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Li X, Huang Y, Malagi A, Yang CC, Yoosefian G, Huang LT, Tang E, Gao C, Han F, Bi X, Ku MC, Yang HJ, Han H. Reliable Off-Resonance Correction in High-Field Cardiac MRI Using Autonomous Cardiac B 0 Segmentation with Dual-Modality Deep Neural Networks. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:210. [PMID: 38534485 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
B0 field inhomogeneity is a long-lasting issue for Cardiac MRI (CMR) in high-field (3T and above) scanners. The inhomogeneous B0 fields can lead to corrupted image quality, prolonged scan time, and false diagnosis. B0 shimming is the most straightforward way to improve the B0 homogeneity. However, today's standard cardiac shimming protocol requires manual selection of a shim volume, which often falsely includes regions with large B0 deviation (e.g., liver, fat, and chest wall). The flawed shim field compromises the reliability of high-field CMR protocols, which significantly reduces the scan efficiency and hinders its wider clinical adoption. This study aims to develop a dual-channel deep learning model that can reliably contour the cardiac region for B0 shim without human interaction and under variable imaging protocols. By utilizing both the magnitude and phase information, the model achieved a high segmentation accuracy in the B0 field maps compared to the conventional single-channel methods (Dice score: 2D-mag = 0.866, 3D-mag = 0.907, and 3D-mag-phase = 0.938, all p < 0.05). Furthermore, it shows better generalizability against the common variations in MRI imaging parameters and enables significantly improved B0 shim compared to the standard method (SD(B0Shim): Proposed = 15 ± 11% vs. Standard = 6 ± 12%, p < 0.05). The proposed autonomous model can boost the reliability of cardiac shimming at 3T and serve as the foundation for more reliable and efficient high-field CMR imaging in clinical routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Li
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuheng Huang
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Archana Malagi
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chia-Chi Yang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ghazal Yoosefian
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Li-Ting Huang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Eric Tang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chang Gao
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Fei Han
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xiaoming Bi
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hsin-Jung Yang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Ku MC, Kober F, Lai YC, Pohlmann A, Qadri F, Bader M, Carrier L, Niendorf T. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance detects microvascular dysfunction in a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23:63. [PMID: 34053450 PMCID: PMC8166121 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) related myocardial vascular remodelling may lead to the reduction of myocardial blood supply and a subsequent progressive loss of cardiac function. This process has been difficult to observe and thus their connection remains unclear. Here we used non-invasive myocardial blood flow sensitive CMR to show an impairment of resting myocardial perfusion in a mouse model of naturally occurring HCM. METHODS We used a mouse model (DBA/2 J; D2 mouse strain) that spontaneously carries variants in the two most susceptible HCM genes-Mybpc3 and Myh7 and bears the key features of human HCM. The C57BL/6 J (B6) was used as a reference strain. Mice with either B6 or D2 backgrounds (male: n = 4, female: n = 4) underwent cine-CMR for functional assessment at 9.4 T. Left ventricular (LV) wall thickness was measured in end diastolic phase by cine-CMR. Quantitative myocardial perfusion maps (male: n = 5, female: n = 5 in each group) were acquired from arterial spin labelling (cine ASL-CMR) at rest. Myocardial perfusion values were measured by delineating different regions of interest based on the LV segmentation model in the mid ventricle of the LV myocardium. Directly after the CMR, the mouse hearts were removed for histological assessments to confirm the incidence of myocardial interstitial fibrosis (n = 8 in each group) and small vessel remodelling such as vessel density (n = 6 in each group) and perivascular fibrosis (n = 8 in each group). RESULTS LV hypertrophy was more pronounced in D2 than in B6 mice (male: D2 LV wall thickness = 1.3 ± 0.1 mm vs B6 LV wall thickness = 1.0 ± 0.0 mm, p < 0.001; female: D2 LV wall thickness = 1.0 ± 0.1 mm vs B6 LV wall thickness = 0.8 ± 0.1 mm, p < 0.01). The resting global myocardial perfusion (myocardial blood flow; MBF) was lower in D2 than in B6 mice (end-diastole: D2 MBFglobal = 7.5 ± 0.6 vs B6 MBFglobal = 9.3 ± 1.6 ml/g/min, p < 0.05; end-systole: D2 MBFglobal = 6.6 ± 0.8 vs B6 MBFglobal = 8.2 ± 2.6 ml/g/min, p < 0.01). This myocardial microvascular dysfunction was observed and associated with a reduction in regional MBF, mainly in the interventricular septal and inferior areas of the myocardium. Immunofluorescence revealed a lower number of vessel densities in D2 than in B6 (D2 capillary = 31.0 ± 3.8% vs B6 capillary = 40.7 ± 4.6%, p < 0.05). Myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was significantly higher in D2 LV versus B6 LV mice (D2 CVF = 3.7 ± 1.4% vs B6 CVF = 1.7 ± 0.7%, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a higher ratio of perivascular fibrosis (PFR) was found in D2 than in B6 mice (D2 PFR = 2.3 ± 1.0%, B6 PFR = 0.8 ± 0.4%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our work describes an imaging marker using cine ASL-CMR with a potential to monitor vascular and myocardial remodelling in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Kober
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Yi-Ching Lai
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), A Joint Cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Chuang KH, Kober F, Ku MC. Quantitative Analysis of Renal Perfusion by Arterial Spin Labeling. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2216:655-666. [PMID: 33476029 PMCID: PMC9703271 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The signal intensity differences measured by an arterial-spin-labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiment are proportional to the local perfusion, which can be quantified with kinetic modeling. Here we present a step-by-step tutorial for the data post-processing needed to calculate an ASL perfusion map. The process of developing an analysis software is described with the essential program code, which involves nonlinear fitting a tracer kinetic model to the ASL data. Key parameters for the quantification are the arterial transit time (ATT), which is the time the labeled blood takes to flow from the labeling area to the tissue, and the tissue T1. As ATT varies with vasculature, physiology, anesthesia and pathology, it is recommended to measure it using multiple delay times. The tutorial explains how to analyze ASL data with multiple delay times and a T1 map for quantification.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This analysis protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and experimental procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hsiang Chuang
- Queensland Brain Institute and Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7339, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Marseille, France.
| | - Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
The kidney is a complex organ involved in the excretion of metabolic products as well as the regulation of body fluids, osmolarity, and homeostatic status. These functions are influenced in large part by alterations in the regional distribution of blood flow between the renal cortex and medulla. Renal perfusion is therefore a key determinant of glomerular filtration. Therefore the quantification of regional renal perfusion could provide important insights into renal function and renal (patho)physiology. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) based perfusion MRI techniques, can offer a noninvasive and reproducible way of measuring renal perfusion in animal models. This chapter addresses the basic concept of ASL-MRI.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Marseille, France
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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Sielska M, Przanowski P, Pasierbińska M, Wojnicki K, Poleszak K, Wojtas B, Grzeganek D, Ellert-Miklaszewska A, Ku MC, Kettenmann H, Kaminska B. Tumour-derived CSF2/granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor controls myeloid cell accumulation and progression of gliomas. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:438-448. [PMID: 32390004 PMCID: PMC7403321 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant tumours release factors, which attract myeloid cells and induce their polarisation to pro-invasive, immunosuppressive phenotypes. Brain-resident microglia and peripheral macrophages accumulate in the tumour microenvironment of glioblastoma (GBM) and induce immunosuppression fostering tumour progression. Macrophage colony stimulating factors (CSFs) control the recruitment of myeloid cells during peripheral cancer progression, but it is disputable, which CSFs drive their accumulation in gliomas. METHODS The expression of CSF2 (encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor) was determined in TCGA datasets and five human glioma cell lines. Effects of stable CSF2 knockdown in glioma cells or neutralising CSF2 or receptor CSF2Rα antibodies on glioma invasion were tested in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS CSF2 knockdown or blockade of its signalling reduced microglia-dependent glioma invasion in microglia-glioma co-cultures. CSF2-deficient human glioma cells encapsulated in cell-impermeable hollow fibres and transplanted to mouse brains, failed to attract microglia, but stimulated astrocyte recruitment. CSF2-depleted gliomas were smaller, attracted less microglia and macrophages, and provided survival benefit in tumour-bearing mice. Apoptotic microglia/macrophages were detected in CSF2-depleted tumours. CONCLUSIONS CSF2 is overexpressed in a subset of mesenchymal GBMs in association with high immune gene expression. Tumour-derived CSF2 attracts, supports survival and induces pro-tumorigenic polarisation of microglia and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Sielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Przanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Pasierbińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Poleszak
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wojtas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Grzeganek
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Min-Chi Ku
- Max Delbruck Center, Molecular Neurosciences, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | | | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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Ji Y, Winter L, Navarro L, Ku MC, Periquito JS, Pham M, Hoffmann W, Theune LE, Calderón M, Niendorf T. Controlled Release of Therapeutics from Thermoresponsive Nanogels: A Thermal Magnetic Resonance Feasibility Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061380. [PMID: 32471299 PMCID: PMC7352924 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal magnetic resonance (ThermalMR) accommodates radio frequency (RF)-induced temperature modulation, thermometry, anatomic and functional imaging, and (nano)molecular probing in an integrated RF applicator. This study examines the feasibility of ThermalMR for the controlled release of a model therapeutics from thermoresponsive nanogels using a 7.0-tesla whole-body MR scanner en route to local drug-delivery-based anticancer treatments. The capacity of ThermalMR is demonstrated in a model system involving the release of fluorescein-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA-FITC, a model therapeutic) from nanometer-scale polymeric networks. These networks contain thermoresponsive polymers that bestow environmental responsiveness to physiologically relevant changes in temperature. The release profile obtained for the reference data derived from a water bath setup used for temperature stimulation is in accordance with the release kinetics deduced from the ThermalMR setup. In conclusion, ThermalMR adds a thermal intervention dimension to an MRI device and provides an ideal testbed for the study of the temperature-induced release of drugs, magnetic resonance (MR) probes, and other agents from thermoresponsive carriers. Integrating diagnostic imaging, temperature intervention, and temperature response control, ThermalMR is conceptually appealing for the study of the role of temperature in biology and disease and for the pursuit of personalized therapeutic drug delivery approaches for better patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Ji
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (Y.J.); (M.-C.K.); (J.S.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Lukas Winter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), 10587 Berlin, Germany; (L.W.); (W.H.)
| | - Lucila Navarro
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (L.N.); (L.E.T.); (M.C.)
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (Y.J.); (M.-C.K.); (J.S.P.); (M.P.)
| | - João S. Periquito
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (Y.J.); (M.-C.K.); (J.S.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Michal Pham
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (Y.J.); (M.-C.K.); (J.S.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Werner Hoffmann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), 10587 Berlin, Germany; (L.W.); (W.H.)
| | - Loryn E. Theune
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (L.N.); (L.E.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (L.N.); (L.E.T.); (M.C.)
