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Martin M, Condori AI, Davico B, Gómez Rosso L, Gaete L, Tetzlaff W, Chiappe EL, Sáez MS, Lorenzon González MV, Godoy MF, Osta V, Trifone L, Ballerini MG, Cherñavsky A, Boero L, Tonietti M, Feliu S, Brites F. Impaired Reverse Cholesterol Transport is Associated with Changes in Fatty Acid Profile in Children and Adolescents with Abdominal Obesity. J Nutr 2024; 154:12-25. [PMID: 37716606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor. Plasma fatty acids display a complex network of both pro and antiatherogenic effects. High density lipoproteins (HDL) carry out the antiatherogenic pathway called reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), which involves cellular cholesterol efflux (CCE), and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activities. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to characterize RCT and its relation to fatty acids present in plasma in pediatric abdominal obesity. METHODS Seventeen children and adolescents with abdominal obesity and 17 healthy controls were studied. Anthropometric parameters were registered. Glucose, insulin, lipid levels, CCE employing THP-1 cells, LCAT and CETP activities, plus fatty acids in apo B-depleted plasma were measured. RESULTS The obese group showed a more atherogenic lipid profile, plus lower CCE (Mean±Standard Deviation) (6 ± 2 vs. 7 ± 2%; P < 0.05) and LCAT activity (11 ± 3 vs. 15 ±5 umol/dL.h; P < 0.05). With respect to fatty acids, the obese group showed higher myristic (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 0.7 ± 0.3; P < 0.01) and palmitic acids (21.5 ± 2.8 vs. 19.6 ± 1.9; P < 0.05) in addition to lower linoleic acid (26.4 ± 3.3 vs. 29.9 ± 2.6; P < 0.01). Arachidonic acid correlated with CCE (r = 0.37; P < 0.05), myristic acid with LCAT (r = -0.37; P < 0.05), palmitioleic acid with CCE (r = -0.35; P < 0.05), linoleic acid with CCE (r = 0.37; P < 0.05), lauric acid with LCAT (r = 0.49; P < 0.05), myristic acid with LCAT (r = -0.37; P < 0.05) ecoisatrienoic acid with CCE (r = 0.40; P < 0.05) and lignoseric acid with LCAT (r = -0.5; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with abdominal obesity presented impaired RCT, which was associated with modifications in proinflammatory fatty acids, such as palmitoleic and myristic, thus contributing to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Martin
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Anabel Impa Condori
- Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belén Davico
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Gómez Rosso
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Gaete
- Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Tetzlaff
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Lozano Chiappe
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - María Fernanda Godoy
- Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Osta
- Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Trifone
- Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Ballerini
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Cherñavsky
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Boero
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Tonietti
- Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Feliu
- Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yin X, Li M, Wang Y, Zhao G, Yang T, Zhang Y, Guo J, Meng T, Du R, Li H, Wang Z, Zhang J, He Q. Herbal medicine formula Huazhuo Tiaozhi granule ameliorates dyslipidaemia via regulating histone lactylation and miR-155-5p biogenesis. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:175. [PMID: 37919786 PMCID: PMC10623728 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huazhuo Tiaozhi granule (HTG) is a herbal medicine formula widely used in clinical practice for hypolipidaemic effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying dyslipidaemia treatment have not been well elucidated. RESULTS A significant reduction in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was observed in the serum of patients with dyslipidaemia after HTG treatment, without disruption in the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr). The dyslipidaemia rat model was induced by a high-fat diet and treated with Xuezhikang (0.14 g/kg/d) or HTG (9.33 g crude herb/kg/day) by gavage for 8 weeks. Body weight and liver index were markedly decreased in dyslipidaemic rats after treatment with Xuezhikang or HTG. HTG administration markedly ameliorated hyperlipidaemia by decreasing the levels of TC and LDL-C in serum and hepatic lipid accumulation. In vitro, lipid accumulation in LO2 and HepG2 cells was alleviated by serum treatment with HTG. High lactylation was observed in 198 proteins, including lactylation of histone H2B (K6), H4 (K80). Deep sequencing of microRNAs showed that miR-155-5p was significantly downregulated. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that HTG is an effective and safe formula for treating dyslipidaemia, which promotes lactylation in hepatocytes, and the retardation of miR-155-5p biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Yin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guifang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Ruolin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Qingyong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, China.
