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Na HJ, Kwon JE, Kim SH, Ahn J, Kwon OS, Chung KS. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Organoids: A Viable Platform for Investigating the Efficacy of Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy. Int J Stem Cells 2024:ijsc23071. [PMID: 38246658 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy, efficacy and toxicity screening have become essential for developing gene therapeutic drugs for retinal diseases. Retinal organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a more accessible and reproducible human test platform for evaluating AAV-based gene therapy. In this study, hPSCs were differentiated into retinal organoids composed of various types of retinal cells. The transduction efficiencies of AAV2 and AAV8, which are widely used in clinical trials of inherited retinal diseases, were analyzed using retinal organoids. These results suggest that retinal organoids derived from hPSCs serve as suitable screening platforms owing to their diverse retinal cell types and similarity to the human retina. In summary, we propose an optimal stepwise protocol that includes the generation of retinal organoids and analysis of AAV transduction efficacy, providing a comprehensive approach for evaluating AAV-based gene therapy for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jin Na
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Kwon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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2
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Lee HJ, Mun SJ, Jung CR, Kang HM, Kwon JE, Ryu JS, Ahn HS, Kwon OS, Ahn J, Moon KS, Son MJ, Chung KS. In vitro modeling of liver fibrosis with 3D co-culture system using a novel human hepatic stellate cell line. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1241-1253. [PMID: 36639871 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play an important role in liver fibrosis; however, owing to the heterogeneity and limited supply of primary HSCs, the development of in vitro liver fibrosis models has been impeded. In this study, we established and characterized a novel human HSC line (LSC-1), and applied it to various types of three-dimensional (3D) co-culture systems with differentiated HepaRG cells. Furthermore, we compared LSC-1 with a commercially available HSC line on conventional monolayer culture. LSC-1 exhibited an overall upregulation of the expression of fibrogenic genes along with increased levels of matrix and adhesion proteins, suggesting a myofibroblast-like or transdifferentiated state. However, activated states reverted to a quiescent-like phenotype when cultured in different 3D culture formats with a relatively soft microenvironment. Additionally, LSC-1 exerted an overall positive effect on co-cultured differentiated HepaRG, which significantly increased hepatic functionality upon long-term cultivation compared with that achieved with other HSC line. In 3D spheroid culture, LSC-1 exhibited enhanced responsiveness to transforming growth factor beta 1 exposure that is caused by a different matrix-related protein expression mechanism. Therefore, the LSC-1 line developed in this study provides a reliable candidate model that can be used to address unmet needs, such as development of antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Joon Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Ju Mun
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kang
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Kwon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Ryu
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Moon
- General and Applied Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kwon OS, Na HJ, Ahn J, Chung KS. Establishment of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line, KRIBBi006-A, from peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from a healthy male donor. Stem Cell Res 2022; 65:102950. [PMID: 36283271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the advantage of being able to be extracted by a minimally invasive method, blood is regarded as a suitable cell source for reprogramming to establish induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Therefore, iPSCs established from patient derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is widely used to develop disease modeling to elucidate disease development. Here, PBMCs from a healthy man were reprogrammed into iPSCs using the Sendai virus. The established iPSC line, KRIBBi006-A, exhibit pluripotency marker and can differentiate into the three germ layers in vitro with normal karyotype. This iPSC line is a valuable resource as a control line for stem cell research of disease models and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Seon Kwon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Jin Na
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseon-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseon-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Kim D, Yu HT, Kwon OS, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Joung B, Lee MH, Pak HN. Effect of the epicardial fat volume on the outcomes after a left atrial posterior wall isolation in addition to pulmonary vein isolation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
While the effect of a circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) alone is unsatisfactory, that of an additional electrical posterior wall box isolation (POBI) is controversial in persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) patients. Increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with higher recurrence rates after AF catheter ablation (AFCA).
Purpose
We investigated the possible effects of a POBI on rhythm outcomes with varying EAT volumes.
Methods
We included 1,187 patients with PeAF undergoing a de novo AFCA (79.6% male, median age 60 years) into two groups including those receiving a CPVI alone (n=687) and those an additional POBI (n=500). The rhythm outcomes at two years post-AFCA were compared in subgroups stratified by the total EAT volume using propensity overlap weighting.
Results
A reduced total EAT volume was linearly associated with more favorable rhythm outcomes for an additional POBI treatment than for a CPVI alone (P for interaction=0.002). Among the patients with smaller EAT volumes (≤116.23 ml, the median value, n=594), an additional POBI was associated with a reduced AF recurrence risk as compared to a CPVI only (weighted hazard ratio [HR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.99; weighted log-rank P=0.039). In contrast, among the remaining 593 patients with greater EAT volumes (>116.2 3mL), there was no difference in the AF recurrence risk between an additional POBI and CPVI alone (weighted HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.84–1.52; weighted log-rank P=0.410). Among 185 patients with a repeat ablation, the POBI reconnection rate tended to be higher in the large EAT group (75.0%) than small EAT group (55.4%, P=0.060).
Conclusion
While PeAF patients with a smaller EAT volume averted AF recurrence by an additional POBI after the CPVI, no benefit of the POBI was observed in those with a greater EAT volume. The EAT volume might identify AF patients likely to benefit from linear ablation in addition to the CPVI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Korean Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP)Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H T Yu
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - O S Kwon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - T H Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Uhm
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Park JW, Kwon OS, Shim JM, Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Kim JY, Choi JI, Joung BY, Lee MH, Kim YH, Pak HN. Artificial intelligence-predicted poor responders to catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Although atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation is effective for rhythm control, in some patients it is hard to maintain sinus rhythm in spite of repeated AF catheter ablation (AFCA) procedures and anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs). We explored the pre-procedural predictors for poor responders to AFCA and tested whether artificial intelligence (AI) assists the prediction of poor responders in the independent cohort by determining the invasive parameters.
Methods
Among 1,214 patients who underwent AFCA and regular rhythm follow-up for 56.2 ± 33.8 months (59 ± 11 years, 73.5% male, 68.6% paroxysmal AF), we differentiated 92 poor responders defined as those with sustained AF despite repeat AFCAs, AADs, or electrical cardioversion. Using the Youden index, we identified advanced LA remodeling with lower LA voltage under 1.109mV. AI model, which was derived from development cohort using medical record, was applied to predict LA voltage <1.109mV in the independent cohort (n = 634, poor responders = 24) using a grad-cam score.
Results
The patients with lower LA voltage under 1.109mV showed significantly poorer rhythm outcomes (Log-rank p < 0.001). We determined invasive parameter LA voltage by using the multiple variables (age, female sex, AF type, CHA2DS2VASc score, LA dimension, E/em, hemoglobin, PR interval) and achieved relatively good prediction power of AI for LA voltage <1.109mV (AUC = 0.734, sensitivity 0.729, specificity 0.643) in the test cohort. In the independent cohort, the AI model showed good discrimination power for poor responders (AUC 0.751, p < 0.001) by estimating LA voltage, which is an invasive variable. The patients with predicted lower LA voltage (grad-cam score <0) showed poorer rhythm outcome after active rhythm control (Log-rank p < 0.001)
Conclusions
The patients with advanced atrial remodeling with low LA voltage, which can be predicted by an AI, showed significantly higher recurrence of AF after AFCA with AADs or cardioversion. AI may assist to select these poor responder patients before the AFCA procedure. Abstract Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- JW Park
- Yonsei University Health system, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - OS Kwon
- Yonsei University Health system, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - JM Shim
- Korea University, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - HT Yu
- Yonsei University Health system, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - TH Kim
- Yonsei University Health system, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - JS Uhm
- Yonsei University Health system, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - JY Kim
- Yonsei University Health system, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - JI Choi
- Korea University, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - BY Joung
- Yonsei University Health system, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - MH Lee
- Yonsei University Health system, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - YH Kim
- Korea University, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - HN Pak
- Yonsei University Health system, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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6
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Lee J, Kwon OS, Lee JS, Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Joung BY, Lee MH, Pak HN. Left atrial wall stress and the outcome of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: artificial intelligence-based prediction of clinical outcome. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background/Introduction: Left atrial (LA) wall stress (LAW-str) may contribute to the mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF).
Purpose
We explored the clinical characteristics and the rhythm outcome of AF depending on LAW-str among the patients who underwent AF catheter ablation (AFCA). We also tested whether artificial intelligence (AI) properly estimate LAW-str without invasive parameters.
Methods
We included 2223 patients (72.8% male, 59.0 [52.0–67.0] years old, 28.7% with persistent AF [PeAF]) who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). LAW-str was calculated by the Law of Laplace using LA diameter (echocardiogram), peak LA pressure, and mean LA wall thickness (computed tomography) measured by customized software. Based on the quartile (Q1–4) or AI-estimated values of LAW-str, we compared clinical characteristics and rhythm outcome.
