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Perez-Rodrigo C, Citores MG, Bárbara GH, Aranceta-Bartrina J. Environmental Impact of Increased Adherence to SENC Food Based Dietary Guidelines in the Average Dietary Patterns in Spain. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab043_015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To analyze estimated changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, cropland use and freshwater use of greater adherence to recommendations in Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) issued by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) in average dietary patterns in Spain.
Methods
The data analyzed was drawn from the ENPE study (n = 6800), a cross-sectional study conducted on a random population sample of Spanish population (2015). Dietary intake data was collected by means of a validated 210-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A score of adherence to recommendations in SENC FBDG (DG score) was computed (DG score range 0 to 16). Based on food group intake and adherence to each quantitative recommendation, we estimated food group consumption for a 20% increase in adherence to FBDGs. We calculated the potential environmental impact for those estimates, considering data available on crop specific environmental
footprints for greenhouse gas emissions, cropland use and freshwater use.
Results
SENC FBDGs were formulated in tune with current food, cultural, gastronomic, and economic context. Changes in usual diets that people could comfortably afford in the short and medium term were suggested. Mean adherence DG score in this sample was 7.43 ± 1.94 (median = 7). Dietary changes required for increased adherence DG score included decreased consumption of red and processed meats as well as sugary foods and beverages. In addition, higher consumption of whole grains, fish, eggs, legumes, fruit, vegetables and nuts. Such dietary changes were estimated to contribute to 24% reduction in GHG emissions, but 16% increase in cropland use and 25% in freshwater use.
Conclusions
FBDG are useful tools for preventive actions and health promotion, helpful for guidance in health, education, and community settings. Despite limited evidence, increased adherence to SENC FBDGs can contribute to reduce GHG emissions. Analysis of impact on a variety of indicators of sustainability, comprehensive food system view and consumer involvement are needed to gain adherence to FBDGs and additional impact on sustainability.
Funding Sources
Non-for-profit Eroski Foundation funded the ENPE study field work in collaboration with SPRIM. Funders had no role in data analysis, selection or interpretation of results. The authors declare no competing interests.
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Perez-Rodrigo C, Citores MG, Bárbara GH, Ruiz-Litago F, Sáenz LC, Arija V, López-Sobaler AM, de Victoria EM, Ortega RM, Partearroyo T, Quiles-Izquierdo J, Ribas-Barba L, Rodríguez-Martín A, Castell GS, Varela-Moreiras G, Serra-Majem L, Aranceta-Bartrina J. Factors Associated to Weight Gain During Confinement Due to COVID-19 Pandemic in a Sample of Adults in Spain. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [PMCID: PMC8181788 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab029_045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To analyze the prevalence of weight gain during lockdown for the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain and associated factors in a sample of adults. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1029 adults recruited online through social media, website and newsletter of the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) in a snowball procedure. The protocol used a 10-section questionnaire, including sociodemographic characteristics of participants (gender, age group, occupation), reported changes in dietary habits (22 Likert type items), and physical activity (PA), self-reported body weight and height as well as reported change in body weight. Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed to estimate prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30). A score of dietary change was computed compared to the Spanish Dietary Guidelines (DG) (Score ≥ 6: greater adherence to DGs). Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between sociodemographic factors, dietary change score, change in PA, and overweight or obesity with weight gain during confinement. Responses were collected during the de-escalation phase towards the so-called “new normal”, June 7–26, 2020 (weeks 13–15 since COVID-19 lockdown restrictions started in Spain). Results In this study, 1029 individuals (74% female) accepted to participate and provided valid responses. 37.7% (95%CI 34.8–40.8) reported weight gain during confinement, mean weight gain 2.8 ± 1.4 kg, significantly higher among overweight (3.1 ± 1.5 kg) and obese (3.5 ± 1.5 kg) subjects. Adjusted for age and occupation, increased body weight was more likely in women OR 1.50 (95%IC 1.03–2.19), overweight OR 3.12(IC95% 2.23–4.36) or obese subjects OR 3.13 (IC95% 1.89–5.18) less active than usual in confinement OR 2.16 (1.60–2.92), but less likely for those with dietary change score ≥6, OR 0.60 (IC95% 0.42–0.85). Conclusions A high proportion of adults in Spain reported weight gain during confinement, significantly higher in overweight subjects. Female gender, being overweight or obese and being less physically active were factors positively associated to weight gain in COVID-19 confinement. Changes in lifestyles during lockdown can negatively influence the evolution of chronic diseases and risk factors in many people. Funding Sources This research received no external funding.
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Affiliation(s)
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- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
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Pérez-Rodrigo C, Hervás Bárbara G, Gianzo Citores M, Aranceta-Bartrina J. Prevalence of obesity and associated cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish population: the ENPE study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 75:232-241. [PMID: 33773941 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is a significant public health problem associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity (AO) in the Spanish population aged ≥ 3 years and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and their association with CVRF. METHODS The sample was drawn from the ENPE study (n=6800). The study protocol included individual anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic factors, food intake (food frequency questionnaire), physical activity, lifestyles, and health problems. RESULTS The estimated overall prevalence of obesity (22.0%; 95%CI, 21.0-23.0) and AO (64.7%; 95%CI, 63.5-65.8) was higher in men, in persons aged ≥ 65 years, and in those with a lower socioeconomic level or from southern regions. Lifestyle pattern was significantly associated with obesity and AO (P=.011), which were less likely in people with an active lifestyle pattern (P <.0001). Obesity (OR, 1.85; 95%CI, 1.24-2.78) and AO (OR, 2.16; 95%CI, 1.1-4.24) were positively associated with CVRF. Clustering of CVRF with obesity and/or AO was higher in women (12.6%; 95%CI, 11.4-13.9) and in persons aged ≥ 65 years (32.7%; 95%CI, 30.0-35.4). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of obesity and AO in the Spanish population is high; it is higher in men, increases with age, and is inversely related to socioeconomic status. A lifestyle pattern combining a higher level of physical activity, moderate sedentariness and a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with a lower probability of obesity, AO, and CVRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Pérez-Rodrigo C, Gianzo Citores M, Hervás Bárbara G, Aranceta-Bartrina J. Prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity in Spanish population aged 65 years and over: ENPE study. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 158:49-57. [PMID: 33509603 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity (AO) in the Spanish population aged ≥65 years, to analyse the influence of selected sociodemographic factors and association with risk factors. METHODS The sample comes from the ENPE study, a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized population (2014-2015). This analysis refers to the population ≥65 years (n=1,233). Trained observers performed anthropometric measurements at participants' homes following standard international protocols. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30; AO waist>102cm men; >88cm women. RESULTS Estimated prevalence of obesity in adults ≥65 years was high, higher in women (40.1% [95% CI 36.4-43.8]) than in men (32.5% [95% CI 28.5-36.8]). The prevalence of AO was also higher in women (69.9% [95% CI 66.4-73.1]) than in men (40.7% [95% CI 36.5-44.8]), and estimates were even higher when defining AO by waist-hip ratio or waist-height ratio. Of those classified as AO, 39.8% have a BMI between 25-29. Obesity and AO are higher in the South region compared to East, North-East and Central regions and showed inverse association with educational level. Obesity and AO were associated with increased probability of hypercholesterolaemia and high blood pressure, sarcopenic obesity, and diabetes. CONCLUSION The prevalence of obesity and AO in adults aged ≥65 years is high, higher in women, in people of lower educational level and in the South region compared to East, North-East and Central regions. The high prevalence of OA is especially worrying due to its association with cardiovascular and metabolic complications and poorer quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, España; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC)
| | | | | | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, España; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC); Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España; CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
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Pérez-Rodrigo C, Gianzo Citores M, Hervás Bárbara G, Ruiz-Litago F, Casis Sáenz L, Arija V, López-Sobaler AM, Martínez de Victoria E, Ortega RM, Partearroyo T, Quiles-Izquierdo J, Ribas-Barba L, Rodríguez-Martín A, Salvador Castell G, Tur JA, Varela-Moreiras G, Serra-Majem L, Aranceta-Bartrina J. Patterns of Change in Dietary Habits and Physical Activity during Lockdown in Spain Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020300. [PMID: 33494314 PMCID: PMC7911477 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lockdown due to COVID-19 influenced food habits and lifestyles with potential negative health impact. This study aims to identify patterns of change in eating habits and physical activity during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain and to identify associations with sociodemographic factors and usual habits. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1155 adults recruited online to answer a 10-section questionnaire. The protocol assessed usual diet by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, usual physical activity (PA) and supplement use, dietary changes, sedentary time, PA, exposure to sunlight, sleep quality, and smoking during confinement. Patterns of dietary change were identified by factor analysis. Factor scores were included in cluster analysis together with change in PA. RESULTS Six patterns of dietary change were identified that together with PA changes during lockdown defined three clusters of lifestyle change: a cluster less active, a more active cluster, and a third cluster as active as usual. People who were usually less active were more likely to be classified in the cluster that increased physical activity in confinement. Scores of the Healthy Mediterranean-Style dietary pattern were higher in this group. Conclusions: Different patterns of change in lifestyles in confinement suggest the need to tailor support and advice to different population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain; (F.R.-L.); (L.C.S.); (J.A.-B.)
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-601-2843
| | - Marta Gianzo Citores
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Gotzone Hervás Bárbara
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Fátima Ruiz-Litago
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain; (F.R.-L.); (L.C.S.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Luis Casis Sáenz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain; (F.R.-L.); (L.C.S.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Victoria Arija
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrición Sin Fronteras, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Martínez de Victoria
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
- Fundación Iberoamericana de Nutrición, FINUT, 18016 Armilla Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Quiles-Izquierdo
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Conselleria de Sanidad Universal y Salud Pública, Generalitat Valenciana, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERESP (Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ribas-Barba
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Nutrición Sin Fronteras, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional (FIN), 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Rodríguez-Martín
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gemma Salvador Castell
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Nutrición Sin Fronteras, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- Nutrición Sin Fronteras, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional (FIN), 08029 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular—Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain; (F.R.-L.); (L.C.S.); (J.A.-B.)
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), 08029 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.C.); (G.H.B.); (V.A.); (A.M.L.-S.); (E.M.d.V.); (R.M.O.); (T.P.); (J.Q.-I.); (L.R.-B.); (A.R.-M.); (G.S.C.); (J.A.T.); (G.V.-M.); (L.S.-M.)
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular—Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31009 Navarra, Spain
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Serra-Majem L, Tomaino L, Dernini S, Berry EM, Lairon D, Ngo de la Cruz J, Bach-Faig A, Donini LM, Medina FX, Belahsen R, Piscopo S, Capone R, Aranceta-Bartrina J, La Vecchia C, Trichopoulou A. Updating the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid towards Sustainability: Focus on Environmental Concerns. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8758. [PMID: 33255721 PMCID: PMC7728084 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays the food production, supply and consumption chain represent a major cause of ecological pressure on the natural environment, and diet links worldwide human health with environmental sustainability. Food policy, dietary guidelines and food security strategies need to evolve from the limited historical approach, mainly focused on nutrients and health, to a new one considering the environmental, socio-economic and cultural impact-and thus the sustainability-of diets. OBJECTIVE To present an updated version of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid (MDP) to reflect multiple environmental concerns. METHODS We performed a revision and restructuring of the MDP to incorporate more recent findings on the sustainability and environmental impact of the Mediterranean Diet pattern, as well as its associations with nutrition and health. For each level of the MDP we provided a third dimension featuring the corresponding environmental aspects related to it. CONCLUSIONS The new environmental dimension of the MDP enhances food intake recommendations addressing both health and environmental issues. Compared to the previous 2011 version, it emphasizes more strongly a lower consumption of red meat and bovine dairy products, and a higher consumption of legumes and locally grown eco-friendly plant foods as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular—Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.T.); (J.A.-B.)
- International Foundation of Mediterranean Diet, Nutrition Research Foundation, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (E.M.B.); (J.N.d.l.C.)
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Tomaino
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular—Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.T.); (J.A.-B.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health (DISCCO), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sandro Dernini
- International Foundation of Mediterranean Diet, Nutrition Research Foundation, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (E.M.B.); (J.N.d.l.C.)
- Forum on Mediterranean Food Cultures, 00148 Rome, Italy
| | - Elliot M. Berry
- International Foundation of Mediterranean Diet, Nutrition Research Foundation, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (E.M.B.); (J.N.d.l.C.)
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Denis Lairon
- Human Nutrition, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Joy Ngo de la Cruz
- International Foundation of Mediterranean Diet, Nutrition Research Foundation, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (E.M.B.); (J.N.d.l.C.)
| | - Anna Bach-Faig
- FoodLab Research Group (2017SGR 83), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Open University of Catalonia, UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-F.); (F.-X.M.)
- Food and Nutrition Area, Barcelona Official College of Pharmacists, 08009 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo M. Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00136 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesc-Xavier Medina
- FoodLab Research Group (2017SGR 83), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Open University of Catalonia, UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-F.); (F.-X.M.)
| | - Rekia Belahsen
- Training and Research Unit on Nutrition & Food Sciences, Biotechnology, Biochemistry & Nutrition Laboratory, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco;
| | - Suzanne Piscopo
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Roberto Capone
- International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy;
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular—Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.T.); (J.A.-B.)
