1
|
Bouras E, Gill D, Zuber V, Murphy N, Dimou N, Aleksandrova K, Lewis SJ, Martin RM, Yarmolinsky J, Albanes D, Brenner H, Castellví-Bel S, Chan AT, Cheng I, Gruber S, Van Guelpen B, Li CI, Le Marchand L, Newcomb PA, Ogino S, Pellatt A, Schmit SL, Wolk A, Wu AH, Peters U, Gunter MJ, Tsilidis KK. Identification of potential mediators of the relationship between body mass index and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae067. [PMID: 38725300 PMCID: PMC11082423 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most-common cancer worldwide and its rates are increasing. Elevated body mass index (BMI) is an established risk factor for CRC, although the molecular mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, we aimed to investigate the mediating effects of putative biomarkers and other CRC risk factors in the association between BMI and CRC. METHODS We selected as mediators biomarkers of established cancer-related mechanisms and other CRC risk factors for which a plausible association with obesity exists, such as inflammatory biomarkers, glucose homeostasis traits, lipids, adipokines, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), sex hormones, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, smoking, physical activity (PA) and alcohol consumption. We used inverse-variance weighted MR in the main univariable analyses and performed sensitivity analyses (weighted-median, MR-Egger, Contamination Mixture). We used multivariable MR for the mediation analyses. RESULTS Genetically predicted BMI was positively associated with CRC risk [odds ratio per SD (5 kg/m2) = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08-1.24, P-value = 1.4 × 10-5] and robustly associated with nearly all potential mediators. Genetically predicted IGF1, fasting insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, PA and alcohol were associated with CRC risk. Evidence for attenuation was found for IGF1 [explained 7% (95% CI: 2-13%) of the association], smoking (31%, 4-57%) and PA (7%, 2-11%). There was little evidence for pleiotropy, although smoking was bidirectionally associated with BMI and instruments were weak for PA. CONCLUSIONS The effect of BMI on CRC risk is possibly partly mediated through plasma IGF1, whereas the attenuation of the BMI-CRC association by smoking and PA may reflect confounding and shared underlying mechanisms rather than mediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Bouras
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dipender Gill
- Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Verena Zuber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Niki Dimou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol
| | - James Yarmolinsky
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher I Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Pellatt
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Population and Cancer Prevention Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna H Wu
- University of Southern California, Preventative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arthur LW, Ghosh P, Mohammad HR, Campi S, Kendrick BJL, Murray DW, Mellon SJ. Polyethylene bearing wear is comparable for cemented and cementless Oxford unicompartmental knee replacements: Ten-year results of a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:405-417. [PMID: 38298004 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is concern that using cementless components may increase polyethylene wear of the Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement (OUKR). Therefore, this study aimed to measure bearing wear at 10 years in patients from a randomized trial comparing Phase 3 cemented and cementless OUKRs and to investigate factors that may affect wear. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in wear rate between cemented and cementless OUKRs. METHODS Bearing thickness was determined using radiostereometric analysis at postoperative, 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, 5-year and 10-year timepoints. As creep occurs early, wear rate was calculated using linear regression between 6 months and 10 years for 39 knees (20 cemented, 19 cementless). Associations between wear and implant, surgical and patient factors were analysed. RESULTS The linear wear rate of the Phase 3 OUKR was 0.06 mm/year with no significant difference (p = 0.18) between cemented (0.054 mm/year) and cementless (0.063 mm/year) implants. Age, Oxford Knee Score, component size and bearing thickness had no correlation with wear. A body mass index ≥ 30 was associated with a significantly lower wear rate (p = 0.007) as was having ≥80% femoral component contact area on the bearing (p = 0.003). Bearings positioned ≥1.5 mm from the tibial wall had a significantly higher wear rate (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS At 10 years, the Phase 3 OUKR linear wear rate is low and not associated with the fixation method. To minimize the risk of wear-related bearing fracture in the very long-term surgeons should consider using 4 mm bearings in very young active patients and ensure that components are appropriately positioned, which is facilitated by the current instrumentation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan W Arthur
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Oxford Orthopaedic Engineering Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Oxford Orthopaedic Engineering Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hasan R Mohammad
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Oxford Orthopaedic Engineering Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefano Campi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Oxford Orthopaedic Engineering Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin J L Kendrick
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Oxford Orthopaedic Engineering Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Murray
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Oxford Orthopaedic Engineering Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen J Mellon
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Oxford Orthopaedic Engineering Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seiferth C, Fiedler J, Färber T, Pape M, Schroeder S, Herpertz S, Steins-Loeber S, Wolstein J. Bi-directional associations of core affect and physical activity in adults with higher body weight: An ecological momentary assessment study. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241228202. [PMID: 38284358 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241228202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Affect is known to be predictive of and enhanced by higher physical activity (PA) levels in the general population. This secondary analysis aimed to increase the understanding of the bi-directional relationship between PA and core affect (i.e. valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) among adults with higher body weight. Affect and PA were assessed in naturalistic settings via ecological momentary assessment using a mixed sampling scheme from 157 participants (body mass index: 32.99 ± 3.78 kg/m2). Multilevel models revealed that being more physically active in the 15 minutes prior to the assessment predicted an increase in energetic arousal and a decrease in calmness. Subsequently, feeling more energetic and agitated was associated with increased PA within the following 15 minutes. Valence (i.e. pleasure-displeasure) was not associated with PA nor predictive of subsequent PA. Digital PA interventions may target the enhancement of feelings of energy and present psychoeducation about these distinct psychological benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magdalena Pape
- LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tolonen I, Saarinen A, Sebert S, Hintsanen M. Do compassion and self-compassion moderate the relationship between childhood socioeconomic position and adulthood body composition? Psychol Health 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38270065 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2305133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the associations of compassion and self-compassion with body composition, and whether adulthood compassion and self-compassion moderate the relationship between childhood SEP and adulthood body composition. The participants came from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study (n = 789, 52.1% women), with a mean age of 34.0 years. Compassion and self-compassion were measured with the Dispositional Positive Emotions Scale and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, respectively. Body composition was assessed using anthropometric and body fat measurements at a clinic. Childhood SEP included parental occupation, education, and employment. The results showed that high compassion was associated with three out of the five body composition measurements, namely lower waist circumference (B = -0.960, p = 0.039, 95% CI: -1.870; -0.498), body fat percentage (B = -0.693, p = 0.030, 95% CI: -1.317; -0.069), and fat mass index (B = -0.325, p = 0.023, 95% CI: -0.605; -0.044) (adjusted for sex, and childhood and adulthood SEP) but not with body mass index or waist-to-hip ratio. Self-compassion was not associated with body composition. Neither compassion nor self-compassion moderated the association between childhood SEP and adulthood body composition, as the interaction effects were not significant. Therefore, the dispositions did not protect against the negative effects of childhood SEP on adulthood body composition. High other-directed compassion may be, however, associated with healthier body composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iina Tolonen
- Division of Psychology, VISE, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Division of Psychology, VISE, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Goodman MO, Dashti HS, Lane JM, Windred DP, Burns A, Jones SE, Sofer T, Purcell SM, Zhu X, Ollila HM, Kyle SD, Spiegelhalder K, Peker Y, Huang T, Cain SW, Phillips AJK, Saxena R, Rutter MK, Redline S, Wang H. Causal Association Between Subtypes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030568. [PMID: 38084713 PMCID: PMC10863774 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), experienced in 10% to 20% of the population, has been associated with cardiovascular disease and death. However, the condition is heterogeneous and is prevalent in individuals having short and long sleep duration. We sought to clarify the relationship between sleep duration subtypes of EDS with cardiovascular outcomes, accounting for these subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS We defined 3 sleep duration subtypes of excessive daytime sleepiness: normal (6-9 hours), short (<6 hours), and long (>9 hours), and compared these with a nonsleepy, normal-sleep-duration reference group. We analyzed their associations with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke using medical records of 355 901 UK Biobank participants and performed 2-sample Mendelian randomization for each outcome. Compared with healthy sleep, long-sleep EDS was associated with an 83% increased rate of MI (hazard ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.21-2.77]) during 8.2-year median follow-up, adjusting for multiple health and sociodemographic factors. Mendelian randomization analysis provided supporting evidence of a causal role for a genetic long-sleep EDS subtype in MI (inverse-variance weighted β=1.995, P=0.001). In contrast, we did not find evidence that other subtypes of EDS were associated with incident MI or any associations with stroke (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the previous evidence linking EDS with increased cardiovascular disease risk may be primarily driven by the effect of its long-sleep subtype on higher risk of MI. Underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated but may involve sleep irregularity and circadian disruption, suggesting a need for novel interventions in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O. Goodman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
