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Dang K, Gao Y, Wang H, Yang H, Kong Y, Jiang S, Qian A. Integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis to understand muscle atrophy resistance in hibernating Spermophilus dauricus. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104838. [PMID: 38097057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Hibernating Spermophilus dauricus experiences minor muscle atrophy, which is an attractive anti-disuse muscle atrophy model. Integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis was performed on the hibernating S. dauricus during the pre-hibernation (PRE) stage, torpor (TOR) stage, interbout arousal (IBA) stage, and post-hibernation (POST) stage. Time course stage transition-based (TOR vs. PRE, IBA vs. TOR, POST vs. IBA) differential expression analysis was performed based on the R limma package. A total of 14 co-differential metabolites were detected. Among these, l-cystathionine, l-proline, ketoleucine, serine, and 1-Hydroxy-3,6,7-Trimethoxy-2, 8-Diprenylxanthone demonstrated the highest levels in the TOR stage; Beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Dihydrozeatin, Pannaric acid, and Propionylcarnitine demonstrated the highest levels in the IBA stage; Adrenosterone, PS (18:0/14,15-EpETE), S-Carboxymethylcysteine, TxB2, and 3-Phenoxybenzylalcohol demonstrated the highest levels in the POST stage. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways annotation analysis indicated that biosynthesis of amino acids, ATP-binding cassette transporters, and cysteine and methionine metabolism were co-differential metabolism pathways during the different stages of hibernation. The stage-specific metabolism processes and integrated enzyme-centered metabolism networks in the different stages were also deciphered. Overall, our findings suggest that (1) the periodic change of proline, ketoleucine, and serine contributes to the hindlimb lean tissue preservation; and (2) key metabolites related to the biosynthesis of amino acids, ATP-binding cassette transporters, and cysteine and methionine metabolism may be associated with muscle atrophy resistance. In conclusion, our co-differential metabolites, co-differential metabolism pathways, stage-specific metabolism pathways, and integrated enzyme-centered metabolism networks are informative for biologists to generate hypotheses for functional analyses to perturb disuse-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; China Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Huajian Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; China Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; China Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shanfeng Jiang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
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Gandouzi I, Fekih S, Selmi O, Chalghaf N, Turki M, Ayedi F, Guelmami N, Azaiez F, Souissi N, Marsigliante S, Muscella A. Oxidative status alteration during aerobic-dominant mixed and anaerobic-dominant mixed effort in judokas. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20442. [PMID: 37829795 PMCID: PMC10565691 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to depict the oxidative status variation in judokas during aerobic-dominant mixed effort (AeDME) and anaerobic-dominant mixed effort (AnDME). It is to be expected that the sporting commitment of Judo is a stimulus of oxidative stress leading to the recruitment of antioxidant responses. Blood samples were collected from 17 athletes at rest, immediately after a training session (AeDME) and after a 5-min bout (AnDME). AeDME and AnDME caused significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively) and glutathione (GSH) (p = 0.018 and p < 0.001 respectively). Blood thiol concentrations decreased following AeDME and AnDME (p < 0.001) whilst catalase decreased significantly after AnDME (p = 0.026) only. Uric acid increased significantly after AnDME than after AeDME (p = 0.047) while, conversely, total bilirubin was higher after AnDME than after AeDME (p = 0.02). We may ultimately summarize that AeDME and AnDME caused oxidative stress, higher in AnDME, and some antioxidant response slightly higher in AnDME compared to AeDME. In sports, monitoring of oxidative stress status is recommended as part of the training regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Gandouzi
- Molecular Basis of Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
- RU: Physical Activity, Sport & Health, The National Observatory of Sport, Tunisia
| | - Soufien Fekih
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Okba Selmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef ISSEP, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Nasr Chalghaf
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Turki
- Molecular Basis of Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Tunisia
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayedi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noomen Guelmami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef ISSEP, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Fairouz Azaiez
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- RU: Physical Activity, Sport & Health, The National Observatory of Sport, Tunisia
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Hjortshoej MH, Aagaard P, Storgaard CD, Juneja H, Lundbye‐Jensen J, Magnusson SP, Couppé C. Hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses to blood flow-restricted exercise. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14030. [PMID: 37732509 PMCID: PMC10909497 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heavy-load free-flow resistance exercise (HL-FFRE) is a widely used training modality. Recently, low-load blood-flow restricted resistance exercise (LL-BFRRE) has gained attention in both athletic and clinical settings as an alternative when conventional HL-FFRE is contraindicated or not tolerated. LL-BFRRE has been shown to result in physiological adaptations in muscle and connective tissue that are comparable to those induced by HL-FFRE. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear; however, evidence suggests that LL-BFRRE involves elevated metabolic stress compared to conventional free-flow resistance exercise (FFRE). AIM The aim was to evaluate the initial (<10 min post-exercise), intermediate (10-20 min), and late (>30 min) hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses observed following acute sessions of LL-BFRRE compared to FFRE in healthy adults. METHODS A systematic literature search of randomized and non-randomized studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB2, ROBINS-1) and TESTEX were used to evaluate risk of bias and study quality. Data extractions were based on mean change within groups. RESULTS A total of 12525 hits were identified, of which 29 articles were included. LL-BFRRE demonstrated greater acute increases in growth hormone responses when compared to overall FFRE at intermediate (SMD 2.04; 95% CI 0.87, 3.22) and late (SMD 2.64; 95% CI 1.13, 4.16) post-exercise phases. LL-BFRRE also demonstrated greater increase in testosterone responses compared to late LL-FFRE. CONCLUSION These results indicate that LL-BFRRE can induce increased or similar hormone and immune responses compared to LL-FFRE and HL-FFRE along with attenuated oxidative stress responses compared to HL-FFRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Hjortshoej
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Health and RehabilitationUniversity College AbsalonSlagelseDenmark
| | - P. Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - C. D. Storgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - H. Juneja
- Centre for Health and RehabilitationUniversity College AbsalonSlagelseDenmark
