1
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Kuang H, Peng X, Liu Y, Li D. The pro-absorptive effect of glycosylated zein-fatty acid complexes on fucoxanthin via the lipid transporter protein delivery pathway. Food Chem 2024; 446:138892. [PMID: 38432136 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Growing research confirms that lipid transport proteins play a key role in the trans-intestinal epithelial transport of carotenoids. In this study, to simultaneously improve the digestive stability and intestinal absorption of fucoxanthin (FX), functionalized vectors with a capability of up-regulating the expression of FX-specific lipid transporter proteins was fabricated. The results showed that myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid effectively promoted FX-specific lipid transporter protein expression and formed stable self-assembly complexes with Millard-modified zein (MZ). The FX was sufficiently encapsulated in the MZ-fatty acid (FA) particles, forming spherical nanoparticles with a "core-shell" structure. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed that FA introduction significantly increased the FX bioaccessibility. In vivo results further verified that adding FAs dramatically increased the FX serum response concentration. These findings suggest that incorporating nutrients that can promote lipid transporter protein expression into delivery vehicles should be an effective strategy for improving oral carotenoid absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Kuang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Peng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Li
- Navy Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Waly HSA, Abdelfattah MG, Abou Khalil NS, Ragab SMM. Role of Eruca sativa L. seeds in boosting the reproductive performance of male Japanese quails (Coturnix c. japonica). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:527-540. [PMID: 38054786 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein we attempt to shed light on the potential improving effect of Eruca sativa seeds (ESS) on the reproductive aspects of male Japanese quails. To accomplish this objective, two groups of quails were supplemented with ESS powder at doses of 5 and 10 g/kg feed from 7 days to 140 days of age, in addition to the control group, which did not receive treatment. Forty males were reared singly in cages to evaluate sperm characters and 32 males were raised with 64 females to evaluate fertility and sperm penetrability. Sixty-six phytochemical compounds were found according to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of ESS. The most plentiful ones are 13-docosenoic acid methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, and linoleic acid methyl ester. Both 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg doses of ESS showed similar effectiveness in enhancing various reproductive parameters, including gonadal index, sperm characteristics, fertility, libido, and cloacal gland attributes. However, some aspects like sperm concentration and testosterone levels exhibited a dose-dependent response. There is no significant change in mortality rate of supplemented groups compared to the control one. ESS also caused a reduction in feed intake and an enhancement in feed conversion ratio without affecting final body weight and body weight gain. This suggests potential nutritional benefits beyond reproductive health. The low-dose-fed group showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol and malondialdehyde compared to the high-dose-fed and unfed groups. The higher dose notably increased total antioxidant capacity compared to the lower dose and control group. Despite the positive effects on male reproductive parameters, there wasn't a significant impact on hatchability percentage, indicating that while male fertility improved, it might not have directly affected the viability of the eggs. Overall, the study suggests that ESS could be a safe and promising addition to the diet of male Japanese quails to enhance their reproductive capabilities without adverse effects. The findings could have implications for poultry farming by potentially improving breeding efficiency and health outcomes in quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S A Waly
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Nasser S Abou Khalil
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Merit University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Sohair M M Ragab
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
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3
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Campos SB, de Oliveira Filho JG, Salgaço MK, Jesus MHD, Egea MB. Effects of Peanuts and Pistachios on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:4440. [PMID: 38137244 PMCID: PMC10743156 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota is associated with various aspects of human health, including immune system regulation, vitamin synthesis, short-chain fatty acid production, etc. Peanuts and pistachios are foods rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, polyphenols, and other dietary components that have been shown to benefit the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review aims to describe the effects of consuming peanuts and pistachios on the gut microbiota and the potential role of these microbiota in human health. This review suggests that the consumption of peanuts or pistachios can demonstrate the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the gut microbiota by promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria that produce, for example, short-chain fatty acids that are beneficial for human health. In the case of peanuts, in particular, the possible modulation of the microbiota is associated with an improvement in the risk factors of metabolic syndrome and the inflammatory process triggered by a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphani Borges Campos
- Goiano Federal Institute, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil; (S.B.C.); (M.H.D.J.)
| | | | - Mateus Kawata Salgaço
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (J.G.d.O.F.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Marisa Helena De Jesus
- Goiano Federal Institute, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil; (S.B.C.); (M.H.D.J.)
| | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil; (S.B.C.); (M.H.D.J.)