Results
LAW-str was independently associated with PeAF (p < 0.001), diabetes (p = 0.012) and vascular disease (p = 0.002), body mass index (p < 0.001), E/Em (p < 0.001), and mean LA voltage (p < 0.001). During 26.0 (12.0–52.0) months follow-up, clinical recurrence of AF was significantly higher in the Q4 of LAW-str group (log rank p = 0.001). LAW-str was independently associated with clinical recurrence after AFCA (HR 1.001 [1.000–1.002], p = 0.013). AI-based model using non-invasive parameters predicted Q4 of LAW-str with area under the curve (AUC) 0.734, which was similar to logistic regression based predictive model using all data including invasive parameters (AUC 0.726). Patients in Q4 of LAW-str showed consistently worse rhythm outcome regardless of the type of AF, sex, or AI-based prediction (p = 0.039).
Conclusions
The LAW-str seems to be associated with rhythm outcome of AFCA and AI can predict this complex parameter with moderate accuracy. TableMultivariateβ (95% CI)PPersistent AF31.08 (21.77-40.39)<0.001Diabetes mellitus15.36 (3.35-27.38)0.012Vascular disease22.27 (8.4-36.14)0.002Body mass index2.91 (1.53-4.29)<0.001E/Em4.95 (3.87-6.02)<0.001Mean LA voltage-22.24 (-27.96–16.52)<0.001Linear regression analysis for clinical variables predictive of LA wall stress (10^3 dyn/cm2).Abstract Figure. AF recurrence by LAW-str, AI-prediction
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - OS Kwon
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - JS Lee
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - HT Yu
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - TH Kim
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - JS Uhm
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - BY Joung
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - MH Lee
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - HN Pak
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Kwon OS, Lee H, Kong HJ, Kwon EJ, Park JE, Lee W, Kang S, Kim M, Kim W, Cha HJ. Correction to: Connectivity map-based drug repositioning of bortezomib to reverse the metastatic effect of GALNT14 in lung cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:1921. [PMID: 33574481 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Seon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.,Intellectual Information Team, Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joon Kong
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Kang
- KaiPharm, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirang Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Kong HJ, Kwon EJ, Kwon OS, Lee H, Choi JY, Kim YJ, Kim W, Cha HJ. Crosstalk between YAP and TGFβ regulates SERPINE1 expression in mesenchymal lung cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2020; 58:111-121. [PMID: 33367928 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1), a serine proteinase inhibitor, serves as an important regulator of extracellular matrix remodeling. Emerging evidence suggests that SERPINE1 has diverse roles in cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. However, the mechanism via which SERPINE1 is induced in cancer has not been fully determined. In order to examine the molecular mechanism of SERPINE1 expression, the present study took advantage of the isogenic pair of lung cancer cells with epithelial or mesenchymal features. Using genetic perturbation and following biochemical analysis, the present study demonstrated that SERPINE1 expression was upregulated in mesenchymal lung cancer cells and promoted cellular invasiveness. Yes‑associated protein (YAP)‑dependent SERPINE1 expression was modulated by treatment with a Rho‑associated protein kinase inhibitor, Y27632. Moreover, TGFβ treatment supported YAP‑dependent SERPINE1 expression, and an enhanced TGFβ response in mesenchymal lung cancer cells promoted SERPINE1 expression. TGFβ‑mediated SERPINE1 expression was significantly attenuated by knockdown of YAP or transcriptional co‑activator with PDZ‑binding motif, suggesting that crosstalk between the TGFβ and YAP pathways underlies SERPINE1 expression in mesenchymal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Joon Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305‑806, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Intellectual Information Team, Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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9
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Kwon OS, Kwon EJ, Kong HJ, Choi JY, Kim YJ, Lee EW, Kim W, Lee H, Cha HJ. Systematic identification of a nuclear receptor-enriched predictive signature for erastin-induced ferroptosis. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101719. [PMID: 32979793 PMCID: PMC7519368 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erastin, a synthetic lethal compound against cancer expressing an oncogenic RAS, inhibits cystine/glutamate antiporters and causes ferroptosis. However, despite recent evidence for the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, molecular biomarkers of erastin-dependent ferroptosis have not been identified. Here, we employed isogenic lung cancer cell models to show that a redox imbalance leads to glutathione depletion and ferroptosis. Subsequent transcriptome analysis of pan-cancer cell lines revealed that the activity of transcription factors, including NRF2 and AhR, serve as important markers of erastin resistance. Based on the integrated expression of genes in the nuclear receptor meta-pathway (NRM), we constructed an NRM model and validated its robustness using an independent pharmacogenomics dataset. The NRM model was further evaluated by sensitivity tests on nine cancer cell lines for which erastin sensitivities had not been determined. Our pharmacogenomics approach has the potential to pave the way for the efficient classification of patients for therapeutic intervention using erastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Seon Kwon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joon Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Kim KT, Park JC, Jang HK, Lee H, Park S, Kim J, Kwon OS, Go YH, Jin Y, Kim W, Lee J, Bae S, Cha HJ. Safe scarless cassette-free selection of genome-edited human pluripotent stem cells using temporary drug resistance. Biomaterials 2020; 262:120295. [PMID: 32916603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An efficient gene-editing technique for use in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has great potential value in regenerative medicine, as well as in drug discovery based on isogenic human disease models. However, the extremely low efficiency of gene editing in hPSCs remains as a major technical hurdle. Previously, we demonstrated that YM155, a survivin inhibitor developed as an anti-cancer drug, induces highly selective cell death in undifferentiated hPSCs. In this study, we demonstrated that the high cytotoxicity of YM155 in hPSCs, which is mediated by selective cellular uptake of the drug, is due to the high expression of SLC35F2 in these cells. Knockout of SLC35F2 with CRISPR-Cas9, or depletion with siRNAs, made the hPSCs highly resistant to YM155. Simultaneous editing of a gene of interest and transient knockdown of SLC35F2 following YM155 treatment enabled the survival of genome-edited hPSCs as a result of temporary YM155 resistance, thereby achieving an enriched selection of clonal populations with gene knockout or knock-in. This precise and efficient genome editing approach took as little as 3 weeks and required no cell sorting or the introduction of additional genes, to be a more feasible approach for gene editing in hPSCs due to its simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ki Jang
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Division of Molecular & Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seokwoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jumee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Go
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Division of Molecular & Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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11
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Kim DH, Jang JH, Kwon OS, Cha HJ, Youn HJ, Chun KS, Surh YJ. Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2-Induced Reductive Stress Favors Self-Renewal of Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells via the FoxO3a-Bmi-1 Axis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1313-1329. [PMID: 31672029 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims: A subpopulation of cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), has stemness properties, such as self-renewal and differentiation, which drive cancer recurrence and tumor resistance. CSCs possess enhanced protection capabilities to maintain reduced intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with nonstem-like cancer cells. This study investigated whether reductive stress could regulate self-renewal activity in breast CSCs. Results: We found that manifestation of stemness in breast cancer stem-like cells was associated with an elevated production of reduced glutathione (GSH) maintained by upregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and consequently, lowered ROS levels. This was accompanied by upregulation of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase, FoxO3a, and Bmi-1. Notably, expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) protein was substantially increased in cells undergoing sphere formation. We noticed that expression of Bmi-1 was inhibited after introduction of Nrf2 short interfering RNA into MCF-7 mammosphere cells. Silencing of Nrf2 expression suppressed the xenograft growth of subcutaneously or orthotopically injected human breast cancer cells. Innovation: Association between Nrf2 and self-renewal signaling in CSCs has been reported, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unresolved. This study demonstrates the Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway in maintenance of reductive stress in breast CSCs. Conclusion: Nrf2 overactivation in breast CSCs upregulates GCLC expression and consequently enhances GSH biosynthesis with concurrent reduction in intracellular ROS accumulation, thereby provoking the reductive stress. The consequent upregulation of nuclear FoxO3a and its binding to the promoter of the gene encoding Bmi-1 account for the self-renewal activity of breast cancer stem-like cells and their growth in a xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Jang
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Youn
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Abstract
Cell migration, an essential process for normal cell development and cancer metastasis, differs from a simple random walk: the mean-square displacement (〈(Δr)2(t)〉) of cells sometimes shows non-Fickian behavior, and the spatiotemporal correlation function (G(r, t)) of cells is often non-Gaussian. We find that this intriguing cell migration should be attributed to heterogeneity in a cell population, even one with a homogeneous genetic background. There are two limiting types of heterogeneity in a cell population: cellular heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity. Cellular heterogeneity accounts for the cell-to-cell variation in migration capacity, while temporal heterogeneity arises from the temporal noise in the migration capacity of single cells. We illustrate that both cellular and temporal heterogeneity need to be taken into account simultaneously to elucidate cell migration. We investigate the two-dimensional migration of A549 lung cancer cells using time-lapse microscopy and find that the migration of A549 cells is Fickian but has a non-Gaussian spatiotemporal correlation. We find that when a theoretical model considers both cellular and temporal heterogeneity, the model reproduces all of the anomalous behaviors of cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Lee H, Kwon OS, Kim W, Cha HJ. Abstract 3799: Large-scale pharmacogenomics based drug discovery for ITGB3 dependent chemoresistance in mesenchymal lung cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Even when targets responsible for chemoresistance are identified, drug development is often hampered due to the poor druggability of these proteins. We systematically analyzed therapy-resistance with a large-scale cancer cell transcriptome and drug-response datasets and predicted the candidate drugs based on the gene expression profile. Our results implicated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a common mechanism underlying resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Notably, we identified ITGB3, whose expression was abundant in both drug resistance and mesenchymal status, as a promising target to overcome chemoresistance. We also confirmed that depletion of ITGB3 sensitized cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Considering the poor druggability of ITGB3 and the lack of feasible drugs to directly inhibit this protein, we took an in silico screening for drugs mimicking the transcriptome-level changes caused by knockdown of ITGB3. This approach successfully identified atorvastatin as a novel candidate for drug repurposing, paving an alternative path to drug screening that is applicable to undruggable targets.