| | - J. Lundbye‐Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - S. P. Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - C. Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
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Lee E, Park HY, Kim SW, Kim J, Lim K. Vitamin C and glutathione supplementation: a review of their additive effects on exercise performance. Phys Act Nutr 2023; 27:36-43. [PMID: 37946445 PMCID: PMC10636510 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin C and glutathione supplementation on exercise performance. METHODS We conducted a literature search across the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases using the keywords vitamin C, glutathione, antioxidants, exercise, and oxidative stress. RESULTS The effects of vitamin C supplementation on exercise performance and oxidative stress levels are inconsistent. Glutathione, with its diverse forms of supplementation and methods, presents mixed outcomes. Vitamin C and glutathione have deeply interconnected antioxidant functions and are mutually essential to each other. Research investigating the combined intake of these two substances, which are intricately linked biochemically, and their effects on exercise performance remain largely unexplored. CONCLUSION Studies on the effects of vitamin C and glutathione intake on exercise have been conducted using diverse approaches; however, the results have not been consistent. Although an additive effect is anticipated with the combined intake of vitamin C and glutathione, research on this topic is currently insufficient, and further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University. Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University. Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University. Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University. Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee E, Park HY, Kim SW, Sun Y, Choi JH, Seo J, Jung YP, Kim AJ, Kim J, Lim K. Enhancing Supplemental Effects of Acute Natural Antioxidant Derived from Yeast Fermentation and Vitamin C on Sports Performance in Triathlon Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3324. [PMID: 37571262 PMCID: PMC10421245 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the acute effects of natural antioxidants, derived from yeast fermentation containing glutathione and dietary vitamin C supplementation, on metabolic function, skeletal muscle oxygenation, cardiac function, and antioxidant function during submaximal exercise in middle-aged triathlon athletes. Twelve participants (aged 49.42 ± 5.9 years) completed 90 min submaximal cycling trials corresponding to 70% maximal oxygen uptake with either vitamin C and glutathione (VitC+Glu), vitamin C (VitC), glutathione (Glu) supplementation, or placebo. Metabolic function (minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output [VCO2], respiratory exchange ratio [RER], oxygen pulse [O2pulse], carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure), skeletal muscle oxygenation (oxidized hemoglobin and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissue, total hemoglobin and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissue [tHb]), cardiac function (heart rate [HR], stroke volume [SV], cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction), and antioxidant function parameters (blood lactate, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione [GSH], diacron reactive oxygen metabolite [dROM], and biological antioxidant potential [BAP]) were measured during submaximal exercise and recovery. VCO2, RER, HR, blood lactate after exercise, and dROM were significantly lower, and O2pulse, tHb, and BAP were significantly higher for VitC+Glu than for the other trials (p < 0.05). In conclusion, combined vitamin C and glutathione supplementation was more effective in improving metabolic function, skeletal oxygenation, cardiac function, and antioxidant function during prolonged submaximal exercise in middle-aged triathletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jae-Ho Choi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jisoo Seo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Yanghoon Peter Jung
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.J.); (A.-J.K.)
| | - Ah-Jin Kim
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.J.); (A.-J.K.)
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. The Effect of Bioactive Aliment Compounds and Micronutrients on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040903. [PMID: 37107278 PMCID: PMC10136128 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current review, we focused on identifying aliment compounds and micronutrients, as well as addressed promising bioactive nutrients that may interfere with NAFLD advance and ultimately affect this disease progress. In this regard, we targeted: 1. Potential bioactive nutrients that may interfere with NAFLD, specifically dark chocolate, cocoa butter, and peanut butter which may be involved in decreasing cholesterol concentrations. 2. The role of sweeteners used in coffee and other frequent beverages; in this sense, stevia has proven to be adequate for improving carbohydrate metabolism, liver steatosis, and liver fibrosis. 3. Additional compounds were shown to exert a beneficial action on NAFLD, namely glutathione, soy lecithin, silymarin, Aquamin, and cannabinoids which were shown to lower the serum concentration of triglycerides. 4. The effects of micronutrients, especially vitamins, on NAFLD. Even if most studies demonstrate the beneficial role of vitamins in this pathology, there are exceptions. 5. We provide information regarding the modulation of the activity of some enzymes related to NAFLD and their effect on this disease. We conclude that NAFLD can be prevented or improved by different factors through their involvement in the signaling, genetic, and biochemical pathways that underlie NAFLD. Therefore, exposing this vast knowledge to the public is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Supruniuk E, Górski J, Chabowski A. Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants in Skeletal Muscle Fatigue Development during Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020501. [PMID: 36830059 PMCID: PMC9952836 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is defined as a decrease in maximal force or power generated in response to contractile activity, and it is a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal injuries. One of the many stressors imposed on skeletal muscle through exercise is the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which intensifies as a function of exercise intensity and duration. Exposure to ROS/RNS can affect Na+/K+-ATPase activity, intramyofibrillar calcium turnover and sensitivity, and actin-myosin kinetics to reduce muscle force production. On the other hand, low ROS/RNS concentrations can likely upregulate an array of cellular adaptative responses related to mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose transport and muscle hypertrophy. Consequently, growing evidence suggests that exogenous antioxidant supplementation might hamper exercise-engendering upregulation in the signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), peroxisome-proliferator activated co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Ultimately, both high (exercise-induced) and low (antioxidant intervention) ROS concentrations can trigger beneficial responses as long as they do not override the threshold range for redox balance. The mechanisms underlying the two faces of ROS/RNS in exercise, as well as the role of antioxidants in muscle fatigue, are presented in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(85)-748-55-85
| | - Jan Górski