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health (DISCCO), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gianzo-Citores M, Pérez-Rodrigo C. Prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y obesidad abdominal en población española entre 3 y 24 años. Estudio ENPE. Rev Esp Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gianzo-Citores M, Pérez-Rodrigo C. Prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in the Spanish population aged 3 to 24 years. The ENPE study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 73:290-299. [PMID: 31987815 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of excess weight and abdominal obesity (AO), based on individual anthropometric measurements, according to various criteria in the Spanish population aged 3 to 24 years and to analyze their distribution by age and sex. METHODS We analyzed data from the ENPE study. This analysis included the population aged 3 to 24 years (n=1601). Anthropometric measurements were taken in participants' homes by trained observers following standardized international protocols. We defined overweight and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force, World Health Organization, and Orbegozo 2011 criteria, and AO according to a waist-to-height index ≥ 0.5, Taylor criteria, and the 90th percentile of Orbegozo 2011. RESULTS The prevalence of excess weight (overweight+obesity) exceeded 30% with all the criteria used. The prevalence of excess overweight (International Obesity Task Force) was estimated at 34.1% (95%CI, 31.8-36.4) and obesity at 10.3% (95%CI, 8.9-11.9). The estimated prevalence of AO (waist-to-height index ≥ 0.5) was 31.2% (95%CI, 29.0-33.5), and 20.9% (95%CI, 18.1-22.1) satisfied all 3 criteria. A total of 16% (95%CI, 13.8-17.8) were overweight and had concomitant AO. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight, obesity and AO in the Spanish population aged 3 to 24 years old is high and is higher in men than in women. When distinct criteria were used, the prevalence of AO was approximately 30%. Among persons classified as obese by the 3 criteria, 71.6% were also classified as having AO according to distinct cutoffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición CB12/03/30038 (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Gianzo-Citores
- Biobanco Vasco, Fundación Vasca de Innovación e Investigación Sanitarias (BIOEF), Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
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Aranceta-Bartrina J, Partearroyo T, López-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM, Varela-Moreiras G, Serra-Majem L, Pérez-Rodrigo C. Updating the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for the Spanish Population: The Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) Proposal. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2675. [PMID: 31694249 PMCID: PMC6893611 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-related risk factors and physical inactivity are among the leading risk factors for disability and are responsible for a large proportion of the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are useful tools for nutrition policies and public health strategies to promote healthier eating and physical activity. In this paper, we discuss the process followed in developing the dietary guidelines for the Spanish population by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) and further explain the collaboration with primary healthcare practitioners as presented in the context of the NUTRIMAD 2018 international congress of SENC. From a health in all policies approach, SENC convened a group of experts in nutrition and public health to review the evidence on diet-health, nutrient intake and food consumption in the Spanish population, as well as food preparation, determinants and impact of diet on environmental sustainability. The collaborative group drafted the document and designed the graphic icon, which was then subject to a consultation process, discussion, and qualitative evaluation. Next, a collaborative group was established to plan a dissemination strategy, involving delegates from all the primary healthcare scientific societies in Spain. A product of this collaboration was the release of an attractive, easy-to-understand publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31009 Navarra, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
- Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional (FIN), 08029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
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Olza J, Martínez de Victoria E, Aranceta-Bartrina J, González-Gross M, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, Gil Á. Adequacy of Critical Nutrients Affecting the Quality of the Spanish Diet in the ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2328. [PMID: 31581518 PMCID: PMC6835880 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is one of the key modifiable behaviors that can help to control and prevent non-communicable chronic diseases. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the overall diet composition of the population through non-invasive and independent indexes or scores as diet quality indexes (DQIs). The primary aim of the present work was to estimate the adequacy of the intake of critical nutrients in the Spanish "Anthropometry, Intake, and Energy Balance Study" (ANIBES) (n = 2285; 9-75 years), considering, as a reference, the European Food Scientific Authority (EFSA) values for nutrients for the European Union. We also assessed the quality of the diet for adults and older adults using four internationally accepted DQIs, namely the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), the Mediterranean Diet Score-modified (MDS-mod), and the Mediterranean-Diet Quality Index (MED-DQI), as well as the ANIBES-DQI, stratified by education and income. The ANIBES-DQI was based on compliance with EFSA and Food and Agriculture Organization recommendations for a selected group of nutrients (i.e., total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), simple sugars, fiber, calcium, vitamin C, and vitamin A), with a total range of 0-7. Misreporting was assessed according to the EFSA protocol, which allowed us to assess the DQIs for both the general population and plausible reporters. The majority of the Spanish population had high intakes of SFAs and sugars and low intakes of fiber, folate, and vitamins A and C. In addition, about half of the population had low DQI scores and exhibited low adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern. Overall, older adults (>65-75 years) showed better DQIs than adults (18-64 years), without major differences between men and women. Moreover, primary education and low income were associated with low MDS and ANIBES-DQI scores. For the ANIBES-DQI, the percentage of the population with low scores was higher in the whole population (69.5%) compared with the plausible energy reporters (49.0%), whereas for medium and high scores the percentages were higher in plausible reporters (41.2% vs. 26.2% and 9.8% vs. 4.3%, respectively). In conclusion, the present study adds support to marked changes in the Mediterranean pattern in Spain, and low education and income levels seem to be associated with a low-quality diet. Additionally, the misreported evaluation in the ANIBES population suggests that this analysis should be routinely included in nutrition surveys to give more precise and accurate data related to nutrient intake and diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Olza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emilio Martínez de Victoria
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madrid Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (IUBS), and Service of Preventive Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canary Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Urb. Montepríncipe, Crta. Boadilla Km 53, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Samaniego-Vaesken MDL, Ruiz E, Partearroyo T, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G. Added Sugars and Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners in a Representative Sample of Food Products Consumed by the Spanish ANIBES Study Population. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1265. [PMID: 30205522 PMCID: PMC6163363 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS), intensely sweet compounds that virtually contain no calories, are used to replace added sugars in food and drinks. Knowledge about different LNCS data in Spanish foods and added sugar sources in Spain is limited, therefore our aim was to identify and compare their presence across main food groups consumed. Food and beverage products (n = 434) were obtained from the ANIBES Study (anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles), a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the Spanish population (9⁻75 years old; n = 2009) carried out in 2013. Food records were obtained from a three-day dietary record using a tablet device. Label data from 1,164 products of different brands were collected and reviewed for content of added sugars and LNCS. LNCS were present in diet soft drinks (100%), "other sweets" (89%), soya drinks (45%), and yogurt and fermented milks (18%). Added sugars were present mainly in sugar soft drinks (100%), energy drinks (96%), sports drinks (96%), bakery and pastry (100%), chocolates (100%), ice cream (100%), breakfast cereals/bars (96%) and jams (89%). Main LNCS were acesulfame K, aspartame, cyclamate and sucralose. Sucrose, dextrose, glucose-fructose syrup, caramel and honey were the main added sugars. Our results show the diversity of foods groups including these ingredients. These data are not compiled in food composition databases, which should be periodically updated to include LNCS and added sugars to facilitate their assessment and monitoring in nutritional surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Ruiz
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31009 Navarra, Spain.
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain.
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madrid Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Service of Preventive Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canary Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; CIBER CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
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13
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Navia B, López-Sobaler AM, Villalobos T, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, Ortega RM. Correction: Breakfast habits and differences regarding abdominal obesity in a cross-sectional study in Spanish adults: The ANIBES study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203341. [PMID: 30153305 PMCID: PMC6112647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188828.].