Citation Format: Haeseung Lee, Ok-Seon Kwon, Wankyu Kim, Hyuk-Jin Cha. Large-scale pharmacogenomics based drug discovery for ITGB3 dependent chemoresistance in mesenchymal lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeseung Lee
- 1Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- 2Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- 1Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- 2Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kwon OS, Lee H, Kim W, Cha HJ. Abstract 2002: Computational drug repositioning identifies bortezomib as a novel metastatic inhibitor of lung cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although many molecular targets for cancer therapy have been discovered, they often show poor druggability, which is a major obstacle to develop targeted drugs. As an alternative route to drug discovery, we adopted an in silicodrug repositioning (in silicoDR) approach based on large-scale gene expression signatures, with the goal of identifying inhibitors of lung cancer metastasis. Our analysis of clinicogenomic data identified GALNT14, an enzyme involved in O-linked N-acetyl galactosamine glycosylation, as a putative driver of lung cancer metastasis leading to poor survival. To overcome the poor druggability of GALNT14, we leveraged Connectivity Map approach, an in silicoscreening for drugs that are likely to revert the metastatic expression patterns. It leads to identification of bortezomib (BTZ) as a potent metastatic inhibitor, bypassing direct inhibition of poorly druggable target, GALNT14. The anti-metastatic effect of BTZ was verified in vitroand in vivo. Notably, both BTZ treatment and GALNT14knockdown attenuated TGFβ-mediated gene expression and suppressed TGFβ-dependent metastatic genes, suggesting that BTZ acts by modulating TGFβsignaling. Taken together, these results demonstrate that our in silicoDR approach is a viable strategy to identify a candidate drug for undruggable targets, and to uncover its underlying mechanisms.
Citation Format: Ok-Seon Kwon, Haeseung Lee, Wankyu Kim, Hyuk-Jin Cha. Computational drug repositioning identifies bortezomib as a novel metastatic inhibitor of lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Seon Kwon
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- 2Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- 2Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- 1Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Go YH, Lim C, Jeong HC, Kwon OS, Chung S, Lee H, Kim W, Suh YG, Son WS, Lee MO, Cha HJ, Kim SH. Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of YM155 for Inducing Selective Cell Death of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Chem 2019; 7:298. [PMID: 31157201 PMCID: PMC6532689 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great potential for regenerative medicine, the high tumorigenic potential of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to form undesirable teratoma is an important technical hurdle preventing safe cell therapy. Various small molecules that induce the complete elimination of undifferentiated hPSCs, referred to as "stemotoxics," have been developed to facilitate tumor-free cell therapy, including the Survivin inhibitor YM155. In the present work, based on the chemical structure of YM155, total 26 analogs were synthesized and tested for stemotoxic activity toward human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced PSCs (iPSCs). We found that a hydrogen bond acceptor in the pyrazine ring of YM155 derivatives is critical for stemotoxic activity, which is completely lost in hESCs lacking SLC35F2, which encodes a solute carrier protein. These results suggest that hydrogen bonding interactions between the nitrogens of the pyrazine ring and the SLC35F2 protein are critical for entry of YM155 into hPSCs, and hence stemotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyun Go
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changjin Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pochen-si, South Korea
| | - Ho-Chang Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sungkyun Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pochen-si, South Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pochen-si, South Korea
| | - Woo Sung Son
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pochen-si, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pochen-si, South Korea
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16
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Hong SK, Lee H, Kwon OS, Song NY, Lee HJ, Kang S, Kim JH, Kim M, Kim W, Cha HJ. Large-scale pharmacogenomics based drug discovery for ITGB3 dependent chemoresistance in mesenchymal lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:175. [PMID: 30563517 PMCID: PMC6299529 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Even when targets responsible for chemoresistance are identified, drug development is often hampered due to the poor druggability of these proteins. We systematically analyzed therapy-resistance with a large-scale cancer cell transcriptome and drug-response datasets and predicted the candidate drugs based on the gene expression profile. Our results implicated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a common mechanism underlying resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Notably, we identified ITGB3, whose expression was abundant in both drug resistance and mesenchymal status, as a promising target to overcome chemoresistance. We also confirmed that depletion of ITGB3 sensitized cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Considering the poor druggability of ITGB3 and the lack of feasible drugs to directly inhibit this protein, we took an in silico screening for drugs mimicking the transcriptome-level changes caused by knockdown of ITGB3. This approach successfully identified atorvastatin as a novel candidate for drug repurposing, paving an alternative path to drug screening that is applicable to undruggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Ki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Lee
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirang Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Go YH, Lee HJ, Kong HJ, Jeong HC, Lee DY, Hong SK, Sung SH, Kwon OS, Cha HJ. Screening of cytotoxic or cytostatic flavonoids with quantitative Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicator-based cell cycle assay. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:181303. [PMID: 30662739 PMCID: PMC6304118 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicator (FUCCI) system can be used not only to study gene expression at a specific cell cycle stage, but also to monitor cell cycle transitions in real time. In this study, we used a single clone of FUCCI-expressing HeLa cells (FUCCI-HeLa cells) and monitored the cell cycle in individual live cells over time by determining the ratios between red fluorescence (RF) of RFP-Cdt1 and green fluorescence (GF) of GFP-Geminin. Cytotoxic and cytostatic compounds, the latter of which induced G2 or mitotic arrest, were identified based on periodic cycling of the RF/GF and GF/RF ratios in FUCCI-HeLa cells treated with anti-cancer drugs. With this cell cycle monitoring system, ten flavonoids were screened. Of these, apigenin and luteolin, which have a flavone backbone, were cytotoxic, whereas kaempferol, which has a flavonol backbone, was cytostatic and induced G2 arrest. In summary, we developed a system to quantitatively monitor the cell cycle in real time. This system can be used to identify novel compounds that modulate the cell cycle and to investigate structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyun Go
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Lee
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Joon Kong
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chang Jeong
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Cho SJ, Kim KT, Jeong HC, Park JC, Kwon OS, Song YH, Shin JG, Kang S, Kim W, Shin HD, Lee MO, Moon SH, Cha HJ. Selective Elimination of Culture-Adapted Human Embryonic Stem Cells with BH3 Mimetics. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1244-1256. [PMID: 30293852 PMCID: PMC6235677 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective survival advantage of culture-adapted human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is a serious safety concern for their clinical application. With a set of hESCs with various passage numbers, we observed that a subpopulation of hESCs at late passage numbers was highly resistant to various cell death stimuli, such as YM155, a survivin inhibitor. Transcriptome analysis from YM155-sensitive (YM155S) and YM155-resistant (YM155R) hESCs demonstrated that BCL2L1 was highly expressed in YM155R hESCs. By matching the gene signature of YM155R hESCs with the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal dataset, BH3 mimetics were predicted to selectively ablate these cells. Indeed, short-course treatment with a sub-optimal dose of BH3 mimetics induced the spontaneous death of YM155R, but not YM155S hESCs by disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential. YM155S hESCs remained pluripotent following BH3 mimetics treatment. Therefore, the use of BH3 mimetics is a promising strategy to specifically eliminate hESCs with a selective survival advantage. Culture-adapted hESCs against YM155/genotoxic agents mediated by high BCL-xL expression Selective cell death of culture-adapted hPSCs by BH3 mimetics Pluripotency maintenance of normal hESCs after exposure to BH3 mimetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chang Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Chan Park
- School of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Song
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Gon Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Kang
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Division of Molecular & Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Division of Molecular & Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- School of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Cho SJ, Kim KT, Kim JS, Kwon OS, Go YH, Kang NY, Heo H, Kim MR, Han DW, Moon SH, Chang YT, Cha HJ. A fluorescent chemical probe CDy9 selectively stains and enables the isolation of live naïve mouse embryonic stem cells. Biomaterials 2018; 180:12-23. [PMID: 30014963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human and mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differ in terms of their pluripotency status, i.e., naïve vs. primed. This affects various biological properties and leads to several technical hurdles for future clinical applications, such as difficulties in chimera formation, single-cell passaging, and gene editing. In terms of generating functional human tissues and organs via mammalian interspecies chimerism, a fluorescent chemical probe that specifically labels naïve ESCs would help to isolate these cells and monitor their conversion. This study demonstrates that the fluorescent chemical probe compound of designation yellow 9 (CDy9) selectively stains naïve, but not primed, mouse ESCs (mESCs). CDy9 entered cells via Slc13a5, a highly expressed membrane transporter in naïve mESCs. Fluorescence-based cell sorting based on CDy9 staining successfully separated naïve mESCs from primed mESCs. Mice generated using CDy9+ cells isolated during the conversion of mouse epiblast stem cells into naïve mESCs exhibited coat color chimerism. Furthermore, CDy9 specifically stained cells in the inner cell mass of mouse embryos. These findings suggest that CDy9 is a useful tool to isolate functional naïve mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Cho