- Department of Medical Sciences, Academy of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Łomża, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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Alleviation of Cognitive and Physical Fatigue with Enzymatic Porcine Placenta Hydrolysate Intake through Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Intensely Exercised Rats. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121739. [PMID: 36552249 PMCID: PMC9774658 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Intense exercise is reported to induce physical and cognitive fatigue, but few studies have focused on treatments to alleviate fatigue. We hypothesized that the oral supplementation of enzymatic porcine placenta hydrolysate (EPPH) prepared using protease enzymes could alleviate exercise-induced fatigue in an animal model. The objectives of the study were to examine the hypothesis and the action mechanism of EPPH in relieving physical and cognitive fatigue. Fifty male Sprague−Dawley rats aged 8 weeks (body weight: 201 g) were classified into five groups, and rats in each group were given oral distilled water, EPPH (5 mg nitrogen/mL) at doses of 0.08, 0.16, or 0.31 mL/kg body weight (BW)/day, or glutathione (100 mg/kg BW/day) by a feeding needle for 5 weeks, which were named as the control, L-EPPH, M-EPPH, H-EPPH, or positive-control groups, respectively. Ten additional rats had no intense exercise with water administration and were designated as the no-exercise group. After 2 weeks, the rats were subjected to intense exercise and forced swimming trial for 30 min once per week for an additional 4 weeks. At 5 min after the intense exercise, lactate concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the serum and the gastrocnemius muscle were higher in the control group, whereas M-EPPH and H-EPPH treatments suppressed the increase better than in the positive-control (p < 0.05). Intense exercise decreased glycogen content in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle, and M-EPPH and H-EPPH inhibited the decrement (p < 0.05). Moreover, lipid peroxide contents in the gastrocnemius muscle and liver were higher in the control group than in the M-EPPH, H-EPPH, positive-control, and no-exercise groups (p < 0.05). However, antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were opposite to the lipid peroxide contents. Hypothalamic corticosterone and hippocampal mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β were higher. However, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression and protein contents were lower in the control group than in the positive-control group. M-EPPH, H-EPPH, and positive-control suppressed the changes via activating hippocampal cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation, and H-EPPH showed better activity than in the positive-control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, EPPH (0.16−0.31 mL/kg BW) intake reduced exercise-induced physical and cognitive fatigue in rats and could potentially be developed as a therapeutic agent for relieving fatigue in humans.
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Lee CC, Liao YC, Lee MC, Cheng YC, Chiou SY, Lin JS, Huang CC, Watanabe K. Different Impacts of Heat-Killed and Viable Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on Exercise Performance, Fatigue, Body Composition, and Gut Microbiota in Humans. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2181. [PMID: 36363775 PMCID: PMC9692508 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10, a probiotic strain, has been demonstrated to improve exercise performance, regulate body composition, and ameliorate age-related declines. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of viable and heat-killed TWK10 in the regulation of exercise performance, body composition, and gut microbiota in humans. Healthy adults (n = 53) were randomly divided into three groups: Control, TWK10 (viable TWK10, 3 × 1011 colony forming units/day), and TWK10-hk (heat-killed TWK10, 3 × 1011 cells/day) groups. After six-week administration, both the TWK10 and TWK10-hk groups had significantly improved exercise performance and fatigue-associated features and reduced exercise-induced inflammation, compared with controls. Viable TWK10 significantly promoted improved body composition, by increasing muscle mass proportion and reducing fat mass. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated significantly increasing trends in the relative abundances of Akkermansiaceae and Prevotellaceae in subjects receiving viable TWK10. Predictive metagenomic profiling revealed that heat-killed TWK10 administration significantly enhanced the signaling pathways involved in amino acid metabolisms, while glutathione metabolism, and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways were enriched by viable TWK10. In conclusion, viable and heat-killed TWK10 had similar effects in improving exercise performance and attenuating exercise-induced inflammatory responses as probiotics and postbiotics, respectively. Viable TWK10 was also highly effective in regulating body composition. The differences in efficacy between viable and heat-killed TWK10 may be due to differential impacts in shaping gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chia Lee
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Cheng
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Yun Chiou
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Seng Lin
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 333325, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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10
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Ma S, Ono M, Mizugaki A, Kato H, Miyashita M, Suzuki K. Cystine/Glutamine Mixture Supplementation Attenuated Fatigue during Endurance Exercise in Healthy Young Men by Enhancing Fatty Acid Utilization. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10100147. [PMID: 36287760 PMCID: PMC9610368 DOI: 10.3390/sports10100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced fatigue is a multi-origin physical and mental phenomenon. Efforts to diminish the above predisposition may contribute to endurance, along with athletic well-being, while development of nutritional strategies to optimize condition and exercise performance are essential issues for athletes and trainers. Dietary amino acids are being discussed for their specific health-promoting properties beyond their role as building blocks of proteins. Glutamine, along with cysteine, are two kinds of amino acids that are reported extensively for their anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and immune-regulation properties, and are promising in sport applications. In the present study, we designed a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to examine effects of 7-day supplementation of cystine/glutamine mixture (Cys2/Gln) on self-reporting fatigue index (ratings of perceived exertion, RPE), energy metabolism, and inflammation. We also employed a C2C12 myotube model to examine the capacity of cystine for fatty acid utilization. Cys2/Gln supplementation alleviated fatigue by decreasing RPE and enhanced fatty acid oxidation during a 60 min endurance exercise in human trials, while cystine increased fatty acid utilization in C2C12 myotubes by enhancing mitochondrial respiration. In summary, Cys2/Gln supplementation exerts positive effects on ameliorating exercise-induced fatigue, mechanisms of which can be attributed to enhancement of fatty acid utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Ma
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 3591141, Saitama, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku 1020083, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ono
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 2108680, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ami Mizugaki