- POLYMAT and Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (Y.J.); (M.-C.K.); (J.S.P.); (M.P.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-9406-4505
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Huelnhagen T, Ku MC, Reimann HM, Serradas Duarte T, Pohlmann A, Flemming B, Seeliger E, Eichhorn C, A Ferrari V, Prothmann M, Schulz-Menger J, Niendorf T. Myocardial Effective Transverse Relaxation Time T 2* is Elevated in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A 7.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3974. [PMID: 29507338 PMCID: PMC5838254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic disease of the myocardium and bares the risk of progression to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. Identifying patients at risk remains an unmet need. Recognizing the dependence of microscopic susceptibility on tissue microstructure and on cardiac macromorphology we hypothesized that myocardial T2* might be altered in HCM patients compared to healthy controls. To test this hypothesis, myocardial T2*-mapping was conducted at 7.0 Tesla to enhance T2*-contrast. 2D CINE T2*-mapping was performed in healthy controls and HCM patients. To ensure that T2* is not dominated by macroscopic magnetic field inhomogeneities, volume selective B0 shimming was applied. T2* changes in the interventricular septum across the cardiac cycle were analyzed together with left ventricular radius and ventricular septal wall thickness. The results show that myocardial T2* is elevated throughout the cardiac cycle in HCM patients compared to healthy controls. A mean septal T2* = 13.7 ± 1.1 ms (end-systole: T2*,systole = 15.0 ± 2.1, end-diastole: T2*,diastole = 13.4 ± 1.3 ms, T2*,systole/T2*,diastole ratio = 1.12) was observed in healthy controls. For HCM patients a mean septal T2* = 17.4 ± 1.4 ms (end-systole: T2*,systole = 17.7 ± 1.2 ms, end-diastole: T2*,diastole = 16.2 ± 2.5 ms, T2*,systole/T2*,diastole ratio = 1.09) was found. Our preliminary results provide encouragement that assessment of T2* and its changes across the cardiac cycle may benefit myocardial tissue characterization in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Huelnhagen
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Matthias Reimann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa Serradas Duarte
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Flemming
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erdmann Seeliger
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Eichhorn
- Statistical Sciences, Department of Information Technology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor A Ferrari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Marcel Prothmann
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be noninvasively monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Conventional MR contrast agents (CAs) containing gadolinium are used in association with MRI in routine clinical practice to detect and quantify BBB leakage. Under normal circumstances CAs do not cross the intact BBB. However due to their small size they extravasate from the blood into the brain tissue even when the BBB is partially compromised. Here we describe an MR method based on T1-weighted images taken prior to and after CA injection. This MR method is useful for investigating BBB permeability in in vivo mouse models and can be easily applied in a number of experimental disease conditions including neuroinflammation disorders, or to assess (un)wanted drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
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Rathjen T, Yan X, Kononenko NL, Ku MC, Song K, Ferrarese L, Tarallo V, Puchkov D, Kochlamazashvili G, Brachs S, Varela L, Szigeti-Buck K, Yi CX, Schriever SC, Tattikota SG, Carlo AS, Moroni M, Siemens J, Heuser A, van der Weyden L, Birkenfeld AL, Niendorf T, Poulet JFA, Horvath TL, Tschöp MH, Heinig M, Trajkovski M, Haucke V, Poy MN. Regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis by neuronal cell adhesion molecule 1. Nat Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28628102 PMCID: PMC5533218 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to obesity is linked to genes regulating neurotransmission, pancreatic β-cell function, and energy homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies identified an association between body mass index and two loci near Cell Adhesion Molecule1 (CADM1) and Cell Adhesion Molecule2 (CADM2), genes encoding membrane proteins mediating synaptic assembly. We show these respective risk variants associate with increased CADM1 and CADM2 expression in the hypothalamus of human subjects. Expression of both genes is elevated in obese mice and induction of Cadm1 in excitatory neurons facilitated weight gain while exacerbating energy expenditure. Loss of Cadm1 protected mice from obesity and tract-tracing analysis revealed Cadm1-positive innervation of POMC neurons via afferent projections originating from beyond the arcuate nucleus. Reducing Cadm1 expression in the hypothalamus and hippocampus promoted a negative energy balance and weight loss. These data identify roles for Cadm1-mediated neuronal input in weight regulation and provide insight into the central pathways contributing to human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rathjen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xin Yan
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany.,CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Min-Chi Ku
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kun Song
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leiron Ferrarese
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valentina Tarallo
- University of Geneva, Medical Faculty, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Brachs
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis Varela
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre for Health and Environment and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre for Health and Environment and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Mirko Moroni
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Siemens
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Medical Clinic III, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - James F A Poulet
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre for Health and Environment and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Heinig
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- University of Geneva, Medical Faculty, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew N Poy
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Dithmer S, Staat C, Müller C, Ku MC, Pohlmann A, Niendorf T, Gehne N, Fallier-Becker P, Kittel Á, Walter FR, Veszelka S, Deli MA, Blasig R, Haseloff RF, Blasig IE, Winkler L. Claudin peptidomimetics modulate tissue barriers for enhanced drug delivery. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1397:169-184. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dithmer
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Staat
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Berlin Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Berlin Germany
| | - Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Charite and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
| | - Nora Gehne
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Berlin Germany
| | - Petra Fallier-Becker
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology; University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R. Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Maria A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - Rosel Blasig
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Lars Winkler
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Berlin Germany
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11