- Department of Life Sciences Sogang University, 35 Baeckbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Sciences Sogang University, 35 Baeckbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Go
- Department of Life Sciences Sogang University, 35 Baeckbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kang
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Haejeong Heo
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Rang Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Organ Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kwon OS, Han MJ, Cha HJ. Suppression of SIRT2 and altered acetylation status of human pluripotent stem cells: possible link to metabolic switch during reprogramming. BMB Rep 2018; 50:435-436. [PMID: 28683850 PMCID: PMC5625689 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.9.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primed human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are highly dependent on glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation, which is similar to the metabolic switch that occurs in cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this metabolic reprogramming in hPSCs and its relevance to pluripotency remain unclear. Cha et al. (2017) recently revealed that downregulation of SIRT2 by miR-200c enhances acetylation of glycolytic enzymes and glycolysis, which in turn facilitates cellular reprogramming, suggesting that SIRT2 is a key enzyme linking the metabolic switch and pluripotency in hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Seon Kwon
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Min-Joon Han
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
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Kwon OS, Kwon SJ, Kim JS, Lee G, Maeng HJ, Lee J, Hwang GS, Cha HJ, Chun KH. Designing Tyrosinase siRNAs by Multiple Prediction Algorithms and Evaluation of Their Anti-Melanogenic Effects. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:282-289. [PMID: 29223142 PMCID: PMC5933895 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin is a pigment produced from tyrosine in melanocytes. Although melanin has a protective role against UVB radiation-induced damage, it is also associated with the development of melanoma and darker skin tone. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, which regulates the rate-limiting step during conversion of tyrosine into DOPA and dopaquinone. To develop effective RNA interference therapeutics, we designed a melanin siRNA pool by applying multiple prediction programs to reduce human tyrosinase levels. First, 272 siRNAs passed the target accessibility evaluation using the RNAxs program. Then we selected 34 siRNA sequences with ΔG ≥-34.6 kcal/mol, i-Score value ≥65, and siRNA scales score ≤30. siRNAs were designed as 19-bp RNA duplexes with an asymmetric 3' overhang at the 3' end of the antisense strand. We tested if these siRNAs effectively reduced tyrosinase gene expression using qRT-PCR and found that 17 siRNA sequences were more effective than commercially available siRNA. Three siRNAs further tested showed an effective visual color change in MNT-1 human cells without cytotoxic effects, indicating these sequences are anti-melanogenic. Our study revealed that human tyrosinase siRNAs could be efficiently designed using multiple prediction algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Seon Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sang Kim
- Leaders Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Anseong 17599, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunbong Lee
- Leaders Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Anseong 17599, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Seo Hwang
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation Research, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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Bae GY, Hong SK, Park JR, Kwon OS, Kim KT, Koo J, Oh E, Cha HJ. Chronic TGFβ stimulation promotes the metastatic potential of lung cancer cells by Snail protein stabilization through integrin β3-Akt-GSK3β signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25366-76. [PMID: 27015122 PMCID: PMC5041910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to TGFβ, a frequent occurrence for tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment, confers more aggressive phenotypes on cancer cells by promoting their invasion and migration while at the same time increasing their resistance to the growth-inhibitory effect of TGFβ. In this study, a transdifferentiated (TD) A549 cell model, established by chronically exposing A549 cells to TGFβ, showed highly invasive phenotypes in conjunction with attenuation of Smad-dependent signaling. We show that Snail protein, the mRNA expression of which strongly correlates with a poor prognosis in lung cancer patients, was highly stable in TD cells after TGFβ stimulation. The increased protein stability of Snail in TD cells correlated with elevated inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, resulting from the high Akt activity. Notably, integrin β3, whose expression was markedly increased upon sustained exposure to TGFβ, was responsible for the high Akt activity as well as the increased Snail protein stability in TD cells. Consistently, clinical database analysis on lung cancer patients revealed a negative correlation between overall survival and integrin β3 mRNA levels. Therefore, we suggest that the integrin β3-Akt-GSK3β signaling axis plays an important role in non-canonical TGFβ signaling, determining the invasive properties of tumor cells chronically exposed to TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gab-Yong Bae
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Hong
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Rak Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Kim
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHyung Koo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ensel Oh
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kwon SJ, Kwon OS, Kim KT, Go YH, Yu SI, Lee BH, Miyoshi H, Oh E, Cho SJ, Cha HJ. Role of MEK partner-1 in cancer stemness through MEK/ERK pathway in cancerous neural stem cells, expressing EGFRviii. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:140. [PMID: 28830458 PMCID: PMC5567886 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are a major cause of the frequent relapse observed in glioma, due to their high drug resistance and their differentiation potential. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the ‘cancer stemness’ of GSCs will be particularly important for improving the prognosis of glioma patients. Methods We previously established cancerous neural stem cells (CNSCs) from immortalized human neural stem cells (F3 cells), using the H-Ras oncogene. In this study, we utilized the EGFRviii mutation, which frequently occurs in brain cancers, to establish another CNSC line (F3.EGFRviii), and characterized its stemness under spheroid culture. Results The F3.EGFRviii cell line was highly tumorigenic in vitro and showed high ERK1/2 activity as well as expression of a variety of genes associated with cancer stemness, such as SOX2 and NANOG, under spheroid culture conditions. Through meta-analysis, PCR super-array, and subsequent biochemical assays, the induction of MEK partner-1 (MP1, encoded by the LAMTOR3 gene) was shown to play an important role in maintaining ERK1/2 activity during the acquisition of cancer stemness under spheroid culture conditions. High expression of this gene was also closely associated with poor prognosis in brain cancer. Conclusion These data suggest that MP1 contributes to cancer stemness in EGFRviii-expressing glioma cells by driving ERK activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0703-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jung Kwon
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Kim
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Go
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Si-In Yu
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Ha Lee
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Subteam for manipulation of cell fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan
| | - Eunsel Oh
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Pathology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Cho
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, South Korea.
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Kwon OS, Hong SK, Cha HJ. Abstract 4761: BCL2 induced by LAMTOR3-MAPK is a druggable target of chemoradioresistance in mesenchymal lung cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Metastasis and chemoresistance, which are main causes of lung cancer related death, have been major interest in cancer research. Recently, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) a foremost process for acquiring metastatic properties has been demonstrated to be strongly link to chemoresistance. Due to limited understanding of mechanism for EMT mediated chemoresistance, druggable targets for chemoresistance remained unidentified yet. In this study, we established the mesenchymal like cancer cells (MLCCs) from A549 lung cancer cells with chronic exposure of TGFβ. With clinicogenomics database analysis and following validation with MLCC model, we determined that BCL2, of which expression was clearly induced and indicated a poor prognosis in the mesenchymal cancer patients, was responsible for high chemoresistance in MLCCs. Therefore combined treatment of chemotherapeutic drug and BH3 mimetic such as ABT-263 or ABT-737, remarkably sensitized MLCCs to chemo and radio therapy. Furthermore, BCL2 expression was governed by sustained ERK1 activity in MLCCs, which resulted from high level of MEK partner-1 (MP1) protein expression. Therefore, combined chemotherapy with small molecules (approved by FDA or clinically tested) targeting for MEK1 or BCL2 would be a clinically feasible approach to overcome EMT related chemoresistance.