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Yang X, Hao J, Luo J, Lu X, Kong X. Adipose tissue‑derived extracellular vesicles: Systemic messengers in health and disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:189. [PMID: 37615193 PMCID: PMC10502927 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a complicated metabolic organ consisting of a heterogeneous population of cells that exert wide‑ranging effects on the regulation of systemic metabolism and in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Various obesity‑related complications are associated with the development of dysfunctional AT. As an essential transmitter of intercellular information, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently been recognized as crucial in regulating multiple physiological functions. AT‑derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) have been shown to facilitate cellular communication both inside and between ATs and other peripheral organs. Here, the role of EVs released from ATs in the homeostasis of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders by delivering lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids between different cells is summarized. Furthermore, the differences in the sources of ADEVs, such as adipocytes, AT macrophages, AT‑derived stem cells, and AT‑derived mesenchymal stem cells, are also discussed. This review may provide valuable information for the potential application of ADEVs in metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310002, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310002, P.R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Jiayue Hao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xinliang Lu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Institute of Immunology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center and Institute of Immunology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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Batabyal RA, Bansal A, Cechinel LR, Authelet K, Goldberg M, Nadler E, Keene CD, Jayadev S, Domoto-Reilly K, Li G, Peskind E, Hashimoto-Torii K, Buchwald D, Freishtat RJ. Adipocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Alzheimer Disease Carry miRNAs Predicted to Target the CREB Signaling Pathway in Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14024. [PMID: 37762325 PMCID: PMC10530811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic dysfunction, and progressive dementia. Midlife obesity increases the risk of developing AD. Adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (ad-sEVs) have been implicated as a mechanism in several obesity-related diseases. We hypothesized that ad-sEVs from patients with AD would contain miRNAs predicted to downregulate pathways involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. We isolated ad-sEVs from the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD and controls and compared miRNA expression profiles. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on differentially expressed miRNAs to identify highly interconnected clusters correlating with clinical traits. The WGCNA identified a module of differentially expressed miRNAs, in both the serum and CSF, that was inversely correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Within this module, miRNAs that downregulate CREB signaling in neurons were highly represented. These results demonstrate that miRNAs carried by ad-sEVs in patients with AD may downregulate CREB signaling and provide a potential mechanistic link between midlife obesity and increased risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A. Batabyal
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA (M.G.); (R.J.F.)
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.N.)
| | - Ankush Bansal
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Laura Reck Cechinel
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA (M.G.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Kayla Authelet
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA (M.G.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Madeleine Goldberg
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA (M.G.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Evan Nadler
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.N.)
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA;
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; (S.J.)
| | - Kimiko Domoto-Reilly
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; (S.J.)
| | - Gail Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.N.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Institute for Research Education to Advance Community Health, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Robert J. Freishtat
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA (M.G.); (R.J.F.)
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.N.)
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Xu F, Xia C, Dou L, Huang X. Knowledge mapping of exosomes in metabolic diseases: a bibliometric analysis (2007-2022). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1176430. [PMID: 37223047 PMCID: PMC10200891 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1176430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research on exosomes in metabolic diseases has been gaining attention, but a comprehensive and objective report on the current state of research is lacking. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of publications on "exosomes in metabolic diseases" to analyze the current status and trends of research using visualization methods. Methods The web of science core collection was searched for publications on exosomes in metabolic diseases from 2007 to 2022. Three software packages, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R package "bibliometrix" were used for the bibliometric analysis. Results A total of 532 papers were analyzed, authored by 29,705 researchers from 46 countries/regions and 923 institutions, published in 310 academic journals. The number of publications related to exosomes in metabolic diseases is gradually increasing. China and the United States were the most productive countries, while Ciber Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red was the most active institution. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences published the most relevant studies, and Plos One received the most citations. Khalyfa, Abdelnaby published the most papers and Thery, C was the most cited. The ten most co-cited references were considered as the knowledge base. After analysis, the most common keywords were microRNAs, biomarkers, insulin resistance, expression, and obesity. Applying basic research related on exosomes in metabolic diseases to clinical diagnosis and treatment is a research hotspot and trend. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive summary of research trends and developments in exosomes in metabolic diseases through bibliometrics. The information points out the research frontiers and hot directions in recent years and will provide a reference for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