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Ku MC, Edes I, Bendix I, Pohlmann A, Waiczies H, Prozorovski T, Günther M, Martin C, Pagès G, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H, Uckert W, Niendorf T, Waiczies S. ERK1 as a Therapeutic Target for Dendritic Cell Vaccination against High-Grade Gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1975-87. [PMID: 27256374 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioma regression requires the recruitment of potent antitumor immune cells into the tumor microenvironment. Dendritic cells (DC) play a role in immune responses to these tumors. The fact that DC vaccines do not effectively combat high-grade gliomas, however, suggests that DCs need to be genetically modified specifically to promote their migration to tumor relevant sites. Previously, we identified extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1) as a regulator of DC immunogenicity and brain autoimmunity. In the current study, we made use of modern magnetic resonance methods to study the role of ERK1 in regulating DC migration and tumor progression in a model of high-grade glioma. We found that ERK1-deficient mice are more resistant to the development of gliomas, and tumor growth in these mice is accompanied by a higher infiltration of leukocytes. ERK1-deficient DCs exhibit an increase in migration that is associated with sustained Cdc42 activation and increased expression of actin-associated cytoskeleton-organizing proteins. We also demonstrated that ERK1 deletion potentiates DC vaccination and provides a survival advantage in high-grade gliomas. Considering the therapeutic significance of these results, we propose ERK1-deleted DC vaccines as an additional means of eradicating resilient tumor cells and preventing tumor recurrence. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1975-87. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Inan Edes
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Gene Therapy, Humboldt-University Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivo Bendix
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tim Prozorovski
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Günther
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gilles Pagès
- University Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Gene Therapy, Humboldt-University Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Niendorf T, Pohlmann A, Reimann HM, Waiczies H, Peper E, Huelnhagen T, Seeliger E, Schreiber A, Kettritz R, Strobel K, Ku MC, Waiczies S. Advancing Cardiovascular, Neurovascular, and Renal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Small Rodents Using Cryogenic Radiofrequency Coil Technology. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:255. [PMID: 26617515 PMCID: PMC4642111 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in pathologies of the brain, heart and kidney have gained immensely from the plethora of studies that have helped shape new methods in magnetic resonance (MR) for characterizing preclinical disease models. Methodical probing into preclinical animal models by MR is invaluable since it allows a careful interpretation and extrapolation of data derived from these models to human disease. In this review we will focus on the applications of cryogenic radiofrequency (RF) coils in small animal MR as a means of boosting image quality (e.g., by supporting MR microscopy) and making data acquisition more efficient (e.g., by reducing measuring time); both being important constituents for thorough investigational studies on animal models of disease. This review attempts to make the (bio)medical imaging, molecular medicine, and pharmaceutical communities aware of this productive ferment and its outstanding significance for anatomical and functional MR in small rodents. The goal is to inspire a more intense interdisciplinary collaboration across the fields to further advance and progress non-invasive MR methods that ultimately support thorough (patho)physiological characterization of animal disease models. In this review, current and potential future applications for the RF coil technology in cardiovascular, neurovascular, and renal disease will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular ResearchBerlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
| | - Henning M. Reimann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
| | | | - Eva Peper
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
| | - Till Huelnhagen
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
| | - Erdmann Seeliger
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Schreiber
- Clinic for Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical Faculty and Experimental and Clinical Research CenterBerlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- Clinic for Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical Faculty and Experimental and Clinical Research CenterBerlin, Germany
| | | | - Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
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13
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Waiczies S, Lepore S, Sydow K, Drechsler S, Ku MC, Martin C, Lorenz D, Schütz I, Reimann HM, Purfürst B, Dieringer MA, Waiczies H, Dathe M, Pohlmann A, Niendorf T. Anchoring dipalmitoyl phosphoethanolamine to nanoparticles boosts cellular uptake and fluorine-19 magnetic resonance signal. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8427. [PMID: 25673047 PMCID: PMC5389132 DOI: 10.1038/srep08427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) methods to detect and quantify fluorine (19F) nuclei provide the opportunity to study the fate of cellular transplants in vivo. Cells are typically labeled with 19F nanoparticles, introduced into living organisms and tracked by 19F MR methods. Background-free imaging and quantification of cell numbers are amongst the strengths of 19F MR-based cell tracking but challenges pertaining to signal sensitivity and cell detection exist. In this study we aimed to overcome these limitations by manipulating the aminophospholipid composition of 19F nanoparticles in order to promote their uptake by dendritic cells (DCs). As critical components of biological membranes, phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) were studied. Both microscopy and MR spectroscopy methods revealed a striking (at least one order of magnitude) increase in cytoplasmic uptake of 19F nanoparticles in DCs following enrichment with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE). The impact of enriching 19F nanoparticles with PE on DC migration was also investigated. By manipulating the nanoparticle composition and as a result the cellular uptake we provide here one way of boosting 19F signal per cell in order to overcome some of the limitations related to 19F MR signal sensitivity. The boost in signal is ultimately necessary to detect and track cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefano Lepore
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Sydow
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Drechsler
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Min-Chi Ku
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Conrad Martin
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Lorenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Schütz
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning M Reimann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias A Dieringer
- 1] Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany [2] Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Margitta Dathe
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Macas J, Ku MC, Nern C, Xu Y, Bühler H, Remke M, Synowitz M, Franz K, Seifert V, Plate KH, Kettenmann H, Glass R, Momma S. Generation of neuronal progenitor cells in response to tumors in the human brain. Stem Cells 2014; 32:244-57. [PMID: 24170295 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Data from transgenic mouse models show that neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) migrate toward experimental brain tumors and modulate the course of pathology. However, the pathways whereby NPCs are attracted to CNS neoplasms are not fully understood and it is unexplored if NPCs migrate toward brain tumors (high-grade astrocytomas) in humans. We analyzed the tumor-parenchyma interface of neurosurgical resections for the presence of (NPCs) and distinguished these physiological cells from the tumor mass. We observed that polysialic acid neural cell adhesion molecule-positive NPCs accumulate at the border of high-grade astrocytomas and display a marker profile consistent with immature migratory NPCs. Importantly, these high-grade astrocytoma-associated NPCs did not carry genetic aberrations that are indicative of the tumor. Additionally, we observed NPCs accumulating in CNS metastases. These metastatic tumors are distinguished from neural cells by defined sets of markers. Transplanting murine glioma cells embedded in a cell-impermeable hollow fiber capsule into the brains of nestin-gfp reporter mice showed that diffusible factors are sufficient to induce a neurogenic reaction. In vitro, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted from glioma cells increases the migratory and proliferative behavior of adult human brain-derived neural stem and progenitor cells via stimulation of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). In vivo, inhibiting VEGFR-2 signaling with a function-blocking antibody led to a reduction in NPC migration toward tumors. Overall, our data reveal a mechanism by which NPCs are attracted to CNS tumors and suggest that NPCs accumulate in human high-grade astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Macas
