1
|
Burahmah E, Shanmugam S, Stansfield B. The accumulation of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children with cerebral palsy and their typically developing peers aged 6-12 years. Gait Posture 2024; 113:468-476. [PMID: 39126959 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity and sedentary behaviour are usually described using daily volume indicators. However, for young children (6-12 years) and specifically those with conditions such as Cerebral Palsy, exploration of how physical behaviours are accumulated may provide valuable insight for behaviour change intervention planning. RESEARCH QUESTION How are physical activity and sedentary behaviour accumulated by 6-12 year old children with Cerebral Palsy and is this different from their typically developing peers? METHODS A cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of ambulatory children with CP (CP) and typically developing (TD) children, 6-12 years, was recruited. Children wore a thigh worn activity monitor (activPAL4) during typical daily activities. Overall volume of daily sedentary, upright and stepping time was characterised as well as how this was accumulated in bouts of activity. RESULTS There were no differences (p<0.05) in either volume or accumulation measures of physical behaviours between TD (n=14, 8.2±1.8 years) and children with CP (n=15, 8.6±1.4 years). However, there was wide variation in activity accumulation patterns between individuals. The mean proportion of daily time in each physical behaviour, accumulated in bouts above set times was: Upright time: bouts >5 mins 46 % TD & CP, bouts >20 mins 9 % TD & CP; Stepping time: bouts >0.5 mins 50 % TD, 45 % CP, bouts >2 mins 10 % TD, 9 % CP; Sedentary time: bouts >5 mins 77 % TD, 76 % CP, bouts >30 mins 26 % TD, 29 % CP. SIGNIFICANCE Young children with CP aged 6-12 years do not appear to have different physical behaviours to their TD peers. However, for individuals, descriptors of accumulation of physical activity and sedentary behaviour bouts provides additional information over and above volume measures, giving insight into behaviour which may be used to inform intervention planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Burahmah
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Sivaramkumar Shanmugam
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Ben Stansfield
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bourke M, Bruijns BA, Vanderloo LM, Irwin J, Heydon R, Carson V, Naylor PJ, Johnson AM, Adamo KB, Burke SM, Timmons BW, Tucker P. The efficacy of the TEACH e-Learning course at improving early childhood educators' physical activity and sedentary behaviour self-efficacy, knowledge, intentions, and perceived behavioural control: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:79. [PMID: 39039543 PMCID: PMC11265122 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood educators play a critical role in promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary time in childcare centres. However, early childhood educators receive limited specialised pre- and in-service learning opportunities relating to these behaviours and may lack the capacity to effectively engage children in healthy movement behaviours. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of an e-Learning course on increasing early childhood educators' physical activity and sedentary behaviour-related capacities. METHODS A two-group parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted with early childhood educators in Canada (Mage = 41.78, 97% female). Participants randomized to the intervention group were asked to complete a physical activity and sedentary behaviour e-Learning course within a 4-week period. Participants randomized to the waitlist control condition were assigned to a waitlist to receive the intervention after the testing period. Participants reported on their self-efficacy, knowledge, intentions, and perceived behavioural control relating to physical activity and sedentary behaviours at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 months follow-up. Linear mixed effects models were estimated to determine difference in changes in outcomes from baseline to post-intervention, and follow-up. RESULTS A total of 209 early childhood educators participated in the study (intervention n = 98; control n = 111). The TEACH e-Learning course was found to be efficacious at improving all of the examined outcomes, with standardized effect sizes ranging from d = 0.58 to d = 0.65 for self-efficacy outcomes, d = 0.66 to d = 1.20 for knowledge outcomes, d = 0.50 to d = 0.65 for intention outcomes, and d = 0.33 to d = 0.69 for perceived behavioural control outcomes post-intervention. The intervention effects were sustained at follow-up for all outcomes apart from perceived behavioural control to limit screen time. Additionally, the magnitude of the effect for knowledge outcomes decreased at follow-up, with standardized effect sizes ranging from d = 0.49 to d = 0.67. CONCLUSIONS The e-Learning course was highly successful at improving early childhood educators' capacity pertaining to physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Providing training content through e-Learning may be an efficacious approach to providing continual professional learning opportunities relating to physical activity and sedentary time to early childhood educators on a large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bourke
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Brianne A Bruijns
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Irwin
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Heydon
- Faculty of Education, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew M Johnson