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Reiss AB, Ahmed S, Johnson M, Saeedullah U, De Leon J. Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease: From Mechanism to Therapeutic Target. Metabolites 2023; 13:479. [PMID: 37110138 PMCID: PMC10142472 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In recent decades, clinical research has made significant advances, resulting in improved survival and recovery rates for patients with CVD. Despite this progress, there is substantial residual CVD risk and an unmet need for better treatment. The complex and multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of CVD pose a challenge for researchers seeking effective therapeutic interventions. Consequently, exosomes have emerged as a new focus for CVD research because their role as intercellular communicators gives them the potential to act as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic nanocarriers. In the heart and vasculature, cell types such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, cardiac fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, and resident stem cells are involved in cardiac homeostasis via the release of exosomes. Exosomes encapsulate cell-type specific miRNAs, and this miRNA content fluctuates in response to the pathophysiological setting of the heart, indicating that the pathways affected by these differentially expressed miRNAs may be targets for new treatments. This review discusses a number of miRNAs and the evidence that supports their clinical relevance in CVD. The latest technologies in applying exosomal vesicles as cargo delivery vehicles for gene therapy, tissue regeneration, and cell repair are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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Denimal D, Monier S, Bouillet B, Vergès B, Duvillard L. High-Density Lipoprotein Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020253. [PMID: 36837872 PMCID: PMC9967905 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations affecting high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are one of the various abnormalities observed in dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Kinetic studies have demonstrated that the catabolism of HDL particles is accelerated. Both the size and the lipidome and proteome of HDL particles are significantly modified, which likely contributes to some of the functional defects of HDLs. Studies on cholesterol efflux capacity have yielded heterogeneous results, ranging from a defect to an improvement. Several studies indicate that HDLs are less able to inhibit the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) proinflammatory pathway, and subsequently, the adhesion of monocytes on endothelium and their recruitment into the subendothelial space. In addition, the antioxidative function of HDL particles is diminished, thus facilitating the deleterious effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins on vasculature. Lastly, the HDL-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is less effective in T2DM and metabolic syndrome, contributing to several HDL functional defects, such as an impaired capacity to promote vasodilatation and endothelium repair, and difficulty counteracting the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Denimal
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Serge Monier
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- INSERM, UMR1231, University of Burgundy, 21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
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Wang K, Zeng C. Extracellular Vesicles and Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:143-153. [PMID: 37603278 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of vesicles with membrane structure released by cells, including exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and oncosomes. EVs are now recognized as important tools of cell-to-cell communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material to participate in physiological and pathological processes. It has been reported that EVs regulate host-pathogen interactions and participate in pathological processes of infectious disease, neurological diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc., it also plays an important role in the process of growth and development. EVs have a bright future in clinical application. They can be used to monitor clinical status, therapeutic effect, and disease progression. At the same time, EVs have the potential to be developed as clinical drug delivery vectors due to their ability to deliver biomolecules. However, it is still unclear whether EVs are reliable and useful markers for the diagnosis or early detection of obesity, and whether they can be used as drug vectors for the treatment of obesity. In this review, we summarize the research progress of EVs and obesity. It is hoped that EVs may become a new target in the diagnosis and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Fadaei R, Mohassel Azadi S, Rhéaume E, Khazaie H. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and its relation with disease severity. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:116. [PMID: 36344946 PMCID: PMC9639319 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to an accelerated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some key CVD risk factors are present in patients suffering from OSA such as hypertension, inflammation, oxidative stress, and dyslipidemia. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is proposed as a reliable biomarker of HDL function and the present study aimed to quantify this biomarker in patients with OSA. Methods ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), non-ABCA1, and total CEC were determined in 69 polysomnographic-confirmed OSA patients and 23 controls. Moreover, paraoxonase (PON) activities, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) circulating levels were quantified in the studied population. Results: All CEC measures were reduced in the OSA group compared to the control group. Strikingly, ABCA1 CEC was diminished in severe OSA in comparison with mild OSA. Furthermore, PON activities and apo A-I showed lower levels, while hsCRP and apo B were elevated in OSA patients compared to controls. Moreover, ABCA1 CEC showed an inverse association with hsCRP and a positive association with apo A-I, while non-ABCA1 CEC presented an association with HDL-C. Conclusion These results suggest the presence of an impaired HDL function in OSA. In particular, ABCA1 CEC was associated with disease severity and inflammation which could be a factor increasing the risk of CVD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01723-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fadaei
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mohassel Azadi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eric Rhéaume
- grid.482476.b0000 0000 8995 9090Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, H1T 1C8 Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit boulevard, Montreal, H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Cechinel LR, Batabyal RA, Freishtat RJ, Zohn IE. Parental obesity-induced changes in developmental programming. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:918080. [PMID: 36274855 PMCID: PMC9585252 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.918080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies support the link between parental obesity and the predisposition to develop adult-onset metabolic syndromes that include obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes in the offspring. As the prevalence of obesity increases in persons of childbearing age, so does metabolic syndrome in their descendants. Understanding how parental obesity alters metabolic programs in the progeny, predisposing them to adult-onset metabolic syndrome, is key to breaking this cycle. This review explores the basis for altered metabolism of offspring exposed to overnutrition by focusing on critical developmental processes influenced by parental obesity. We draw from human and animal model studies, highlighting the adaptations in metabolism that occur during normal pregnancy that become maladaptive with obesity. We describe essential phases of development impacted by parental obesity that contribute to long-term alterations in metabolism in the offspring. These encompass gamete formation, placentation, adipogenesis, pancreas development, and development of brain appetite control circuits. Parental obesity alters the developmental programming of these organs in part by inducing epigenetic changes with long-term consequences on metabolism. While exposure to parental obesity during any of these phases is sufficient to alter long-term metabolism, offspring often experience multiple exposures throughout their development. These insults accumulate to increase further the susceptibility of the offspring to the obesogenic environments of modern society.