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Department of Neurosurgery, Frankfurt University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Pohlmann A, Karczewski P, Ku MC, Dieringer B, Waiczies H, Wisbrun N, Kox S, Palatnik I, Reimann HM, Eichhorn C, Waiczies S, Hempel P, Lemke B, Niendorf T, Bimmler M. Cerebral blood volume estimation by ferumoxytol-enhanced steady-state MRI at 9.4 T reveals microvascular impact of α1 -adrenergic receptor antibodies. NMR Biomed 2014; 27:1085-1093. [PMID: 25060359 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular abnormality is frequently accompanied by cognitive dysfunctions, such as dementia. Antibodies against the α1 -adrenoceptor (α1 -AR) can be found in patients with Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease, and have been shown to affect the larger vessels of the brain in rodents. However, the impact of α1 -AR antibodies on the cerebral vasculature remains unclear. In the present study, we established a neuroimaging method to measure the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in small rodents with the ultimate goal to detect changes in blood vessel density and/or vessel size induced by α1 -AR antibodies. For this purpose, mapping of R2 * and R2 was performed using MRI at 9.4 T, before and after the injection of intravascular iron oxide particles (ferumoxytol). The change in the transverse relaxation rates (ΔR2 *, ΔR2 ) showed a significant rCBV decrease in the cerebrum, cortex and hippocampus of rats (except hippocampal ΔR2 ), which was more pronounced for ΔR2 * than for ΔR2 . Immunohistological analyses confirmed that the α1 -AR antibody induced blood vessel deficiencies. Our findings support the hypothesis that α1 -AR antibodies lead to cerebral vessel damage throughout the brain, which can be monitored by MRI-derived rCBV, a non-invasive neuroimaging method. This demonstrates the value of rCBV estimation by ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI at 9.4 T, and further underlines the significance of this antibody in brain diseases involving vasculature impairments, such as dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Hu F, Ku MC, Markovic D, Dzaye ODA, Lehnardt S, Synowitz M, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H. Glioma-associated microglial MMP9 expression is upregulated by TLR2 signaling and sensitive to minocycline. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2569-78. [PMID: 24752463 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The invasiveness of malignant gliomas is one of the major obstacles in glioma therapy and the reason for the poor survival of patients. Glioma cells infiltrate into the brain parenchyma and thereby escape surgical resection. Glioma associated microglia/macrophages support glioma infiltration into the brain parenchyma by increased expression and activation of extracellular matrix degrading proteases such as matrix metalloprotease (MMP) 2, MMP9 and membrane-type 1 MMP. In this work we demonstrate that, MMP9 is predominantly expressed by glioma associated microglia/macrophages in mouse and human glioma tissue but not by the glioma cells. Supernatant from glioma cells induced the expression of MMP9 in cultured microglial cells. Using mice deficient for different Toll-like receptors we identified Toll-like receptor 2/6 as the signaling pathway for the glioma induced upregulation of microglial MMP9. Also in an experimental mouse glioma model, Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency attenuated the upregulation of microglial MMP9. Moreover, glioma supernatant triggered an upregulation of Toll-like receptor 2 expression in microglia. Both, the upregulation of MMP9 and Toll-like receptor 2 were attenuated by the antibiotic minocycline and a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase antagonist in vitro. Minocycline also extended the survival rate of glioma bearing mice when given to the drinking water. Thus glioma cells change the phenotype of glioma associated microglia/macrophages in a complex fashion using Toll-like receptor 2 as an important signaling pathway and minocycline further proved to be a potential candidate for adjuvant glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Vinnakota K, Hu F, Ku MC, Georgieva PB, Szulzewsky F, Pohlmann A, Waiczies S, Waiczies H, Niendorf T, Lehnardt S, Hanisch UK, Synowitz M, Markovic D, Wolf SA, Glass R, Kettenmann H. Toll-like receptor 2 mediates microglia/brain macrophage MT1-MMP expression and glioma expansion. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:1457-68. [PMID: 24014382 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas are the most aggressive primary brain tumors in humans. Microglia/brain macrophage accumulation in and around the tumor correlates with malignancy and poor clinical prognosis of these tumors. We have previously shown that microglia promote glioma expansion through upregulation of membrane type 1 matrix metalloprotease (MT1-MMP). This upregulation depends on signaling via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88). METHODS Using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo techniques, we identified TLR2 as the main TLR controlling microglial MT1-MMP expression and promoting microglia-assisted glioma expansion. RESULTS The implantation of mouse GL261 glioma cells into TLR2 knockout mice resulted in significantly smaller tumors, reduced MT1-MMP expression, and enhanced survival rates compared with wild-type control mice. Tumor expansion studied in organotypic brain slices depended on both parenchymal TLR2 expression and the presence of microglia. Glioma-derived soluble factors and synthetic TLR2 specific ligands induced MT1-MMP expression in microglia from wild-type mice, but no such change in MT1-MMP gene expression was observed in microglia from TLR2 knockout mice. We also found evidence that TLR1 and TLR6 cofunction with TLR2 as heterodimers in regulating MT1-MMP expression in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results thus show that activation of TLR2 along with TLRs 1 and/or 6 converts microglia into a glioma supportive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katyayni Vinnakota
- Corresponding Author: Prof Dr Helmut Kettenmann, PhD, Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Ku MC, Wolf SA, Respondek D, Matyash V, Pohlmann A, Waiczies S, Waiczies H, Niendorf T, Synowitz M, Glass R, Kettenmann H. GDNF mediates glioblastoma-induced microglia attraction but not astrogliosis. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 125:609-20. [PMID: 23344256 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Their malignancy is promoted by the complex crosstalk between different cell types in the central nervous system. Microglia/brain macrophages infiltrate high-grade gliomas and contribute to their progression. To identify factors that mediate the attraction of microglia/macrophages to malignant brain tumors, we established a glioma cell encapsulation model that was applied in vivo. Mouse GL261 glioma cell line and human high-grade glioma cells were seeded into hollow fibers (HF) that allow the passage of soluble molecules but not cells. The glioma cell containing HF were implanted into one brain hemisphere and simultaneously HF with non-transformed fibroblasts (controls) were introduced into the contralateral hemisphere. Implanted mouse and human glioma- but not fibroblast-containing HF attracted microglia and up-regulated immunoreactivity for GFAP, which is a marker of astrogliosis. In this study, we identified GDNF as an important factor for microglial attraction: (1) GL261 and human glioma cells secret GDNF, (2) reduced GDNF production by siRNA in GL261 in mouse glioma cells diminished attraction of microglia, (3) over-expression of GDNF in fibroblasts promoted microglia attraction in our HF assay. In vitro migration assays also showed that GDNF is a strong chemoattractant for microglia. While GDNF release from human or mouse glioma had a profound effect on microglial attraction, the glioma-induced astrogliosis was not affected. Finally, we could show that injection of GL261 mouse glioma cells with GDNF knockdown by shRNA into mouse brains resulted in reduced tumor expansion and improved survival as compared to injection of control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chi Ku
