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Martínez-Fernández J, Almengló C, Babarro B, Iglesias-Rey R, García-Caballero T, Fernández ÁL, Souto-Bayarri M, González-Juanatey JR, Álvarez E. Edoxaban treatment in a post-infarction experimental model. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176216. [PMID: 38040081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sequelae of myocardial infarction (MI) require specific pharmacological therapy to minimise the post-MI remodelling, which in many cases evolves into cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of edoxaban, an oral anticoagulant, on cardiac recovery in a rat model of permanent coronary artery ligation. METHODS An experimental method to assess the post-MI remodelling in rats for 4 weeks, based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and final histological analysis of the hearts was performed. The influence of daily oral treatment with edoxaban (20 mg/kg/day) for 28 days post-MI was analysed in comparison to vehicle. RESULTS In our model, edoxaban was shown to be safe and bleeding was observed in 1 of 10 animals. General physical recovery of the treated animals was shown by higher body weight recovery compared with non-treated animals (38.6 ± 2.9 vs. 29.9 ± 3.1 g, respectively, after 28 days). There was not a pronounced effect of edoxaban in post-MI cardiac remodelling, but mitigated fibrosis was observed by the reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and tumour growth factor β1 in the peri-infarct zone. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis provided the experimental basis to support the feasibility of MRI to study cardiac function and characterise myocardial scarring in a rat model. Overall data suggested the safety of edoxaban in the model, and compared to placebo, it showed a better post-MI recovery, probably by reducing fibrosis of the heart. Further research on mid-term cardiac recovery with edoxaban after MI is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Fernández
- Servicio de Radiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS). SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Cristina Almengló
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS). SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Borja Babarro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS). SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS). SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela and University Clinical Hospital, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel L Fernández
- Heart Surgery Department, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Souto-Bayarri
- Servicio de Radiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS). SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - José R González-Juanatey
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS). SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, A Coruña, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología y Unidad de Hemodinámica. Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS). SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS). SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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Ku MC, Kober F, Lai YC, Pohlmann A, Qadri F, Bader M, Carrier L, Niendorf T. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance detects microvascular dysfunction in a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23:63. [PMID: 34053450 PMCID: PMC8166121 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) related myocardial vascular remodelling may lead to the reduction of myocardial blood supply and a subsequent progressive loss of cardiac function. This process has been difficult to observe and thus their connection remains unclear. Here we used non-invasive myocardial blood flow sensitive CMR to show an impairment of resting myocardial perfusion in a mouse model of naturally occurring HCM. METHODS We used a mouse model (DBA/2 J; D2 mouse strain) that spontaneously carries variants in the two most susceptible HCM genes-Mybpc3 and Myh7 and bears the key features of human HCM. The C57BL/6 J (B6) was used as a reference strain. Mice with either B6 or D2 backgrounds (male: n = 4, female: n = 4) underwent cine-CMR for functional assessment at 9.4 T. Left ventricular (LV) wall thickness was measured in end diastolic phase by cine-CMR. Quantitative myocardial perfusion maps (male: n = 5, female: n = 5 in each group) were acquired from arterial spin labelling (cine ASL-CMR) at rest. Myocardial perfusion values were measured by delineating different regions of interest based on the LV segmentation model in the mid ventricle of the LV myocardium. Directly after the CMR, the mouse hearts were removed for histological assessments to confirm the incidence of myocardial interstitial fibrosis (n = 8 in each group) and small vessel remodelling such as vessel density (n = 6 in each group) and perivascular fibrosis (n = 8 in each group). RESULTS LV hypertrophy was more pronounced in D2 than in B6 mice (male: D2 LV wall thickness = 1.3 ± 0.1 mm vs B6 LV wall thickness = 1.0 ± 0.0 mm, p < 0.001; female: D2 LV wall thickness = 1.0 ± 0.1 mm vs B6 LV wall thickness = 0.8 ± 0.1 mm, p < 0.01). The resting global myocardial perfusion (myocardial blood flow; MBF) was lower in D2 than in B6 mice (end-diastole: D2 MBFglobal = 7.5 ± 0.6 vs B6 MBFglobal = 9.3 ± 1.6 ml/g/min, p < 0.05; end-systole: D2 MBFglobal = 6.6 ± 0.8 vs B6 MBFglobal = 8.2 ± 2.6 ml/g/min, p < 0.01). This myocardial microvascular dysfunction was observed and associated with a reduction in regional MBF, mainly in the interventricular septal and inferior areas of the myocardium. Immunofluorescence revealed a lower number of vessel densities in D2 than in B6 (D2 capillary = 31.0 ± 3.8% vs B6 capillary = 40.7 ± 4.6%, p < 0.05). Myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was significantly higher in D2 LV versus B6 LV mice (D2 CVF = 3.7 ± 1.4% vs B6 CVF = 1.7 ± 0.7%, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a higher ratio of perivascular fibrosis (PFR) was found in D2 than in B6 mice (D2 PFR = 2.3 ± 1.0%, B6 PFR = 0.8 ± 0.4%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our work describes an imaging marker using cine ASL-CMR with a potential to monitor vascular and myocardial remodelling in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Kober