| | - Hassan S. Dashti
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Jacqueline M. Lane
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Daniel P. Windred
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Angus Burns
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Samuel E. Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiFinland
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of BiostatisticsHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Shaun M. Purcell
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Hanna M. Ollila
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Simon D. Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical Centre–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Yuksel Peker
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineKoç University School of MedicineIstanbulTurkey
- Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Sean W. Cain
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew J. K. Phillips
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Martin K. Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism CentreManchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Heming Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hotz I, Deschwanden PF, Mérillat S, Jäncke L. Associations between white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, entorhinal cortex thickness, declarative memory and leisure activity in cognitively healthy older adults: A 7-year study. Neuroimage 2023; 284:120461. [PMID: 37981203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a growing epidemic that affects brain health and cognition. Therefore, a more profound understanding of the interplay between cSVD, brain atrophy, and cognition in healthy aging is of great importance. In this study, we examined the association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume, number of lacunes, entorhinal cortex (EC) thickness, and declarative memory in cognitively healthy older adults over a seven-year period, controlling for possible confounding factors. Because there is no cure for cSVD to date, the neuroprotective potential of an active lifestyle has been suggested. Supporting evidence, however, is scarce. Therefore, a second objective of this study is to examine the relationship between leisure activities, cSVD, EC thickness, and declarative memory. METHODS We used a longitudinal dataset, which consisted of five measurement time points of structural MRI and psychometric cognitive ability and survey data, collected from a sample of healthy older adults (baseline N = 231, age range: 64-87 years, age M = 70.8 years), to investigate associations between cSVD MRI markers, EC thickness and verbal and figural memory performance. Further, we computed physical, social, and cognitive leisure activity scores from survey-based assessments and examined their associations with brain structure and declarative memory. To provide more accurate estimates of the trajectories and cross-domain correlations, we applied latent growth curve models controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Less age-related thinning of the right (β = 0.92, p<.05) and left EC (β = 0.82, p<.05) was related to less declarative memory decline; and a thicker EC at baseline predicted less declarative memory loss (β = 0.54, p<.05). Higher baseline levels of physical (β = 0.24, p<.05), and social leisure activity (β = 0.27, p<.01) predicted less thinning of right EC. No relation was found between WMH or lacunes and declarative memory or between leisure activity and declarative memory. Higher education was initially related to more physical activity (β = 0.16, p<.05) and better declarative memory (β = 0.23, p<.001), which, however, declined steeper in participants with higher education (β = -.35, p<.05). Obese participants were less physically (β = -.18, p<.01) and socially active (β = -.13, p<.05) and had thinner left EC (β = -.14, p<.05) at baseline. Antihypertensive medication use (β = -.26, p<.05), and light-to-moderate alcohol consumption (β = -.40, p<.001) were associated with a smaller increase in the number of lacunes whereas a larger increase in the number of lacunes was observed in current smokers (β = 0.30, p<.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest complex relationships between cSVD MRI markers (total WMH, number of lacunes, right and left EC thickness), declarative memory, and confounding factors such as antihypertensive medication, obesity, and leisure activitiy. Thus, leisure activities and having good cognitive reserve counteracting this neurodegeneration. Several confounding factors seem to contribute to the extent or progression/decline of cSVD, which needs further investigation in the future. Since there is still no cure for cSVD, modifiable confounding factors should be studied more intensively in the future to maintain or promote brain health and thus cognitive abilities in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hotz
- Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zurich, Stampfenbachstrasse 73, Zurich CH-8006, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Frédéric Deschwanden
- Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zurich, Stampfenbachstrasse 73, Zurich CH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Susan Mérillat
- Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zurich, Stampfenbachstrasse 73, Zurich CH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zurich, Stampfenbachstrasse 73, Zurich CH-8006, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hoopes EK, Brewer B, Robson SM, Witman MA, D’Agata MN, Malone SK, Edwards DG, Patterson F. Temporal associations between nightly sleep with daytime eating and activity levels in free-living young adults. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad123. [PMID: 37083715 PMCID: PMC10639157 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study aimed to quantify the temporal associations between nightly sleep quantity and timing with daytime eating behavior and activity levels in free-living (i.e. non-experimental) settings. METHODS Generally healthy young adults (N = 63; 28.9 ± 7.1 years) completed concurrent sleep (wrist actigraphy), eating (photo-assisted diet records), and activity (waist actigraphy) assessments over 14 days. Multilevel models quantified the associations between nightly sleep (total sleep time, timing of sleep and wake onset) with next-day eating behavior (diet quality, caloric intake, timing of eating onset/offset, eating window duration) and activity levels (total physical activity, sedentary time). Associations in the reverse direction (i.e. eating and activity predicting sleep) were explored. Models adjusted for demographic and behavioral confounders and accounted for multiple testing. RESULTS At within- and between-subject levels, nights with greater-than-average total sleep time predicted a shorter eating window the next day (all p ≤ 0.002). Later-than-average sleep and wake timing predicted within- and between-subject delays in next-day eating onset and offset, and between-subject reductions in diet quality and caloric intake (all p ≤ 0.008). At within- and between-subject levels, total sleep time was bidirectionally, inversely associated with sedentary time (all p < 0.001), while later-than-average sleep and wake timing predicted lower next-day physical activity (all p ≤ 0.008). CONCLUSIONS These data underscore the complex interrelatedness between sleep, eating behavior, and activity levels in free-living settings. Findings also suggest that sleep exerts a greater influence on next-day behavior, rather than vice versa. While testing in more diverse samples is needed, these data have potential to enhance health behavior interventions and maximize health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa K Hoopes
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Benjamin Brewer
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Shannon M Robson
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Melissa A Witman
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Susan K Malone
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David G Edwards
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Freda Patterson
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren J, Lin Z, Pan W. Integrating GWAS summary statistics, individual-level genotypic and omic data to enhance the performance for large-scale trait imputation. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2693-2703. [PMID: 37369060 PMCID: PMC10460491 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a non-parametric method has been proposed to impute the genetic component of a trait for a large set of genotyped individuals based on a separate genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary dataset of the same trait (from the same population). The imputed trait may contain linear, non-linear and epistatic effects of genetic variants, thus can be used for downstream linear or non-linear association analyses and machine learning tasks. Here, we propose an extension of the method to impute both genetic and environmental components of a trait using both single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-trait and omics-trait association summary data. We illustrate an application to a UK Biobank subset of individuals (n ≈ 80K) with both body mass index (BMI) GWAS data and metabolomic data. We divided the whole dataset into two equally sized and non-overlapping training and test datasets; we used the training data to build SNP- and metabolite-BMI association summary data and impute BMI on the test data. We compared the performance of the original and new imputation methods. As by the original method, the imputed BMI values by the new method largely retained SNP-BMI association information; however, the latter retained more information about BMI-environment associations and were more highly correlated with the original observed BMI values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Ren
- School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhaotong Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wei Pan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tataka Y, Hiratsu A, Fujihira K, Nagayama C, Kamemoto K, Fushimi T, Takase H, Miyashita M. Habitual Physical Activity and Dietary Profiles in Older Japanese Males with Normal-Weight Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6408. [PMID: 37510640 PMCID: PMC10379222 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Normal-weight obesity is defined as having high body fat but a normal body mass index (BMI). This study examined whether there are differences in habitual physical activity and diet between individuals with normal-weight obesity and obese or non-obesity. This study included 143 males aged 65-75 years, and they were classified into the following three groups according to BMI and visceral fat area (VFA): obese group (n = 27 (BMI: ≥25 kg/m2 and VFA: ≥100 cm2)), normal-weight obese group (n = 35 (BMI: <25 kg/m2 and VFA: ≥100 cm2)) and non-obese group (n = 81 (BMI: <25 kg/m2 and VFA < 100 cm2)). Lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated triglyceride and alanine transaminase were observed in the normal-weight obese group than in the non-obese group (all for p ≤ 0.04, effect size ≥ 0.50). No differences were found in physical activity and dietary habits between non-obese and normal-weight obese groups (all for p > 0.05). Although impaired lipid and liver function parameters were observed in older males with normal-weight obesity compared with older males with non-obesity, physical activity and dietary profiles in themselves were not shown these differences in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusei Tataka
