuses on several transcription inhibitory drugs to demonstrate that the basal transcription machinery constitutes a potential target for the design of novel cancer drugs. We highlight the drugs’ mechanisms for interfering with tumor cell survival, their importance in cancer treatment and the challenges of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Zurita
- Departament of Developmental Genetics, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico.
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Guerrero Tejada M, Tovar I, Zurita M, Del moral R, Expósito J, Martínez M, Gentil M, Linares I, Vargas P, Prieto C. EP-1405: Stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of melanoma brain metastases. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Linares I, Gentil M, Tovar I, Matínez M, Del Moral R, Expósito J, Guerrero R, Zurita M, Prieto C, Pérez-Carrascosa F. EP-1100: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Intergroup 0099: Feasibility and results. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Exposito Hernandez J, Tovar I, Jaen J, Alonso E, Del Moral R, Guerrero R, Martínez M, Zurita M, Gentil M, Linares I. PO-0763: Use of palliative radiotherapy in brain and bone metastases (VARA II study). Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)30881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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del Moral R, Tovar I, Zurita M, Vargas P, Guerrero R, Gentil M, Linares I, Martínez M, Navarro M. Concomitant boost in early breast cancer. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Monribot-Villanueva J, Juárez-Uribe RA, Palomera-Sánchez Z, Gutiérrez-Aguiar L, Zurita M, Kennison JA, Vázquez M. TnaA, an SP-RING protein, interacts with Osa, a subunit of the chromatin remodeling complex BRAHMA and with the SUMOylation pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62251. [PMID: 23620817 PMCID: PMC3631182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tonalli A (TnaA) is a Drosophila melanogaster protein with an XSPRING domain. The XSPRING domain harbors an SP-RING zinc-finger, which is characteristic of proteins with SUMO E3 ligase activity. TnaA is required for homeotic gene expression and is presumably involved in the SUMOylation pathway. Here we analyzed some aspects of the TnaA location in embryo and larval stages and its genetic and biochemical interaction with SUMOylation pathway proteins. We describe that there are at least two TnaA proteins (TnaA130 and TnaA123) differentially expressed throughout development. We show that TnaA is chromatin-associated at discrete sites on polytene salivary gland chromosomes of third instar larvae and that tna mutant individuals do not survive to adulthood, with most dying as third instar larvae or pupae. The tna mutants that ultimately die as third instar larvae have an extended life span of at least 4 to 15 days as other SUMOylation pathway mutants. We show that TnaA physically interacts with the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9, and with the BRM complex subunit Osa. Furthermore, we show that tna and osa interact genetically with SUMOylation pathway components and individuals carrying mutations for these genes show a phenotype that can be the consequence of misexpression of developmental-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Monribot-Villanueva
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - R. Alejandro Juárez-Uribe
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Zoraya Palomera-Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Lucía Gutiérrez-Aguiar
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mario Zurita
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - James A. Kennison
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martha Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología Molecular y Genética del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Villicaña C, Cruz G, Zurita M. The genetic depletion or the triptolide inhibition of TFIIH in p53 deficient cells induce a JNK-dependent cell death in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2502-15. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TFIIH participates in transcription, nucleotide excision repair and the control of the cell cycle. In this work, we demonstrate that the Dmp52 subunit of TFIIH in Drosophila physically interacts with the fly p53 homologue, Dp53. The depletion of Dmp52 in the wing disc generates chromosome fragility, increases apoptosis and produces wings with a reduced number of cells; cellular proliferation, however, is not affected. Interestingly, instead of suppressing the apoptotic phenotype, the depletion of Dp53 in Dmp52-depleted wing disc cells increases apoptosis and the number of cells that suffer from chromosome fragility. The apoptosis induced by the depletion of Dmp52 alone is partially dependent on the JNK pathway. In contrast, the enhanced apoptosis caused by the simultaneous depletion of Dp53 and Dmp52 is absolutely JNK-dependent. In this study, we also show that the anti-proliferative drug triptolide, which inhibits the ATPase activity of the XPB subunit of TFIIH, phenocopies the JNK-dependent massive apoptotic phenotype of Dp53-depleted wing disc cells; this observation suggests that the mechanism by which triptolide induces apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells involves the activation of the JNK death pathway.