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4
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Yang J, Zou J, Mai H, Hong T, Liu H, Feng D. Curcumin protects against high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic simple fatty liver by inhibiting intestinal and hepatic NPC1L1 expression via down-regulation of SREBP-2/HNF1α pathway in hamsters. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109403. [PMID: 37307885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) mediates cholesterol absorption and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic simple fatty liver (NASFL). Our previous study showed that curcumin reduced NPC1L1 expression and cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells. This study aimed to investigate whether curcumin could inhibit intestinal and hepatic NPC1L1 expression through suppressing sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) / hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) pathway, then exert anti-NASFL effects. Six-week hamsters were fed high-fat diet (HFD) with or without 0.1% curcumin for 12 weeks. Curcumin supplementation lowered blood total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (20.2%, 48.7% and 36.5%), and reduced liver TC and TG contents (26.1% and 26.5%). Oil Red O staining demonstrated that curcumin significantly alleviated HFD-induced liver fat accumulation and hepatic steatosis, which was accompanied by reduced intestinal and hepatic NPC1L1, SREBP-2 and HNF1α expression (p < 0.05) and increased fecal neutral sterol excretion (114.5%). Furthermore, curcumin decreased cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells and HepG2 cells (49.2 % and 52.7 %). The inhibitory effects of curcumin on NPC1L1 expression and cholesterol absorption could be prevented by blockade of the SREBP-2 and HNF1α pathway. These findings indicated that curcumin protected against HFD-induced NASFL by inhibiting intestinal and hepatic NPC1L1 expression via down-regulation of SREBP-2/HNF1α pathway, thus reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption and hepatic biliary cholesterol reabsorption, consequently alleviating liver cholesterol accumulation and steatosis. Our study provides evidence for curcumin as a potential nutritional therapy for NASFL by regulating NPC1L1 and enterohepatic circulation of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Haiyan Mai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ting Hong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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5
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D'Ambrosio M, Bigagli E, Cinci L, Gencarelli M, Chioccioli S, Biondi N, Rodolfi L, Niccolai A, Zambelli F, Laurino A, Raimondi L, Tredici MR, Luceri C. Tisochrysis lutea F&M-M36 Mitigates Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome and Promotes Visceral Fat Browning through β3-Adrenergic Receptor/UCP1 Signaling. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050303. [PMID: 37233497 DOI: 10.3390/md21050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-metabolic syndrome (pre-MetS) may represent the best transition phase to start treatments aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risk factors of MetS. In this study, we investigated the effects of the marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea F&M-M36 (T. lutea) on cardiometabolic components of pre-MetS and its underlying mechanisms. Rats were fed a standard (5% fat) or a high-fat diet (20% fat) supplemented or not with 5% of T. lutea or fenofibrate (100 mg/Kg) for 3 months. Like fenofibrate, T. lutea decreased blood triglycerides (p < 0.01) and glucose levels (p < 0.01), increased fecal lipid excretion (p < 0.05) and adiponectin (p < 0.001) without affecting weight gain. Unlike fenofibrate, T. lutea did not increase liver weight and steatosis, reduced renal fat (p < 0.05), diastolic (p < 0.05) and mean arterial pressure (p < 0.05). In visceral adipose tissue (VAT), T. lutea, but not fenofibrate, increased the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3ADR) (p < 0.05) and Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) (p < 0.001) while both induced glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) protein expression (p < 0.001) and decreased interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β gene expression (p < 0.05). Pathway analysis on VAT whole-gene expression profiles showed that T. lutea up-regulated energy-metabolism-related genes and down-regulated inflammatory and autophagy pathways. The multitarget activity of T. lutea suggests that this microalga could be useful in mitigating risk factors of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D'Ambrosio
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elisabetta Bigagli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Gencarelli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Sofia Chioccioli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Natascia Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Liliana Rodolfi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
- Fotosintetica & Microbiologica S.r.l., Via di Santo Spirito 14, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Niccolai
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Zambelli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario R Tredici
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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6