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert Rössle Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Chen CCV, Ku MC, D. M. J, Lai JS, Hueng DY, Chang C. Simple SPION incubation as an efficient intracellular labeling method for tracking neural progenitor cells using MRI. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56125. [PMID: 23468856 PMCID: PMC3585319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been well-established for tracking neural progenitor cells (NPC). Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) approved for clinical application are the most common agents used for labeling. Conventionally, transfection agents (TAs) were added with SPIONs to facilitate cell labeling because SPIONs in the native unmodified form were deemed inefficient for intracellular labeling. However, compelling evidence also shows that simple SPION incubation is not invariably ineffective. The labeling efficiency can be improved by prolonged incubation and elevated iron doses. The goal of the present study was to establish simple SPION incubation as an efficient intracellular labeling method. To this end, NPCs derived from the neonatal subventricular zone were incubated with SPIONs (Feridex®) and then evaluated in vitro with regard to the labeling efficiency and biological functions. The results showed that, following 48 hours of incubation at 75 µg/ml, nearly all NPCs exhibited visible SPION intake. Evidence from light microscopy, electron microscopy, chemical analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the effectiveness of the labeling. Additionally, biological assays showed that the labeled NPCs exhibited unaffected viability, oxidative stress, apoptosis and differentiation. In the demonstrated in vivo cellular MRI experiment, the hypointensities representing the SPION labeled NPCs remained observable throughout the entire tracking period. The findings indicate that simple SPION incubation without the addition of TAs is an efficient intracellular magnetic labeling method. This simple approach may be considered as an alternative approach to the mainstream labeling method that involves the use of TAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Chi V. Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Functional and Micro-magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Ku
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Functional and Micro-magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jayaseema D. M.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Functional and Micro-magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CC); (D-YH)
| | - Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Functional and Micro-magnetic Resonance Imaging Center, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CC); (D-YH)
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20
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Markovich D, McWhinney A, Heussler HS, Bowling FG, Dawson PA, Ku MC, Muslim D. WITHDRAWN: NaS1 sulfate transporter is linked to hyposulfatemia and longevity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010:S0006-291X(10)02156-X. [PMID: 21111708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Markovich
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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21
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Wang JY, Wen LL, Huang YN, Chen YT, Ku MC. Dual Effects of Antioxidants in Neurodegeneration: Direct Neuroprotection against Oxidative Stress and Indirect Protection via Suppression of Gliamediated Inflammation. Curr Pharm Des 2006; 12:3521-33. [PMID: 17017945 DOI: 10.2174/138161206778343109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, in which production of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) overwhelms antioxidant defenses, is a feature of many neurological diseases and neurodegeneration. ROS and RNS generated extracellularly and intracellularly by various processes initiate and promote neurodegeneration in CNS. ROS and RNS can directly oxidize and damage macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, culminating in neurodegeneration in the CNS. Neurons are most susceptible to direct oxidative injury by ROS and RNS. ROS and RNS can also indirectly contribute to tissue damage by activating a number of cellular pathways resulting in the expression of stress-sensitive genes and proteins to cause oxidative injury. Moreover, oxidative stress also activates mechanisms that result in a glia-mediated inflammation that also causes secondary neuronal damage. Associated with neuronal injuries caused by many CNS insults is an activation of glial cells (particularly astrocytes and microglia) at the sites of injury. Activated glial cells are thus histopathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Even though direct contact of activated glia with neurons per se may not necessarily be toxic, the immune mediators (e.g. nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines) released by activated glial cells are currently considered to be candidate neurotoxins. Therefore, study of the protective role of antioxidant compounds on inhibition of the inflammatory response and correcting the fundamental oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases are important vistas for further research. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence in support of this critical role played by oxidative stress of neuronal and glial origin in neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanistic basis of the neuroprotective activity of antioxidants does not only rely on the general free radical trapping or antioxidant activity per se in neurons, but also the suppression of genes induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators released by glial cells. We propose that combinations of agents which act at sequential steps in the neurodegenerative process can produce additive neuroprotective effects. A cocktail of multiple antioxidants with anti-inflammatory agents may be more beneficial in the prevention of neurodegenerative disease. A clearer appreciation of the potential therapeutic utility of antioxidants would emerge only when the complexity of their effects on mechanisms that interact to determine the extent of oxidative damage in vivo are more fully defined and understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Wang
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Sec.6, Ming-Chuan E. Rd. Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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22
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Abstract
Using a splanchnic nerve-spinal cord preparation in vitro that could spontaneously generate sympathetic nerve discharge (SND), we investigated the roles of intraspinal GABAB receptors in the regulation of SND. Despite an age-dependent difference in sensitivity, bath applications of baclofen (Bac; GABAB-receptor agonist) consistently reduced SND in a concentration-dependent manner. The drug specificity of Bac in activation of GABAB receptors was verified by application of its antagonist saclofen (Sac) or CGP-46381 (CGP). Sac or CGP alone did not change SND. However, in the presence of Sac or CGP, the effects of Bac on SND inhibition were reversibly attenuated. The splanchnic sympathetic preganglionic neuron (SPN) was recorded by blind whole cell, patch-clamp techniques. We examined Bac effects on electrical membrane properties of SPNs. Applications of Bac reduced excitatory synaptic events, induced membrane hyperpolarizations, and inhibited SPN firing. In the presence of 12 mM Mg2+ or 0.5 μM TTX to block Ca2+- or action potential-dependent synaptic transmissions, applications of Bac induced an outward baseline current that reversed at −29 ± 6 mV. Because the K+ equilibrium potential in our experimental conditions was −100 mV, the Bac-induced currents could not simply be attributed to an alteration of K+ conductance. On the other hand, applications of Bac to Cs+-loaded SPNs reduced Cd2+-sensitive and high-voltage-activated inward currents, indicating an inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ currents. Our results suggest that the activation of intraspinal GABAB receptors suppresses SND via a mixture of ion events that may link to a change in Ca2+ conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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23