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Herrera-Cruz M, Cruz G, Valadez-Graham V, Fregoso-Lomas M, Villicaña C, Vázquez M, Reynaud E, Zurita M. Physical and functional interactions between Drosophila homologue of Swc6/p18Hamlet subunit of the SWR1/SRCAP chromatin-remodeling complex with the DNA repair/transcription factor TFIIH. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:33567-80. [PMID: 22865882 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.383505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The multisubunit DNA repair and transcription factor TFIIH maintains an intricate cross-talk with different factors to achieve its functions. The p8 subunit of TFIIH maintains the basal levels of the complex by interacting with the p52 subunit. Here, we report that in Drosophila, the homolog of the p8 subunit (Dmp8) is encoded in a bicistronic transcript with the homolog of the Swc6/p18(Hamlet) subunit (Dmp18) of the SWR1/SRCAP chromatin remodeling complex. The SWR1 and SRCAP complexes catalyze the exchange of the canonical histone H2A with the H2AZ histone variant. In eukaryotic cells, bicistronic transcripts are not common, and in some cases, the two encoded proteins are functionally related. We found that Dmp18 physically interacts with the Dmp52 subunit of TFIIH and co-localizes with TFIIH in the chromatin. We also demonstrated that Dmp18 genetically interacts with Dmp8, suggesting that a cross-talk might exist between TFIIH and a component of a chromatin remodeler complex involved in histone exchange. Interestingly, our results also show that when the level of one of the two proteins is decreased and the other maintained, a specific defect in the fly is observed, suggesting that the organization of these two genes in a bicistronic locus has been selected during evolution to allow co-regulation of both genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Herrera-Cruz
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
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Otero L, Zurita M, Bonilla C, Rico MA, Aguayo C, Rodriguez A, Vaquero J. Endogenous neurogenesis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Histol Histopathol 2012; 27:303-15. [PMID: 22237708 DOI: 10.14670/hh-27.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Currently, it is accepted that brain injury promotes endogenous neurogenesis in mammals, primarily in the subventricular zone (SVZ), and newborn cells can migrate to the injured area. We examined the pattern of endogenous neurogenesis in adult rats after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) that was caused by intrastrial administration of collagenase type IV. Our results showed that ICH induced strong endogenous neurogenesis between 72 hours and 7 days after injury, but that the majority of newborn cells did not survive longer than 3 weeks due to apoptosis-mediated cell death. Furthermore, endogenous neurogenesis remained into a small extent at least 1 year after ICH. Because of the growing interest in new strategies for brain regeneration, these data suggest endogenous neurogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis of newborn neuroblasts as potential strategies to improve the consequences of hemorrhagic stroke in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Otero
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Zurita M, Saura E, Tovar I, Arrabal P, Guerrero R, Martínez M, Expósito P, Gentil M, Linares I, Del Moral R. EP-1283 RADIOSURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER BRAIN METASTASES. OUR EXPERIENCE CENTER. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yoshioka Y, Nguyen TT, Fujiwara S, Matsuda R, Valadez-Graham V, Zurita M, Yamaguchi M. Drosophila DREF acting via the JNK pathway is required for thorax development. Genesis 2012; 50:599-611. [PMID: 22307950 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) gene basket (bsk) promoter contains a DNA replication-related element (DRE)-like sequence, raising the possibility of regulation by the DNA replication-related element-binding factor (DREF). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with anti-DREF IgG showed the bsk gene promoter region to be effectively amplified. Luciferase transient expression assays revealed the DRE-like sequence to be important for bsk gene promoter activity, and knockdown of DREF decreased the bsk mRNA level and the bsk gene promoter activity. Furthermore, knockdown of DREF in the notum compartment of wing discs by pannier-GAL4 and UAS-DREFIR resulted in a split thorax phenotype. Monitoring of JNK activity in the wing disc by LacZ expression in a puckered (puc)-LacZ enhancer trap line revealed the reduction in DREF knockdown clones. These findings indicate that DREF is involved in regulation of Drosophila thorax development via actions on the JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Valadez-Graham V, Yoshioka Y, Velazquez O, Kawamori A, Vázquez M, Neumann A, Yamaguchi M, Zurita M. XNP/dATRX interacts with DREF in the chromatin to regulate gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:1460-74. [PMID: 22021382 PMCID: PMC3287189 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATRX gene encodes a chromatin remodeling protein that has two important domains, a helicase/ATPase domain and a domain composed of two zinc fingers called the ADD domain. The ADD domain binds to histone tails and has been proposed to mediate their binding to chromatin. The putative ATRX homolog in Drosophila (XNP/dATRX) has a conserved helicase/ATPase domain but lacks the ADD domain. In this study, we propose that XNP/dATRX interacts with other proteins with chromatin-binding domains to recognize specific regions of chromatin to regulate gene expression. We report a novel functional interaction between XNP/dATRX and the cell proliferation factor DREF in the expression of pannier (pnr). DREF binds to DNA-replication elements (DRE) at the pnr promoter to modulate pnr expression. XNP/dATRX interacts with DREF, and the contact between the two factors occurs at the DRE sites, resulting in transcriptional repression of pnr. The occupancy of XNP/dATRX at the DRE, depends on DNA binding of DREF at this site. Interestingly, XNP/dATRX regulates some, but not all of the genes modulated by DREF, suggesting a promoter-specific role of XNP/dATRX in gene regulation. This work establishes that XNP/dATRX directly contacts the transcriptional activator DREF in the chromatin to regulate gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Valadez-Graham
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av Universidad 2001, Col Chamilpa 62250, Cuernavaca Mor, México
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Hernández-Vargas R, Fonseca-Ornelas L, López-González I, Riesgo-Escovar J, Zurita M, Reynaud E. Synphilin suppresses α-synuclein neurotoxicity in a Parkinson's disease Drosophila model. Genesis 2011; 49:392-402. [PMID: 21584925 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in humans. It affects 1% of the population over 65-years old. Its causes are environmental and genetic. As the world population ages, there is an urgent need for better and more detailed animal models for this kind of disease. In this work we show that the use of transgenic Drosophila is comparable to more complicated and costly animal models such as mice. The Drosophila model behaves very similar to the equivalent transgenic mice model. We show that both Synphilin-1 and α-synuclein are toxic by themselves, but when co-expressed, they suppress their toxicity reciprocally. Importantly, the symptoms induced in the fly can be treated and partially reverted using standard PD pharmacological treatments. This work showcases Drosophila as a detailed and multifaceted model for Parkinson's disease, providing a convenient platform in which to study and find new genetic modifiers of PD. genesis 49:392-402, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Hernández-Vargas
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
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Reyes-Carmona S, Valadéz-Graham V, Aguilar-Fuentes J, Zurita M, León-Del-Río A. Trafficking and chromatin dynamics of holocarboxylase synthetase during development of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 103:240-8. [PMID: 21463962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This work examines the cellular localization of holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) and its association to chromatin during different stages of development of Drosophila melanogaster. While HCS is well known for its role in the attachment of biotin to biotin-dependent carboxylase, it also regulates the transcription of HCS and carboxylases genes by triggering a cGMP-dependent signal transduction cascade. Further, its presence in the nucleus of cells suggests additional regulatory roles, but the mechanism involved has remained elusive. In this study, we show in D. melanogaster that HCS migrates to the nucleus at the gastrulation stage. In polytene chromosomes, it is associated to heterochromatin bands where it co-localizes with histone 3 trimethylated at lysine 9 (H3K9met3) but not with the euchromatin mark histone 3 acetylated at lysine 9 (H3K9ac). Further, we demonstrate the association of HCS with the hsp70 promoter by immunofluorescence and chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP) of associated DNA sequences. We demonstrate the occupancy of HCS to the core promoter region of the transcriptionally inactive hsp70 gene. On heat-shock activation of the hsp70 promoter, HCS is displaced and the promoter region becomes enriched with the TFIIH subunits XPD and XPB and elongating RNA pol II, the latter also demonstrated using ChIP assays. We suggest that HCS may have a role in the repression of gene expression through a mechanism involving its trafficking to the nucleus and interaction with heterochromatic sites coincident with H3K9met3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Reyes-Carmona
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, Mexico.