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Zhang F, Li J, Chang C, Gu L, Xiong W, Su Y, Yang Y. The Association of Dietary Cholesterol from Egg Consumption on Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Varies from Person to Person. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14977-14988. [PMID: 36416372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The public and scientists remain skeptical about egg consumption, given that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death in worldwide. This review mainly explained the recurrence of contradictory conclusions about relationships between egg consumption and CVD risk and discussed effects of egg cholesterol intake on cholesterol homeostasis. Factors including individual health status and cholesterol sensitivity, dietary pattern, region, and race should be distinguished when understanding generalized conclusions. Identified compensatory mechanisms in response to dietary cholesterol and the resulting balance in cholesterol biosynthesis, absorption, and efflux supported the view that moderate egg consumption had no substantial overall impacts on cholesterol homeostasis in healthy people. Excessive cholesterol intake is not recommended in individuals with distempered metabolism. More than cholesterol metabolism, impacts of egg consumption as a part of overall diet on CVD risk should be considered from aspects of nutrient intake, lipid metabolism, and energy supply in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Cuihua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Luping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, Hunan 415400, PR China
| | - Yujie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
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7
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Zheng M, Guo Y, Li W, Wu M, Xu M, Shao M, He G, Liu Y. Medium Chain Triglycerides Promote the Uptake of β-Carotene in O/W Emulsions via Intestinal Transporter SR-B1 in Caco-2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9377-9387. [PMID: 35861437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the impacts of carrier oil types (long chain triglycerides (LCT), medium chain triglycerides (MCT), and orange oil (indigestible oil)) on the micellization and cellular uptake of β-carotene (BC) formulated in O/W emulsions, with an emphasis on the role of intestinal transporters. The micellization and cellular uptake of BC in the gastrointestinal tract were evaluated via an in vitro digestion model and a Caco-2 cell monolayer. And the interactions between lipids and intestinal transporters were monitored by nontargeted lipidomics, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The BC micellization rates followed a decreasing trend in emulsions: corn oil (69.47 ± 4.19%) > MCT (22.22 ± 0.89%) > orange oil (11.01 ± 2.86%), whereas the cellular uptake rate of BC was significantly higher in MCT emulsion (56.30 ± 20.13%) than in corn oil emulsion (14.01 ± 1.04%, p < 0.05). The knockdown of SR-B1 led to a 31.63% loss of BC cellular uptake from MCT micelles but had no effect on corn oil micelles. Lipidomics and transporter analysis revealed that TG (10:0/10:0/12:0) and TG (10:0/12:0/12:0) might be the fingerprint lipids that promoted the cellular absorption of BC-MCT micelles via stimulating the mRNA expression of SR-B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengman Zheng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Nutriology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University (Shaoxing Municipal Hospital), Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Yi Guo
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenyun Li
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingjing Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Manman Shao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University/Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Tjandrawinata RR, Kartawijaya M, Hartanti AW. In vitro Evaluation of the Anti-hypercholesterolemic Effect of Lactobacillus Isolates From Various Sources. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:825251. [PMID: 35295304 PMCID: PMC8920493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.825251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of 11 Lactobacillus isolates was investigated in vitro by measuring remaining cholesterol in growth media, growth ability in media supplemented with cholesterol, and BSH activity. Among the selected isolates, DLBSH104, DLBSH122, and DLBSK207 have demonstrated outstanding potential as cholesterol-lowering cultures. The three isolates showed high cholesterol removal by growing cells, whereas resting and dead cells showed less cholesterol removal. Furthermore, visualization of those isolates in growing and non-growing states by SEM showed the ability of DLBSH104 to attach cholesterol to their cell surface. In contrast, alteration of DLBSH122 and DLBSK207 cells did not involve surface attachment of cholesterol. Thus, the isolates’ ability to remove cholesterol is mainly attributed to the cells’ metabolically active state that assimilates and incorporates cholesterol into the cell membrane as reflected by a significantly higher cholesterol removal in a growing state than a non-growing state. Only in DLBSH104 did cholesterol removal also involve attachment on the cell surface. Moreover, DLBSH104 has beneficially affected the host cell by a significant reduction of NPC1L1 mRNA levels that are responsible for intestinal cholesterol absorption. In hepatic cells, cell-free supernatant (CFS) from DLBSH104 and DLBSK207 were able to reduce LDLR and HMGCR mRNA at the transcription level. To sum up, L. helveticus DLBSH104 and L. plantarum DLBSK207 are confirmed as isolates with an anti-hypercholesterolemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, PT Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata,
| | - Medicia Kartawijaya
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, PT Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
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9
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WANG S, YU D, SHI Y, JIANG L, YANG F, YU G. Investigation into the bioavailability of synthesized phytosterol esters in vitro and in vivo using Caco-2 cell model and Wistar rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.68620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirang WANG