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Chen JP, Liao NS, Lai SL, Hsu L, Mao WY, Ku MC, Liao F. Reduced 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity response in IL-15 receptor??-deficient mice correlates with diminished CCL5/RANTES and CXCL10/IP-10 expression. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:690-8. [PMID: 15719370 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Using a model of 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) we found that, as compared with wild-type mice, IL-15 receptor alpha chain (IL-15Ralpha)-deficient mice showed significantly less ear swelling. This decreased response was associated with diminished expression of CCL5/RANTES and CXCL10/IP-10, chemokines critical for effector cell recruitment, in the inflamed tissue. We determined that both the number of CD8(+) T cells infiltrating the affected skin and the production of CCL5/RANTES by antigen-stimulated CD8(+) T cells were decreased in IL-15Ralpha(-/-) mice. The lower levels of CXCL10/IP-10 suggested that the IL-15Ralpha(-/-) mice had reduced production of IFN-gamma, the primary inducer of CXCL10/IP-10, which was in fact the case. However, by contrast with CCL5/RANTES, the diminished levels of IFN-gamma were likely due to the decreased number of skin-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells, since IFN-gamma production by antigen-stimulated CD8(+) T cells was comparable between wild-type and IL-15Ralpha(-/-) mice. Our data suggest a positive, pro-inflammatory feedback loop involving CCL5/RANTES, IFN-gamma and CXCL10/IP-10 that underlies the CHS reaction and that is disrupted, likely primarily by a defect in CCL5/RANTES production, in mice lacking IL-15Ralpha, resulting in impaired leukocyte recruitment and inflammation. Moreover, it is particularly noteworthy that the defect in CCL5/RANTES expression in CD8(+) T cells is intrinsic to the absence of IL-15Ralpha, indicating that IL-15Ralpha is critical for CCL5/RANTES expression in CD8(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Perng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Using a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) delivery system, we evaluated the clinical advantages and disadvantages of morphine PCA compared with morphine plus lysine acetyl salicylate (LAS), a soluble aspirin. After major orthopedic surgery, 50 adult patients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, and double-blinded study. When a patient in the recovery room complained of pain, an initial dose of morphine or the morphine/LAS mixture was titrated to achieve analgesia of visual analog score < or = 3 in 30 min. An equivalent volume PCA dose of either morphine 1 mg/mL or morphine 0.5 mg + LAS 90 mg/mL was used with a lockout interval of 10 min. Pain score, patient satisfaction, vital signs, and adverse effects were observed for 48 h. Adequate analgesia (visual analog scale score < or = 3) was achieved with either drug. Morphine consumption in the morphine/LAS group was significantly less than in morphine group (13.9 vs 18.4 mg in 24 h and 24.3 vs 32.4 mg in 48 h). Significantly more sedation was evident with the morphine group (P < 0.05). We conclude that injectable LAS can be used as an effective and safe adjuvant to morphine for PCA. This combination reduces dose requirements of morphine and hence some of its adverse effects. IMPLICATIONS Injectable aspirin could be used as an effective and safe adjuvant to morphine for patient-controlled analgesia. This combination reduces the dose requirement of morphine and therefore some of the morphine-related untoward effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pang
- Department of Anesthesia, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
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25
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Lee TS, Tong KM, Ku MC. Insufficiency fracture of acetabulum: a case report. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1995; 55:274-7. [PMID: 7780888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Most stress fractures of the hip joint occur on the femoral side. A review of the English literature showed that only eight cases of stress fracture of the acetabulum had been reported. Another insufficiency fracture of the acetabulum in an osteoporotic bone is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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26
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Chen WC, Lee TS, Ku MC, Hsu KC. Glomus tumors of the upper extremity: experience with twelve cases. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1995; 55:163-7. [PMID: 7750057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glomus tumor is an uncommon tumor of the hand, which presents with much pain. It is a benign neoplasm composed of a glomus body, which is located in the dermis. Glomus tumors present a classic clinical picture of pain, sensitivity to cold and local tenderness over the lesion. METHODS Twelve patients underwent surgical removal for glomus tumors of the upper extremity from 1983 to 1992. There were three males and nine females; their average age was 37 years (25 to 60 years). The clinical manifestations were pain and local tenderness in 12 patients, and cold intolerance in 6 patients. RESULTS There was a difference in gender in the anatomical site of the tumor. In three male patients, only one tumor was found in the digit. In female patients, all nine tumors were located in the digits. The average tumor size was 0.6 cm in diameter. After follow-up of 4.5 years (average), no recurrence, no residual pain or cold intolerance was noted. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of glomus tumor consisted of local excision or curettage, with or without reconstruction of the nail bed. Recurrence is not a problem after complete removal of the tumor tissue. Permanent nail deformity is still a problem. Efforts to prevent this sequelae are worth trying.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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27
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Chang IL, Lee TS, Ku MC. Treatment of femoral fracture with nonunion. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1994; 10:543-549. [PMID: 7807610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-four patients with femoral nonunion were managed by autogenous and/or allogenous bone graft alone, or internal fixation (including DCP or intramedullary nail) combined with bone graft, or external fixation in Taichung Veterans General hospital. Adequate follow-up study was obtained in 32 patients; two patients were unable to be contacted for follow-up. All 32 patients had received one or more operations. All but four patients showed clinical and radiological union, with an overall union rate 87.5%. Twenty-five patients (89.3%) returned to work, but half of these patients changed jobs. All twenty-eight patients with solid unions could walk, but eleven patients (39.3%) had a slight limp. Twenty-two patients (78.6%) could squat, and all patients could straighten their knees. Fourteen patients (50%) complained of occasional soreness over the operated area. In our limited experience, most femoral nonunions result from (1) inappropriate selection and usage of internal fixator, (2) severe stripping of soft tissue around the fracture site, or inappropriate usage of cerclage wire, and (3) infection. Treatment must depend on the causes and types of nonunion. In this study, a high union rate and good functional recovery were achieved with interlocking nails with or without autogenous bone graft. Plating would extend the time for union to take place, and even resulted in refracture of the plate by contact with the medial cortex when there was no medial buttress. In general, detailed planning before operation, skilled surgical techniques and aseptic procedures are essential in the prevention and treatment of nonunion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Chang
- Department of Surgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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28