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Ayano Hiratsu
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujihira
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nagayama
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kamemoto
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Takashi Fushimi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Takase
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyashita
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fournier E, Łuszczki E, Isacco L, Chanséaume-Bussiere E, Gryson C, Chambrier C, Drapeau V, Chaput JP, Thivel D. Toward an Integrated Consideration of 24 h Movement Guidelines and Nutritional Recommendations. Nutrients 2023; 15:2109. [PMID: 37432285 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
While physical activity, sleep and sedentary behaviors are almost always considered independently, they should be considered as integrated human behaviors. The 24 h Movement approach proposes a concomitant consideration of these behaviors to promote overall health. Not only do these behaviors impact energy expenditure, but they have also been shown to separately impact energy intake, which should be further explored when considering the entire integration of these movement behaviors under the 24 h movement approach. After an evaluation of the prevalence of meeting the 24 h Movement and dietary recommendations, this review summarizes the available evidence (using English publications indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE) regarding the association between the 24 h Movement Guidelines and eating habits. Altogether, the results clearly show the beneficial impact of promoting the 24 h guidelines simultaneously, highlighting that the higher the number of respected movement recommendations, the better eating behaviors in both children and adults. Importantly, our results point out the importance of emphasizing the need to reach sedentary guidelines for better eating habits. Movement and dietary behaviors appear closely related, and giving recommendations on one might impact the other. Combining the 24 h Movement with dietary Guidelines might be more efficient than promoting them separately in public health strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elora Fournier
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Laurie Isacco
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | - Vicky Drapeau
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle pattern is associated with favorable weight loss outcomes: the MedWeight study. Nutr Res 2022; 108:73-81. [PMID: 36403536 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Individual lifestyle targets have been associated with weight loss outcomes, yet few studies have examined associations of one's total lifestyle with weight loss maintenance. We aimed to examine the relationship between lifestyle patterns and weight loss outcomes in weight loss maintainers and regainers. We hypothesized that higher adherence to a broader healthy lifestyle favors maintenance (over regain). This is a cross-sectional analysis of 470 adults (62% women) with a history of overweight/obesity and significant weight loss 12 months before study entry. Participants were classified as maintainers (current weight ≤90% maximum weight) or regainers. They were asked to fill in a series of questionnaires on demographics and lifestyle habits (dietary intake and eating behaviors through two 24-hour recalls, physical activity, and sleep). A total Mediterranean Lifestyle Index (total-MLI, range 0-13) was generated by summing up ratings in the lifestyle domain quartiles (diet quality, physical activity, and sleep habits) and dietary behaviors (seasonal food and vegetable intake, intake of traditional foods, responsibility for food preparation, conviviality). Maintainers scored higher in the total-MLI than regainers (6.93 ± 2.31 vs 5.78 ± 2.49, P < .001). Adherence to the total-MLI was associated with 28% higher odds for weight loss maintenance (per unit increment) in linear analyses. Being in the highest total-MLI quartile was associated with 5.27 (95% CI, 2.77-10.02) odds for maintenance. Higher adherence to a comprehensive Mediterranean lifestyle pattern was associated with higher odds for weight loss maintenance. Our findings suggest that even modest shifts toward a healthier living may contribute to favorable weight loss outcomes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Women carry the weight of deprivation on physical inactivity: Moderated mediation analyses in a European sample of adults over 50 Years of age. SSM Popul Health 2022; 20:101272. [PMID: 36387017 PMCID: PMC9641026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deprived people are less physically active than privileged individuals. However, pathways underlying the association between deprivation and physical activity remain overlooked. We examined whether the association between deprivation and physical activity was mediated by body mass index (BMI). Consistent with an intersectional perspective (how the combination of belongingness to vulnerable social categories widens inequalities), we tested whether gender moderated this mediating pathway and hypothesized that the mediating effect of BMI would be stronger among women (vs men). Large-scale longitudinal data from 20,961 adults 50 years of age or older (57% women) from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe were used. Social and material deprivation were measured by questionnaire, BMI and physical activity were reported from two to six years later. Simple mediation models showed that BMI partly mediated the association of material (total effect c = -0.14, proportion of mediated effect = 8%) and of social deprivation (c = -0.24, proportion of mediated effect = 4%) with physical activity. Moderated mediation models revealed that this mediating pathway was moderated by gender. The effect of deprivation on BMI was stronger among women (vs men), with BMI mediating 18% and 7% of the association of material and social deprivation with physical activity among women (vs 4% and 2% among men). Lower levels of physical activity observed among deprived older adults could be partly attributed to a higher BMI. Critically, this mechanism was exacerbated among women, reinforcing the need to understand how deprivation and gender interact to predict health behaviors. Body mass index mediates the association of material and social deprivation with physical activity. This mediating pattern is more pronounced among women, relative to men. The association between deprivation and a higher body mass index is exacerbated among women, compared to men.
Collapse
|
13
|
Prola A, Pilot-Storck F. Cardiolipin Alterations during Obesity: Exploring Therapeutic Opportunities. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1638. [PMID: 36358339 PMCID: PMC9687765 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a specific phospholipid of the mitochondrial inner membrane that participates in many aspects of its organization and function, hence promoting proper mitochondrial ATP production. Here, we review recent data that have investigated alterations of cardiolipin in different tissues in the context of obesity and the related metabolic syndrome. Data relating perturbations of cardiolipin content or composition are accumulating and suggest their involvement in mitochondrial dysfunction in tissues from obese patients. Conversely, cardiolipin modulation is a promising field of investigation in a search for strategies for obesity management. Several ways to restore cardiolipin content, composition or integrity are emerging and may contribute to the improvement of mitochondrial function in tissues facing excessive fat storage. Inversely, reduction of mitochondrial efficiency in a controlled way may increase energy expenditure and help fight against obesity and in this perspective, several options aim at targeting cardiolipin to achieve a mild reduction of mitochondrial coupling. Far from being just a victim of the deleterious consequences of obesity, cardiolipin may ultimately prove to be a possible weapon to fight against obesity in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Prola
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- Team Relaix, INSERM, IMRB, Université Paris-Est Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ringin E, Meyer D, Neill E, Phillipou A, Tan EJ, Toh WL, Sumner PJ, Owen N, Hallgren M, Dunstan DW, Rossell SL, Van Rheenen TE. Psychological-health correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour during the COVID pandemic. Ment Health Phys Act 2022; 23:100481. [PMID: 36406837 PMCID: PMC9664206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While physical inactivity is associated with adverse psychological outcomes, less is known about the psychological outcomes associated with sedentary behaviour, and specifically, its mentally active and passive forms. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a unique opportunity to study associations between these variables in light of widespread stay-at-home mandates and restrictions on outdoor exercise/social activities. Using a cross-sectional dataset acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, we examined whether physical activity and sedentary behaviour were associated with subjective quality of life (sQoL) and subjective cognitive dysfunction, and whether these associations were mediated by depressive symptoms. METHODS 658 participants (males = 169, females = 489) self-reported data on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in an online survey during May 2020-May 2021. Data on physical activity and sedentary behaviour (both mentally active and passive types) was compared according to whether it was collected during or out of a lockdown period. Regression models were used to test associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with sQoL and subjective cognitive dysfunction, and whether these associations were mediated by depression severity. RESULTS Physical activity was beneficially associated with sQoL, whereas sedentary behaviour (both total hours and the reduction of mentally active/increase in mentally passive behaviour) was detrimentally associated with sQoL. These associations were mediated by depression severity. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were also indirectly associated with subjective cognitive dysfunction by virtue of their associations with depression severity. CONCLUSIONS There are important differences in the psychological correlates of mentally passive and active sedentary behaviours. Our findings suggest that health promotion strategies should focus on not only increasing physical activity but also reducing passive sedentary behaviours as a means of maintaining good psychological health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elysha Ringin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erica Neill
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- St Vincent's Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Phillipou
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Mental Health, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric J Tan
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- St Vincent's Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Lin Toh
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip J Sumner