Citation Format: Ok-Seon Kwon, Soon-Ki Hong, Hyuk-Jin Cha. BCL2 induced by LAMTOR3-MAPK is a druggable target of chemoradioresistance in mesenchymal lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4761. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4761
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Jeong HC, Park SJ, Choi JJ, Go YH, Hong SK, Kwon OS, Shin JG, Kim RK, Lee MO, Lee SJ, Shin HD, Moon SH, Cha HJ. PRMT8 Controls the Pluripotency and Mesodermal Fate of Human Embryonic Stem Cells By Enhancing the PI3K/AKT/SOX2 Axis. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2037-2049. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chang Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Medicine; School of Medicine, Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Choi
- Department of Medicine; School of Medicine, Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Go
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Gon Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Rae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Life Science; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Medicine; School of Medicine, Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Hong SK, Park JR, Kwon OS, Kim KT, Bae GY, Cha HJ. Induction of integrin β3 by sustained ERK activity promotes the invasiveness of TGFβ-induced mesenchymal tumor cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:339-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kwon OS, Kim KT, Lee E, Kim M, Choi SH, Li H, Fornace AJ, Cho JH, Lee YS, Lee JS, Lee YJ, Cha HJ. Induction of MiR-21 by Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Contributes to the Pulmonary Fibrotic Response. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154942. [PMID: 27171163 PMCID: PMC4865046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung fibrosis, the most serious effect of lung cancer radiotherapy on normal tissue, remains a major technical obstacle to the broader application of radiotherapy to patients with lung cancer. This study describes the use of an image-guided irradiation system in mice mimicking stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to examine the molecular features of chronic fibrotic response after radiation injury. MicroRNA (miR) array analysis of injured pulmonary tissue identified a set of miRs whose expression was significantly increased in damaged lung tissue. In particular, miR-21 expression was increased at the radiation injury site, concurrent with collagen deposition. Although the inhibition of miR-21 by its specific inhibitor anti-miR-21 only marginally affected endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in lung endothelial cells, this inhibition significantly reduced collagen synthesis in lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-21 was sufficient to promote a fibrotic response in lung fibroblasts, enhancing Smad2 phosphorylation concurrent with Smad7 downregulation. These findings indicate that the induction of miR-21 expression is responsible for fibrotic responses observed in mesenchymal cells at the injury site through the potentiation of TGF-β signaling. Local targeting of miR-21 at the injured area could have potential therapeutic utility in mitigating radiation-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Seon Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunioo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Myoungjae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Choi
- Laboratory of Radiation Effect, Division of Radiation effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Henghong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Jae-Ho Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Ewha University Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Lee
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HJC); (YJL); (JSL)
| | - Yoon-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Effect, Division of Radiation effect, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HJC); (YJL); (JSL)
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HJC); (YJL); (JSL)
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Korm S, Jeong HC, Kwon OS, Park JR, Cho H, Kim YM, Chin YW, Cha HJ. α-Mangostin induces G1 cell cycle arrest in HCT116 cells through p38MAPK-p16INK4a pathway. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (α-MG), one of the active substances inGarcinia mangostana, has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer effects in HCT116 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovannarith Korm
- Department of Life Science
- College of Natural Science
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chang Jeong
- Department of Life Science
- College of Natural Science
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Department of Life Science
- College of Natural Science
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Rak Park
- Department of Life Science
- College of Natural Science
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseong Cho
- Department of Biochemistry
- Ajou University School of Medicine
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS R-FIND Team
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Goyang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS R-FIND Team
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Goyang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Department of Life Science
- College of Natural Science
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
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Lee JS, Park JR, Kwon OS, Lee TH, Nakano I, Miyoshi H, Chun KH, Park MJ, Lee HJ, Kim SU, Cha HJ. SIRT1 is required for oncogenic transformation of neural stem cells and for the survival of "cancer cells with neural stemness" in a p53-dependent manner. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:95-106. [PMID: 25096191 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stemness, observed in several types of glioma stem cells (GSCs), has been demonstrated to be an important barrier for efficient cancer therapy. We have previously reported that cancerous neural stem cells (F3.Ras.CNSCs), derived from immortalized human neural stem cells by a single oncogenic stimulation, form glial tumors in vivo. METHOD We searched for a commonly expressed stress modulator in both F3.Ras.CNSCs and GSCs and identified silent mating type information regulation 2, homolog (SIRT1) as a key factor in maintaining cancer stemness. RESULT We demonstrate that the expression of SIRT1, expressed in "cancer cells with neural stemness," is critical not only for the maintenance of stem cells, but also for oncogenic transformation. Interestingly, SIRT1 is essential for the survival and tumorigenicity of F3.Ras.CNSCs and GSCs but not for the U87 glioma cell line. CONCLUSION These results indicate that expression of SIRT1 in cancer cells with neural stemness plays an important role in suppressing p53-dependent tumor surveillance, the abrogation of which may be responsible not only for inducing oncogenic transformation but also for retaining the neural cancer stemness of the cells, suggesting that SIRT1 may be a putative therapeutic target in GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L., J.-R.P., O.-S.K., H.-J.C.); Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (T.-H.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, (I.N.); Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan (H.M.); Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (K.-H.C.); Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (M.-J.P.); College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (H.J.L., S.U.K.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | - Jeong-Rak Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L., J.-R.P., O.-S.K., H.-J.C.); Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (T.-H.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, (I.N.); Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan (H.M.); Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (K.-H.C.); Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (M.-J.P.); College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (H.J.L., S.U.K.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L., J.-R.P., O.-S.K., H.-J.C.); Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (T.-H.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, (I.N.); Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan (H.M.); Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (K.-H.C.); Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (M.-J.P.); College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (H.J.L., S.U.K.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | - Tae-Hee Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L., J.-R.P., O.-S.K., H.-J.C.); Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (T.-H.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, (I.N.); Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan (H.M.); Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (K.-H.C.); Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (M.-J.P.); College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (H.J.L., S.U.K.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L., J.-R.P., O.-S.K., H.-J.C.); Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (T.-H.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, (I.N.); Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan (H.M.); Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (K.-H.C.); Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (M.-J.P.); College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (H.J.L., S.U.K.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L., J.-R.P., O.-S.K., H.-J.C.); Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (T.-H.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, (I.N.); Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan (H.M.); Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (K.-H.C.); Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (M.-J.P.); College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (H.J.L., S.U.K.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | - Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L., J.-R.P., O.-S.K., H.-J.C.); Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (T.-H.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, (I.N.); Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan (H.M.); Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (K.-H.C.); Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (M.-J.P.); College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (H.J.L., S.U.K.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L., J.-R.P., O.-S.K., H.-J.C.); Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (T.-H.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, (I.N.); Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan (H.M.); Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (K.-H.C.); Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (M.-J.P.); College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (H.J.L., S.U.K.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L., J.-R.P., O.-S.K., H.-J.C.); Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (T.-H.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, (I.N.); Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan (H.M.); Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (K.-H.C.); Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (M.-J.P.); College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (H.J.L., S.U.K.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | - Seung U Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L., J.-R.P., O.-S.K., H.-J.C.); Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (T.-H.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, (I.N.); Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan (H.M.); Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (K.-H.C.); Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (M.-J.P.); College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (H.J.L., S.U.K.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L., J.-R.P., O.-S.K., H.-J.C.); Laboratory of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea (T.-H.L.); Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, (I.N.); Subteam for Manipulation of Cell Fate, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Japan (H.M.); Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea (K.-H.C.); Divisions of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea (M.-J.P.); College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea (H.J.L., S.U.K.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