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shauna M Burke
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian W Timmons
- Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ge X, Zhang E, Liu Y, Li H, Hu F, Chen J, Wang Y, Cai Y, Xiang M. Factors associated with out-of-school physical activity among Chinese children and adolescents: A stratified cross-sectional study. Prev Med 2024; 184:107985. [PMID: 38705485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This observational study examined the factors associated with the physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents outside of school within the framework of Problem Behavior Theory (PBT). METHODS This cross-sectional study obtained data from 6528 children and adolescents aged 6-16 years recruited from ten schools in Shanghai, China. The questionnaire measured out-of-school PA and PBT-based correlates. A series of multiple linear regressions were used to explore the factors influencing children and adolescents' out-of-school PA separately. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore the association between the three systems of PBT and out-of-school PA. RESULTS Higher intrinsic motivation is positively associated with increased PA for children (b = 1.038, 95%CI: 0.897-1.180) and adolescents (b = 1.207, 95%CI: 0.890-1.524). Greater frequency of parental involvement in PA correlates with elevated PA for both children (b = 2.859, 95%CI: 2.147-3.572) and adolescents (b = 2.147, 95%CI: 0.311-3.983). In children, increased use of community exercise areas or facilities (b = 1.705, 95%CI: 0.234-3.176) and higher recreational screen time (b = 9.732, 95%CI: 5.614-13.850) are associated with higher PA. The SEM showed that factors of the personality system had a significant direct effect on out-of-school PA among children and adolescents, and factors of the behavior system also had a significant effect on children. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the personality system, particularly intrinsic motivation, is important in promoting out-of-school PA in children and adolescents. For children, modifiable health behaviors in the behavior system can similarly influence PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge
- Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572022, China; Public Health department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xianxia Road, No.1111, Shanghai 200336, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227. South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Erliang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227. South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227. South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huilun Li
- Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572022, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227. South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fan Hu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227. South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianchang Chen
- Shanghai Educational Center Of Science & Art, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - YiRan Wang
- Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Public Health department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xianxia Road, No.1111, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Mi Xiang
- Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572022, China; Public Health department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xianxia Road, No.1111, Shanghai 200336, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227. South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramos-Munell J, Pearce MS, Adamson A, Janssen X, Basterfield L, Reilly JJ. Tracking of MVPA across childhood and adolescence. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:396-401. [PMID: 38599962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tracking of physical activity from childhood onwards is an important public health issue, but evidence on tracking is limited. This study quantified the tracking of Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) across childhood and adolescence in a recent cohort from England. DESIGN Longitudinal, with a socio-economically representative sample from North-East England, over an 8-year period. METHODS Measures of time spent in MVPA, with an Actigraph GT1M accelerometer, were made at age 7-8y (n = 622, T1), age 9-10y (n = 585, T2), age 12-13y (n = 525, T3) and age 14-16y (n = 361, T4). Tracking of MVPA was assessed using rank order correlations between time spent in MVPA T1-T2, T1-T3, and T1-T4, and by using Cohen's kappa to examine tracking of meeting the MVPA guideline (mean of 60 min/d). We examined whether tracking varied by sex, socio-economic status (SES), initial MVPA, or initial body fatness. RESULTS Rank order correlations were all statistically significant at p < 0.01 and moderate: 0.58 between T1 and T2; 0.42 between T1 and T3; 0.41 between T1 and T4. Cohen's kappas for meeting the global MVPA guideline were all significant, weakening from moderate to low over the 8 years. Tracking was stronger in higher SES compared to lower SES groups, and there was some evidence that it was stronger in girls than boys, but the other explanatory variables had little influence on tracking. CONCLUSIONS Tracking of MVPA from mid-childhood to mid-adolescence in this cohort was moderate. This study suggests there is a need to establish high MVPA by mid-childhood, and to mitigate the age-related reduction in MVPA which occurs from mid-childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos-Munell
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, UK; Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Spain.