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 2108680, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 2108680, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyashita
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 3591141, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 3591141, Saitama, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-04-2947-6898
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11
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Estimation of Redox Status in Military Pilots during Hypoxic Flight-Simulation Conditions—A Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071241. [PMID: 35883732 PMCID: PMC9312332 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
At high altitude conditions, the low-pressure atmospheric oxygen reduces the generation of energy, thus inducing a decrease in oxygen availability. As a result, endurance flights evoke imbalance in redox signaling, posing a safety risk for the pilots involved. The aim of the present study was to assess changes in the redox status of military pilots during flight simulation conditions according to their flight hours (experts vs. novice). A total of seven expert pilots and an equal number of novice pilots (trainees) were recruited from the Center for Airforce Medicine of the Greek Military Airforce. Glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase activity (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation through the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and protein oxidative damage through the assay of protein carbonyls (PCs) levels were assessed at two time points, once prior to and once immediately post a scheduled flight simulation. In the experienced pilots’ arms, GSH was significantly increased post-flight simulation, with TAC being simultaneously reduced. On the other hand, in the trainees’ arms, CAT and TAC were both increased post-flight. No differences were noted with regard to the TBARS and PCs post-simulation. When the two groups were compared, TAC and PCs were significantly lower in the trainees compared to the experienced pilots. The present study provides useful insight into the physiological redox status adaptations to hypobaric hypoxic flight conditions among pilots. In a further detail, an increase in GSH response post-flight simulation is being evoked in more experienced pilots, indicating an adaptation to the extreme flight conditions, as they battle oxidative stress.
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12
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Cystine reduces mitochondrial dysfunction in C2C12 myotubes under moderate oxidative stress induced by H 2O 2. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1203-1213. [PMID: 35715620 PMCID: PMC9365738 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Moderate oxidative stress induces temporal impairment in mitochondrial ATP production. As glutathione (GSH) content is reduced to eliminate oxidative stress by oxidation–reduction reaction, intracellular GSH content is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial function under oxidative stress. GSH precursors such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and cysteine are known to suppress oxidative stress based on the supply of cysteine residues being rate-limiting for GSH synthesis. However, it remains unclear whether cystine (Cys2) can suppress mitochondrial dysfunction under oxidative stress conditions. Therefore, we examined whether Cys2 could attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction under moderate oxidative stress without scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the medium. C2C12 myotubes were incubated for 120 min in a Cys2-supplemented medium and subsequently exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression, intracellular cysteine and GSH content, intracellular ATP level, and maximal mitochondrial respiration were assessed. Cys2 treatment significantly increased GSH content in a dose-dependent manner under oxidative stress. Cys2 treatment significantly decreased HO-1 expression induced by H2O2 exposure. In addition, maximal mitochondrial respiration rate was decreased by H2O2 exposure, but improved by Cys2 treatment. In conclusion, Cys2 treatment mitigates oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by maintaining GSH content under moderate oxidative stress without scavenging ROS in the medium.
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13
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Su Y, Elshorbagy A, Turner C, Refsum H, Kwok T. The Association of Circulating Amino Acids and Dietary Inflammatory Potential with Muscle Health in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older People. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122471. [PMID: 35745201 PMCID: PMC9229609 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) and dietary inflammatory potential play essential roles in muscle health. We examined the associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII) of habitual diet with serum AA profile, and ascertained if the associations between DII and muscle outcomes were mediated by serum AAs, in 2994 older Chinese community-dwelling men and women (mean age 72 years) in Hong Kong. Higher serum branched chain AAs (BCAAs), aromatic AAs and total glutathione (tGSH) were generally associated with better muscle status at baseline. A more pro-inflammatory diet, correlating with higher serum total homocysteine and cystathionine, was directly (90.2%) and indirectly (9.8%) through lower tGSH associated with 4-year decline in hand grip strength in men. Higher tGSH was associated with favorable 4-year changes in hand grip strength, gait speed and time needed for 5-time chair stands in men and 4-year change in muscle mass in women. Higher leucine and isoleucine were associated with decreased risk of sarcopenia in men; the associations were abolished after adjustment for BMI. In older men, perturbations in serum sulfur AAs metabolism may be biomarkers of DII related adverse muscle status, while the lower risk of sarcopenia with higher BCAAs may partly be due to preserved BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Helga Refsum
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2632-3128; Fax: +852-2637-3852
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14
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Functional Properties of Meat in Athletes’ Performance and Recovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095145. [PMID: 35564540 PMCID: PMC9102337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and sport play an essential role in promoting body development and maintaining optimal health status both in the short and long term. Despite the benefits, a long-lasting heavy training can promote several detrimental physiological changes, including transitory immune system malfunction, increased inflammation, and oxidative stress, which manifest as exercise-induced muscle damages (EIMDs). Meat and derived products represent a very good source of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Bioactive molecules represent dietary compounds that can interact with one or more components of live tissue, resulting in a wide range of possible health consequences such as immune-modulating, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, and antioxidative activities. The health benefits of meat have been well established and have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, although a growing number of studies found a significant positive effect of meat molecules on exercise performance and recovery of muscle function. Based on the limited research, meat could be an effective post-exercise food that results in favorable muscle protein synthesis and metabolic performance.