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Abstract
Osteochondroma is a cartilage-covered bony excrescence that arises from the surface of a bone. It is the most common benign bone tumor in the scapula and can also present as multiple masses in multiple hereditary exostosis. A solitary scapular lesion might lead to "snapping scapula" syndrome, which is characterized by a sometimes audible but usually palpable grinding sensation experienced with scapular abduction. Snapping scapula is usually painless without specific symptoms; however, discomfort may result from the mechanical effects of a ventral scapular mass projecting onto a normally smooth, gliding scapulothoracic joint. Furthermore, malignant transformation of the cartilaginous cap, by virtue of the increased mass, may precipitate symptoms. The visual deformities and interference with major joint function are the most frequent musculoskeletal complaints related by patients. Indications for operative intervention include painful mechanical dysfunction unresponsive to conservative measures and sarcomatous change. Ventral scapular osteochondromas have been reported to cause scapular asymmetry and should be ruled out as part of a differential diagnosis to a "winged" scapula. A solitary osteochondroma can be excised either by arthroscopic or by open means, with the size of the lesion dictating precise management. Scapular osteochondromas usually are detected early during maturation due to mechanical symptoms or gross deformity. Unfortunately, most require surgical excision. Most surgical excisions have been reported in adolescents and young adults. We report an unusual case of osteochondroma from the ventral surface of the scapula in 56-year-old woman who had experienced delayed onset mechanical symptoms which required surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea
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Kim YM, Jeong KS, Yun HJ, Yang SD, Lee SY, Kim MJ, Kwon OS, Jeong CW, Kim JY, Kim SC, Lee GW. Electrical characteristic analysis using low-frequency noise in low-temperature polysilicon thin film transistors. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:5532-5536. [PMID: 22966605 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study carried out an electrical characteristic analysis using low-frequency noise (LFN) in top gate p-type low-temperature polysilicon thin film transistors (LTPS TFTs) with different active layer thicknesses between 40 nm and 80 nm. The transfer characteristic curves show that the 40-nm device has better electrical characteristics compared with the 80-nm device. The carrier number fluctuation, with and without correlated mobility fluctuation model in both devices, has modeled well the measured noise. On the other hand, the trap density and coulomb scattering in the 40-nm device are smaller compared with the 80-nm device. To confirm the effectiveness of the LFN noise analysis, the trap densities at a grain boundary are extracted using in both devices the similar methods of Proano et al. and Levinson et al. That is, coulomb scattering, caused by the trapped charges at or near the interface, has a greater effect on the device with inferior electrical properties. Based on the LFN and the quantitative analysis of the trap density at a grain boundary, the interface traps between the active layer and the gate insulator can explain the devices' electrical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
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Kim A, Kwon OS, Kim SO, He L, Bae EY, Lee MS, Jeong SJ, Shim JH, Yoon DY, Kim CH, Moon A, Kim KE, Ahn JS, Kim BY. Caspase-3 activation as a key factor for HBx-transformed cell death. Cell Prolif 2008; 41:755-74. [PMID: 18700866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation has been associated with the tumorigenic growth of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)-transformed cells. This study was aimed to find a key target for treatment of HBx-mediated cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS NF-kappaB activation, endoplasmic reticulum-stress (ER-stress), caspase-3 activation, and cell proliferation were evaluated after Chang/HBx cells permanently expressing HBx viral protein were treated with inhibitors of NF-kappaB, proteasome and DNA topoisomerase. RESULTS Inhibition of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity by transient transfection with mutant plasmids encoding Akt1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), or by treatment with chemical inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, showed little effect on the survival of Chang/HBx cells. Furthermore, IkappaBalpha (S32/36A) mutant plasmid or other NF-kappaB inhibitors, 1-pyrrolidinecarbonidithioic acid and sulphasalazine, were also shown to have little effect on the cell proliferation. By contrast, proteasome inhibitor-1 (Pro1) and MG132 enhanced the HBx-induced ER-stress response and the subsequent activation of caspase-12, -9 and -3 and reduced cell proliferation. Camptothecin (CPT), however, triggered activation of caspase-3 without induction of caspase-12, and reduced cell proliferation. In addition, CPT-induced cell death was reversed by pre-treatment with z-DEVD, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Detailed exploitation of the regulators of caspase-3 activation could open the gate for finding an efficient target for development of anticancer therapeutics against HBx-transformed hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kim
- Functional Metabolomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Yuseong, South Korea
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Song S, Kwon OS, Chung YB. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of acriflavine in rats following intravenous or intramuscular administration of AG60, a mixture of acriflavine and guanosine, a potential antitumour agent. Xenobiotica 2008; 35:755-73. [PMID: 16323364 DOI: 10.1080/00498250500188073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acriflavine (ACF; CAS 8063-24-9), a mixture of trypaflavine (TRF) and proflavine (PRF) at a ratio of 2:1 is being investigated in rodents as an anticancer agent. However, its pharmacokinetics have not been investigated in mammals. Guanosine is known to potentiate the anticancer activity of some compounds. The pharmacokinetics of AG60, a 1:1 mixture of ACF and guanosine, were therefore investigated in rats. Rats were given 2 or 10 mg kg(-1) AG60 by intravenous bolus or 6 or 30 mg kg (-1) intramuscularly. An HPLC-based method was developed to analyse the levels of TRF, PRF, and their metabolites in plasma, bile, urine and tissue homogenates. The plasma concentrations of TRF and PRF decreased rapidly after intravenous administration and more slowly after intramuscular administration. Both TRF and PRF were distributed widely, most notably in the kidney, and were eliminated slowly. Three glucuronosyl conjugate metabolite peaks were tentatively identified in the bile. The intramuscular route leads to a prolongation of TRF or PRF plasma levels, and the systemic exposures for both TRF and PRF were both relatively high. These observations indicate that the intramuscular route may be the best way to administer AG60 for various clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Song
- National Research Laboratory (NRL) of PK/PD, Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Korea
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Kwon OS, Han JH, Yoo HG, Chung JH, Cho KH, Eun HC, Kim KH. Human hair growth enhancement in vitro by green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Phytomedicine 2007; 14:551-5. [PMID: 17092697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Green tea is a popular worldwide beverage, and its potential beneficial effects such as anti-cancer and anti-oxidant properties are believed to be mediated by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of polyphenols. Recently, it was reported that EGCG might be useful in the prevention or treatment of androgenetic alopecia by selectively inhibiting 5alpha-reductase activity. However, no report has been issued to date on the effect of EGCG on human hair growth. This study was undertaken to measure the effect of EGCG on hair growth in vitro and to investigate its effect on human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in vivo and in vitro. EGCG promoted hair growth in hair follicles ex vivo culture and the proliferation of cultured DPCs. The growth stimulation of DPCs by EGCG in vitro may be mediated through the upregulations of phosphorylated Erk and Akt and by an increase in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Similar results were also obtained in in vivo dermal papillae of human scalps. Thus, we suggest that EGCG stimulates human hair growth through these dual proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects on DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Seoul National University Hospital, Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University, 110-744 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SI, Lee DK, Kim SY, Kwon OS, Cho J. An algorithm to detect a center of pupil for extraction of point of gaze. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2004:1237-40. [PMID: 17271912 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes an algorithm that is developed for the video-oculograph method. It is used to detect a center of pupil for extraction of point of gaze in the eye image acquired by a charge coupled device camera and TV receiver card. The center of pupil could be detected accurately by applying the proposed algorithm in this study that removes noise effectively caused by eyelashes and image that is projected on pupil. In this study, we assume that the pupil is a perfect circle in the captured eye images.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Kim
- Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Inje Univ., Kimhae, South Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND On December 26, 2004, the biggest earthquake for 40 years, measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale, triggered a tsunami that pounded the coastal areas of South Asia and East Africa. The effects of the tsunami on skin conditions have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of the tsunami on skin conditions by evaluating the skin problems of patients presenting at hospitals after the tsunami. METHODS Between 5 and 25 January 2005, two dermatologists evaluated patients who complained of skin problems at an outpatient clinic and emergency room of a general hospital in Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, Indonesia. RESULTS The total number of patients that presented during the study period was 235 (131 males and 104 females), and they had a total of 265 skin problems. In terms of age distribution, most subjects were in their fourth decade (23.0%), followed by the third (22.6%) and fifth decade (16.6%). The most prevalent skin problems were infections-infestations (32.5%), followed by eczemas (29.8%) and traumatic skin disorders (29.4%). In males, traumatic skin disorders were most common. The great majority of infection-infestation cases involved superficial fungal infections. Contact dermatitis accounted for three-quarters of eczema cases, and mainly involved the arms (40.0%) and legs (27.1%). The majority of traumatic skin disorders were lacerations, punctures and penetrations, and the feet (44.7%) and hands (18.8%) were most frequently affected. CONCLUSIONS Unhygienic conditions, exposure to a hazardous environment and contact with various objects during and after the tsunami probably increased the prevalence of infections-infestations, traumatic skin disorders and contact dermatitis. To prevent these problems and associated secondary bacterial infections, health-related education and early medical management are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Na JI, Kwon OS, Kim BJ, Park WS, Oh JK, Kim KH, Cho KH, Eun HC. Ethnic characteristics of eyelashes: a comparative analysis in Asian and Caucasian females. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:1170-6. [PMID: 17107385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite similar biochemical composition of human hair between races, physico-morphological characteristics are not identical in different ethnic groups. Eyelashes have been investigated far less than scalp hair, and the information available is insufficient. OBJECTIVES To obtain basic information about eyelashes and to clarify differences between female eyelashes in Asians and Caucasians. METHODS Twenty Asian and 10 white Caucasian female volunteers aged between 20 and 29 years were admitted to the study. Lateral digital photographs of upper eyelashes were taken and curl-up and lift-up angles of upper eyelashes were measured from lateral views. Images of upper eyelashes were also taken using the phototrichogram technique and total numbers, lengths and thicknesses of upper eyelashes were obtained (a total of 4661 eyelashes; 2946 for Asian, 1715 for Caucasian). The central portion of the eyelashes or whole eyelashes were clipped and images were taken immediately and 7 days later to obtain the growth rate and anagen ratio of upper eyelashes. Numbers and thickness of eyelash cuticular layers were obtained by electron microscopy. RESULTS Compared with Caucasians, Asian eyelashes revealed lower lift-up and curl-up angles, fewer numbers and a thicker transverse diameter. However, no statistical difference was observed in length or growth rate. Duration of anagen was estimated at about 2 months. The eyelash anagen ratio obtained from five Asians was 17.8 +/- 3.3%. By electron microscopy, the number of cuticular layers in transverse section was greater in Asian (8.0 +/- 1.2) than Caucasian females (6.5 +/- 1.1), but no statistical difference was found in single cuticle layer thickness between the two groups. Moreover, eyelash characteristics were not influenced by eye makeup in either race. CONCLUSIONS Our results on eyelash morphology and growth characteristics demonstrated significant ethnic differences in Asian and Caucasian females that could provide basic information for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Na