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Global Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- St Vincent's Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cruz-Piedrahita C, Roscoe CJ, Howe C, Fecht D, de Nazelle A. Holistic approach to assess the association between the synergistic effect of physical activity, exposure to greenspace, and fruits and vegetable intake on health and wellbeing: Cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank. Front Public Health 2022; 10:886608. [PMID: 36249200 PMCID: PMC9561552 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.886608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urban agriculture has been shown to contribute to healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as increased fruit and vegetable intake and greater exposure to greenspaces and there is plenty of evidence linking these lifestyle behaviors to better health and wellbeing. However, most evidence relates to assessing one behavior at a time despite available epidemiological research showing how the combined effects of multiple behaviors are associated with health and wellbeing. This research aims to examine the association of the interactions between various lifestyle behaviors and exposures related to urban agriculture and health and wellbeing. Methods We used data from the UK Biobank baseline questionnaire (N~500, 000) to assess the association of two lifestyle behaviors (fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity) and greenspace exposure, with four health and wellbeing markers (blood pressure, BMI, self-health assessment, and self-reported loneliness) independently, and in combination. Associations between lifestyle behaviors, greenspace exposure, and the possible interactions with health and wellbeing were explored using general linear models (GLMs), adjusted for socio-demographic confounders including age, sex, educational qualifications, index of multiple deprivation, and ethnicity, and a lifestyle confounder: smoking status. Results After removing missing data, as well as participants who did not meet the inclusion criteria, the final study sample was n = 204,478. The results indicate that meeting recommended levels of the World Health Organization (WHO) for fruits and vegetable intake, and the advice from the UK Chief Medical Officer for physical activity, is linked to better health and wellbeing markers. We found that UK Biobank participants who lived in greener areas and were physically active were more likely to feel alone and think their health was poor. Participants who were physically active and met the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables were more likely to have healthy blood pressure, feel less lonely, and rate their health as good. Evidence of three-way interactions was weak, and mostly was not associated with the health and wellbeing markers assessed here. Conclusion Taken in combination, healthy diets, physical activity and exposure to greenspaces are associated with health and wellbeing. In some cases, these effects are synergistic, indicating associations above and beyond the mere additive effect of the behaviors considered independently. Promoting such behaviors together, for example, through urban agriculture, is therefore more likely to generate greater public health changes than if they are promoted through independent policies and programs. Inter-relationships between these pathways and different health and wellbeing markers, however, are complex, and require further investigation to understand optimal environments and conditions for urban health promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte J. Roscoe
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Howe
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kobeissi H, Attia AM, Elgazzar TA, Shah J, Bajaber A, Almustanyir S, Alsaeed R, Khalifa RO, Azzam AY, Hafida S, Ghozy S, Islam SMS. Changes in physical activity during COVID‐19 pandemic among Saudi Arabians: Results from a cross‐sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e822. [PMID: 36110347 PMCID: PMC9466003 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Kobeissi
- College of Medicine Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant Michigan USA
| | | | | | - Jaffer Shah
- New York State Department of Health New York USA
| | | | - Sami Almustanyir
- Department of Internal Medicine Ministry of Health Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruaa Alsaeed
- Alfaisal University College of Medicine Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Samar Hafida
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Department of Neuroradiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lima YDMM, Martins FA, Ramalho AA. Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Adults from Rio Branco, Acre in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Nutrients 2022; 14:1079. [PMID: 35268054 PMCID: PMC8912625 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess factors associated with overweight and obesity in adults from Rio Branco, Acre, in the western Brazilian Amazon. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in Rio Branco, which used data on individuals aged 18 years or older collected by the 2019 National Health Survey. Software R version 4.0.5 was used to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Multiple analysis was performed by Poisson's regression with robust variance and hierarchical selection of variables. This study included 1217 adults. The prevalence of overweight was 58.2% (95%CI: 54.7-61.6) and of obesity, 20.1% (95%CI: 17.2-23.4). The factors associated with overweight were arterial hypertension (AdjPR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.31-1.61), physical inactivity (AdjPR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.04-1.36), age group (25-39 years, AdjPR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.10-2.00; 40-59 years, AdjPR: 1.69; 95%CI: 1.28-2.23; 60 years or older, AdjPR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.01-1.87); and smoking (AdjPR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.41-0.93). The factors associated with obesity were arterial hypertension (AdjPR: 1.80; 95%CI: 1.41-2.30) and diabetes mellitus (AdjPR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.08-2.13). Smoking and female sex remained in the hierarchical model for obesity, even without statistical significance. Despite intervention guidelines for these chronic diseases, there is a need for the public recognition of overweight and obesity and their possible associated factors in the Amazon and other regions with similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Andrade Martins
- Center for Health Sciences and Sports, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco 69920-900, AC, Brazil;
| | - Alanderson Alves Ramalho
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco 69920-900, AC, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prevalencia de obesidad y factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados en la población general española: estudio ENPE. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
19
|
Ogugu EG, Catz SL, Bell JF, Drake C, Bidwell JT, Gangwisch JE. Factors associated with habitual sleep duration in US adults with hypertension: a cross-sectional study of the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:43. [PMID: 34991527 PMCID: PMC8739698 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between inadequate sleep duration and hypertension risk has been established in the general population, but there is a gap in the literature on predictors of habitual sleep duration in adults with hypertension. This study examined factors associated with habitual sleep duration among adults with hypertension in the United States (US). Methods Data of 5660 adults with hypertension were obtained by combining the 2015–2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Survey weighted multinomial logistic regression models were fit to examine factors associated with short (< 7 h) and long (> 9 h) sleep duration with adequate sleep duration (7–9 h) as the reference. Results The prevalence of self-reported adequate sleep duration was 65.7%, while short sleep duration was 23.6%, and long sleep duration 10.7%. Short sleep duration (compared to adequate sleep duration) was positively associated with history of seeking help for sleeping difficulties (relative risk ratio [RRR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.53), Non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (RRR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.61–2.67), working ≥45 h/week (RRR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.32–2.48), and negatively associated with older age ≥ 65 years (RRR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45–0.91) and female gender (RRR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56–0.88). Long sleep duration was positively associated with female gender (RRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.001–1.54), chronic kidney disease (RRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.14–1.92), moderate depressive symptoms (RRR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08–2.44), moderately severe to severe depressive symptoms (RRR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.05–3.43), being in retirement (RRR, 3.46; 95% CI, 2.18–5.49), and not working due to health reasons (RRR, 4.87; 95% CI, 2.89–8.22) or other reasons (RRR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.84–5.88). Conclusion This population-based study identified factors independently associated with habitual sleep duration in adults with hypertension. These included help-seeking for sleeping difficulty, gender, age, chronic kidney disease, depressive symptoms, race/ethnicity, and employment status. These findings can help in the development of tailored approaches for promoting adequate sleep duration in adults with hypertension. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12465-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everlyne G Ogugu
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis 2570 48th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Sheryl L Catz
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis 2570 48th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Janice F Bell
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis 2570 48th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Christiana Drake
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis 399 Crocker Ln, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Julie T Bidwell
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis 2570 48th Street, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - James E Gangwisch
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bączek G, Studnicka A, Rychlewicz S, Iwan A, Rzońca E, Rahnama M. A Questionnaire-Based Study to Evaluate Health-Related Behaviors in 602 Women of Reproductive Age in Poland. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e935429. [PMID: 34968369 PMCID: PMC8725340 DOI: 10.12659/msm.935429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's health and undertaking health behaviors during the reproductive period by women, especially during pregnancy, are an important indicator that is reflected both in their own health and in health of their children. This study aimed to use a questionnaire to evaluate the health-related behaviors in women of reproductive age in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS The studies were conducted among 602 women of reproductive age by diagnostic poll method with the use of questionnaire technique. The applied tool was an original on-line questionnaire. A link to the questionnaire was sent to women aged 18-49 years using the snowball sampling technique and was posted on thematic pro-health website forums. RESULTS The majority of women participating in the study exhibited health behaviors on the average level (65.3%; M=7.6). Pro-health behaviors were exhibited mainly by women with higher education (M=7.7; SD=2.6), married women (M=8.0; SD=2.6), and women who were pregnant at the time (M=8.8; SD=2.6). However, single women participating in the study consumed alcohol more often (80.6%). The observed relationships were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This survey showed that younger women with no children were significantly less likely to be aware of positive health-associated behaviors and lifestyle when compared with older women with children. This small study supports the importance of health education in young women before they have children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Bączek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Didactics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Studnicka