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15
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Gonçalves AC, Gaspar D, Flores-Félix JD, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Effects of Functional Phenolics Dietary Supplementation on Athletes' Performance and Recovery: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4652. [PMID: 35563043 PMCID: PMC9102074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify micronutrients or nutritional strategies capable of preventing, or at least, attenuating, exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress, and improving athlete performance. The reason is that most exercises induce various changes in mitochondria and cellular cytosol that lead to the generation of reactive species and free radicals whose accumulation can be harmful to human health. Among them, supplementation with phenolic compounds seems to be a promising approach since their chemical structure, composed of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups, gives them remarkable health-promoting properties, such as the ability to suppress inflammatory processes, counteract oxidative damage, boost the immune system, and thus, reduce muscle soreness and accelerate recovery. Phenolic compounds have also already been shown to be effective in improving temporal performance and reducing psychological stress and fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the effects of dietary phenolics on physical performance and recovery in athletes and sports practitioners. Overall, the reports show that phenolics exert important benefits on exercise-induced muscle damage as well as play a biological/physiological role in improving physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Dário Gaspar
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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16
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Xiao M, Lin L, Chen H, Ge X, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Li S, Pan Y, Liu B, Zeng F. Anti-fatigue property of the oyster polypeptide fraction and its effect on gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:8659-8669. [PMID: 32936195 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01713b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of the oyster polypeptide (OP) fraction and its regulatory effect on the gut microbiota in mice. Our exhaustive swimming experiment showed that the swimming time of the low-, middle- and high-dose groups of the OP fraction was increased by 1.82, 2.18 and 2.44 times compared with the control group, respectively. Besides, the liver glycogen levels of the three groups were increased by 19.3%, 42.02% and 65.07%, while the lactate levels were decreased by 18.85%, 21.18% and 28.74%, respectively. Moreover, administration of the OP fraction upregulated the expressions of PEPCK and AMPK, but downregulated the TNF-α expression. Correlation analysis between the gut microbiota and fatigue-related biochemical indicators showed that Faecalibacterium, Desulfovibri and Intestinibacter were negatively correlated with the swimming time, blood lactate, blood urea nitrogen, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen, while Yaniella and Romboutsia were positively correlated. Therefore, the OP fraction had anti-fatigue effects, and could regulate the abundance of gut microbiota and maintain its balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Xiao
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University) Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China and College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Luan Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University) Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China and College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Hongpei Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Zongping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University) Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China and College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Shiming Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Yuyang Pan
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Feng Zeng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University) Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China and College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
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17
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de Meeûs d’Argenteuil C, Boshuizen B, Oosterlinck M, van de Winkel D, De Spiegelaere W, de Bruijn CM, Goethals K, Vanderperren K, Delesalle CJG. Flexibility of equine bioenergetics and muscle plasticity in response to different types of training: An integrative approach, questioning existing paradigms. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249922. [PMID: 33848308 PMCID: PMC8043414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine bioenergetics have predominantly been studied focusing on glycogen and fatty acids. Combining omics with conventional techniques allows for an integrative approach to broadly explore and identify important biomolecules. Friesian horses were aquatrained (n = 5) or dry treadmill trained (n = 7) (8 weeks) and monitored for: evolution of muscle diameter in response to aquatraining and dry treadmill training, fiber type composition and fiber cross-sectional area of the M. pectoralis, M. vastus lateralis and M. semitendinosus and untargeted metabolomics of the M. pectoralis and M. vastus lateralis in response to dry treadmill training. Aquatraining was superior to dry treadmill training to increase muscle diameter in the hindquarters, with maximum effect after 4 weeks. After dry treadmill training, the M. pectoralis showed increased muscle diameter, more type I fibers, decreased fiber mean cross sectional area, and an upregulated oxidative metabolic profile: increased β-oxidation (key metabolites: decreased long chain fatty acids and increased long chain acylcarnitines), TCA activity (intermediates including succinyl-carnitine and 2-methylcitrate), amino acid metabolism (glutamine, aromatic amino acids, serine, urea cycle metabolites such as proline, arginine and ornithine) and xenobiotic metabolism (especially p-cresol glucuronide). The M. vastus lateralis expanded its fast twitch profile, with decreased muscle diameter, type I fibers and an upregulation of glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway activity, and increased branched-chain and aromatic amino acid metabolism (cis-urocanate, carnosine, homocarnosine, tyrosine, tryptophan, p-cresol-glucuronide, serine, methionine, cysteine, proline and ornithine). Trained Friesians showed increased collagen and elastin turn-over. Results show that branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids and microbiome-derived xenobiotics need further study in horses. They feed the TCA cycle at steps further downstream from acetyl CoA and most likely, they are oxidized in type IIA fibers, the predominant fiber type of the horse. These study results underline the importance of reviewing existing paradigms on equine bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance de Meeûs d’Argenteuil
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Berit Boshuizen
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Wolvega Equine Hospital, Oldeholtpade, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Oosterlinck