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Cardiovascular Disease-Associated MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers of First-Trimester Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Absence of Other Pregnancy-Related Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810635. [PMID: 36142536 PMCID: PMC9501303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the diagnostic potential of cardiovascular disease-associated microRNAs for the early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in singleton pregnancies of Caucasian descent in the absence of other pregnancy-related complications. Whole peripheral venous blood samples were collected within 10 to 13 weeks of gestation. This retrospective study involved all pregnancies diagnosed with only GDM (n = 121) and 80 normal term pregnancies selected with regard to equality of sample storage time. Gene expression of 29 microRNAs was assessed using real-time RT-PCR. Upregulation of 11 microRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-499a-5p, and miR-574-3p) was observed in pregnancies destinated to develop GDM. Combined screening of all 11 dysregulated microRNAs showed the highest accuracy for the early identification of pregnancies destinated to develop GDM. This screening identified 47.93% of GDM pregnancies at a 10.0% false positive rate (FPR). The predictive model for GDM based on aberrant microRNA expression profile was further improved via the implementation of clinical characteristics (maternal age and BMI at early stages of gestation and an infertility treatment by assisted reproductive technology). Following this, 69.17% of GDM pregnancies were identified at a 10.0% FPR. The effective prediction model specifically for severe GDM requiring administration of therapy involved using a combination of these three clinical characteristics and three microRNA biomarkers (miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, and miR-195-5p). This model identified 78.95% of cases at a 10.0% FPR. The effective prediction model for GDM managed by diet only required the involvement of these three clinical characteristics and eight microRNA biomarkers (miR-1-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-499a-5p, and miR-574-3p). With this, the model identified 50.50% of GDM pregnancies managed by diet only at a 10.0% FPR. When other clinical variables such as history of miscarriage, the presence of trombophilic gene mutations, positive first-trimester screening for preeclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction by the Fetal Medicine Foundation algorithm, and family history of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives were included in the GDM prediction model, the predictive power was further increased at a 10.0% FPR (72.50% GDM in total, 89.47% GDM requiring therapy, and 56.44% GDM managed by diet only). Cardiovascular disease-associated microRNAs represent promising early biomarkers to be implemented into routine first-trimester screening programs with a very good predictive potential for GDM.
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Li T, Wang B, Ding H, Chen S, Cheng W, Li Y, Wu X, Wang L, Jiang Y, Lu Z, Teng Y, Su S, Han X, Zhao M. Effect of Extracellular Vesicles From Multiple Cells on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:857331. [PMID: 35620296 PMCID: PMC9127356 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.857331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS)-related diseases are still the main cause of death in clinical patients. The phenotype switching, proliferation, migration, and secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. Although numerous research studies have elucidated the role of VSMCs in AS, their potential functional regulations continue to be explored. The formation of AS involves various cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Therefore, intercellular communication of blood vessels cannot be ignored due to closely connected endothelia, media, and adventitia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as the vectors of cell-to-cell communication, can deliver proteins and nucleic acids of parent cells to the recipient cells. EVs have emerged as being central in intercellular communication and play a vital role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AS. This review summarizes the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from multiple cells (endothelial cells, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) on VSMCs in AS. The key findings of this review are as follows: 1) endothelial cell–derived EVs (EEVs) have anti- or pro-atherogenic effects on VSMCs; 2) macrophage-derived EVs (MEVs) aggravate the proliferation and migration of VSMCs; 3) mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit VSMCs; and 4) the proliferation and migration of VSMCs can be inhibited by the treatment of EVs with atherosclerosis-protective factors and promoted by noxious stimulants. These results suggested that EVs have the same functional properties as treated parent cells, which might provide vital guidance for treating AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baofu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Teng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Su
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Reiss AB, Teboul I, Kasselman L, Ahmed S, Carsons SE, De Leon J. Methotrexate effects on adenosine receptor expression in peripheral monocytes of persons with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. J Investig Med 2022; 70:1433-1437. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2022-002355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial (CIRT) was designed to assess whether low-dose methotrexate (LD-MTX) would reduce future cardiac events in patients with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who are post-myocardial infarction (MI) or have multivessel disease. Our previous work indicates that MTX confers atheroprotection via adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) activation. In order for A2AR ligation to reduce cardiovascular events, A2AR levels would need to be preserved during MTX treatment. This study was conducted to determine whether LD-MTX alters peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) adenosine receptor expression in persons at risk for cardiovascular events. Post-MI T2DM CIRT patients were randomized to LD-MTX or placebo (n=10/group). PBMC isolated from blood drawn at enrollment and after 6 weeks were evaluated for expression of adenosine receptors and reverse cholesterol transporters by real-time PCR. Fold change between time points was calculated using factorial analyses of variance. Compared with placebo, the LD-MTX group exhibited a trend toward an increase in A2AR (p=0.06), while A3R expression was significantly decreased (p=0.01) after 6 weeks. Cholesterol efflux gene expression did not change significantly. Persistence of A2AR combined with A3R downregulation indicates that failure of MTX to be atheroprotective in CIRT was not due to loss of adenosine receptors on PBMC (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01594333).