| | - Mark S Pearce
- Institute of Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Ashley Adamson
- Institute of Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK; Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Xanne Janssen
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, UK
| | - Laura Basterfield
- Institute of Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - John J Reilly
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Remmers T, Koolwijk P, Fassaert I, Nolles J, de Groot W, Vos SB, de Vries SI, Mombarg R, Van Kann DHH. Investigating young children's physical activity through time and place. Int J Health Geogr 2024; 23:12. [PMID: 38745292 PMCID: PMC11092161 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-024-00373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research indicates the start of primary school (4-5-year-old) as an essential period for the development of children's physical activity (PA) patterns, as from this point, the age-related decline of PA is most often observed. During this period, young children are exposed to a wider variety of environmental- and social contexts and therefore their PA is influenced by more diverse factors. However, in order to understand children's daily PA patterns and identify relevant opportunities for PA promotion, it is important to further unravel in which (social) contexts throughout the day, PA of young children takes place. METHODS We included a cross-national sample of 21 primary schools from the Startvaardig study. In total, 248 children provided valid accelerometer and global positioning (GPS) data. Geospatial analyses were conducted to quantify PA in (social) environments based on their school and home. Transport-related PA was evaluated using GPS speed-algorithms. PA was analysed at different environments, time-periods and for week- and weekend days separately. RESULTS Children accumulated an average of 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), both during week- and weekend days. Schools contributed to approximately half of daily MVPA during weekdays. During weekends, environments within 100 m from home were important, as well as locations outside the home-school neighbourhood. Pedestrian trips contributed to almost half of the daily MVPA. CONCLUSIONS We identified several social contexts relevant for children's daily MVPA. Schools have the potential to significantly contribute to young children's PA patterns and are therefore encouraged to systematically evaluate and implement parts of the school-system that stimulate PA and potentially also learning processes. Pedestrian trips also have substantial contribution to daily MVPA of young children, which highlights the importance of daily active transport in school- and parental routines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Remmers
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - P Koolwijk
- Research group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - I Fassaert
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Nolles
- Institute of Sport Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - W de Groot
- Institute of Sport Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S B Vos
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - S I de Vries
- Research group Healthy Lifestyle in a Supporting Environment, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Health Campus The Hague, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - R Mombarg
- Institute of Sport Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Orthopedagogy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - D H H Van Kann
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kolehmainen N, Thornton C, Craw O, Pearce MS, Kudlek L, Nazarpour K, Cutler L, Van Sluijs E, Rapley T. Physical activity in young children across developmental and health states: the ActiveCHILD study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 60:102008. [PMID: 37251626 PMCID: PMC10220310 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence about physical activity of young children across developmental and health states is very limited. Using data from an inclusive UK cohort, ActiveCHILD, we investigated relationships between objectively measured physical activity, child development, social context, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods Children (12-36 months), purposively sampled across health pathways, developmental abilities, and sociodemographic factors, were recruited through thirteen National Health Service organisations in England. Data were collected from 07/2017 to 08/2019 on: weekly physical activity (3-7 days) using waist-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph 3GTX); sociodemographics, parent actions, child HRQoL, and child development using questionnaires; and child health conditions using clinical records. A data-driven, unsupervised method, called hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) segmented the accelerometery data and provided estimates of the total time spent active (any intensity) and very active (greater intensity) for each child. Relationships with the explanatory factors were investigated using multiple linear regression. Findings Physical activity data were obtained for 282 children (56% females, mean age 21 months, 37.5% with a health condition) covering all index of multiple deprivation deciles. The patterns of physical activity consisted of two daily peaks, children spending 6.44 (SD = 1.39) hours active (any intensity), of which 2.78 (SD = 1.38) hours very active, 91% meeting WHO guidelines. The model for total time active (any intensity) explained 24% of variance, with mobility capacity the strongest predictor (β = 0.41). The model for time spent very active explained 59% of variance, with mobility capacity again the strongest predictor (β = 0.76). There was no evidence of physical activity explaining HRQoL. Interpretation The findings provide new evidence that young children across developmental states regularly achieve mainstream recommended physical activity levels and challenges