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Shim SB, Verstegen MWA, Kim IH, Kwon OS, Verdonk JMAJ. Effects of feeding antibiotic-free creep feed supplemented with oligofructose, probiotics or synbiotics to suckling piglets increases the preweaning weight gain and composition of intestinal microbiota. Arch Anim Nutr 2005; 59:419-27. [PMID: 16429827 DOI: 10.1080/17450390500353234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether feeding an antibiotic-free creep feed supplemented with either oligofructose, probiotics or synbiotics to suckling piglets influences growth performance, the gut microflora, gut morphology and hematological traits at weaning. Twenty sows with 10 piglets each were randomly assigned to one of four treatments. The treatments consisted of a control (antibiotic-free) diet, 0.2% oligofructose (OF), 0.3% probiotics or 0.5% synbiotics (mixture of 0.2% OF+0.3% probiotics). Piglets were offered the diet ad libitum from 7 d after birth until one day after weaning (21 d of age). At the day after weaning, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein to determine the immune response. Digesta samples of the ileum and colon were collected to determine the microbial composition. Tissue segments from the duodenum and ileum were collected for morphometric measurements of the small intestine. The average daily weight gain was significantly higher for piglets fed the OF or synbiotics diet compared with the pigs fed the control diet. The hematological traits (the concentration of lymphocytes and neutrophils in whole blood) were not affected by the diet. Piglets fed the OF, probiotics or synbiotics diet had a significantly decreased number of total coliform bacteria in the colon. Feeding OF, probiotics or synbiotics significantly increased the population of bifidobacteria in the ileum compared to the control. In the colon, the probiotics and synbiotics diet significantly increased the number of bifidobacteria compared with the control diet. The results of this experiment showed that supplementation of oligofructose or synbiotics to an antibiotic-free creep feed during the preweaning period affected gut microbial population and performance of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Shim
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Kwon SY, Kim SS, Kwon OS, Kwon KA, Chung MG, Park DK, Kim YS, Koo YS, Kim YK, Choi DJ, Kim JH. Prognostic significance of glycaemic control in patients with HBV and HCV-related cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2005; 22:1530-5. [PMID: 16241918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes mellitus (DM) is frequently observed in patients with cirrhosis, particularly that due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, no studies have focused on the clinical significance of glycaemic control in cirrhotic patients because of their short life expectancy and poor hepatic function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of glycaemic control in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV-related cirrhosis and DM. METHODS A total of 434 patients with HCV-related (HCV group, n = 88) or HBV-related (HBV group, n = 346) cirrhosis were studied retrospectively. We determined the prevalence of DM and treatment methods for hyperglycaemia and status of glycaemic control, and the patients' outcome. RESULTS The prevalence of DM was 43.2% (38/88) in the HCV group and 19.7% (68/346) in the HBV group. Patients in the HCV group were older with a female preponderance. DM was detected before the diagnosis of cirrhosis or simultaneously in 92% and 79% in the HCV and HBV groups, respectively. Most patients were treated with insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents. However, blood glucose levels were maintained within the normal range in 34.2% of the HCV group and in 23.5% of the HBV group. Forty-six patients died during the observation period in both groups. Hepatic failure was the most common cause of death, and sepsis and variceal bleeding were more frequent in the HCV group than in the HBV group. Multivariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh class was the most important factor for survival in both groups. In the HCV group, the status of glycaemic control was a significant independent factor of survival (P = 0.018). In the HBV group, age and the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were significant. CONCLUSION DM is more frequent in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis than in patients with HBV. Strict control of blood glucose levels could improve survival in HCV patients. A precise assessment of the risks and benefits of glycaemic control is required to reduce the mortality and morbidity of patients with cirrhosis and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kwon
- Gil MerDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gachon Medical School, Gil Medical Centre, 1198 Guwal-dong, Namdong-gu, Inchon 405-760, Korea.
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Kim CH, Jang EK, Kim SH, Jang KH, Kang SA, Song KB, Kwon OS, Rhee SK. Molecular cloning of levan fructotransferase gene from Arthrobacter ureafaciens K2032 and its expression in Escherichia coli for the production of difructose dianhydride IV. Lett Appl Microbiol 2005; 40:228-34. [PMID: 15715649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2005.01658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To clone and overexpress a novel levan fructotransferase gene lftA from Arthrobacter ureafaciens K2032. METHODS AND RESULTS The lftA gene, encoding a levan fructotransferase (LFTase) of 521 amino acids (aa) residues, was cloned from the genomic DNA of A. ureafaciens K2032, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant LFTase overexpressed in E. coli was then used to produce a difructose dianhydride (DFA IV) from levan. DFA IV crystals with 97% purity could be obtained from the reaction mixture in 83.7% yield by using a natural crystallization method. CONCLUSIONS The lftA gene cloned from A. ureafaciens K2032 encode a novel levan fructotransferase which produces difructose dianhydride (DFA IV) from levan. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Levan fructotransferase is a useful enzyme with great promise in the production of DFA IV and various fructosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea.
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Abstract
AIMS To screen and clone a novel enzyme with specific activity for the resolution of (R)-beta-acetylmercaptoisobutyrate (RAM) from (R,S)-beta-acetylmercaptoisobutyrate [(R,S)-ester]. METHODS AND RESULTS A micro-organism that produces a novel esterase was isolated and identified as the bacterium Burkholderia cepacia by using the analysis of cellular fatty acids, Biolog automated microbial identification/characterization system, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A novel esterase gene was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of B. cepacia and was designated as cpoA. The cpoA encodes a polypeptide of 273 amino acids which shows a strong sequence homology with many bacterial nonhaeme chloroperoxidases. In addition, a typical serine-hydrolase motif, Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly, and the highly conserved catalytic triad, Ser95, Asp224, and His253, were identified in the deduced amino acid sequence of cpoA by multiple sequence alignment. CONCLUSION The cpoA cloned from B. cepacia encodes a novel esterase which is highly related to the nonhaeme chloroperoxidases. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report that describes the isolation and cloning of a serine esterase gene from B. cepacia, which is useful in the chiral resolution of (R,S)-ester. The cloned gene will allow additional research on the bifunctionality of the enzyme with esterase and chloroperoxidase activity at the structural and functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Oun-dong, Yusong, Daejeon, Korea
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Kwon OS, Lee HS, Koh DW, Cho YJ, Park YH, Park DK, Oh YL, Seo JH, Chun HJ, Um SH, Lee SW, Choi JH, Kim CD, Ryu HS, Hyun JH, Kim AR, Kim YS. A case of primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver presented with liver abscess. Korean J Intern Med 2001; 16:270-3. [PMID: 11855159 PMCID: PMC4578056 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2001.16.4.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver is a very rare type of cholangiocarcinoma and is defined as a cancer containing both squamous and adenomatous components in the same lesion. Recently, we experienced a primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver presented as liver abscess. A 63-year-old man was presented with a 4-day history of fever and chill. The radiologic study showed a 4 cm-sized, central hypoattenuated mass with peripheral rim enhancement in the left lobe of the liver. Ultrasonography-guided aspiration and biopsy suggested an adenocarcinoma with abscess in the liver. At laparotomy, the tumor occupied the left lobe of the liver and invaded the right diaphragm. An extended left lobectomy and a partial excision of the involved diaphragm were done. Grossly, the tumor was 6 x 5 x 5 cm in size and had an eccentric necrosis. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with a transitional area.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, 516 Kojan-Dong, Ansan City, Kyungki-Do, 425-020, Korea
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Kang TC, Kim HS, Seo MO, Choi SY, Kwon OS, Baek NI, Lee HY, Won MH. The temporal alteration of GAD67/GAD65 ratio in the gerbil hippocampal complex following seizure. Brain Res 2001; 920:159-69. [PMID: 11716822 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) isoforms in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil and its association with different sequelae of spontaneous seizure were investigated to identify the roles of balance of GAD isoforms in the epileptogenesis and the recovery mechanisms in these animals. The GAD67/GAD65 ratio in the hippocampus of pre-seizure seizure sensitive (SS) gerbil was approximately 3.5-fold higher as compared to seizure resistant (SR) gerbil. Following seizure, this ratio shifted to the level of SR gerbils up to 12 h postical. Therefore, the mismatched GAD67/GAD65 ratio (imbalance of GAD isoform expressions) in the hippocampus of SS gerbil implies that GABAergic neurons may be highly activated in order to regulate the increased neuronal excitability. In addition, the alteration in this ratio after seizure may be the compensatory response for reduction of epileptic activity in this animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Kangwon-Do 200-702, Chunchon, South Korea