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14
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Lazana I, Anagnostopoulos C. A Novel, Cell-Free Therapy to Enter Our Hearts: The Potential Role of Small EVs in Prevention and Treatment of CVD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073662. [PMID: 35409022 PMCID: PMC8998514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease constitutes one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapeutic techniques, such as interventional revascularization, although lifesaving, come along with myocardial injury related to the reperfusion itself, called ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is an added factor for increased morbidity. For that reason, there is an imperative need for novel therapies to be developed that would either prevent or treat myocardial injury. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically small EVs (sEVs), have proven to be important mediators of intercellular communication. The fact that they carry information reflecting that of the parental cell makes them an ideal candidate for diagnostic purposes. sEVs derived from immunoregulatory cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells or cardiac progenitor cells, could also be used therapeutically to exert the primary immunomodulatory function but without carrying the side effects related to cell therapy. Furthermore, as a natural product, they have the added advantage of low immunogenicity, offering the potential for safe drug delivery. In the field of cardiology, there has been great interest in the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of sEVs with significant translational potential. Here, we review the potential use of sEVs in the context of myocardial ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Lazana
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK
- Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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15
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Hasse S, Julien AS, Duchez AC, Zhao C, Boilard E, Fortin PR, Bourgoin SG. Red blood cell-derived phosphatidylserine positive extracellular vesicles are associated with past thrombotic events in patients with systemic erythematous lupus. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:9/1/e000605. [PMID: 35260475 PMCID: PMC8905995 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by blood cells have proinflammation and procoagulant action. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) present high vascular inflammation and are prone to develop cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we postulated that the EV populations found in blood, including platelet EVs (PEVs) and red blood cell EVs (REVs), are associated with SLE disease activity and SLE-associated cardiovascular accidents. Method We assessed autotaxin (ATX) plasma levels by ELISA, the platelet activation markers PAC1 and CD62P, ATX bound to platelets and the amounts of plasma PEVs and REVs by flow cytometry in a cohort of 102 patients with SLE, including 29 incident cases of SLE and 30 controls. Correlation analyses explored the associations with the clinical parameters. Result Platelet activation markers were increased in patients with SLE compared with healthy control, with the marker CD62P associated with the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). The incident cases show additional associations between platelet markers (CD62P/ATX and PAC1/CD62P) and the SLEDAI. Compared with controls, patients with SLE presented higher levels of PEVs, phosphatidylserine positive (PS+) PEVs, REVs and PS+ REVs, but there is no association with disease activity. When stratified according to the plasma level of PS+ REVs, the group of patients with SLE with a high level of PS+ REVs presented a higher number of past thrombosis events and higher ATX levels. Conclusion Incident and prevalent forms of SLE cases present similar levels of platelet activation markers, with CD62P correlating with disease activity. Though EVs are not associated with disease activity, the incidence of past thrombotic events is higher in patients with a high level of PS+ REVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hasse
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Julien
- Département de mathématiques et statistique, Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Claire Duchez
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chenqi Zhao
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Département de Médecine, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain G Bourgoin
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre ARThrite de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
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Cui Y, Zhou Y, Gan N, Xiang Q, Xia M, Liao W, Zheng XL, Peng J, Tang Z. The Role of Extracellular Non-coding RNAs in Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:477-491. [PMID: 35233720 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease that leads to myocardial infarction, stroke, and disabling peripheral artery disease. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) directly participate in various physiological processes and exhibit a wide range of biological functions. The present review discusses how different ncRNAs participate in the process of AS in various carrier forms. We focused on the role and potential mechanisms of extracellular ncRNAs in AS and examined their potential implications for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cui
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ni Gan
- Hengyang Medical School, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Xiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mengdie Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Juan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhihan Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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17
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Xu J, Xu W, Yang X, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Sun Q. LncRNA MIR99AHG mediated by FOXA1 modulates NOTCH2/Notch signaling pathway to accelerate pancreatic cancer through sponging miR-3129-5p and recruiting ELAVL1. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:674. [PMID: 34911544 PMCID: PMC8675481 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PCa) is a fatal malignancy with poor prognosis, high recurrence and mortality. Substantial reports have suggested long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in development of numerous malignant tumors, and PCa is included. However, the correlation between novel lncRNA mir-99a-let-7c cluster host gene (MIR99AHG) and PCa remains elusive and needs to be deeply investigated. Methods In this study, we firstly used RT-qPCR to examine MIR99AHG expression. Functional assays were implemented for determination of the role of MIR99AHG in PCa cells. Mechanism experiments were designed and carried out for exploring the regulatory mechanism involving MIR99AHG. Results MIR99AHG was distinctly overexpressed in PCa cell lines. MIR99AHG deficiency abrogated PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, MIR99AHG up-regulation was induced by transcription factor forkhead box A1 (FOXA1). Furthermore, MIR99AHG modulated notch receptor 2 (NOTCH2) expression and stimulated Notch signaling pathway through sequestering microRNA-3129-5p (miR-3129-5p) and recruiting ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1). Conclusions Altogether, the exploration of FOXA1/MIR99AHG/miR-3129-5p/ELAVL1/NOTCH2 axis in the progression of PCa might provide a meaningful revelation for PCa diagnosis and treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02189-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Weixue Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yiya Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Qinyun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
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18