- Students’ Scientific Association of Midwives at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Didactics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Rychlewicz
- St. Sophia’s Specialist Hospital, Żelazna Medical Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Iwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Didactics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Rzońca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Didactics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mansur Rahnama
- The Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Capodaglio P, Gobbi M, Donno L, Fumagalli A, Buratto C, Galli M, Cimolin V. Effect of Obesity on Knee and Ankle Biomechanics during Walking. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217114. [PMID: 34770421 PMCID: PMC8588043 DOI: 10.3390/s21217114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective study was to quantify the three-dimensional knee and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics during walking in young participants with different degrees of obesity and to identify the associated effects by stratifying the obese participants according to their BMI. Thirty-two young obese individuals (mean age 30.32 years) and 16 normal-weight age-matched individuals were tested using 3D gait analysis. Analysis of kinematic and kinetic data revealed significant differences in mechanics at knee and ankle joints in all the evaluated planes of movement. Compared to the healthy-weight participants, obese adults demonstrated less knee flexion, greater knee ab-adduction angle during the entire gait cycle and abnormalities at the knee flex-extension moment. At the ankle joint, reduced range of motion was observed together with a lower peak of ankle plantarflexor moment and power during terminal stance. These results provide insight into a potential pathway by which obesity predisposes a healthy adult for increased risk of osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capodaglio
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Clinical Lab for Gait Analysis and Posture, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Via Cadorna 90, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (A.F.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Torino, Via Giuseppe Verdi, 8, 10124 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Gobbi
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Clinical Lab for Gait Analysis and Posture, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Via Cadorna 90, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Lucia Donno
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.D.); (M.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Andrea Fumagalli
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Clinical Lab for Gait Analysis and Posture, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Via Cadorna 90, 28824 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Camillo Buratto
- Podartis srl, Via Erizzo 123/c, 31035 Crocetta del Montello, Italy;
| | - Manuela Galli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.D.); (M.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Veronica Cimolin
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.D.); (M.G.); (V.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pérez-Rodrigo C, Hervás Bárbara G, Gianzo Citores M, Aranceta-Bartrina J. Prevalence of obesity and associated cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish population: the ENPE study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 75:232-241. [PMID: 33773941 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is a significant public health problem associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity (AO) in the Spanish population aged ≥ 3 years and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and their association with CVRF. METHODS The sample was drawn from the ENPE study (n=6800). The study protocol included individual anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic factors, food intake (food frequency questionnaire), physical activity, lifestyles, and health problems. RESULTS The estimated overall prevalence of obesity (22.0%; 95%CI, 21.0-23.0) and AO (64.7%; 95%CI, 63.5-65.8) was higher in men, in persons aged ≥ 65 years, and in those with a lower socioeconomic level or from southern regions. Lifestyle pattern was significantly associated with obesity and AO (P=.011), which were less likely in people with an active lifestyle pattern (P <.0001). Obesity (OR, 1.85; 95%CI, 1.24-2.78) and AO (OR, 2.16; 95%CI, 1.1-4.24) were positively associated with CVRF. Clustering of CVRF with obesity and/or AO was higher in women (12.6%; 95%CI, 11.4-13.9) and in persons aged ≥ 65 years (32.7%; 95%CI, 30.0-35.4). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of obesity and AO in the Spanish population is high; it is higher in men, increases with age, and is inversely related to socioeconomic status. A lifestyle pattern combining a higher level of physical activity, moderate sedentariness and a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with a lower probability of obesity, AO, and CVRF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lam B, Catt M, Cassidy S, Bacardit J, Darke P, Butterfield S, Alshabrawy O, Trenell M, Missier P. Using Wearable Activity Trackers to Predict Type 2 Diabetes: Machine Learning-Based Cross-sectional Study of the UK Biobank Accelerometer Cohort. JMIR Diabetes 2021; 6:e23364. [PMID: 33739298 PMCID: PMC8080299 DOI: 10.2196/23364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 2013 and 2015, the UK Biobank collected accelerometer traces from 103,712 volunteers aged between 40 and 69 years using wrist-worn triaxial accelerometers for 1 week. This data set has been used in the past to verify that individuals with chronic diseases exhibit reduced activity levels compared with healthy populations. However, the data set is likely to be noisy, as the devices were allocated to participants without a set of inclusion criteria, and the traces reflect free-living conditions. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the extent to which accelerometer traces can be used to distinguish individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from normoglycemic controls and to quantify their limitations. METHODS Machine learning classifiers were trained using different feature sets to segregate individuals with T2D from normoglycemic individuals. Multiple criteria, based on a combination of self-assessment UK Biobank variables and primary care health records linked to UK Biobank participants, were used to identify 3103 individuals with T2D in this population. The remaining nondiabetic 19,852 participants were further scored on their physical activity impairment severity based on other conditions found in their primary care data, and those deemed likely physically impaired at the time were excluded. Physical activity features were first extracted from the raw accelerometer traces data set for each participant using an algorithm that extends the previously developed Biobank Accelerometry Analysis toolkit from Oxford University. These features were complemented by a selected collection of sociodemographic and lifestyle features available from UK Biobank. RESULTS We tested 3 types of classifiers, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) close to 0.86 (95% CI 0.85-0.87) for all 3 classifiers and F1 scores in the range of 0.80-0.82 for T2D-positive individuals and 0.73-0.74 for T2D-negative controls. Results obtained using nonphysically impaired controls were compared with highly physically impaired controls to test the hypothesis that nondiabetic conditions reduce classifier performance. Models built using a training set that included highly impaired controls with other conditions had worse performance (AUC 0.75-0.77; 95% CI 0.74-0.78; F1 scores in the range of 0.76-0.77 for T2D positives and 0.63-0.65 for controls). CONCLUSIONS Granular measures of free-living physical activity can be used to successfully train machine learning models that are able to discriminate between individuals with T2D and normoglycemic controls, although with limitations because of the intrinsic noise in the data sets. From a broader clinical perspective, these findings motivate further research into the use of physical activity traces as a means of screening individuals at risk of diabetes and for early detection, in conjunction with routinely used risk scores, provided that appropriate quality control is enforced on the data collection protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lam
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Catt
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Cassidy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jaume Bacardit
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Darke
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Butterfield
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ossama Alshabrawy
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Trenell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Missier
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vézina-Im LA, Morin CM, Desroches S. Sleep, Diet and Physical Activity Among Adults Living With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2021; 45:659-665. [PMID: 33771447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim in this work was to document sleep/insomnia, fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and physical activity (PA) according to diabetes presence and type and biologic sex, as these 3 lifestyle habits may influence glycemic control and prevention of diabetes-related complications. METHODS Adults between 18 and 64 years of age were invited to complete validated web-based self-reported questionnaires assessing sleep, insomnia, FV consumption and PA. Pregnant women and shift workers were excluded from the study. RESULTS A total of 151 adults (80.1% women), of whom 54 had diabetes (type 1 [T1D], n=30; type 2 [T2D], n=24), completed the questionnaires. Sleep quality scores were significantly higher, indicating poorer sleep quality, according to diabetes presence (diabetes, 7.2±3.5; no diabetes, 5.4±3.5; p=0.0024) and type (T1D, 6.1±2.9; T2D, 8.7±3.8; p=0.0072). Sleep duration was significantly shorter among adults living with diabetes (diabetes, 7.0±1.7 hours/night; no diabetes, 7.8±1.3 hours/night; p=0.0019), regardless of type. More adults living with diabetes had moderate to severe clinical insomnia (diabetes, 25.9%; no diabetes, 10.4%; p=0.0129), especially those with T2D (T1D, 13.3%; T2D, 41.7%; p=0.0182). FV consumption and PA did not vary significantly according to diabetes presence and type. Only PA differed by biologic sex, with lower PA among women. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that adults living with diabetes, especially those with T2D, are at higher risk for short and poor sleep quality, and clinical insomnia. Adults living with diabetes, especially those with T2D, should have access to effective sleep interventions to prevent complications associated with elevated glucose levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre d'étude des troubles du sommeil, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
| | - Charles M Morin