- Northeast Agricultural University, China; Heilongjiang Communications Polytechnic, China
| | - Dianyu YU
- Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Yongge SHI
- Jiusan Grains and Oils Industrial Group Co., China
| | | | | | - Guoping YU
- Northeast Agricultural University, China
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10
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Wu HQ, Ma ZL, Zhang DX, Wu P, Guo YH, Yang F, Li DY. Sequential Extraction, Characterization, and Analysis of Pumpkin Polysaccharides for Their Hypoglycemic Activities and Effects on Gut Microbiota in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769181. [PMID: 34805250 PMCID: PMC8596442 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to extract polysaccharides from pumpkin, characterize the structures of four of them, and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. Additionally, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established and used to determine their hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Water-extracted crude pumpkin polysaccharides (W-CPPs), water extraction and alcohol precipitation crude pumpkin polysaccharides (WA-CPPs), deproteinized pumpkin polysaccharides (DPPs), and refined pumpkin polysaccharides (RPPs) were sequentially extracted and purified from pumpkin powder by hot water extraction, water extraction, and alcohol precipitation, deproteinization and DEAE-52 cellulose gel column, respectively. The extraction and purification methods had significant influence on the extraction yield, physicochemical properties, and in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. W-CCP and RPPs had a significant positive free radical-scavenging capacities and inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. RPP-3 not only inhibited the uptake of glucose in Caco-2 monolayer but also promoted the excretion of glucose, while RPP-2 had no inhibitory effect. Animal experiment results showed that W-CPP treatment significantly improved the T2DM symptoms in mice, which included lowering of fasting blood glucose (FBG), reducing insulin resistance (IR), and lowering of blood lipid levels. It increased the diversity of intestinal flora and reduced the harmful flora of model mice, which included Clostridium, Thermoanaerobe, Symbiotic bacteria, Deinococcus, Vibrio haematococcus, Proteus gamma, and Corio. At the family level, W-CPP (1,200 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae, and the Akkermanaceae of Verrucobacterium became a biomarker. Pumpkin polysaccharides reshaped the intestinal flora by reducing Erysipelotrichaceae and increasing Akkermansia abundance, thereby improving blood glucose and lipid metabolism in the T2DM mice. Our results suggest that W-CCP and RPP-3 possess strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, and are potential candidates for food additives or natural medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Wu
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Li Ma
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Xin Zhang
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Guo
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yuan Li
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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11
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Evangelista-Silva PH, Prates RP, Leite JSM, Moreno LG, Goulart-Silva F, Esteves EA. Intestinal GLUT5 and FAT/CD36 transporters and blood glucose are reduced by a carotenoid/MUFA-rich oil in high-fat fed mice. Life Sci 2021; 279:119672. [PMID: 34097971 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Intestinal nutrient absorption plays a vital role in developing obesity, and nutrient transporters expressed in the enterocytes facilitate this process. Moreover, previous studies have shown that specific foods and diets can affect their cell levels. Herein, we investigated the effects of pequi oil (PO), which is high in several bioactive compounds, on intestinal nutrient transporter levels as well as on intestinal morphology and metabolic biomarkers. MAIN METHODS Groups of male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard (C) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and pequi oil (CP and HFDP with PO by gavage at 150 mg/day) for eight weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored, serum metabolic biomarkers, intestinal transporter levels and histological analyses were performed. KEY FINDINGS PO increased caloric intake without increasing body or fat mass regardless of diet. The HFD group treated with PO reduced fasting blood glucose and villus width. PO did not affect GLUT2, L-FABP, FATP4, NPC1L1, NHE3 or PEPT1 content in CP or HFDP groups. GLUT5 and FAT/CD36 levels were reduced in both CP and HFDP. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that PO attenuated monosaccharide and fatty acid absorption, contributing to lower fasting glycemia and higher food intake without affecting body weight or visceral fat of high-fat feed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Evangelista-Silva
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. n. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Lineu Prestes. 1524, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pereira Prates
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. n. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Santos Moreira Leite
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Lineu Prestes. 1524, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lauane Gomes Moreno
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. n. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Francemilson Goulart-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Lineu Prestes. 1524, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. n. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil.