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Mielgo-Ayuso J, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Olza J, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, González-Gross M. Dietary Intake and Food Sources of Niacin, Riboflavin, Thiamin and Vitamin B₆ in a Representative Sample of the Spanish Population. The Anthropometry, Intake, and Energy Balance in Spain (ANIBES) Study †. Nutrients 2018; 10:E846. [PMID: 29966236 PMCID: PMC6073544 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B₆ are essential micronutrients that are mainly involved in energy metabolism; they may prevent the occurrence of developmental abnormalities and chronic degenerative and neoplastic diseases. The aim was to analyze dietary intake and food sources of those four nutrients in subjects (n = 2009) aged 9⁻75 years old from the Spanish ANIBES (Anthropometry, Intake, and Energy Balance in Spain) study. Dietary data were collected by means of a validated, photo-based three-day dietary food record. Underreporting was analysed according to the European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA, Parma, Italy) protocol. Mean (max⁻min) reported intake for the whole population of thiamin was 1.17 ± 0.02 mg/day, (0.30⁻3.44 mg/day), riboflavin 1.44 ± 0.02 mg/day, (0.37⁻3.54 mg/day), niacin 29.1 ± 0.2 mg/day (6.7⁻109 mg/day), and vitamin B₆ 1.54 ± 0.01 mg/day (0.28⁻9.30 mg/day). The main sources of intake for thiamin, niacin, and vitamin B₆ were meat and meat products, and for riboflavin were milk and dairy products. An elevated percentage of the Spanish ANIBES population meets the EFSA recommended intakes for thiamin (71.2%), riboflavin (72.0%), niacin (99.0%), and vitamin B₆ (77.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and physiology of University of Valladolid, 42003 Soria, Spain.
| | - Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josune Olza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Carlos III Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 3100 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Carlos III Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Carlos III Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Doctor Pasteur s/n Trasera del Hospital, 35016 Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Carlos III Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Serra-Majem L, Raposo A, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Varela-Moreiras G, Logue C, Laviada H, Socolovsky S, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Aldrete-Velasco JA, Meneses Sierra E, López-García R, Ortiz-Andrellucchi A, Gómez-Candela C, Abreu R, Alexanderson E, Álvarez-Álvarez RJ, Álvarez Falcón AL, Anadón A, Bellisle F, Beristain-Navarrete IA, Blasco Redondo R, Bochicchio T, Camolas J, Cardini FG, Carocho M, Costa MDC, Drewnowski A, Durán S, Faundes V, Fernández-Condori R, García-Luna PP, Garnica JC, González-Gross M, La Vecchia C, Leis R, López-Sobaler AM, Madero MA, Marcos A, Mariscal Ramírez LA, Martyn DM, Mistura L, Moreno Rojas R, Moreno Villares JM, Niño-Cruz JA, Oliveira MBPP, Palacios Gil-Antuñano N, Pérez-Castells L, Ribas-Barba L, Rincón Pedrero R, Riobó P, Rivera Medina J, Tinoco de Faria C, Valdés-Ramos R, Vasco E, Wac SN, Wakida G, Wanden-Berghe C, Xóchihua Díaz L, Zúñiga-Guajardo S, Pyrogianni V, Cunha Velho de Sousa S. Ibero⁻American Consensus on Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners: Safety, Nutritional Aspects and Benefits in Food and Beverages. Nutrients 2018; 10:E818. [PMID: 29941818 PMCID: PMC6073242 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
International scientific experts in food, nutrition, dietetics, endocrinology, physical activity, paediatrics, nursing, toxicology and public health met in Lisbon on 2⁻4 July 2017 to develop a Consensus on the use of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) as substitutes for sugars and other caloric sweeteners. LNCS are food additives that are broadly used as sugar substitutes to sweeten foods and beverages with the addition of fewer or no calories. They are also used in medicines, health-care products, such as toothpaste, and food supplements. The goal of this Consensus was to provide a useful, evidence-based, point of reference to assist in efforts to reduce free sugars consumption in line with current international public health recommendations. Participating experts in the Lisbon Consensus analysed and evaluated the evidence in relation to the role of LNCS in food safety, their regulation and the nutritional and dietary aspects of their use in foods and beverages. The conclusions of this Consensus were: (1) LNCS are some of the most extensively evaluated dietary constituents, and their safety has been reviewed and confirmed by regulatory bodies globally including the World Health Organisation, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority; (2) Consumer education, which is based on the most robust scientific evidence and regulatory processes, on the use of products containing LNCS should be strengthened in a comprehensive and objective way; (3) The use of LNCS in weight reduction programmes that involve replacing caloric sweeteners with LNCS in the context of structured diet plans may favour sustainable weight reduction. Furthermore, their use in diabetes management programmes may contribute to a better glycaemic control in patients, albeit with modest results. LNCS also provide dental health benefits when used in place of free sugars; (4) It is proposed that foods and beverages with LNCS could be included in dietary guidelines as alternative options to products sweetened with free sugars; (5) Continued education of health professionals is required, since they are a key source of information on issues related to food and health for both the general population and patients. With this in mind, the publication of position statements and consensus documents in the academic literature are extremely desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Serra-Majem
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain.
- Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Food Sciences (AEN), Barcelona 08029, Spain.
- Nutrition Research Foundation (FIN), University of Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - António Raposo
- Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies-CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal.
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Food Sciences (AEN), Barcelona 08029, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), Barcelona 08029, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa (Bizkaia) 48940, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Food Sciences (AEN), Barcelona 08029, Spain.
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid 28010, Spain.
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte (Madrid) 28668, Spain.
| | - Caomhan Logue
- Nutritional Innovation Centre for Food & Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraines BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Hugo Laviada
- Research Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Medical School, Marist University of Merida, Mérida Yucatan 97300, Mexico.
| | - Susana Socolovsky
- Argentine Association of Food Technologists, Buenos Aires 1088, Argentina.
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Food Sciences (AEN), Barcelona 08029, Spain.
- Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC), Barcelona 08029, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa (Bizkaia) 48940, Spain.
| | | | - Eduardo Meneses Sierra
- Mexican College of Internal Medicine, Mexico City 03910, Mexico.
- Hospital General de Especialidades del ISSSTE, Saltillo, Coahuila 25020, Mexico.
| | | | - Adriana Ortiz-Andrellucchi
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Carmen Gómez-Candela
- Clinical Nutrition Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid 28046, Spain.
- Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute - IdiPAZ, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid 28046, Spain.
| | | | - Erick Alexanderson
- Nuclear Cardiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico.
- Phisiology Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
- Mexican Society of Cardiology, México City 14080, Mexico.
| | | | - Ana Luisa Álvarez Falcón
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain.
- Dr. Negrin University Hospital of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - France Bellisle
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, University of Paris 13, Bobigny 93017, France.
| | | | - Raquel Blasco Redondo
- Regional Center for Sports Medicine of the Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid 47011, Spain.
| | - Tommaso Bochicchio
- Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, La Salle University, Mexico 14000, D. F., Mexico.