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre d'étude des troubles du sommeil, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophie Desroches
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Association of sleep, screen time and physical activity with overweight and obesity in Mexico. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:169-179. [PMID: 31893356 PMCID: PMC7895770 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 70% of adults in Mexico are overweight or obese. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are also prevalent. We examined the association of three lifestyle behaviors with body mass index (BMI) categories in adults from Mexico. METHODS We used publicly available data from the ENSANUT 2016 survey (n = 6419). BMI was used to categorize participants. Differences in sleep duration, suffering from symptoms of insomnia, TV watching time, time in front of any screen, vigorous physical activity (yes vs no), moderate physical activity (> 30 min/day-yes vs. no) and walking (> 60 min/day-yes vs. no) were compared across BMI groups using adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Thirty-nine percent of participants were overweight and 37% obese. Time in front of TV, in front of any screen, sleep duration and physical activity were significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Compared to normal weight participants, participants in the obese II category spend on average 0.60 h/day (95% CI 0.36-0.84, p = 0.001) and participants in the obese III category 0.54 h/day (95% CI 0.19-0.89, p < 0.001) more in front of any screen; participants in the obese II category reported 0.55 h/day less sleep (95% CI - 0.67 to - 0.43, p < 0.001); participants in the obese III category were less likely to engage in vigorous activity (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.43-0.84, p ≤ 0.003), or walking (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.49-0.88, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Screen time, sleeping hours, and physical activity were associated with overweight and obesity. However, these associations were not consistent across all BMI categories. Assuming established causal connections, overweight individuals and individuals with obesity would benefit from reduced screen time and engaging in moderate/vigorous physical activity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: observational case-control analytic study.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cecon N, Lee S, Pfaff H, Dresen A, Groß SE. Development of the health behaviour scale for cancer patients (HBSCP), analysis of its factorial structure and evaluation of its psychometric properties. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2021; 30:e13386. [PMID: 33433049 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development and validation of a health behaviour scale for cancer patients (HBSCP). METHODS An 11-item scale was developed based on existing literature on health behaviour and cancer prevention and care. Identified dimensions include the following: nutrition and weight, physical activity, nicotine and alcohol use, stress, and adherence to medical health services. Experts rated the items in regard to content and wording. The scale was tested in two cross-sectional datasets of n = 4626 and n = 4558 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Psychometric properties were assessed (internal consistency, item discrimination, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis). Correlations with physical functioning (EORTC QLQ-C30) and personality traits (Big Five Inventory) were computed (full assessment of construct validity was not possible). RESULTS A two-factor structure (1. adherence to medical health services; 2. Individual protective health behaviour) with nine items (item reduction due to findings in the factor analyses) with good item properties and reliability was identified. The scale showed significant associations with physical functioning and the personality traits of conscientiousness. CONCLUSION The HBSCP is an instrument with good psychometric properties that measures cancer patients' health behaviour. Healthcare providers and researchers can use the HBSCP in the context of health promotion and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cecon
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susan Lee
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Pfaff
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antje Dresen
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophie E Groß
- LVR-Institute of Health Care Research, LVR Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Janssen X, Fleming L, Kirk A, Rollins L, Young D, Grealy M, MacDonald B, Flowers P, Williams L. Changes in Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep across the COVID-19 National Lockdown Period in Scotland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9362. [PMID: 33327556 PMCID: PMC7765067 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We examine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and concomitant restrictions (i.e., lockdown) on 24-hour movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sitting, sleep) in a purposive sample of people (n = 3230) reporting change recruited online. Participants' self-reported time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), walking, sitting and sleep prior to lockdown (T1), during the first national lockdown (T2) and as restrictions initially started to ease (T3). For each 24-hour movement behavior, category-shifts are reported (positive, negative or did not change), as well as the percentage of participants recording positive/negative changes across clusters of behaviors and the percentage of participants recording improvement or maintenance of change across time. From T1 to T2 walking decreased, whereas MVPA, sitting and sleep increased, from T2 to T3 levels returned to pre-lockdown for all but MVPA. Participants who changed one behavior positively were more likely to report a positive change in another and 50% of those who reported positive changes from T1 to T2 maintained or improved further when restrictions started to ease. The current study showed that a large proportion of the sample reported positive changes, most notably those displaying initially poor levels of each behavior. These findings will inform salutogenic intervention development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xanne Janssen
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Leanne Fleming
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Alison Kirk
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Lesley Rollins
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - David Young
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XH, UK;
| | - Madeleine Grealy
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Bradley MacDonald
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Paul Flowers
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Lynn Williams
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XP, UK; (L.F.); (A.K.); (L.R.); (M.G.); (B.M.); (P.F.); (L.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Streb AR, Duca GFD, Silva RPD, Benedet J, Malta DC. [Simultaneity of risk behaviors for obesity in adults in the capitals of Brazil]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:2999-3007. [PMID: 32785536 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020258.27752018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to verify the association between risk behaviors and obesity in adults (18 to 59 years of age) in Brazilian capitals. It involved a cross-sectional population-based study conducted by telephone interview. The self-reported variables were obesity, defined by weight and height (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and risk behaviors: physical inactivity (≤ 149 minutes/week), excess sedentarism (≥ 4 hours/day), frequent consumption of sweets (≥ 5 days/week) and meat with fat and/or chicken with skin (≥ 1 day/week). The simultaneity of risk behaviors was analyzed for reasons of observed and expected prevalence. The Poisson and multinomial logistic regressions were used in crude analyses and adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Among the 35,448 adults, the simultaneous consumption of meat with fat, excess sedentarism and physical inactivity (PR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.60), as well as the presence of the four risk behaviors (PR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.53) were associated with obesity in men. In women, the simultaneous consumption of sweets and meat with fat (PR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.66) was also associated with the outcome. In both sexes, there was an increase in the tendency of obesity according to the sum total of risk behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ribeiro Streb
- Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Robert Passos da Silva
- Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Jucemar Benedet
- Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hunter RF, Murray JM, Coleman HG. The association between recreational screen time and cancer risk: findings from the UK Biobank, a large prospective cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:97. [PMID: 32746843 PMCID: PMC7398067 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence is suggestive of sedentary behaviour being associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, but the evidence base is too limited to draw any conclusions for other cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between recreational screen time and site-specific cancer risk. Methods We analysed data from the prospective UK Biobank cohort study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between daily recreational screen time (including television (TV) viewing time, computer use time and total screen time) and site-specific cancer risk. Partition models and isotemporal substitution models investigated the impact of substituting recreational screen time with physical activity. Results During a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 28,992 incident cancers were identified among 470,578 adults. A 1-h increase in daily TV viewing time was associated with higher risks of oropharyngeal, oesophago-gastric and colon cancer in fully adjusted models. Participants who reported ≤1, compared with 1- ≤ 3, hours/day of TV viewing time had lower risks of lung, breast, and oesophago-gastric cancer. Findings were inconsistent for daily recreational computer use and daily total recreational screen time. The majority of observed associations were small, and were attenuated after excluding cancers diagnosed within the first two years of follow-up, except for oesophago-gastric and colon cancers (HR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10; and HR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07 per 1-h increase in daily TV viewing time, respectively). However, isotemporal substitution models showed reduced risk of some site-specific (oropharyngeal, lung, breast and colorectal) cancers when replacing 1-h/day of TV viewing with 1-h of moderate-intensity physical activity or walking. Conclusions Our findings show that daily recreational screen time, particularly TV viewing, was associated with small increased risks of oesophago-gastric and colon cancer. Replacing 1-h/day of TV viewing with 1-h of moderate-intensity physical activity or walking was associated with lower risk of oropharyngeal, lung, breast and colorectal cancers. Further research from other large prospective cohort studies is required, while mechanistic research is warranted to enhance the biological plausibility of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK.
| | - Jennifer M Murray
- Centre for Public Health, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BJ, UK.