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12
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Dong XJ, Chen JY, Chen SF, Li Y, Zhao XJ. The composition and anti-inflammatory properties of pumpkin seeds. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lerner A. A Fundamental Role for Oxidants and Intracellular Calcium Signals in Alzheimer's Pathogenesis-And How a Comprehensive Antioxidant Strategy May Aid Prevention of This Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2140. [PMID: 33669995 PMCID: PMC7926325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and increased cytoplasmic calcium are key mediators of the detrimental effects on neuronal function and survival in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathways whereby these perturbations arise, and then prevent dendritic spine formation, promote tau hyperphosphorylation, further amplify amyloid β generation, and induce neuronal apoptosis, are described. A comprehensive program of nutraceutical supplementation, comprised of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor phycocyanobilin, phase two inducers, the mitochondrial antioxidant astaxanthin, and the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine, may have important potential for antagonizing the toxic effects of amyloid β on neurons and thereby aiding prevention of AD. Moreover, nutraceutical antioxidant strategies may oppose the adverse impact of amyloid β oligomers on astrocyte clearance of glutamate, and on the ability of brain capillaries to export amyloid β monomers/oligomers from the brain. Antioxidants, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and vitamin D, have potential for suppressing microglial production of interleukin-1β, which potentiates the neurotoxicity of amyloid β. Epidemiology suggests that a health-promoting lifestyle, incorporating a prudent diet, regular vigorous exercise, and other feasible measures, can cut the high risk for AD among the elderly by up to 60%. Conceivably, complementing such lifestyle measures with long-term adherence to the sort of nutraceutical regimen outlined here may drive down risk for AD even further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
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14
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Choo JM, Tran CD, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Stonehouse W, Bowen J, Johnson N, Thompson CH, Watson EJ, Brinkworth GD, Rogers GB. Almond consumption affects fecal microbiota composition, stool pH, and stool moisture in overweight and obese adults with elevated fasting blood glucose: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res 2020; 85:47-59. [PMID: 33444970 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Regular almond consumption has been shown to improve body weight management, lipid profile and blood glucose control. We hypothesized that almond consumption would alter fecal microbiota composition, including increased abundance and activity of potentially beneficial bacterial taxa in adults who are overweight and obese with elevated fasting blood glucose. A total of 69 adults who were overweight or obese with an elevated plasma glucose (age: 60.8 ± 7.4, BMI ≥27 kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose ≥5.6 to <7.0 mmol/L) were randomized to daily consumption of either 2 servings of almonds (AS:56 g/day) or an isocaloric, high carbohydrate biscuit snack for 8 weeks. AS but not biscuit snack experienced significant changes in microbiota composition (P= .011) and increases in bacterial richness, evenness, and diversity (P< .01). Increases in both the relative and absolute abundance of operational taxonomic units in the Ruminococcaceae family, including Ruminiclostridium (false discovery rate P = .002), Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 (P = .002) and Ruminococcaceae UCG-003 (P = .002) were the principal drivers of microbiota-level changes. No changes in fecal short chain fatty acid levels, or in the carriage of the gene encoding butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase (an enzyme involved in butyrate synthesis) occurred. Almond consumption was not associated with reduced gut permeability, but fecal pH (P= .0006) and moisture content (P = .027) decreased significantly in AS when compared to BS. Regular almond consumption increased the abundance of potentially beneficial ruminococci in the fecal microbiota in individuals with elevated blood glucose. However, fecal short-chain fatty acid levels remained unaltered and the capacity for such microbiological effects to precipitate host benefit is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Choo
- Microbiome & Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Cuong D Tran
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Natalie D Luscombe-Marsh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Welma Stonehouse