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Tong KM, Hsu KC, Ku MC, Lee TS. Two to five year follow-up of Harris-Galante cementless total hip arthroplasty. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1993; 52:137-44. [PMID: 8252454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and forty-nine hips (125 patients) underwent cementless Harris-Galante primary total hip arthroplasty from September 1987 to June 1990 at the Taichung Veterans General Hospital. Seventy hips (61 patients) have been followed up for at least 2 years (range, 26-55 months, mean 36 months). The primary diagnoses included osteoarthritis (42.9%) and avascular necrosis (57.1%). All the hips were evaluated using Harris hip score and Mayo Clinic hip score. The average Harris hip score was 36.5 points (23-73) preoperatively, and 95 points (80-100) postoperatively. When evaluated by the Harris hip score, 94.3% were excellent, and 5.7% had good results; and 90% were excellent, 10% had good results when evaluated by Mayo Clinic hip score. No fair or poor results were noted by either evaluating system. Fifty-seven femoral components (81.4%) appeared to have stable bone ingrowth fixation, ten components (14.3%) had stable fibrous ingrowth, and three (4.3%) were unstable. Fifty-five hips (78.6%) showed radiolucent lines around the femoral component in follow-up roentgenogram; most were at the non-porous, fiber-mesh part. It seemed that there was no correlation between these radiolucent lines and clinical outcome, according to this short-term study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Tong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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29
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Chang YS, Ku MC, Hsu KC, Lee TS. Pigmented villonodular synovitis. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1993; 52:92-9. [PMID: 8402374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-three patients, 28 males and 45 females, diagnosed with pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) between 1982 and 1990 were followed for an average of 42.2 months (range, 21 to 108 months). Fifty-five cases occurred in the tendon sheath and eighteen in synovial joint. Ages ranged from 5 to 77 years, with an average of 38.9 years. The clinical presentations included chronic tumescence, serosanguinous arthrocentesis and painful limitation of range of motion. Plain roentgenography usually demonstrated soft tissue swelling with varying density, bony erosion or joint space narrowing. Arthrography and magnetic resonance imaging both gave specific pictures, with good diagnostic rates. The therapeutic regimen consisted of marginal excision for tendon sheath lesions and total synovectomy for intraarticular lesions. Extensive synovectomy with prosthesis replacement yielded good functional results in elderly patients with PVNS and cartilage destruction. Recurrence rate averaged 26% and was higher among knee joint lesions (33%), possibly because of inaccessibility of the popliteal fossa and inadequate excision of the lesion. Differences in the mitotic index between recurrence and non-recurrence groups had no statistical significance. This phenomenon may well serve against "tumor origin" as the etiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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30
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Tarn TS, Ku MC, Lee TS. [Treatment of proximal humeral tumor: a case report]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1993; 51:78-84. [PMID: 8384061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In management of malignancy of the proximal humerus, amputation or a complete flail limb both give poor functional results. The limb-salvage procedure with joint reconstruction preserves function in the elbow and hand, thereby improving the quality of remaining life for patient. Prosthetic humeral replacement may avert amputation and preserve a functional arm, but neither segmental modular proximal humeral prosthesis nor custom-made prosthesis is readily available here. Combining the Neer II shoulder prosthesis and Kuntscher's nail with acrylic cement can replace the proximal humerus with an adjustable length of stem within the humeral shaft. A piece of mesh is incorporated into the prosthesis, placed around the neck of the Neer II shoulder prosthesis, and sutured to the rotator cuff to prevent subluxation of the humeral head and preserve some function of the rotator cuff. The above prosthetic humeral replacement has been applied to one patient with a primary osteosarcoma. It preserved the function of the elbow and hand well. One year post-operatively, there was no dislocation or subluxation. Details of procedures used are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Tarn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital
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31
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Chang YS, Ku MC, Lee TS. [Primary amyloidoma of the spine]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1993; 51:85-90. [PMID: 8384062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidosis involving the musculoskeletal system is an uncommon occurrence. The primary form is rare and only six cases involving the spine have been reported in the literature. The following case is believed to be the first reported in Taiwan. A 65-year-old male was admitted due to chronic nonspecific pain in the lower back with progressive paralysis of the lower limbs. Amyloidoma involving both thoracic and lumbar spine, never reported in the literature, was proved by histologic and histochemical studies. Serial radiographic examinations were also presented. Anterior decompression of the thoracic spine with iliac crest strut bone graft and Kaneda device fixation achieved good functional results. The symptoms and signs of spinal amyloidoma are nonspecific and difficult to diagnose; hence a correct diagnosis requires the surgeon to be extremely suspicious. A special histochemical stain is essential for this purpose. Because of the rarity, we report this case with review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital
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32
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Huang KC, Ku MC, Lee TS. [Second hip fracture]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1992; 50:149-52. [PMID: 1327473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During the period from 1982-1990, a total of 1644 patients were admitted to our hospital with proximal femoral fractures. Trochanteric fractures were encountered in 54 per cent of the cases (887/1644) with a mean age of 68 years. Cervical fractures were encountered in 46 per cent of the cases (757/1644) with a mean age of 62 years. We found 28 patients who had been readmitted with a second hip fracture in this retrospective study, including twenty three males and five females. Two of these second hip fractures occurred on the same side as the initial fracture and twenty six occurred on the opposite side. The time interval between the first and the second hip fracture was shorter in males than that in females (1.7 years V.S. 2.7 years) and the interval also was shorter in those with a previous trochanteric fracture as compared to those with a previous cervical fracture (1.5 years V.S. 2.6 years). It appeared that a hip fracture reduced the risk of a subsequent hip fracture on the same side, and almost all second hip fractures were located on the opposite side of the patient (93 per cent). A possible reason for this "protective mechanism" is increased strength of the bone due to callus formation. A significant symmetry (trochanteric-trochanteric or cervical-cervical) was found between the first and the second hip fractures (69 per cent). We believe the symmetrical fracture pattern is due to senile osteoporosis, a kind of ongoing systemic weakening of the skeletal system among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Huang
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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33
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Huang RY, Lee TS, Ku MC. [Tardy ulnar palsy treated by anterior subcutaneous transposition]. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1990; 6:231-6. [PMID: 2163459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Twenty cases of tardy ulnar palsy were treated by anterior subcutaneous transposition in the past 6 years at the Veterans General Hospital-Taichung. These cases were followed up for at least 9 months after operation. Mean duration of follow up was 39.5 months. Age distribution was from 40y/o to 72y/o, mean age was 54.5y/o. Duration of symptoms was from 2 months to 72 months, mean was 20.3 months. Eight cases were attributed to the idiopathic type. 16 cases (80%) improved after operation. Four factors were analyzed to evaluate their status as a prognostic guide: age, duration of syndrome, severity before operation and precipitating factors. Only severity before operation correlated with prognosis, but good recovery can be achieved in severe cases. Anterior subcutaneous transposition is a good method for treating tardy ulnar palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Huang
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Tai-Chung Veteran General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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