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Centre for Public Health and Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Muto N, Oniki K, Kudo M, Obata Y, Sakamoto Y, Tokumaru N, Izuka T, Watanabe T, Otake K, Ogata Y, Saruwatari J. A Pilot Study Assessing the Possible Combined Effect of Physical Activity and PNPLA3 rs738409 Polymorphism on the Risk for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Japanese Elderly General Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:333-341. [PMID: 32104030 PMCID: PMC7024805 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s217597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 polymorphism (c.444C>G) is the most well-known genetic risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but whether or not physical activity influences the association between the PNPLA3 genotype and risk of NAFLD is unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective longitudinal analysis was conducted among 352 Japanese subjects. Each type of physical activity was assigned a metabolic equivalent (MET), and the subjects were classified into sedentary, low or high groups using the "METS*T" (METs × hours per week) value of 5 or 21 as a threshold. RESULTS Among the PNPLA3 G/G genotype carriers, the high and low METS*T groups had a lower risk of NAFLD than the sedentary METS*T group (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.14 [0.02-0.99] and 0.16 [0.03-1.04], respectively). Furthermore, the PNPLA3 C/C or C/G genotype carriers showed no significant difference in the risk of NAFLD among the three METS*T groups. CONCLUSION The PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype may be associated with the beneficial effects of physical activity on the risk of NAFLD among elderly Japanese individuals. Further comprehensive investigations are therefore needed to verify the preliminary results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Muto
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miku Kudo
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yui Obata
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Tokumaru
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Izuka
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takehisa Watanabe
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Otake
- Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Health Care Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ogata
- Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Health Care Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu G, Catt M, Cassidy S, Birch-Machin M, Trenell M, Hiden H, Woodman S, Anderson KN. Objective sleep assessment in >80,000 UK mid-life adults: Associations with sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity and caffeine. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226220. [PMID: 31881028 PMCID: PMC6934314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Study objectives Normal timing and duration of sleep is vital for all physical and mental health. However, many sleep-related studies depend on self-reported sleep measurements, which have limitations. This study aims to investigate the association of physical activity and sociodemographic characteristics including age, gender, coffee intake and social status with objective sleep measurements. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was carried out on 82995 participants within the UK Biobank cohort. Sociodemographic and lifestyle information were collected through touch-screen questionnaires in 2007–2010. Sleep and physical activity parameters were later measured objectively using wrist-worn accelerometers in 2013–2015 (participants were aged 43–79 years and wore watches for 7 days). Participants were divided into 5 groups based on their objective sleep duration per night (<5 hours, 5–6 hours, 6–7 hours, 7–8 hours and >8 hours). Binary logistic models were adjusted for age, gender and Townsend Deprivation Index. Results Participants who slept 6–7 hours/night were the most frequent (33.5%). Females had longer objective sleep duration than males. Short objective sleep duration (<6 hours) correlated with older age, social deprivation and high coffee intake. Finally, those who slept 6–7 hours/night were most physically active. Conclusions Objectively determined short sleep duration was associated with male gender, older age, low social status and high coffee intake. An inverse ‘U-shaped’ relationship between sleep duration and physical activity was also established. Optimal sleep duration for health in those over 60 may therefore be shorter than younger groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gewei Zhu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Catt
- National Innovation Centre for Ageing, Time Central, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Cassidy
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Birch-Machin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Trenell
- NIHR Innovation Observatory, Gallowgate, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Hiden
- National Innovation Centre for Data, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Woodman
- National Innovation Centre for Data, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstie N. Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jones P, Mirkes EM, Yates T, Edwardson CL, Catt M, Davies MJ, Khunti K, Rowlands AV. Towards a Portable Model to Discriminate Activity Clusters from Accelerometer Data. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19204504. [PMID: 31627310 PMCID: PMC6832944 DOI: 10.3390/s19204504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Few methods for classifying physical activity from accelerometer data have been tested using an independent dataset for cross-validation, and even fewer using multiple independent datasets. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether unsupervised machine learning was a viable approach for the development of a reusable clustering model that was generalisable to independent datasets. We used two labelled adult laboratory datasets to generate a k-means clustering model. To assess its generalised application, we applied the stored clustering model to three independent labelled datasets: two laboratory and one free-living. Based on the development labelled data, the ten clusters were collapsed into four activity categories: sedentary, standing/mixed/slow ambulatory, brisk ambulatory, and running. The percentages of each activity type contained in these categories were 89%, 83%, 78%, and 96%, respectively. In the laboratory independent datasets, the consistency of activity types within the clusters dropped, but remained above 70% for the sedentary clusters, and 85% for the running and ambulatory clusters. Acceleration features were similar within each cluster across samples. The clusters created reflected activity types known to be associated with health and were reasonably robust when applied to diverse independent datasets. This suggests that an unsupervised approach is potentially useful for analysing free-living accelerometer data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jones
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Evgeny M Mirkes
- Department of Mathematics, ATT 912, Attenborough Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Tom Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Charlotte L Edwardson
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Mike Catt
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Alex V Rowlands
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
- Alliance for research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Patterns of Diet, Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep Are Associated with Socio-Demographic, Behavioural, and Health-Risk Indicators in Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132375. [PMID: 31277386 PMCID: PMC6651368 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how multiple health-behaviours co-occur is in its infancy. This study aimed to: (1) identify patterns of physical activity, diet, sitting, and sleep; and (2) examine the association between sociodemographic and health-risk indicators. Pooled data from annual cross-sectional telephone surveys of Australian adults (2015–2017, n = 3374, 51.4% women) were used. Participants self-reported physical activity, diet, sitting-time, sleep/rest insufficiency, sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol use, height and weight to calculate body mass index (BMI), and mental distress frequency. Latent class analysis identified health-behaviour classes. Latent class regression determined the associations between health-behaviour patterns, sociodemographic, and health-risk indicators. Three latent classes were identified. Relative to a ‘moderate lifestyle’ pattern (men: 43.2%, women: 38.1%), a ‘poor lifestyle’ pattern (men: 19.9%, women: 30.5%) was associated with increased odds of a younger age, smoking, BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, frequent mental distress (men and women), non-partnered status (men only), a lower Socioeconomic Index for Areas centile, primary/secondary education only, and BMI = 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (women only). An ‘active poor sleeper’ pattern (men: 37.0%, women: 31.4%) was associated with increased odds of a younger age (men and women), working and frequent mental distress (women only), relative to a ‘moderate lifestyle’ pattern. Better understanding of how health-behaviour patterns influence future health status is needed. Targeted interventions jointly addressing these behaviours are a public health priority.
Collapse
|
34
|
Damayanti RE, Sumarmi S, Mundiastuti L. Hubungan Durasi Tidur dengan Kejadian Overweight dan Obesitas pada Tenaga Kependidikan di Lingkungan Kampus C Universitas Airlangga. AMERTA NUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v3i2.2019.89-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the many nutritional problems experienced by adults is obesity. Obesity can be influenced by various factors including short sleep duration. This often happens to the office worker community.Objectives: This research aim’s to analyze relationship between sleep duration with overweight and obesity among education staff in Campus C of Universitas Airlangga.Method: This study was using case control design. The case group was education staff with BMI ≥23 kg/m2 and the control group was education staff with BMI <23 kg/m2 and not pregnant as inclusion criteria. The sample was 80 people, divided into the case group was 40 people and the control group was 40 people. Samples were taken purposively. Dependent variables were overweight and obesity while the independent variable was sleep duration. Data was tested using logistic regression.Results: In the case group, 50% of participants were included in the Obese I, while in the control group, 92.5% of the participants were included in the normal category. In the case group that had short sleep duration (<7 hours of 95% while in the control group had enough sleep duration (7-9 hours) of 92.5%. There was significant correlation between short sleep duration with overweight and obesity (p<0.001; OR=7.70).Conclusion: The short sleep duration is related to overweight and obesity among educational staff in the Campus C of Universitas Airlangga. Sleep duration (<7 hours) has a risk of 7.702 times higher for being overweight and obesity than those who have enough sleep (7-9 hours).The shorter of sleep duration, the greater risk occurrence of overweight and obesity.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Masalah gizi yang banyak dialami orang dewasa salah satunya adalah obesitas. Obesitas dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor antara lain pendeknya durasi tidur. Hal tersebut sering terjadi pada masyarakat pekerja kantor.Tujuan: Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara durasi tidur dengan kejadian overweight dan obesitas pada tenaga kependidikan di Lingkungan Kampus C Universitas Airlangga.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case control. Kelompok kasus adalah tendik dengan IMT ≥23 kg/m2 dan kelompok kontrol adalah tendik dengan IMT <23 kg/m2 serta tidak sedang hamil sebagai kriteria inklusi. Besar sampel yaitu 80 orang dibagi menjadi kelompok kasus 40 orang dan kelompok kontrol 40 orang. Sampel diambil secara purposive. Variabel dependent adalah overweight dan obesitas sedangkan variabel independent adalah durasi tidur. Data diuji menggunakan regresi logistik.Hasil: Pada kelompok kasus yang termasuk kategori Obese I sebesar 50% sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol yang termasuk kategori normal sebesar 92,5%. Pada kelompok kasus yang memiliki durasi tidur pendek (< 7 jam) sebesar 95% sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol yang memiliki durasi tidur cukup (7-9 jam) sebesar 92,5%. Adanya hubungan antara pendeknya durasi tidur dengan kejadian overweight dan obesitas (p<0,001; OR=7,70).Kesimpulan: Pendeknya durasi tidur berhubungan dengan kejadian overweight dan obesitas pada tenaga kependidikan di lingkungan Kampus C UNAIR Surabaya. Durasi tidur yang kurang (<7 jam) memiliki risiko 7,702 kali lipat lebih tinggi untuk menjadi overweight dan obesitas dibandingkan mereka yang memiliki durasi tidur cukup (7-9 jam). Semakin pendek durasi tidur, maka risiko kejadian overweight dan obesitas semakin besar.