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Jane Bowen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Nathan Johnson
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Lidcombe 2141, Australia
| | | | - Emma-Jane Watson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 10041, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Grant D Brinkworth
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Health and Biosecurity, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde 2113, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome & Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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15
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Orhan C, Kucuk O, Sahin N, Tuzcu M, Sahin K. Lycopene supplementation does not change productive performance but lowers egg yolk cholesterol and gene expression of some cholesterol-related proteins in laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:227-234. [PMID: 33085516 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1839017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. This work examined the effects of purified lycopene (LYC) supplementation or a source of LYC as tomato powder (TP) on productive performance, egg yolk cholesterol levels as well as gene expression related to mechanism and regulation of cholesterol.2. One hundred and fifty laying hens (Lohman LSL, hybrid) were randomly divided into one of three treatments, with 10 replicates of five hens per cage, totalling 50 hens per treatment. The hens were fed either a standard diet (control) or a standard diet supplemented with 20 mg purified lycopene/kg diet (LYC) or an equal amount of lycopene-containing tomato powder (TP) for 12 weeks.3. Feed consumption, egg production, and feed efficiency remained similar among treatments (P ≥ 0.27). Supplementing lycopene, either as a purified form or in TP, increased the levels of serum and egg yolk lycopene and reduced serum and egg yolk cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.001). Supplementation in either form decreased gene expression for intestinal NPC1L1, MTP, ACAT2, hepatic SREBP1c, ACLY, and LXRα but increased hepatic ABCG5 and ABCG8 (P < 0.001).4. The results of the present work revealed that egg yolk cholesterol metabolism is regulated by the modulation of a group of genes, particularly with LYC supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - O Kucuk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - N Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - K Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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16
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Jiang X, Pan D, Zhang T, Liu C, Zhang J, Su M, Wu Z, Zeng X, Sun Y, Guo Y. Novel milk casein–derived peptides decrease cholesterol micellar solubility and cholesterol intestinal absorption in Caco-2 cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3924-3936. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Currently, the prevention and treatment of CVD have been a global focus since CVD is the number one cause of mortality and morbidity. In the pathogenesis of CVD, it was generally thought that impaired cholesterol homeostasis might be a risk factor. Cholesterol homeostasis is affected by exogenous factors (i.e. diet) and endogenous factors (i.e. certain receptors, enzymes and transcription factors). In this context, the number of studies investigating the potential mechanisms of dietary fatty acids on cholesterol homeostasis have increased in recent years. As well, the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor is a multifunctional membrane receptor involved in fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism, atherothrombosis and inflammation. CD36 is proposed to be a crucial molecule for cholesterol homeostasis in various mechanisms including absorption/reabsorption, synthesis, and transport of cholesterol and bile acids. Moreover, it has been reported that the amount of fatty acids and fatty acid pattern of the diet influence the CD36 level and CD36-mediated cholesterol metabolism principally in the liver, intestine and macrophages. In these processes, CD36-mediated cholesterol and lipoprotein homeostasis might be impaired by dietary SFA and trans-fatty acids, whereas ameliorated by MUFA in the diet. The effects of PUFA on CD36-mediated cholesterol homeostasis are controversial depending on the amount of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA, and the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio. Thus, since the CD36 receptor is suggested to be a novel nutrient-sensitive biomarker, the role of CD36 and dietary fatty acids in cholesterol metabolism might be considered in medical nutrition therapy in the near future. Therefore, the novel nutritional target of CD36 and interventions that focus on dietary fatty acids and potential mechanisms underlying cholesterol homeostasis are discussed in this review.