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Zhou Z, Tao Y, Zhao H, Wang Q. Adipose Extracellular Vesicles: Messengers From and to Macrophages in Regulating Immunometabolic Homeostasis or Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666344. [PMID: 34108967 PMCID: PMC8183682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is comprised of heterogenous cell populations that regulate both energy metabolism and immune reactions. Macrophages play critical roles in regulating immunometabolic homeostasis or disorders through cooperation with adipocytes, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) or other cells in adipose tissue. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recently recognized as efficient messengers for intercellular communication. Emerging evidences have demonstrated that adipose EVs are actively involved in the mutual interactions of macrophages, adipocytes and ADSCs, which produce considerable influences on immunometabolism under healthy or obese conditions. Here, we will elaborate the production and the characteristics of adipose EVs that are related to macrophages under different metabolic demands or stresses, whilst discuss the roles of these EVs in regulating local or systemic immunometabolic homeostasis or disorders in the context of adipocyte-macrophage dialogue and ADSC-macrophage interaction. Particularly, we provide a profile of dynamic adipose microenvironments based on macrophages. Adipose EVs act as the messengers between ADSCs and macrophages to maintain the balance of metabolism and immunity, while drive a vicious cycle between hypertrophic adipocytes and inflammatory macrophages to cause immunometabolic imbalance. This review may provide valuable information about the physio- or pathological roles of adipose EVs and the application of adipose EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Wang G, Chen JJ, Deng WY, Ren K, Yin SH, Yu XH. CTRP12 ameliorates atherosclerosis by promoting cholesterol efflux and inhibiting inflammatory response via the miR-155-5p/LXRα pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:254. [PMID: 33692340 PMCID: PMC7947013 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 12 (CTRP12), a conserved paralog of adiponectin, is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about its role in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of CTRP12 on atherosclerosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that lentivirus-mediated CTRP12 overexpression inhibited lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in lipid-laden macrophages. Mechanistically, CTRP12 decreased miR-155-5p levels and then increased its target gene liver X receptor α (LXRα) expression, which increased ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)- and ABCG1-dependent cholesterol efflux and promoted macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype. Injection of lentiviral vector expressing CTRP12 decreased atherosclerotic lesion area, elevated plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, promoted reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and alleviated inflammatory response in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice fed a Western diet. Similar to the findings of in vitro experiments, CTRP12 overexpression diminished miR-155-5p levels but increased LXRα, ABCA1, and ABCG1 expression in the aortas of apoE-/- mice. Taken together, these results suggest that CTRP12 protects against atherosclerosis by enhancing RCT efficiency and mitigating vascular inflammation via the miR-155-5p/LXRα pathway. Stimulating CTRP12 production could be a novel approach for reducing atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/metabolism
- Adipokines/genetics
- Adipokines/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Liver X Receptors/genetics
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Signal Transduction
- THP-1 Cells
- Up-Regulation
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, Hainan, China
| | - Wen-Yi Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, Hainan, China
| | - Kun Ren
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, Hainan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shan-Hui Yin
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, Hainan, China.
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Le Lay S, Rome S, Loyer X, Nieto L. Adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in health and diseases: Nano-packages with vast biological properties. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:407-419. [PMID: 34124596 PMCID: PMC8171308 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the largest human energy reservoir, adipocytes drive an intense dialog with other cells/organs throughout the body to regulate the size of adipose tissue and to communicate with other metabolic tissues and the brain to regulate energy supply. Adipokines have long been described as mediators of this crosstalk, participating in obesity‐associated complications. Recently, adipocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles (Ad‐EVs) have emerged as new key actors in this communication due to their powerful capacity to convey complex messages between cells. Ad‐EVs convey specific subpopulations of RNA, proteins, and lipids from their parental cells, and can transfer these cargoes into various recipient cells, modulating their metabolism and cell cycle. In healthy individuals, Ad‐EVs actively participate in adipose tissue remodeling to compensate energy supply variations by exchanging information between adipocytes or stroma‐vascular cells, including immune cells. Besides this, recent evidence points out that Ad‐EV secretion and composition from dysfunctional adipocytes are strongly impacted within adipose tissue where they modulate local intercellular communication, contributing to inflammation, fibrosis, abnormal angiogenesis, and at distance with other cells/tissues intrinsically linked to fat (muscle, hepatocytes and even cancer cells). Additionally, some data even suggests that Ad‐EVs might have a systemic action. In this review, we will describe the particular properties of Ad‐EVs and their involvement in health and diseases, with a particular focus on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soazig Le Lay
- Université de Nantes CNRS INSERM, l'institut du thorax Nantes France.,Université Angers SFR ICAT Angers France
| | - Sophie Rome
- CarMeN Laboratory U1060/INSERM INRA/1397 Lyon-Sud Hospital Pierre Benite France.,Institute of Functional Genomic of Lyon (IGFL) ENS CNRS UMR 5242 University of Lyon Lyon France
| | | | - Laurence Nieto
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS) Université de Toulouse CNRS UPS Toulouse France
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21
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Liu Q, Piao H, Wang Y, Zheng D, Wang W. Circulating exosomes in cardiovascular disease: Novel carriers of biological information. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111148. [PMID: 33412387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a group of nanosized extracellular vesicles that include various bioactive nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. They originate from membrane invagination and are released by exocytosis, which can transmit signals to target cells to achieve cell-to-cell communication and maintain homeostasis. The heart is a complex multicellular organ that contains resident cell types such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Communication between different cell types and immune systems is essential for the dynamic equilibrium of the cardiac internal environment. Intercellular communication is a universal phenomenon mediated by exosomes and their contents during several pathological processes in cardiovascular diseases, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, exosomes can be used as novel invasive diagnostic biomarkers in multiple diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, cardiac fibrosis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, the biocompatible nature and low immunogenicity of exosomes make them high-quality nanoparticle drug carriers with potential applications in translational medicine and therapeutic strategies. Here, we focus on the biogenesis, isolation, biological functions, and future application prospects of exosomes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Hulin Piao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Dongdong Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Weitie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