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Palomera-Sanchez Z, Zurita M. Open, repair and close again: chromatin dynamics and the response to UV-induced DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2010; 10:119-25. [PMID: 21130713 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to its link with human pathologies, including cancer, the mechanism of Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) has been extensively studied. Most of the pathway and players have been defined using in vitro reconstitution experiments. However, in vivo, the NER machinery must deal with the presence of organized chromatin, which in some regions, such as heterochromatin, is highly condensed but still susceptible to DNA damage. A series of events involving different chromatin-remodeling factors and histone-modifying enzymes target chromatin regions that contain DNA lesions. CPDs change the structure of the nucleosome, allowing access to factors that can recognize the lesion. Next, DDB1-DDB2 protein complexes, which mono-ubiquitinate histones H2A, H3, and H4, recognize nucleosomes containing DNA lesions. The ubiquitinated nucleosome facilitates the recruitment of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors and the XPC-HR23B-Centrin 2 complex to the target region. Different ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors, such as SWI/SNF and INO80, have been identified as having roles in the UV irradiation response prior to the action of the NER machinery. Subsequently, remodeling of the nucleosome allows enzymatic reactions by histone-modifying factors that may acetylate, methylate or demethylate specific histone residues. Intriguingly, some of these histone modifications are dependent on p53. These histone modifications and the remodeling of the nucleosome allow the entrance of TFIIH, XPC and other NER factors that remove the damaged strand; then, gap-filling DNA synthesis and ligation reactions are carried out after excision of the oligonucleotide with the lesion. Finally, after DNA repair, the initial chromatin structure has to be reestablished. Therefore, factors that modulate chromatin dynamics contribute to the NER mechanism, and they are significant in the future design of treatments for human pathologies related to genome instability and the appearance of drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoraya Palomera-Sanchez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Instituo de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca Morelos 22250, Mexico
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Palomera-Sanchez Z, Bucio-Mendez A, Valadez-Graham V, Reynaud E, Zurita M. Drosophila p53 is required to increase the levels of the dKDM4B demethylase after UV-induced DNA damage to demethylate histone H3 lysine 9. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31370-9. [PMID: 20675387 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.128462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin undergoes a variety of changes in response to UV-induced DNA damage, including histone acetylation. In human and Drosophila cells, this response is affected by mutations in the tumor suppressor p53. In this work, we report that there is a global decrease in trimethylated Lys-9 in histone H3 (H3K9me3) in salivary gland cells in wild type flies in response to UV irradiation. In contrast, flies with mutations in the Dmp53 gene have reduced basal levels of H3K9me3, which are then increased after UV irradiation. The reduction of H3K9me3 in response to DNA damage occurs preferentially in heterochromatin. Our experiments demonstrate that UV irradiation enhances the levels of Lys-9 demethylase (dKDM4B) transcript and protein in wild type flies, but not in Dmp53 mutant flies. Dmp53 binds to a DNA element in the dKdm4B gene as a response to UV irradiation. Furthermore, heterozygous mutants for the dKdm4B gene are more sensitive to UV irradiation; they are deficient in the removal of cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers, and the decrease of H3K9me3 levels following DNA damage is not observed in dKdm4B mutant flies. We propose that in response to UV irradiation, Dmp53 enhances the expression of the dKDM4B histone demethylase, which demethylates H3K9me3 preferentially in heterochromatin regions. This mechanism appears to be essential for the proper function of the nucleotide excision repair system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoraya Palomera-Sanchez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 62250, Cuernavaca Morelos, México
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