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Yi-Ching Lai
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), A Joint Cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Emrich T, Halfmann M, Schoepf UJ, Kreitner KF. CMR for myocardial characterization in ischemic heart disease: state-of-the-art and future developments. Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:14. [PMID: 33763757 PMCID: PMC7990980 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease and its sequelae are one of the major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the last decades, technological developments have strengthened the role of noninvasive imaging for detection, risk stratification, and management of patients with ischemic heart disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging incorporates both functional and morphological characterization of the heart to determine presence, acuteness, and severity of ischemic heart disease by evaluating myocardial wall motion and function, the presence and extent of myocardial edema, ischemia, and scarring. Currently established clinical protocols have already demonstrated their diagnostic and prognostic value. Nevertheless, there are emerging imaging technologies that provide additional information based on advanced quantification of imaging biomarkers and improved diagnostic accuracy, therefore potentially allowing reduction or avoidance of contrast and/or stressor agents. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of the art of CMR imaging for ischemic heart disease and to provide insights into promising future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Emrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Mainz; Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Moritz Halfmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Mainz; Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - U Joseph Schoepf
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Karl-Friedrich Kreitner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Mainz; Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Cobo AA, Margallo FMS, Díaz CB, Blázquez VB, Bueno IG, Crisóstomo V. Anesthesia Protocols used to Create Ischemia Reperfusion Myocardial Infarcts in Swine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020; 59:478-487. [PMID: 32709259 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The porcine ischemia-reperfusion model is one of the most commonly used for cardiology research and for testing interventions for myocardial regeneration. In creating ischemic reperfusion injury, the anesthetic protocol is important for assuring hemodynamic stability of the animal during the induction of the experimental lesion and may affect its postoperative survival. This paper reviews the many drugs and anesthetic protocols used in recent studies involving porcine models of ischemiareperfusion injury. The paper also summarizes the most important characteristics of some commonly used anesthetic drugs. Literature was selected for inclusion in this review if the authors described the anesthetic protocol used and also reported the mortality rate attributed to the creation of the model. This information is an important consideration because the anesthetic protocol can influence hemodynamic stability during the experimental induction of an acute myocardial infarction, thereby impacting the survival rate and affecting the number of animals needed for each study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Abad Cobo
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain;,
| | | | - Claudia Báez Díaz
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Verónica Crisóstomo
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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Manning WJ. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: 2017/2018 in review. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2019; 21:79. [PMID: 31884956 PMCID: PMC6936125 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-019-0594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There were 89 articles published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) in 2017, including 76 original research papers, 4 reviews, 5 technical notes, 1 guideline, and 3 corrections. The volume was down slightly from 2017 with a corresponding 15% decrease in manuscript submissions from 405 to 346 and thus reflects a slight increase in the acceptance rate from 25 to 26%. The decrease in submissions for the year followed the initiation of the increased author processing charge (APC) for Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) members for manuscripts submitted after June 30, 2018. The quality of the submissions continues to be high. The 2018 JCMR Impact Factor (which is published in June 2019) was slightly lower at 5.1 (vs. 5.46 for 2017; as published in June 2018. The 2018 impact factor means that on average, each JCMR published in 2016 and 2017 was cited 5.1 times in 2018. Our 5 year impact factor was 5.82.In accordance with Open-Access publishing guidelines of BMC, the JCMR articles are published on-line in a continuus