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Yuan L, Zhang F, Jia S, Xie J, Shen M. Differences between phytosterols with different structures in regulating cholesterol synthesis, transport and metabolism in Caco-2 cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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19
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Walther B, Lett AM, Bordoni A, Tomás‐Cobos L, Nieto JA, Dupont D, Danesi F, Shahar DR, Echaniz A, Re R, Fernandez AS, Deglaire A, Gille D, Schmid A, Vergères G. GutSelf: Interindividual Variability in the Processing of Dietary Compounds by the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900677. [PMID: 31483113 PMCID: PMC6900003 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional research is currently entering the field of personalized nutrition, to a large extent driven by major technological breakthroughs in analytical sciences and biocomputing. An efficient launching of the personalized approach depends on the ability of researchers to comprehensively monitor and characterize interindividual variability in the activity of the human gastrointestinal tract. This information is currently not available in such a form. This review therefore aims at identifying and discussing published data, providing evidence on interindividual variability in the processing of the major nutrients, i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, along the gastrointestinal tract, including oral processing, intestinal digestion, and absorption. Although interindividual variability is not a primary endpoint of most studies identified, a significant number of publications provides a wealth of information on this topic for each category of nutrients. This knowledge remains fragmented, however, and understanding the clinical relevance of most of the interindividual responses to food ingestion described in this review remains unclear. In that regard, this review has identified a gap and sets the base for future research addressing the issue of the interindividual variability in the response of the human organism to the ingestion of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Walther
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
| | - Aaron M. Lett
- Section for Nutrition ResearchDepartment of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri‐Food Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Bologna47521CesenaItaly
| | | | | | - Didier Dupont
- UMR 1253Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'ŒufINRA35000RennesFrance
| | - Francesca Danesi
- Department of Agri‐Food Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Bologna47521CesenaItaly
| | - Danit R. Shahar
- Department of Public HealthThe S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and NutritionBen‐Gurion University of the Negev84105Beer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Ana Echaniz
- Cambridge Food Science LtdCB23 5ABCambridgeUK
| | - Roberta Re
- Cambridge Food Science LtdCB23 5ABCambridgeUK
| | | | - Amélie Deglaire
- UMR 1253Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'ŒufINRA35000RennesFrance
| | - Doreen Gille
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
| | - Alexandra Schmid
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- AgroscopeFederal Department of Economic AffairsEducation and Research EAER3003BerneSwitzerland
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21
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Comparison of long-term effects of egg yolk consumption under normal and high fat diet on lipid metabolism and fatty acids profile in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1195-1206. [PMID: 31275720 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-00545-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the long-term effects of EY consumption under two diet conditions: normal (ND + EY) and high fat diet (HFD + EY), on lipid metabolism in mice. ND + EY did not increase serum triglycerides, total cholesterol hepatic triglyceride concentrations, adipose tissue accumulation and glucose impairment, not leading to fatty liver. HFD + EY markedly decreased adipose tissue accumulation, the triglyceride and total cholesterol, and improved serum HDL-C and blood glucose impairment compared with HFD. PLS-DA analyzes showed both ND + EY and HFD + EY could decrease serum C18:1 and MUFA. HFD + EY could further decrease hepatic C18:2 and PUFA and increase C18:1 and MUFA excretion, which were associated with lower expression of Elovl6 and higher expression of Scd1 in liver. These results suggest that HFD + EY significantly improved dyslipidemia caused by HFD through modifying lipid metabolism, and ND + EY did not adversely affect the biomarkers associated with dyslipidemia risk, but showed less obvious regulation of lipid metabolism than HFD + EY.
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22
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Kuang H, Yang F, Zhang Y, Wang T, Chen G. The Impact of Egg Nutrient Composition and Its Consumption on Cholesterol Homeostasis. CHOLESTEROL 2018; 2018:6303810. [PMID: 30210871 PMCID: PMC6126094 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6303810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deficiencies and excess are involved in many aspects of human health. As a source of essential nutrients, eggs have been used worldwide to support the nutritional needs of human societies. On the other hand, eggs also contain a significant amount of cholesterol, a lipid molecule that has been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Whether the increase of egg consumption will lead to elevated cholesterol absorption and disruption of cholesterol homeostasis has been a concern of debate for a while. Cholesterol homeostasis is regulated through its dietary intake, endogenous biosynthesis, utilization, and excretion. Recently, some research interests have been paid to the effects of egg consumption on cholesterol homeostasis through the intestinal cholesterol absorption. Nutrient components in eggs such as phospholipids may contribute to this process. The goals of this review are to summarize the recent progress in this area and to discuss some potential benefits of egg consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqian Kuang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tiannan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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