- Mexican Transplant Institute, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62448, Mexico.
| | - José Camolas
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Santa Maria⁻CHLN, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
| | - Fernando G Cardini
- Argentine Quality Institute-Instituto Argentino para la Calidad (IAPC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1406, Argentina.
| | - Márcio Carocho
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Céu Costa
- ASAE-Autoridade de Segurança Alimentar e Económica, CBIOS/ECTS-The Biosciences Research Center and NICiTeS/ERISA⁻Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Grupo Lusófona, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal.
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington-Center for Obesity Research, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Samuel Durán
- Chilean College of Nutritionists, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago 7500000, Chile.
| | - Víctor Faundes
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile.
| | | | - Pedro P García-Luna
- Andalusian Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen del Rocio Hospital, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | | | - Marcela González-Gross
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Rosaura Leis
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Paediatric Nutrition Unit of the Santiago Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Ana María López-Sobaler
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | | | - Ascensión Marcos
- Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetics Societies, Madrid 28918, Spain.
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN); Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | | | - Danika M Martyn
- Intertek, HERS, Cody Technology Park, Farnborough GU14 0LX, UK.
| | - Lorenza Mistura
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome 00178, Italy.
| | - Rafael Moreno Rojas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14071, Spain.
| | | | - José Antonio Niño-Cruz
- Mexican Nephrological Research Institute, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
- Departamento de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan-Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | | | - Nieves Palacios Gil-Antuñano
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Sport Medicine Center, AEPSAD, High Sports Council, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | | | - Lourdes Ribas-Barba
- Nutrition Research Foundation (FIN), University of Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Rodolfo Rincón Pedrero
- Departamento de Educación Médica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan-Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, IDC Salud, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Juan Rivera Medina
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima 15083, Peru.
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15083, Peru.
| | - Catarina Tinoco de Faria
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain.
| | - Roxana Valdés-Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50180, Mexico.
| | - Elsa Vasco
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa 1649-016, Portugal.
| | - Sandra N Wac
- Nutrition and Public Health Working Group, Argentine Nutrition Society, La Plata, Buenos Aires 1900, Argentina.
| | | | - Carmina Wanden-Berghe
- Scientific and Educational Committee, Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SENPE), Barcelona 08017, Spain.
| | - Luis Xóchihua Díaz
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria, Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Zúñiga-Guajardo
- Mexican Diabetes Federation, Mexico. Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64630, Mexico.
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Partearroyo T, Samaniego-Vaesken MDL, Ruiz E, Olza J, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G. Dietary sources and intakes of folates and vitamin B12 in the Spanish population: Findings from the ANIBES study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189230. [PMID: 29244867 PMCID: PMC5731688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Folates and vitamin B12 are key nutrients in one-carbon metabolism and related diseases. Updated and plausible information on population intakes and their major dietary sources is scarce and urgently needed in Spain in order to increase the knowledge that can lead as previous step to prevention by fortification and supplementation policies. Aims The present study aims to evaluate main dietary folate and vitamin B12 sources and intakes in the Spanish population. Materials and methods Results were derived from the ANIBES cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years, n = 2,009). Results Food groups with the highest mean proportional contribution to total folate intakes in both males and females were vegetables (21.7–24.9%) and cereals (10.7–11.2%), while meat and meat products (26.4%) and milk and dairy products (27.3%) were for B12. Total median folate and B12 intakes amongst women were 156.3 μg/d and 4.0 μg/d while for men were 163.6 μg/d and 4.5 μg/d, respectively. In all age groups, vitamin intakes were significantly higher in plausible than in non-plausible energy reporters. Conclusion A limited number of participants had adequate folate intakes, whereas vitamin B12 intakes were adequate for practically the entire population. There is a clear need for improving folates intake in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Partearroyo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emma Ruiz
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josune Olza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madrid Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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17
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Navia B, López-Sobaler AM, Villalobos T, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, Ortega RM. Breakfast habits and differences regarding abdominal obesity in a cross-sectional study in Spanish adults: The ANIBES study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188828. [PMID: 29190719 PMCID: PMC5708749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that breakfast has a protective effect against obesity. The aim of this study was to describe the breakfast habits of the Spanish adult population and to assess the possible association between breakfast frequency and the presence of abdominal obesity, in a cross-sectional analysis of the ANIBES Study. METHODS A representative sample of 1655 Spanish adults (aged 39±12 y; (mean±sd)) from the ANIBES Study was investigated. The final field work was carried out from mid-September to November (three months) 2013. Collected data included a dietary data collected by a 3-days food record, and health, socioeconomic, physical activity and anthropometric (weight, height and waist circumference) data. Abdominal obesity was defined as having a waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5. The adults were also classified into three groups based on the number of days they ate breakfast (never (0/3 days), sometimes (1-2/3 days) and always (3/3 days)). Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between breakfast and abdominal obesity. RESULTS In total, 3.6% of adults skipped breakfast and 14.1% ate breakfast sometimes. Having always breakfast was negatively associated with abdominal obesity [OR = 0.738 (0.558-0.975) p = 0.033]. The odds of abdominal obesity after full adjustment (age, gender, and educational and activity level) were 1.5 times higher for those who skipped breakfast when compared to those who always have breakfast. By correcting the model considered for other variables, the odds among smokers decreased when they have breakfast sometimes [OR = 0.032 (0.003-0.387) p = 0.007] and always [OR = 0.023 (0.002-0.270) p = 0.003] comparing with smokers who skip breakfast. CONCLUSION Breakfast frequency could be negatively associated with abdominal obesity, especially among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Navia
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Villalobos
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences & Medical School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Olza J, Aranceta-Bartrina J, González-Gross M, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, Gil Á. Reported Dietary Intake and Food Sources of Zinc, Selenium, and Vitamins A, E and C in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E697. [PMID: 28684689 PMCID: PMC5537812 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc, selenium, and the vitamins A, E and C, all have specific biological functions that are involved mainly in the antioxidant defence system, which has important implications for the development of chronic diseases. We aimed to assess the reported intake of those six nutrients, as well as the food that contributes to their sources of intakes. Data were obtained from the Spanish ANIBES ("Anthropometry, Intake and Energy Balance in Spain") study, n = 2009 (9-75 years old). The analyses were performed in the whole population and in the plausible energy reporters after a misreporting analysis according to the European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA) protocol. A validated, photo-based three-day food record was used to collect the data. Mean (max-min) reported intake for the whole population of zinc was 8.1 ± 0.1 mg/day, (2.3-27.3 mg/day), selenium 75 ± 1 µg/day, (14-265 µg/day), vitamin A 668 µg RE/day (2-11,017 µg RE/day), retinol 364 ± 18 µg/day (0-10,881 µg/day), carotenes 1735 ± 35 µg/day (13-13,962 µg/day), vitamin E 7.0 ± 0.1 mg α-TE/day (0.7-55.2 mg α-TE/day) and vitamin C 84.4 ± 1.4 mg/day (5.0-802.7 mg/day). The main source intakes for zinc were meat and meat products, for selenium cereals and grains, for vitamin E oils and fat, and for vitamin A and C vegetables. There is an elevated percentage of the Spanish ANIBES population not meeting the EFSA recommended intakes for all analysed micronutrients: zinc (83%), vitamin A (60%), vitamin E (80%), vitamin C (36%) and selenium (25%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Olza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madrid Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Faculty of Health Science, c/Doctor Pasteur s/n Trasera del Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), 28010 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Urb. Montepríncipe, Crta. Boadilla Km 53, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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González-Rodríguez LG, Perea Sánchez JM, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, Ortega RM. Intake and Dietary Food Sources of Fibre in Spain: Differences with Regard to the Prevalence of Excess Body Weight and Abdominal Obesity in Adults of the ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040326. [PMID: 28346353 PMCID: PMC5409665 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to study the intake and food sources of fibre in a representative sample of Spanish adults and to analyse its association with excess body weight and abdominal obesity. A sample of 1655 adults (18–64 years) from the ANIBES (“Anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles”) cross-sectional study was analysed. Fibre intake and dietary food sources were determined by using a three-day dietary record. Misreporters were identified using the protocol of the European Food Safety Authority. Mean (standard deviation) fibre intake was 12.59 (5.66) g/day in the whole sample and 15.88 (6.29) g/day in the plausible reporters. Mean fibre intake, both in the whole sample and the plausible reporters, was below the adequate intake established by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Institute of Medicine of the United States (IOM). Main fibre dietary food sources were grains, followed by vegetables, fruits, and pulses. In the whole sample, considering sex, and after adjusting for age and physical activity, mean (standard error) fibre intake (adjusted by energy intake) was higher in subjects who had normal weight (NW) 13.40 (0.184) g/day, without abdominal obesity 13.56 (0.192) g/day or without excess body weight and/or abdominal obesity 13.56 (0.207) g/day compared to those who were overweight (OW) 12.31 (0.195) g/day, p < 0.001 or obese (OB) 11.83 (0.266) g/day, p < 0.001, with abdominal obesity 12.09 (0.157) g/day, p < 0.001 or with excess body weight and/or abdominal obesity 12.22 (0.148) g/day, p < 0.001. There were no significant differences in relation with the fibre intake according to the body mass index (BMI), presence or absence of abdominal obesity or excess body weight and/or abdominal obesity in the plausible reporters. Fibre from afternoon snacks was higher in subjects with NW (6.92%) and without abdominal obesity (6.97%) or without excess body weight and/or abdominal obesity (7.20%), than those with OW (5.30%), p < 0.05 or OB (4.79%), p < 0.05, with abdominal obesity (5.18%), p < 0.01, or with excess body weight and/or abdominal obesity (5.21%), p < 0.01, in the whole sample. Conversely, these differences were not observed in the plausible reporters. The present study demonstrates an insufficient fibre intake both in the whole sample and in the plausible reporters and confirms its association with excess body weight and abdominal obesity only when the whole sample was considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana G González-Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid 28691, Spain.
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - José Miguel Perea Sánchez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid 28691, Spain.
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra 31008, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, c/Doctor Pasteur s/n Trasera del Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid 28668, Spain.
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid 28010, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madrid Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Ruiz E, Rodriguez P, Valero T, Ávila JM, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G. Dietary Intake of Individual (Free and Intrinsic) Sugars and Food Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E275. [PMID: 28335441 PMCID: PMC5372938 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of total and individual sugars is controversial and little is known about consumption and dietary sources in Spain. The purpose was to examine free and intrinsic sugar intake and food and beverage sources. The ANIBES Study (Anthropometry, Intake and Energy Balance in Spain), a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the Spanish population (9-75 years old; n = 2009) carried out in 2013, was used. Food and beverage records were obtained by a three-day dietary record by using a tablet device. The median total sugar intake was 71.5 g/day (17% Total Energy, TE), the intrinsic sugar intake was 38.3 g/day (9.6% TE), and the free sugar was 28.8 g/day (7.3% TE). Total sugar intake (free and intrinsic) was higher in men than in women for all age groups, although in terms of the contribution to total energy intake, the opposite was observed. Differences were observed for free sugar consumption dependent on age and marked differences (up to two-fold) were observed when considering the percent TE, which was much higher in children and adolescents. For the intrinsic sugar, however, a higher contribution to TE was observed in the elderly. The major sources of intrinsic sugars were fruits (31.8%), milks (19.6%), juices and nectars (11.1%), vegetables (9.89%), yogurt and fermented milk (7.18%), low-alcohol-content beverages (4,94%), bread (2.91%), and sugar soft drinks (2.24%), greater than 90% from diet contribution. As for free sugars, sources were sugar soft drinks (25.5%), sugar (17.8%), bakery and pastry items (15.2%), chocolates (11.4%), yogurt and fermented milk (6.44%), other dairy products (5.99%), jams (3.58%), juices and nectars (2.91%), and breakfast cereals and cereal bars (2.78%), summing up to 90% of the contribution. The present study demonstrates that only a moderate percentage of the Spanish population adhered to the present recommendations for total sugar intake, and urgent efforts are needed to improve diet quality in the youngest populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ruiz
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paula Rodriguez
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa Valero
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Ávila
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, C/Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, C/Doctor Pasteur s/n Trasera del Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Urb. Montepríncipe, Crta. Boadilla Km 53, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
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Mielgo-Ayuso J, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Castillo A, Ruiz E, Avila JM, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil A, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, González-Gross M. Sedentary behavior among Spanish children and adolescents: findings from the ANIBES study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:94. [PMID: 28103843 PMCID: PMC5244608 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increase of sedentary behaviors far from the Mediterranean lifestyle is happening in spite of the impact on health. The aims of this study were to describe sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. Methods A representative sample of 424 Spanish children and adolescents (38% females) involved in the ANIBES study was analyzed regarding their sedentary behaviors, together with the availability of televisions, computers, and consoles by means of the HELENA sedentary behavior questionnaire. Results For the total sample of children, 49.3% during weekdays and 84% during weekends did not meet the recommendation of less than 2 hours of screen viewing per day. The use of TV was higher during weekdays (p < 0.05) and there were significant differences between adolescents and children (16.9 vs. 25.1%, p < 0.05). The use of computer, console games and of internet for non-study reasons was higher during weekends (p < 0.001). Adolescents played more computer games and used more internet for non-study reasons than children during both weekdays and weekends (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The use of internet for academic reasons was lower in children (p < 0.001) than adolescents during weekends; however, no significant differences were found between sexes. In addition, more than 30% of the children and adolescents had at least one electronic device in their bedrooms. Conclusions Spanish children and adolescents are not meeting the recommendations regarding the maximum of screen viewing (<2 h/day), especially during the weekend, for all of sedentary behaviors. Urgent strategies and intervention studies are needed to reduce sedentary behavior in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emma Ruiz
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Avila