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22
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Wang ZY, Zhao T, Zhou J, Gao F. Elevated serum miR-3129-5p contributes to the progression of coronary heart disease via targeting mTOR. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 37:314-323. [PMID: 33336524 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to explore the miRNA changes that occur in the serum of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and healthy controls using a microarray technique, thereby exploring the potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of CHD and the underlying mechanism. Clinical data were reviewed, and venous blood samples were collected from 66 cases of CHD and 58 cases of healthy controls. MicroRNA-wide expression profiling identified 16 miRNAs that were aberrantly decreased by ~2-fold in the serum of patients with CHD compared to that of healthy controls. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of miR-3129-5p was increased the most in patients with CHD compared with that of controls. Moreover, serum miR-3129-5p was found to be highest in the severe stenosis group, followed by the moderate stenosis group and mild stenosis group. ROC analysis showed that serum miR-3129-5p could differentiate patients with CHD from controls. Further study showed that mTOR was a target gene of miR-3129-5p. Western blot assays demonstrated that miR-3129-5p significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of S6 but increased LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 levels. Consistently, GFP-LC3 and TEM assays indicated that miR-3129 increased autophagy puncta in H9C2 cells. More importantly, silencing mTOR significantly decreased the expression of p-S6 but increased LC3II/LC3I and Beclin expression even in H9C2 cells transfected with miR-3129-5p inhibitor, indicating that miR-3129-5p-induced cell autophagy was mediated via mTOR in H9C2 cells. In summary, elevated serum miR-3129-5p contributes to CHD by targeting mTOR signaling and may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Weanpon Industry 521 Hospital, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Weanpon Industry 521 Hospital, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by lipid retention and inflammation in the artery wall. The retention and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in sub-endothelial space play a critical role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and destabilization. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and other modified LDL particles are avidly taken up by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages mainly through several scavenger receptors, including CD36 which is a class B scavenger receptor and membrane glycoprotein. RECENT FINDINGS Animal studies performed on CD36-deficient mice suggest that deficiency of CD36 prevents the development of atherosclerosis, though with some debate. CD36 serves as a signaling hub protein at the crossroad of inflammation, lipid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, the level of soluble CD36 (unattached to cells) in the circulating blood was elevated in patients with atherosclerosis and other metabolic disorders. We performed a state-of-the-art review on the structure, ligands, functions, and regulation of CD36 in the context of atherosclerosis by focusing on the pathological role of CD36 in the dysfunction of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, and platelets. Finally, we highlight therapeutic possibilities to target CD36 expression/activity in atherosclerosis.
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Fu S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Luo L, Zhao Y, Yao Y. Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:68. [PMID: 32821437 PMCID: PMC7393487 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the continued high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, there is still a need to develop new strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Proper cardiovascular function depends on the coordinated interplay and communication between cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are enclosed in a lipid bilayer and represent a significant mechanism for intracellular communication. By containing and transporting various bioactive molecules, such as micro-ribonucleic acids (miRs) and proteins, to target cells, EVs impart favourable, neutral or detrimental effects on recipient cells, such as modulating gene expression, influencing cell phenotype, affecting molecular pathways and mediating biological behaviours. EVs can be released by cardiovascular system-related cells, such as cardiomyocytes, endotheliocytes, fibroblasts, platelets, smooth muscle cells, leucocytes, monocytes and macrophages. EVs containing miRs and proteins regulate a multitude of diverse functions in target cells, maintaining cardiovascular balance and health or inducing pathological changes in CVDs. On the one hand, miRs and proteins transferred by EVs play biological roles in maintaining normal cardiac structure and function under physiological conditions. On the other hand, EVs change the composition of their miR and protein cargoes under pathological conditions, which gives rise to the development of CVDs. Therefore, EVs hold tremendous potential to prevent, diagnose and treat CVDs. The current article reviews the specific functions of EVs in different CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Fu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, 572013 China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Leiming Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, 572013 China
| | - Yao Yao
- Centre for the Study of Ageing and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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Substantially Altered Expression Profile of Diabetes/Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Disease Associated microRNAs in Children Descending from Pregnancy Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-One of Several Possible Reasons for an Increased Cardiovascular Risk. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061557. [PMID: 32604801 PMCID: PMC7349356 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the major pregnancy-related complications, characterized as a transitory form of diabetes induced by insulin resistance accompanied by a low/absent pancreatic beta-cell compensatory adaptation to the increased insulin demand, causes the acute, long-term, and transgenerational health complications. The aim of the study was to assess if alterations in gene expression of microRNAs associated with diabetes/cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases are present in whole peripheral blood of children aged 3-11 years descending from GDM complicated pregnancies. A substantially altered microRNA expression profile was found in children descending from GDM complicated pregnancies. Almost all microRNAs with the exception of miR-92a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-210-3p were upregulated. The microRNA expression profile also differed between children after normal and GDM complicated pregnancies in relation to the presence of overweight/obesity, prehypertension/hypertension, and/or valve problems and heart defects. Always, screening based on the combination of microRNAs was superior over using individual microRNAs, since at 10.0% false positive rate it was able to identify a large proportion of children with an aberrant microRNA expression profile (88.14% regardless of clinical findings, 75.41% with normal clinical findings, and 96.49% with abnormal clinical findings). In addition, the higher incidence of valve problems and heart defects was found in children with a prior exposure to GDM. The extensive file of predicted targets of all microRNAs aberrantly expressed in children descending from GDM complicated pregnancies indicates that a large group of these genes is involved in ontologies of diabetes/cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. In general, children with a prior exposure to GDM are at higher risk of later development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases, and would benefit from dispensarisation as well as implementation of primary prevention strategies.