the belief that children with development problems need lower expectations for daily physical activity compared to peers. Advancing the rights of all children to participate in physical activity requires inclusive, equally ambitious, expectations for all. Funding Niina Kolehmainen, HEE/NIHR Integrated Clinical Academic Senior Clinical Lecturer, NIHR ICA-SCL-2015-01-00, was funded by the NIHR for this research project. Christopher Thornton, Olivia Craw, Laura Kudlek, and Laura Cutler were also funded from this award. Tim Rapley is a member of the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North East and North Cumbria, with part of his time funded through the related award (NIHR200173). The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR, NHS, or the UK Department of Health and Social Care. The work of Kianoush Nazarpour is supported by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), under grant number EP/R004242/2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niina Kolehmainen
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Thornton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olivia Craw
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark S. Pearce
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Kudlek
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Laura Cutler
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Esther Van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Rapley
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nilsen A, Espedal H, Aadland KN, Aadland E. Associations between educators' and children's physical activity and sedentary time in Norwegian preschools: A cross-sectional study. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:200-208. [PMID: 37087749 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2204638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Preschool educators may be important role models influencing children's physical activity (PA) behaviours. The main aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between educators' and children's PA and sedentary time (SED) by including 1230 children (mean age 4.8 yrs, 48% girls) and 422 educators (mean age 42.4 yrs, 90% women) from 68 preschools in Western Norway. PA and SED were measured over 10 preschool days using hip worn ActiGraph GT3×+ accelerometers. Associations between child and educator PA and SED during preschool hours, determined by multivariate pattern analyses, provided explained variances (R2) = 2.8-5.2%. Levels of educator moderate PA were positively related to child PA (all intensities) and educator vigorous PA were positively related to child vigorous PA, while educator light PA was negatively associated with PA and positively associated with child SED. Educator SED were positively associated with child vigorous PA and negatively associated to child SED. Association patterns were similar for boys and girls, while educator moderate and vigorous PA were more strongly related to the younger vs. the older children's PA. The positive relationships between educators' moderate and vigorous PA and children's PA found herein suggest educators' PA behaviours should be addressed in future interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ako Nilsen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - H Espedal
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - K N Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - E Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carver A, Cerin E, Akram M, Sallis JF, Cain KL, Frank LD, Geremia CM, Conway TL, Glanz K, Saelens BE. Associations of home and neighborhood environments with children's physical activity in the U.S.-based Neighborhood Impact on Kids (NIK) longitudinal cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:9. [PMID: 36732765 PMCID: PMC9896701 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity is important for children's health and well-being. Supportiveness for physical activity of home and neighborhood environments may affect children's PA, but most studies are cross-sectional. We examined environmental predictors of change in children's physical activity over two years. METHODS Data were from the longitudinal, observational cohort study, 'Neighborhood Impact on Kids'. Participants were children (initially aged 6-12 years) and their parent/caregiver (n = 727 dyads) living in neighborhoods throughout San Diego County, California and King County (Seattle area), Washington, USA. Children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured using accelerometers at T1 (Time 1 or baseline, 2007-2009) and T2, the two-year follow-up. At T1, parents survey-reported on physical activity (PA) equipment at home and demographics. Neighborhood environment was measured using spatial data in Geographic Information Systems (intersection density; park availability) and in-person audits (informal play space near home; park-based PA facilities; land use; support for walking/cycling). Generalized additive mixed models estimated total effects, then direct effects, of environmental attributes on MVPA at T1. Two-way moderating effects of child's sex and age were examined at T1. To examine associations of environmental exposures with changes in MVPA, we estimated interaction effects of environmental attributes on the association between time and MVPA. RESULTS On average, children accumulated 146 min/day (standard deviation or SD = 53) of MVPA at T1, and 113 (SD = 58) min/day at T2. There were no significant total or direct effects of environmental attributes on MVPA at T1, and no significant two-way interaction effects of child's age and sex for T1 MVPA. Having informal play spaces proximal to home with more amenities was associated with less MVPA decline from T1 to T2. Higher residential density, higher land use mix, and higher number of PA facilities in nearby parks were unexpectedly associated with greater MVPA decline. CONCLUSION Higher quality informal play spaces close to home may help offset declines in MVPA during middle childhood, as they may promote unstructured active play with opportunities for parental or neighbor surveillance. Unexpectedly, environmental factors consistent with higher walkability were associated with greater declines in children's MVPA. As physical activity differs across the lifespan, so may environmental factors that facilitate it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Carver
- Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston, VIC Australia
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - James F. Sallis
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Kelli L. Cain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Lawrence D. Frank
- Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Carrie M. Geremia
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Terry L. Conway
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Karen Glanz
- Perelman School of Medicine and the School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Brian E. Saelens
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Plesek J, Hamill J, Freedman Silvernail J, Skypala J, Jandacka D. Age differences in running biomechanics during footstrike between preschool children and adults. J Sports Sci 2023; 40:2401-2411. [PMID: 36588173 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2162237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare impact loading between two age groups of preschool children (3-4 and 5-6 years old) and one group of young adults representing mature level of running skill (n = 15 per group). Three-dimensional biomechanical data were collected during running barefoot, in minimalist and running shoes. A two-way mixed ANOVA was performed to assess age and footwear differences in vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR). An interaction was found in VILR. Older (5-6) preschoolers had 30-31% lower VILR than younger (3-4) (p = 0.012, d = 1.02; p = 0.001, d = 1.18) and adults had 51-77% lower VILR than younger preschoolers (p = 0.001, d = 1.85; p = 0.001, d = 2.82) in minimalist and running shoes, respectively. Additionally, adults had lower VILR than older preschoolers in running shoes (p = 0.001, d = 2.68). No differences were found between older children and adults in barefoot and minimalist shoes. Loading decreased with increasing age, particularly in minimalist and running shoes. Unchanged cadence and running speed did not explain the decrease of VILR during preschool age. The explanation likely underlies in lower limb alignment during footstrike and developmental ontogenetic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plesek
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratories, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Julia Freedman Silvernail
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jiri Skypala
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jandacka
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang CH, Wang S, Wang WL, Belcher BR, Dunton GF. Day-level associations of physical activity and sedentary time in mother-child dyads across three years: a multi-wave longitudinal study using accelerometers. J Behav Med 2022; 45:702-715. [PMID: 35753007 PMCID: PMC10617572 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding associations between mothers' and children's physical activity and sedentary behavior on more fine-grained timescales can provide insights into real-time intervention opportunities. This study examined the extent to which mothers' and their children's device-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (SDT) were associated at the day level during non-school time. Mother-child dyads (N = 193; baseline Mean ages = 40.69 ± 6.11 [mother] and 9.57 ± 0.89 [child] years) provided 3,135 paired days of accelerometry data from six bi-annual waves across three years. Controlling for covariates, multilevel models revealed that mothers' and their children's MVPA and SDT were positively associated at the day level during non-school time, both on weekdays and weekends. During weekdays, the day-level association for SDT was stronger for older than younger children, and the day-level association for MVPA was stronger for boys than girls. Designing family-based interventions targeting school-age children and their mothers during non-school time across the week may be useful for promoting active lifestyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Shirlene Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wei-Lin Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li B, Tong WX, Zhang M, Wang GX, Zhang YS, Meng SQ, Li YX, Cui ZL, Zhang JY, Ye YP, Han SS. Epidemiological Study of Physical Activity, Negative Moods, and Their Correlations among College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11748. [PMID: 36142020 PMCID: PMC9516961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative moods in college students have caused frequent extreme behaviors. This study analyzed the current status and correlation between physical activity and negative moods in college students. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used in the present research. Data on college students' physical activity and negative moods were collected using the Sports Questionnaire Star software. The questionnaires were administered to college students in five colleges and universities in Henan and Jiangsu Provinces, China, and a total of 3711 correctly completed questionnaires were returned. Data on sociological and demographic information, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were collected. The research was conducted in December 2021. RESULTS The low-intensity physical activity rate among college students was 55.56%, while depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were detected in 35.14%, 65.29%, and 10.99%of the college students, respectively. Depression (K = 35.58, p < 0.001) and anxiety (K = 15.56, p < 0.001) rates were significantly different among the different physical activity intensity groups. The proportion of students who perform high-intensity physical activities was lower than those who perform low- and moderate-intensity physical activities. CONCLUSION Low physical activity and high anxiety are evident among college students, and prolonged moderate-to-low-intensity physical activity (including static behavior) induces depression and anxiety. In the future, further studies can be conducted on improving the physical activity intensity of college students, improving the mental health monitoring and intervention systems of college students, and exploring the dose-effect relationship between physical activity and negative moods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Physical Education College, Shangqiu University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Wen-Xia Tong