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Aparicio A, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, Ortega RM. Low Adherence to Dietary Guidelines in Spain, Especially in the Overweight/Obese Population: The ANIBES Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:240-247. [PMID: 28080834 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1248246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the dietary intake of the Spanish population according to ponderal status and body fat distribution. METHODS Data were obtained from ANIBES (Anthropometry, Intake, and Energy Balance in Spain), a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample (1013 men, 996 women) of the Spanish population (18-64 years). The final fieldwork was carried out from mid-September to November (three months) 2013. A 3-day dietary record provided information about food and beverage consumption. Height, weight, and waist circumference were assessed, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) calculated. RESULTS The Spanish population had a low consumption of fruits and vegetables, cereals, whole cereals, and dairy and high consumption of meat products. Individuals with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and abdominal adiposity (WHtR ≥ 0.5) showed lower compliance with dietary guidelines. In the male group, adjusting by age, inadequate consumption of cereals (<4 servings/day) and vegetables and fruit (<5 servings/day) was associated with higher risk of overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.704, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.187-2.447, p = 0.001, for cereals and OR = 3.816, 95% CI, 1.947-7.480, p = 0.001, for vegetables and fruits) and abdominal adiposity (OR = 2.081, 95% CI, 1.419-3.053, p = 0.000 and OR = 4.289, 95% CI, 2.108-8.726, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Nutritional campaigns should be conducted to improve the dietary habits of the Spanish population in general, especially men, who have poorer ponderal status and abdominal adiposity, due to their lower adherence to dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- a VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- a VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- b Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II , and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Centre of Biomedical Research, University of Granada , Armilla , Granada , Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- d ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance , Technical University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- e Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Trasera del Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- f Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , CEU San Pablo University , Boadilla del Monte , Madrid , Spain.,g Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- a VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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López-Sobaler AM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, Ortega RM. General and Abdominal Obesity Is Related to Physical Activity, Smoking and Sleeping Behaviours and Mediated by the Educational Level: Findings from the ANIBES Study in Spain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169027. [PMID: 28033380 PMCID: PMC5199068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of socioeconomic (SES) and lifestyle factors, with the conditions of overweight (OW), general (OB) and abdominal obesity (AO) in Spanish adults. A representative sample of 1655 Spanish adults (18 to 65 years) from the ANIBES Study was investigated. Collected data included measured anthropometry (weight, height and waist circumference), demographic and SES data (region and habitant population size, educational level, family income, unemployment rate), physical activity (PA) and other lifestyle factors (sleeping time and frequency of viewing television). OW, OB and AO were determined in each participant. Being male, older than 40 years, and watching television more frequently were associated with higher risk of OB and AO, whereas those with a higher level of education, smokers, and more time in sleeping and in vigorous PA, but not in moderate-vigorous PA, were associated with a lower risk. Living in the Atlantic region and stating no answer to the question regarding family income were also associated with lower risk of AO. Strategies for preventing and reducing OB and AO should consider improving sleeping habits and PA. They should also pay more attention to the most vulnerable groups such as those less educated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M López-Sobaler
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department Section of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de la Salud, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences & Medical School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edificio Departamental y de Investigación, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Urb. Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Aranceta-Bartrina J, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Ramos-Carrera N, Lázaro-Masedo S. Por qué no utilizar el conocimiento previo: la estadística bayesiana. Respuesta. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aranceta-Bartrina J, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Ramos-Carrera N, Lázaro-Masedo S. Why Not Use Existing Knowledge: Bayesian Statistics. Response. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2016; 69:1235-1236. [PMID: 27818147 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Barcelona, Spain; Fundación FIDEC, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea-Universidad del País Vasco, Basurto-Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain; CiberOBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Barcelona, Spain; Fundación FIDEC, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea-Universidad del País Vasco, Basurto-Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
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Aranceta-Bartrina J, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Alberdi-Aresti G, Ramos-Carrera N, Lázaro-Masedo S. Prevalencia de obesidad general y obesidad abdominal en la población adulta española (25–64 años) 2014–2015: estudio ENPE. Rev Esp Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Aranceta-Bartrina J, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Alberdi-Aresti G, Ramos-Carrera N, Lázaro-Masedo S. Prevalence of General Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in the Spanish Adult Population (Aged 25-64 Years) 2014-2015: The ENPE Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 69:579-87. [PMID: 27133458 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES According to the 2013 analysis of the Institute of Health Metrics, high body mass index values are the most important risk factor for disease in Spain. Consequently, we describe the prevalence of total obesity and abdominal obesity in the Spanish adult population (25-64 years) for 2014-2015. METHODS The sample was taken from the ENPE study, a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population (n = 6800) carried out between May 2014 and May 2015. This analysis refers to the population between age 25 and 64 years (n = 3966). The anthropometric measurements were performed by trained observers at participants' homes according to standard international protocols. Body mass index ≥ 25 was defined as overweight and ≥ 30 as obesity. Abdominal obesity was classified as waist > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of overweight in the Spanish adult population (25-64 years) was 39.3% 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 35.7%-42.9%). The prevalence of general obesity was 21.6% (95%CI, 19.0%-24.2%) and, more specifically, was 22.8% (95%CI, 20.6%-25.0%) among men and 20.5% (95%CI, 18.5%-22.5%) among women, and rose with age. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was estimated at 33.4% (95%CI, 31.1%-35.7%) and was higher among women (43.3%; 95%CI, 41.1%-45.8%) than among men (23.3%; 95%CI, 20.9%-25.5%), and also rose with age. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in Spain is high, although the distribution differs according to autonomous community. A comparison with earlier data reveals a considerable increase in overweight, indicating the need for routine monitoring and comprehensive initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Barcelona, Spain; Fundación FIDEC, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea-Universidad del País Vasco, Basurto-Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain; CiberOBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Barcelona, Spain; Fundación FIDEC, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea-Universidad del País Vasco, Basurto-Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Goiuri Alberdi-Aresti
- Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Ruiz E, Ávila JM, Valero T, Del Pozo S, Rodriguez P, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G. Macronutrient Distribution and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:177. [PMID: 27011202 PMCID: PMC4808903 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to analyze dietary macronutrient intake and its main sources according to sex and age. Results were derived from the ANIBES ("Anthropometry, Intake and Energy Balance in Spain") cross-sectional study using a nationally-representative sample of the Spanish population (9-75 years old). Mean dietary protein intake was 74.5 ± 22.4 g/day, with meat and meat products as the main sources (33.0%). Mean carbohydrate intake was 185.4 ± 60.9 g/day and was higher in children and adolescents; grains (49%), mainly bread, were the main contributor. Milk and dairy products (23%) ranked first for sugar intake. Mean lipid intake was 78.1 ± 26.1 g/day and was higher in younger age groups; contributions were mainly from oils and fats (32.5%; olive oil 25.6%) and meat and meat products (22.0%). Lipid profiles showed relatively high monounsaturated fatty acid intake, of which olive oil contributed 38.8%. Saturated fatty acids were mainly (>70%) combined from meat and meat products, milk and dairy products and oils and fats. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were mainly from oils and fats (31.5%). The macronutrient intake and distribution in the Spanish population is far from population reference intakes and nutritional goals, especially for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ruiz
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1 pta, Madrid 28010, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Ávila
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1 pta, Madrid 28010, Spain.
| | - Teresa Valero
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1 pta, Madrid 28010, Spain.
| | - Susana Del Pozo
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1 pta, Madrid 28010, Spain.
| | - Paula Rodriguez
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1 pta, Madrid 28010, Spain.