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Patil M, Henderson J, Luong H, Annamalai D, Sreejit G, Krishnamurthy P. The Art of Intercellular Wireless Communications: Exosomes in Heart Disease and Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:315. [PMID: 31850349 PMCID: PMC6902075 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-bound extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells in the body that facilitates intercellular communication. Exosomes carry several signaling biomolecules, including miRNA, proteins, enzymes, cell surface receptors, growth factors, cytokines and lipids that can modulate target cell biology and function. Due to these capabilities, exosomes have emerged as novel intercellular signaling mediators in both homeostasis and pathophysiological conditions. Recent studies document that exosomes (both circulating or released from heart tissue) have been actively involved in cardiac remodeling in response to stressors. Also, exosomes released from progenitor/stem cells have protective effects in heart diseases and shown to have regenerative potential in the heart. In this review we discuss- the critical role played by circulating exosomes released from various tissues and from cells within the heart in cardiac health; the gap in knowledge that needs to be addressed to promote future research; and exploitation of recent advances in exosome engineering to develop novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John Henderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hien Luong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Divya Annamalai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gopalkrishna Sreejit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Anti-ApoA-1 IgGs in Familial Hypercholesterolemia Display Paradoxical Associations with Lipid Profile and Promote Foam Cell Formation. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122035. [PMID: 31766415 PMCID: PMC6947407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Anti-Apolipoprotein A-1 autoantibodies (anti-ApoA-1 IgG) promote atherogenesis via innate immune receptors, and may impair cellular cholesterol homeostasis (CH). We explored the presence of anti-ApoA-1 IgG in children (5-15 years old) with or without familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), analyzing their association with lipid profiles, and studied their in vitro effects on foam cell formation, gene regulation, and their functional impact on cholesterol passive diffusion (PD). METHODS Anti-ApoA-1 IgG and lipid profiles were measured on 29 FH and 25 healthy children. The impact of anti-ApoA-1 IgG on key CH regulators (SREBP2, HMGCR, LDL-R, ABCA1, and miR-33a) and foam cell formation detected by Oil Red O staining were assessed using human monocyte-derived macrophages. PD experiments were performed using a validated THP-1 macrophage model. RESULTS Prevalence of high anti-ApoA-1 IgG levels (seropositivity) was about 38% in both study groups. FH children seropositive for anti-ApoA-1 IgG had significant lower total cholesterol LDL and miR-33a levels than those who were seronegative. On macrophages, anti-ApoA-1 IgG induced foam cell formation in a toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4-dependent manner, accompanied by NF-kB- and AP1-dependent increases of SREBP-2, LDL-R, and HMGCR. Despite increased ABCA1 and decreased mature miR-33a expression, the increased ACAT activity decreased membrane free cholesterol, functionally culminating to PD inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Anti-ApoA-1 IgG seropositivity is frequent in children, unrelated to FH, and paradoxically associated with a favorable lipid profile. In vitro, anti-ApoA-1 IgG induced foam cell formation through a complex interplay between innate immune receptors and key cholesterol homeostasis regulators, functionally impairing the PD cholesterol efflux capacity of macrophages.
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28
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Peng M, Liu X, Xu G. Extracellular Vesicles as Messengers in Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019; 13:121-130. [PMID: 31664614 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases. Most cells involved in atherosclerosis can shed extracellular vesicles (EVs). Both atherogenic factors, such as hypoxia and oxidative stress, and atheroprotective factors, such as laminar blood flow, can influence the production of EV shedding. EVs can carry protein, DNA, mRNA, and noncoding RNA and act as mediators or messengers for cell-to-cell communications. EVs have been proven to promote or inhibit atherogenesis under particular circumstances. Therefore, EVs might be targeted for preventing or treating atherosclerotic diseases. The level of circulating EVs has been associated with the presence, progressiveness, or severity of atherosclerosis. Therefore, EVs may be utilized as indexes for diagnosing and grading atherosclerosis. Here, we reviewed the progress concerning the involvements of EVs in atherogenesis and atheroprotection. We also discussed the potential applications of EVs in managing atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Peng
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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29
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Exosomes in ischemic heart disease: novel carriers for bioinformation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109451. [PMID: 31586900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of ischemic heart disease(IHD) is a multi-step chain process from potential risk factors to overt clinical diseases. Vascular cells, blood cells, cardiomyocytes and stem cells are all involved in the pathophysiological links via continual and polynary crosstalk. Exosomes,as powerful vectors for intercellular communication,have been a hotspot for basic and clinical research. Plenty of evidence has shown that exosomes largely participate in the evolution of IHD, including endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, atheromatous plaque formation and rupture, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury,and heart failure (HF), while the rules for detailed communication in the different stages of this continuous disease are still poorly understood. This review will systematically describe characteristics of exosomal crosstalk between different cells in the diverse periods, and also cast light on the potential and challenges for exosome application as therapeutic targets, hoping to offer supporting background for the following research.
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