Collapse
|
35
|
Jacobs J, Alston L, Needham C, Backholer K, Strugnell C, Allender S, Nichols M. Variation in the physical activity environment according to area-level socio-economic position-A systematic review. Obes Rev 2019; 20:686-700. [PMID: 30624854 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a major contributing factor to obesity, and both follow a socio-economic gradient. This systematic review aims to identify whether the physical activity environment varies by socio-economic position (SEP), which may contribute to socio-economic patterning of physical activity behaviours, and in turn, obesity levels. Six databases were searched. Studies were included if they compared an objectively measured aspect of the physical activity environment between areas of differing SEP in a high-income country. Two independent reviewers screened all papers. Results were classified according to the physical activity environment analysed: walkability/bikeability, green space, and recreational facilities. Fifty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A greater number of positive compared with negative associations were found between SEP and green space, whereas there were marginally more negative than positive associations between SEP and walkability/bikeability and recreational facilities. A high number of mixed and null results were found across all categories. With a high number of mixed and null results, clear socio-economic patterning in the presence of physical activity environments in high-income countries was not evident in this systematic review. Heterogeneity across studies in the measures used for both SEP and physical activity environments may have contributed to this result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Jacobs
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Alston
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cindy Needham
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Obesity Centre, Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Trends in sleeping difficulties among European adolescents: Are these associated with physical inactivity and excessive screen time? Int J Public Health 2018; 64:487-498. [PMID: 30535677 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined changes in sleep-onset difficulties over time and associations with physical activity and screen time behavior among adolescents. METHODS We used data from last four survey waves of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study (2002-2006-2010-2014). Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between regular sleeping difficulties, excessive screen time exposure and being insufficiently physically active (i.e., < 60 min daily) among 33 European and non-European countries. RESULTS Findings indicate an increase in the prevalence of sleep-onset difficulties and in excessive screen time exposure and a small but significant increase in physical activity levels. Additionally, adolescents exceeding 2-h daily screen time had 20% higher odds of reporting sleep-onset difficulties, while no association was found for physical activity. The strength of the association between screen time and sleep-onset difficulties increased over time, which may reflect a change in type of screen time use (e.g., the increased use of easy accessible screens such as smartphones and tablets). CONCLUSIONS Effective strategies to reduce screen time are key to reverse the detrimental trend in sleep-onset difficulties among adolescents.
Collapse
|
37
|
Seasonality of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in a middle-aged and elderly population: The Rotterdam study. Maturitas 2018; 110:41-50. [PMID: 29563034 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) have seasonal patterns. It remains unclear how these patterns are associated with sleep, meteorological factors, and health. METHODS Activity levels were continuously measured with an accelerometer for seven days between July 2011 and May 2016, among middle-aged (50-64 years), young-elderly (65-74 years) and old-elderly (≥75 years) participants of a population-based Dutch cohort study (n = 1116). Meteorological factors (ambient temperature, wind speed, sunlight hours, precipitation, and minimum visibility) were locally recorded. We first examined the seasonality of PA, SB, and nighttime sleep, stratified by age group. Second, we examined the influence of meteorological factors. Third, we modeled the potential seasonality of the all-cause mortality risk due to the seasonality of PA and SB, by using previously published relative risks. RESULTS Levels of light and moderate-to-vigorous PA were higher in summer than in winter among middle-aged (seasonal variation = 18.1 and 14.8 min/day) and young-elderly adults (12.8 and 8.6 min/day). The pattern was explained by ambient temperature and sunlight hours. Nighttime sleep was 31.8 min/day longer in winter among middle-aged adults. SB did not show a seasonal pattern. No seasonality in activity levels was observed among old-elderly adults. The all-cause mortality risk may be higher in winter than in summer due to the accumulation of low levels of moderate to vigorous PA and high levels of SB. CONCLUSION PA has a larger degree of seasonality than SB and nighttime sleep among middle-aged and young-elderly adults. SB appears strongly ingrained in daily routine. Recommending the interruption of SB with light PA might be a good starting point for public health institutions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Shrestha N, Grgic J, Wiesner G, Parker A, Podnar H, Bennie JA, Biddle SJH, Pedisic Z. Effectiveness of interventions for reducing non-occupational sedentary behaviour in adults and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:1206-1213. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundNo systematic reviews of the effectiveness of interventions for reducing non-occupational sedentary behaviour are available. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of interventions for reducing non-occupational sedentary behaviour in adults and older adults.MethodsAn electronic search of nine databases was performed. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) and cluster RCTs among adults testing the effectiveness of interventions aimed to reduce non-occupational sedentary behaviour were considered for inclusion. Two review authors independently screened studies for eligibility, completed data extraction and assessed the risk of bias.ResultsNineteen studies that evaluated multicomponent lifestyle interventions, counselling or education, television (TV) control devices and workplace interventions were included. Evidence from the meta-analyses suggested that interventions can reduce leisure sitting time in adults in the medium term (−30 min/day; 95% CI −58 to –2), and TV viewing in the short term (−61 min/day; 95% CI −79 to –43) and medium term (−11 min/day; 95% CI −20 to –2). No significant pooled effects were found for transport sitting time, leisure-time computer use and longer term outcomes. No evidence was available on the effectiveness of interventions for reducing non-occupational sedentary time in older adults.ConclusionsThe findings of this systematic review suggest the interventions may be effective in reducing non-occupational sedentary behaviour in the short to medium term in adults. However, no significant effect was found on longer term outcomes. The quality of evidence was, however, low to very low. No evidence was available on the effectiveness of non-occupational interventions on reducing sedentary time in older adults. Further high-quality research with larger samples is warranted.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lifestyle Patterns and Weight Status in Spanish Adults: The ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060606. [PMID: 28613259 PMCID: PMC5490585 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited knowledge is available on lifestyle patterns in Spanish adults. We investigated dietary patterns and possible meaningful clustering of physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep time, and smoking in Spanish adults aged 18–64 years and their association with obesity. Analysis was based on a subsample (n = 1617) of the cross-sectional ANIBES study in Spain. We performed exploratory factor analysis and subsequent cluster analysis of dietary patterns, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep time, and smoking. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between the cluster solutions and obesity. Factor analysis identified four dietary patterns, “Traditional DP”, “Mediterranean DP”, “Snack DP” and “Dairy-sweet DP”. Dietary patterns, physical activity behaviors, sedentary behaviors, sleep time, and smoking in Spanish adults aggregated into three different clusters of lifestyle patterns: “Mixed diet-physically active-low sedentary lifestyle pattern”, “Not poor diet-low physical activity-low sedentary lifestyle pattern” and “Poor diet-low physical activity-sedentary lifestyle pattern”. A higher proportion of people aged 18–30 years was classified into the “Poor diet-low physical activity-sedentary lifestyle pattern”. The prevalence odds ratio for obesity in men in the “Mixed diet-physically active-low sedentary lifestyle pattern” was significantly lower compared to those in the “Poor diet-low physical activity-sedentary lifestyle pattern”. Those behavior patterns are helpful to identify specific issues in population subgroups and inform intervention strategies. The findings in this study underline the importance of designing and implementing interventions that address multiple health risk practices, considering lifestyle patterns and associated determinants.
Collapse
|