- Physical Education College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- No. 2 Experimental Primary School in Haidian, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guang-Xu Wang
- College of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yang-Sheng Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Shu-Qiao Meng
- Physical Education College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Ya-Xing Li
- Physical Education College, Shangqiu University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Zhong-Lei Cui
- Physical Education College, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Jun-Yong Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yu-Peng Ye
- School of Physical Education, Jing-Gang-Shan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Shan-Shan Han
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aadland E, Okely AD, Nilsen AKO. Trajectories of physical activity and sedentary time in Norwegian children aged 3-9 years: a 5-year longitudinal study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:67. [PMID: 35690755 PMCID: PMC9188121 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists regarding the longitudinal development of physical activity during early to mid childhood. The aim of this study was to determine physical activity and sedentary time trajectories in children aged 3‒9 years from Western Norway. METHODS A sample of 294 children (51% boys; aged 3‒5 years at baseline) from the Sogn og Fjordane Preschool Physical Activity Study was followed annually over 5 years (2015‒2019). Physical activity was measured every autumn during this period using hip-based accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+). Data was processed as counts. We used linear mixed models to analyse the data. Primary analyses included trajectories for total and intensity-specific physical activity (light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate to vigorous intensity) and sedentary time for boys and girls using 1-s epoch. Secondary analyses included trajectories for weekdays versus weekend days, preschool/school hours versus after school hours, and 1- versus 60-s epoch lengths. RESULTS Over the total day, significant associations with age were found for boys and girls for all physical activity intensities and sedentary time (p < .001). Total physical activity peaked at age 5, whereas intensity-specific physical activity levels peaked at age 3 to 8 years (light intensity: 3-4 years; moderate intensity: 4-7 years; vigorous intensity: 7-8 years; moderate to vigorous intensity: 5-8 years). Boys had higher physical activity levels and more favourable trajectories than girls. Sedentary time increased from ages 3 to 9. Changes over time were larger for weekdays than for weekend days and larger for preschool/school hours than for after school hours. The use of a 60-s epoch resulted in larger changes over time than a 1-s epoch. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest physical activity levels peaked between the ages of 3 and 8 years. Finding ways to prevent decline in physical activity during the transition from preschool to primary school is important, especially for girls. Standardising epoch length will help when comparing physical activity and sedentary behaviour across studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Sogndal, Norway
- University of Wollongong, Early Start and School of Health and Society, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Ada Kristine Ofrim Nilsen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Sogndal, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hasanen E, Koivukoski H, Kortelainen L, Vehmas H, Sääkslahti A. Sociodemographic Correlates of Parental Co-Participation in Digital Media Use and Physical Play of Preschool-Age Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115903. [PMID: 34072856 PMCID: PMC8198474 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Young children’s digital media use and physical activity have gained attention in recent research. Parental co-participation has a major impact on children’s health consequences. This study addressed a gap in the research by investigating daily parental co-participation in children’s digital media use and physical play, using the family ecological model theoretical framework. The participants in this nationally representative cross-sectional study were 2512 Finnish parents with two- to six-year-old children. Parents completed a questionnaire. Sociodemographic correlates of co-participation and of the awareness of guidelines regarding co-participation and correlation between co-participation in digital media use and physical play were analysed. Parental co-participation in physical play and digital media use correlated positively. Lower parental age, male parental gender, Finnish and Swedish languages, a fewer number of children, and a male child gender were associated with more co-participation in one or both activities, and parental female gender and low family income were associated with more awareness. The awareness of guidelines was not associated with co-participation in digital media use. There were sociodemographic differences in parental co-participation. From a health counselling perspective, parents may benefit from national recommendations on digital media use and physical activity, but adherence to guidelines depends on the family context.
Collapse
|