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Shin SW, Chung NI, Kim JS, Chon TS, Kwon OS, Lee SK, Koh SC. Effect of diazinon on behavior of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase as a biomarker. J Environ Sci Health B 2001; 36:783-795. [PMID: 11757738 DOI: 10.1081/pfc-100107412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the development of a biomarker used to monitor abnormal behaviors caused by diazinon in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model organism. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in tissues was measured and the TH enzyme production in specific organs using a in situ cytochemical technique was monitored. These data were comparatively analyzed with those from semi-quantitative RT-PCR utilizing medaka TH gene that could be a potential biomarker for neuronal modulations and behaviors. For monitoring experiments at behavioral and molecular biological levels, the fish were treated under different sublethal conditions of diazinon (O, O-diethyl O-[6-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl] phosphorothioate) and their behavioral responses were observed. There were no significant differences in activity of TH head and body portions when the fish were exposed to lower concentrations (0.5-10 ppb) of diazinon including control treatment (0 ppb) for 24 hr. In temporal change of TH activity at 100 ppb diazinon treatment, however, the activity of body portion appeared to be inhibited during the first 30 min exposure but later seemed to recover slightly after 1 hr. TH appeared to be expressed mainly in the olfactory bulb, midbrain and brain stem regions as assessed by in situ immunohistochemistry. The treatment (1000 ppb) significantly suppressed TH protein production in the olfactory bulb, midbrain and brain stem regions. In kidney from the body portion the higher concentration treatment (1000 ppb) caused little suppression compared with the control. The RT-PCR showed that a production of TH mRNA transcript was significantly inhibited at 5 ppm diazinon treatment in the body portion. It was concluded that a suppression of TH activity would be one of the causes for the abnormal behaviors of the medaka that could be quantitatively monitored using an image processing system. This study provides molecular and neurobehavioral bases of a biomonitoring system for toxic chemicals using a model organism such as fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Shin
- Division of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Pusan
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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Suh DH, Kwon TE, Kim SD, Park SB, Kwon OS, Eun HC, Youn JI. Changes of skin blood flow and color on lesional and control sites during PUVA therapy for psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 44:987-94. [PMID: 11369911 DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2001.113459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the colors of psoriatic lesions, largely determined by erythema and scales, are important clinical indicators, expressing them in an objective manner is difficult. Cutaneous blood flow (CBF) also affects erythema. Serial measurement of these parameters during phototherapy was almost nonexistent. OBJECTIVE The objectives of our study were to observe the changes of color parameters and the CBF of psoriatic lesions during PUVA therapy and to determine their clinical significance. METHODS CBF, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, and color parameters, measured by tristimulus colorimetry and reflectance spectrophotometry, were assessed in 13 patients with psoriasis who received PUVA therapy. RESULTS The values of CBF, erythema index (EI), and a(*) (color parameter representing red-green axis) in psoriatic lesions were significantly different from those observed in the control sites before therapy. The parameters of psoriatic lesions normalized according to the clinical improvement and approached those of the control sites as PUVA therapy progressed. The values of melanin index (MI), L(*) (color parameter representing white-black axis), and b(*) (color parameter representing yellow-blue axis) showed no significant difference between the psoriatic plaques and the control sites. They all displayed changes toward darkening and indicated tanning induced by PUVA therapy. Serial changes presented a generally unidirectional pattern in the control sites. However, this was not always the case in psoriatic lesions because scale, infiltration, and erythema also affected the measurement of blood flow and the color of the skin. CONCLUSION Color parameters and CBF were closely related with clinical improvement according to consecutive phototherapy. They may serve as objective indices for the visible morphology and underlying lesional pathophysiology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Suh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
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Abstract
Evidence of reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments was investigated in Hudson River sediments dredged and encapsulated in 1978 at Moreau, NY. The effect of different moisture contents in dredged sediments on dechlorination and dechlorinating microorganisms was also determined using PCB-spiked sediments in which the moisture level was adjusted by simulating a dewatering process. The congener pattern of PCBs indicated that the dechlorination in the dredged sediments was far less advanced than that in the river sediments collected from the general area of the dredged site (Ft. Edward site). Dechlorination in encapsulated sediments at the Moreau site appeared to have stopped soon after dredging. When microorganisms eluted from the encapsulated sediments were inoculated in clean sediments spiked with Aroclor 1242, an extensive dechlorination was observed, indicating that the encapsulated sediments still harbored dechlorinating microorganisms. However, the same inoculum failed to further dechlorinate residual congeners in the dredged sediments. On the other hand, an inoculum obtained in 1990 from the dredged site in the Hudson River dechlorinated the residual congeners further. In simulated dredged sediments, the maximum level of dechlorination was lower at reduced moisture contents. The population size of dechlorinating microorganisms, as determined by the most probable number (MPN) technique, was also smaller at the lower moisture levels. There was a significant correlation between the maximum extent of dechlorination and the specific death rate of dechlorinating populations. These results indicate that the underlying mechanism of the moisture-dependent maximum dechlorination is the moisture-dependence of the death rate of dechlorinating microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cho
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201-0509, USA
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Byun KS, Kim JH, Song KJ, Baek LJ, Song JW, Park SH, Kwon OS, Yeon JE, Kim JS, Bak YT, Lee CH. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A virus in Korea. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16:519-24. [PMID: 11350547 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of antibodies for hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) in adolescents and young adults has decreased remarkably following the economic growth in Korea. As a result, this age group has a high risk for HAV infection paradoxically, and over 1500 cases of clinically overt hepatitis A occurred in 1998. Human isolates of hepatitis A virus (HAV) are categorized within four genotypes (I, II, III, and VII). In some geographic regions, closely related isolates cluster, suggesting endemic spread of the virus, while in other regions multiple genotypes circulate. Virtually no data are available with regard to the genetic relatedness of Korean strains of HAV. METHODS AND RESULTS A 168 base pair segment encompassing the putative VP1/2A junction of the HAV genome was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced in sera of 18 Korean patients with a sporadic form of acute hepatitis A. Pairwise comparisons of the nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of 18 Korean isolates with one another revealed that the Korean isolates showed > 94.6% and > 96.4% identity, respectively. All of the 18 Korean isolates clustered within genotype IA, irrespective of the geographic locations and the time that hepatitis occurred. Unique amino acid sequence changes that had never been reported in genotype IA were found in nine of the 18 isolates. These changes were Gln-->Ser and Lys-->Arg in 2A-19 and 2A-10 amino acid positions. CONCLUSION The presence of single genotype and unique mutations may be related with the circulation of endemic HAV over a long period of time in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Byun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul
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Shen ZJ, Kim SK, Kwon OS, Lee YS, Moon BJ. Specific inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta2 expression in human osteoblast cells by antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. Eur J Biochem 2001; 268:2331-7. [PMID: 11298751 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of endogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 on human osteoblast cell, antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (S-ODNs) complementary to regions in mRNA of TGF-beta2 were synthesized and examined their effects on TGF-beta2 production and cell proliferation in a human osteoblast cell line ROS 17/2. Antisense S-ODNs were designated for three different target regions in the mRNA of TGF-beta2. Among several antisense S-ODN analyzed, an oligonucleotide (AS-11) complementary to the translation initiation site of mRNA of TGF-beta2 demonstrated a selective and strong inhibitory effect on TGF-beta2 production in osteoblast cells. Other antisense S-ODNs which were designated for other regions in mRNA of TGF-beta2 and one- or three-base mismatched analogs of AS-11 showed little or much less antisense activities than AS-11. Therefore, the most effective target site in mRNA of TGF-beta2 is at the initiation codon region. The antisense effects of AS-11 were observed without reduction of levels of mRNA of TGF-beta2. Furthermore, the inhibition of TGF-beta2 expression by antisense S-ODN appeared to enhance cell proliferation, demonstrating the growth inhibitory effect of autocrine TGF-beta2 in osteoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Ferguson SA, Omer VE, Kwon OS, Holson RR, Houston RJ, Rottinghaus GE, Slikker W. Prenatal fumonisin (FB1) treatment in rats results in minimal maternal or offspring toxicity. Neurotoxicology 2001; 18:561-9. [PMID: 9291504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the neurobehavioral and developmental effects of the mycotoxin, FB1, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with FB1 on gestational days 13-20. In Experiment 1, FB1 was obtained from culture material and pregnant rats were gavaged with 0, 0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg. In Experiment 2, pregnant rats were gavaged with purified FB1 at doses of 0, 1.6 or 9.6 mg/kg. Offspring were evaluated on a battery of behavioral tests as well as measures of whole and regional brain weight. There were no effects on maternal weight gain, reproductive outcomes, or offspring body weight through adulthood in either experiment. Complex maze performance, open field and running wheel activity were not altered by prenatal FB1 treatment. In Experiment 2, acoustic startle response was depressed at two ages during the first or second block of 9 trials in males treated with purified FB1. Females exhibited no such alterations. Play behavior at PND 33, but not PND 26, was increased in males prenatally treated with 9.6 mg/kg relative to those treated with 1.6 mg/kg. There were no substantive treatment effects on regional brain weight. These results suggest that doses of < or = 9.6 mg purified FB1/kg and/or < or = 1.6 mg FB1/kg obtained from culture material cause minimal maternal toxicity and produce few development functional alterations. In addition, potential FB1-related functional alterations were evident only in males providing further support for a mild sex-specific effect for fumonisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ferguson
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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