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada. Campus de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, C/Martín Fierro 7, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, C/Doctor Pasteur s/n Trasera del Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas 35016, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1 pta, Madrid 28010, Spain.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Urb. Montepríncipe, Crta. Boadilla Km 53, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28668, Spain.
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Ruiz E, Ávila JM, Valero T, del Pozo S, Rodriguez P, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G. Energy Intake, Profile, and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings of the ANIBES Study. Nutrients 2015; 7:4739-62. [PMID: 26076230 PMCID: PMC4488811 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy intake, and the foods and beverages contributing to that, are considered key to understanding the high obesity prevalence worldwide. The relative contributions of energy intake and expenditure to the obesity epidemic, however, remain poorly defined in Spain. The purpose of this study was to contribute to updating data of dietary energy intake and its main sources from food and beverages, according to gender and age. These data were derived from the ANIBES ("Anthropometry, Intake, and Energy Balance in Spain") study, a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of the Spanish population (from 9-75 years old). A three-day dietary record, collected by means of a tablet device, was used to obtain information about food and beverage consumption and leftovers. The final sample comprised 2009 individuals (1,013 men, 996 women). The observed mean dietary energy intake was 7.6 ± 2.11 MJ/day (8.2 ± 2.22 MJ/day for men and 6.9 ± 1.79 MJ/day for women). The highest intakes were observed among adolescents aged 13-17 years (8.4 MJ/day), followed by children 9-12 years (8.2 ± 1.80 MJ/day), adults aged 18-64 (7.6 ± 2.14 MJ/day) and older adults aged 65-75 years (6.8 ± 1.88 MJ/day). Cereals or grains (27.4%), meats and derivatives (15.2%), oils and fats (12.3%), and milk and dairy products (11.8%) contributed most to daily energy intake. Energy contributions from non-alcoholic beverages (3.9%), fish and shellfish (3.6%), sugars and sweets (3.3%) and alcoholic beverages (2.6%) were moderate to minor. Contributions to caloric profile were 16.8%E from proteins; 41.1%E from carbohydrates, including 1.4%E from fiber; 38.5%E from fats; and 1.9%E from alcohol intake. We can conclude that energy intake is decreasing in the Spanish population. A variety of food and beverage groups contribute to energy intake; however, it is necessary to reinforce efforts for better adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ruiz
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1ªpta, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Ávila
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1ªpta, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa Valero
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1ªpta, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana del Pozo
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1ªpta, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paula Rodriguez
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1ªpta, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, C/Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, C/Doctor Pasteur s/n Trasera del Hospital, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), C/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1ªpta, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Urb. Montepríncipe, Crta. Boadilla Km. 5.3, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Aranceta-Bartrina J. Foreword. Interest for food and nutrition population studies. NUTR HOSP 2015; 31 Suppl 3:1-6. [PMID: 25719764 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.sup3.8821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
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Aranceta-Bartrina J, Varela-Moreiras G, Serra-Majem L, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Abellana R, Ara I, Arija V, Aznar S, Ávila JM, Belmonte S, Blasco R, Caldeiro J, Carrillo L, Corella D, López ML, Garaulet M, García-Luna PP, García-Perea A, Gil Á, Gómez-Candela C, González-Gross M, Granado de la Orden S, López-Pardo M, Marcos A, Martínez de Victoria E, Morán L, Ordovás JM, Ortega RM, Palacios N, Polanco Allué I, Ramón JM, Ribas L, Riobó P, Salvador Castell G, Serrano C, De Torres ML, Urrialde R, Zamora S. Consensus document and conclusions. Methodology of dietary surveys, studies on nutrition, physical activity and other lifestyles. NUTR HOSP 2015; 31 Suppl 3:9-11. [PMID: 25719765 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.sup3.8778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Departament of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra; Spanish Foundation for Nutritional Research, FIN, Barcelona; CiberOBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid;.
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid ; Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universty of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Spanish Foundation for Nutritional Research, FIN, Barcelona; CiberOBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raquel Blasco
- Regional Center for Sports Medicine at the Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid
| | | | - Lourdes Carrillo
- Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine, semFYC, Santa Cruz de Tenerife,
| | - Dolores Corella
- University of Valencia; CiberOBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luis Morán
- Andalusian Society for Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, SANCYD, Sevilla
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lourdes Ribas
- Spanish Foundation for Nutritional Research, FIN, Barcelona
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Ochoa-Meza G, Sierra JC, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Aranceta-Bartrina J. [Validity of Pro Children Project questionnaire for assessing psychosocial factors of fruit and vegetable intake in Mexico]. Salud Publica Mex 2014; 56:165-179. [PMID: 25014423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine content and construct validity for the Mexican version of Pro Children Project questionnaire for assessing psychosocial factors, related to fruit and vegetable intake in samples of 10-12 year-old schoolchildren. MATERIALS AND METHODS The questionnaire consisted of 87 items. It was administered to 2084 children in an instrumental study conducted in 2011 in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. RESULTS Kappa statistic resulted in good agreement between experts (kappa=0.69), very good agreement in children (kappa=0.93). Seven factors were obtained that explained 37.87% of the variance in fruit and 48.18% of the variance in vegetable. Cronbach's alpha values were low to moderate (range 0.55 to 0.83). An internal structure of seven first order factors was confirmed in fruits and six linked to vegetables. CONCLUSION The questionnaire provides sufficient validity for assessing psychosocial factors related to fruit and vegetable intake in 10-12 year old schoolchildren. Finally, implications of the findings in the test adaptation process for assessing psychosocial factors of fruit and vegetable intake and for future research in this instrument are discussed.
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Ochoa-Meza G, C Sierra J, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Aranceta-Bartrina J. Validación del cuestionario Pro Children Project para evaluar factores psicosociales del consumo de fruta y verdura en México. Salud Publica Mex 2014. [DOI: 10.21149/spm.v56i2.7332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo. Determinar la validez de contenido y de constructo de la versión mexicana del cuestionario Pro Children Project para evaluar factores psicosociales, asociados con el consumo de fruta y verdura en muestras de niños escolares de 10 a 12 años. Material y métodos. Cuestionario de 87 reactivos, aplicado en un estudio instrumental, realizado en 2011 a 2 084 niños en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Resultados. El acuerdo entre expertos fue bueno (Kappa=0.69) y muy bueno entre niños (kappa=0.93). Siete factores explican el 37.87% de la varianza en fruta y el 48.18% en verdura. Los valores alfa de Cronbach fueron de bajos a moderados (0.55-0.83). Se confirma una estructura interna de siete factores de primer orden en fruta y de seis en verdura. Conclusión. El cuestionario provee validez suficiente para la evaluación global de factores psicosociales asociados con el consumo de fruta y verdura en niños escolares de 10 a 12 años. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de los hallazgos en la adaptación del instrumento para su posible aplicación en la evaluación de factores psicosociales del consumo de fruta y verdura y para futuras investigaciones con este instrumento.
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