fashion in the chronologic order of acceptance, with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, over the years, the Editors have felt that it is useful for the JCMR audience to annually summarize the publications into broad areas of interest or themes, so that readers can view areas of interest in a single article in relation to each other and contemporaneous JCMR publications. In this publication, the manuscripts are presented in broad themes and set in context with related literature and previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought within the journal. In addition, as in the past two years, I have used this publication to also convey information regarding the editorial process and as a "State of our JCMR."This is the 12th year of JCMR as an open-access publication with BMC (formerly known as Biomed Central). The timing of the JCMR transition to the open access platform was "ahead of the curve" and a tribute to the vision of Dr. Matthias Friedrich, the SCMR Publications Committee Chair and Dr. Dudley Pennell, the JCMR editor-in-chief at the time. The open-access system has dramatically increased the reading and citation of JCMR publications and I hope that you, our authors, will continue to send your very best, high quality manuscripts to JCMR for consideration. It takes a village to run a journal and I thank our very dedicated Associate Editors, Guest Editors, Reviewers for their efforts to ensure that the review process occurs in a timely and responsible manner. These efforts have allowed the JCMR to continue as the premier journal of our field. This entire process would also not be possible without the dedication and efforts of our managing editor, Diana Gethers. Finally, I thank you for entrusting me with the editorship of the JCMR as I begin my 4th year as your editor-in-chief. It has been a tremendous experience for me and the opportunity to review manuscripts that reflect the best in our field remains a great joy and highlight of my week!
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J Manning
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Van Houten M, Yang Y, Hauser A, Glover DK, Gan LM, Yeager M, Salerno M. Adenosine stress CMR perfusion imaging of the temporal evolution of perfusion defects in a porcine model of progressive obstructive coronary artery occlusion. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4136. [PMID: 31373732 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine stress CMR perfusion imaging can quantify absolute perfusion and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) in coronary artery disease (CAD) with higher spatial resolution than positron emission tomography, the only clinically available technique for quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging. While porcine models of CAD are excellent for studying perfusion abnormalities in chronic CAD, to date there are a limited number of studies that use quantitative perfusion for evaluation. Therefore, we developed an adenosine stress CMR protocol to evaluate the temporal evolution of perfusion defects in a porcine model of progressive obstructive CAD. 10 Yucatan minipigs underwent placement of an ameroid occluder around the left circumflex artery (LCX) to induce a progressive chronic coronary obstruction. Four animals underwent a hemodynamic dose range experiment to determine the adenosine dose inducing maximal hyperemia. Each animal had a CMR examination, including stress/rest spiral quantitative perfusion imaging at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 weeks. Late gadolinium enhancement images determined the presence of myocardial infarction, if any existed. Pixelwise quantitative perfusion maps were generated using Fermi deconvolution. The results were statistically analyzed with a repeated mixed measures model to block for physiological variation between the animals. Five animals developed myocardial infarction by 3 weeks, while three developed ischemia without an infarction. The perfusion defects were located in the inferolateral myocardium in the perfusion territory of the LCX. Stress perfusion values were higher in remote segments than both the infarcted and ischemic segments (p < 0.01). MPR values were significantly greater in the remote segments than infarcted and ischemic segments (p < 0.01). While the MPR decreased in all segments, the MPR recovered by the sixth week in the remote regions. We developed a model of progressive CAD and evaluated the temporal evolution of the development of quantitative perfusion defects. This model will serve as a platform for understanding the development of perfusion abnormalities in chronic occlusive CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van Houten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - A Hauser
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - D K Glover
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - L-M Gan
- Early Clinical Development, CVRM IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Yeager
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - M Salerno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, USA
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Li X, Mikrani R, Li C, Naveed M, Liu Z, Abbas M, Cheng Y, Han L, Wang Z, Zhou X. An epicardial delivery of nitroglycerine by active hydraulic ventricular support drug delivery system improves cardiac function in a rat model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 10:23-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Molecular Imaging to Monitor Left Ventricular Remodeling in Heart Failure. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-019-9487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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