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Klara Goethals
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Research Group Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Cathérine John Ghislaine Delesalle
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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18
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Nishimura S, Aoi W, Kodani H, Kobayashi Y, Wada S, Kuwahata M, Higashi A. Polysorbate 80-induced leaky gut impairs skeletal muscle metabolism in mice. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14629. [PMID: 33113283 PMCID: PMC7592879 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired intestinal permeability can induce systemic inflammation and metabolic disturbance. However, the effect of impaired intestinal permeability on metabolic function in the skeletal muscle is unknown. Dietary polysorbate 80 (PS80), a common emulsifier, has been shown to impair intestinal permeability in mice. Here, we investigated the effect of PS80-induced intestinal permeability on glucose tolerance with metabolic signaling in the skeletal muscle. Male ICR mice were divided into control and PS80 groups. In the PS80 group, PS80 was contained in the drinking water at 1% (w/v). After 4 weeks, plasma fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) intensity was measured after orally administering FITC-dextran. Half of the mice in each group underwent running exercises. Metabolic and inflammatory parameters were examined in the blood and skeletal muscle. Plasma FITC and lipopolysaccharide levels were higher in the PS80 group than the control group (p < .01, p = .085). The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in the skeletal muscle was increased upon PS80 administration (p < .05). Although the homeostasis model assessment ratio was higher in the PS80-fed mice (p < .05), insulin-signaling activity in the muscle did not differ between groups. Muscular pH, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase activity, and glycogen content after exercise were lower in the PS80 group (p < .05) than the control group. There was a negative correlation between plasma FITC and muscle glycogen levels in the exercised groups (r = -.60, p < .05). These results suggest that daily PS80 intake induces intestinal permeability, leading to glucose intolerance and mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saho Nishimura
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
- Division of Nutrition ManagementOsaka University HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hinako Kodani
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yukiko Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Sayori Wada
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Akane Higashi
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
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19
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Kim DH, Jang JH, Kwon OS, Cha HJ, Youn HJ, Chun KS, Surh YJ. Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2-Induced Reductive Stress Favors Self-Renewal of Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells via the FoxO3a-Bmi-1 Axis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1313-1329. [PMID: 31672029 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims: A subpopulation of cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), has stemness properties, such as self-renewal and differentiation, which drive cancer recurrence and tumor resistance. CSCs possess enhanced protection capabilities to maintain reduced intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with nonstem-like cancer cells. This study investigated whether reductive stress could regulate self-renewal activity in breast CSCs. Results: We found that manifestation of stemness in breast cancer stem-like cells was associated with an elevated production of reduced glutathione (GSH) maintained by upregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and consequently, lowered ROS levels. This was accompanied by upregulation of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase, FoxO3a, and Bmi-1. Notably, expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) protein was substantially increased in cells undergoing sphere formation. We noticed that expression of Bmi-1 was inhibited after introduction of Nrf2 short interfering RNA into MCF-7 mammosphere cells. Silencing of Nrf2 expression suppressed the xenograft growth of subcutaneously or orthotopically injected human breast cancer cells. Innovation: Association between Nrf2 and self-renewal signaling in CSCs has been reported, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unresolved. This study demonstrates the Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway in maintenance of reductive stress in breast CSCs. Conclusion: Nrf2 overactivation in breast CSCs upregulates GCLC expression and consequently enhances GSH biosynthesis with concurrent reduction in intracellular ROS accumulation, thereby provoking the reductive stress. The consequent upregulation of nuclear FoxO3a and its binding to the promoter of the gene encoding Bmi-1 account for the self-renewal activity of breast cancer stem-like cells and their growth in a xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Jang
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Youn
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Nemati A, Alipanah-Moghadam R, Molazadeh L, Naghizadeh Baghi A. The Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 After Exhaustive Exercise. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:4215-4223. [PMID: 31849453 PMCID: PMC6912001 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s218606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in plasma and skeletal muscles and an important fuel for immune system cells. It has beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which may be considered as a potentially useful supplement for athletes. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation on oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 after exhaustive exercise in young healthy males. Materials and methods In this study, 30 healthy males (supplement =15 and control=15) were randomly assigned into two groups. The supplement group received 0.3 g/kg BW of glutamine along with 25 gr of sugar dissolved in 250 cc water per day. The control group received 25 gr of sugar in 250 cc water per day. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and at the end of 14 days of intervention. The participants underwent exercise until experiencing full-body exhaustive fatigue for 16 ± 2.84 mins, and then fasting blood samples were taken. Serum levels of TAC, MDA, MMP2, MMP9, glutathione, and hs-CRP were measured. Results Serum levels of MDA and hs-CRP significantly decreased in the supplement group (p< 0.05). The serum level of TAC significantly increased in the supplement group (p< 0.05). Glutathione serum levels significantly increased after exhaustive exercise (p< 0.05). Serum levels of MMP2 and MMP9 remained unchanged. Conclusion Results of this study showed that, some biochemical factors are time-dependent and can increase or decrease over time, as well as, serum levels of hs-CRP and MDA decreased with glutamine supplementation along with the increase in the TAC serum levels, but this supplementation had no effect on serum levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in exhaustive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nemati
- Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Alipanah-Moghadam
- Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Leila Molazadeh
- Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ardabil, Iran
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21
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Takami M, Aoi W, Terajima H, Tanimura Y, Wada S, Higashi A. Effect of dietary antioxidant-rich foods combined with aerobic training on energy metabolism in healthy young men. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 64:79-85. [PMID: 30705516 PMCID: PMC6348409 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although supplementation with several antioxidants has been suggested to improve aerobic metabolism during exercise, whether dietary foods containing such antioxidants can exert the metabolic modulation is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intake of the specific antioxidant-rich foods coupled with exercise training on energy metabolism. Twenty young healthy, untrained men were assigned to antioxidant and control groups: participants in the antioxidant group were encouraged to consume foods containing catechin, astaxanthin, quercetin, glutathione, and anthocyanin. All participants performed cycle training at 60% maximum oxygen consumption for 30 min, 3 days per week for 4 weeks. Maximum work load was significantly increased by training in both groups, while oxygen consumption during exercise was significantly increased in the antioxidant group only. There were positive correlations between maximum work load and fat/carbohydrate oxidations in the antioxidant group. Carbohydrate oxidation during rest was significantly higher in the post-training than that in the pre-training only in the antioxidant group. More decreased levels of serum insulin and HOMA-IR after training were observed in the antioxidant group than in the control group. This study suggests that specific antioxidant-rich foods could modulate training-induced aerobic metabolism of carbohydrate and fat during rest and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Takami
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Hitomi Terajima
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yuko Tanimura
- Faculty of Human Health, Aichi-Toho University, 3-11 Heiwagaoka, Meito-ku, Nagoya 465-8515, Japan
| | - Sayori Wada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Akane Higashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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22
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Yamada H, Ono S, Wada S, Aoi W, Park EY, Nakamura Y, Sato K. Statuses of food-derived glutathione in intestine, blood, and liver of rat. NPJ Sci Food 2018; 2:3. [PMID: 31304253 PMCID: PMC6550177 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-018-0011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of glutathione has been demonstrated to reduce exercise-induced fatigue and improve liver function, although glutathione can be synthesized in the liver. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of this effect. To address this, the status of food-derived glutathione in the intestine, blood, and liver was examined. Glutathione-1-13C or N-acetyl-cysteine-1-13C (NAC) was orally administered to rats (50 mg/kg). Food-derived glutathione contents within tissues were estimated by subtracting endogenous glutathione-1-13C from the total glutathione-1-13C. Food-derived glutathione was present in rat intestines and livers (approximately 60 and 300 μmol/kg, respectively, 120 min after ingestion) in electrochemically reduced form, while all food-derived glutathione in the blood plasma was conjugated with proteins and low-molecular-weight thiol compounds. However, no significant amounts of NAC-derived glutathione were detected in the blood plasma. These findings indicate that food-derived glutathione is directly absorbed in its electrochemically reduced form in the intestine, is then transported in the blood in bound forms, and is finally deposited into the liver in reduced form. Therefore, upon entering the bloodstream, food-derived glutathione binds to thiol compounds and releases hydrogen atom; subsequently, it does the reverse upon incorporation into the liver, which might impact the physiological redox condition. With respect to food-derived glutathione and cysteine-containing peptides, this study provides new insights on their modes of transportation and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yamada
- 1Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kyoto, 606 8502 Japan
| | - Shinn Ono
- 2College of Bioscience and Chemistry, Kanazawa Institute for Technology, Yatsukaho 3-1, Hakusann, 924 0838 Japan
| | - Sayori Wada
- 3Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Hangi-cho Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606 8522 Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- 3Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Hangi-cho Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606 8522 Japan
| | - Eun Young Park
- 3Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Hangi-cho Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606 8522 Japan.,4Present Address: Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea Christian University, 47, Kkachisan-ro 24-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07661 Korea
| | - Yasushi Nakamura
- 3Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Hangi-cho Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606 8522 Japan
| | - Kenji Sato
- 1Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Kyoto, 606 8502 Japan
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23
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Honda Y, Kessoku T, Sumida Y, Kobayashi T, Kato T, Ogawa Y, Tomeno W, Imajo K, Fujita K, Yoneda M, Kataoka K, Taguri M, Yamanaka T, Seko Y, Tanaka S, Saito S, Ono M, Oeda S, Eguchi Y, Aoi W, Sato K, Itoh Y, Nakajima A. Efficacy of glutathione for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, pilot study. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:96. [PMID: 28789631 PMCID: PMC5549431 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutathione plays crucial roles in the detoxification and antioxidant systems of cells and has been used to treat acute poisoning and chronic liver diseases by intravenous injection. This is a first study examining the therapeutic effects of oral administration of glutathione in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods The study was an open label, single arm, multicenter, pilot trial. Thirty-four NAFLD patients diagnosed using ultrasonography were prospectively evaluated. All patients first underwent intervention to improve their lifestyle habits (diet and exercise) for 3 months, followed by treatment with glutathione (300 mg/day) for 4 months. We evaluated their clinical parameters before and after glutathione treatment. We also quantified liver fat and fibrosis using vibration-controlled transient elastography. The primary outcome of the study was the change in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Results Twenty-nine patients finished the protocol. ALT levels significantly decreased following treatment with glutathione for 4 months. In addition, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and ferritin levels also decreased with glutathione treatment. Following dichotomization of ALT responders based on a median 12.9% decrease from baseline, we found that ALT responders were younger in age and did not have severe diabetes compared with ALT non-responders. The controlled attenuation parameter also decreased in ALT responders. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates the potential therapeutic effects of oral administration of glutathione in practical dose for patients with NAFLD. Large-scale clinical trials are needed to verify its efficacy. Trial registration UMIN000011118 (date of registration: July 4, 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wataru Tomeno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koshi Kataoka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saiyu Tanaka
- Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sato
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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24
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Sánchez-Duarte E, Trujillo X, Cortés-Rojo C, Saavedra-Molina A, Camargo G, Hernández L, Huerta M, Montoya-Pérez R. Nicorandil improves post-fatigue tension in slow skeletal muscle fibers by modulating glutathione redox state. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:159-170. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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A Abdel-Rahman E, Mahmoud AM, Khalifa AM, Ali SS. Physiological and pathophysiological reactive oxygen species as probed by EPR spectroscopy: the underutilized research window on muscle ageing. J Physiol 2016; 594:4591-613. [PMID: 26801204 DOI: 10.1113/jp271471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) play crucial roles in triggering, mediating and regulating physiological and pathophysiological signal transduction pathways within the cell. Within the cell, ROS efflux is firmly controlled both spatially and temporally, making the study of ROS dynamics a challenging task. Different approaches have been developed for ROS assessment; however, many of these assays are not capable of direct identification or determination of subcellular localization of different ROS. Here we highlight electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as a powerful technique that is uniquely capable of addressing questions on ROS dynamics in different biological specimens and cellular compartments. Due to their critical importance in muscle functions and dysfunction, we discuss in some detail spin trapping of various ROS and focus on EPR detection of nitric oxide before highlighting how EPR can be utilized to probe biophysical characteristics of the environment surrounding a given stable radical. Despite the demonstrated ability of EPR spectroscopy to provide unique information on the identity, quantity, dynamics and environment of radical species, its applications in the field of muscle physiology, fatiguing and ageing are disproportionately infrequent. While reviewing the limited examples of successful EPR applications in muscle biology we conclude that the field would greatly benefit from more studies exploring ROS sources and kinetics by spin trapping, protein dynamics by site-directed spin labelling, and membrane dynamics and global redox changes by spin probing EPR approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy A Abdel-Rahman
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali M Mahmoud
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman M Khalifa
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sameh S Ali
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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26
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Petrosino JM, Heiss VJ, Maurya SK, Kalyanasundaram A, Periasamy M, LaFountain RA, Wilson JM, Simonetti OP, Ziouzenkova O. Graded Maximal Exercise Testing to Assess Mouse Cardio-Metabolic Phenotypes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148010. [PMID: 26859763 PMCID: PMC4747552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional assessments of cardiovascular fitness (CVF) are needed to establish animal models of dysfunction, test the effects of novel therapeutics, and establish the cardio-metabolic phenotype of mice. In humans, the graded maximal exercise test (GXT) is a standardized diagnostic for assessing CVF and mortality risk. These tests, which consist of concurrent staged increases in running speed and inclination, provide diagnostic cardio-metabolic parameters, such as, VO2max, anaerobic threshold, and metabolic crossover. Unlike the human-GXT, published mouse treadmill tests have set, not staged, increases in inclination as speed progress until exhaustion (PXT). Additionally, they often lack multiple cardio-metabolic parameters. Here, we developed a mouse-GXT with the intent of improving mouse-exercise testing sensitivity and developing translatable parameters to assess CVF in healthy and dysfunctional mice. The mouse-GXT, like the human-GXT, incorporated staged increases in inclination, speed, and intensity; and, was designed by considering imitations of the PXT and differences between human and mouse physiology. The mouse-GXT and PXTs were both tested in healthy mice (C57BL/6J, FVBN/J) to determine their ability to identify cardio-metabolic parameters (anaerobic threshold, VO2max, metabolic crossover) observed in human-GXTs. Next, theses assays were tested on established diet-induced (obese-C57BL/6J) and genetic (cardiac isoform Casq2-/-) models of cardiovascular dysfunction. Results showed that both tests reported VO2max and provided reproducible data about performance. Only the mouse-GXT reproducibly identified anaerobic threshold, metabolic crossover, and detected impaired CVF in dysfunctional models. Our findings demonstrated that the mouse-GXT is a sensitive, non-invasive, and cost-effective method for assessing CVF in mice. This new test can be used as a functional assessment to determine the cardio-metabolic phenotype of various animal models or the effects of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Petrosino
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, College of Education & Human Ecology, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Program, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Valerie J. Heiss
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, College of Education & Human Ecology, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Santosh K. Maurya
- Cardiovascular Pathobiology Program, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orland, Florida, United States of America
| | - Anuradha Kalyanasundaram
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Cardiovascular Pathobiology Program, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orland, Florida, United States of America
| | - Richard A. LaFountain
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, College of Education & Human Ecology, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jacob M. Wilson
- Department of Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Orlando P. Simonetti
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, College of Education & Human Ecology, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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