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Krug HF. A Systematic Review on the Hazard Assessment of Amorphous Silica Based on the Literature From 2013 to 2018. Front Public Health 2022; 10:902893. [PMID: 35784253 PMCID: PMC9240267 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.902893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanomaterials are suspected of causing health problems, as published studies on nanotoxicology indicate. On the other hand, some of these materials, such as nanostructured pyrogenic and precipitated synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) and silica gel, have been used for decades without safety concerns in industrial, commercial, and consumer applications. However, in addition to many in vivo and in vitro studies that have failed to demonstrate the intrinsic toxicity of SAS, articles periodically emerge, in which biological effects of concern have been described. Even though most of these studies do not meet high-quality standards and do not always use equivalent test materials or standardized test systems, the results often trigger substance re-evaluation. To put the results into perspective, an extensive literature study was carried out and an example of amorphous silica will be used to try to unravel the reliability from the unreliable results. Methods A systematic search of studies on nanotoxicological effects has been performed covering the years 2013 to 2018. The identified studies have been evaluated for their quality regarding material and method details, and the data have been curated and put into a data collection. This review deals only with investigations on amorphous silica. Results Of 18,162 publications 1,217 have been selected with direct reference to experiments with synthetically produced amorphous silica materials. The assessment of these studies based on defined criteria leads to a further reduction to 316 studies, which have been included in this systematic review. Screening for quality with well-defined quantitative criteria following the GUIDE nano concept reveals only 27.3% has acceptable quality. Overall, the in vitro and in vivo data showed low or no toxicity of amorphous silica. The data shown do not support the hypothesis of dependency of biological effects on the primary particle size of the tested materials. Conclusion This review demonstrates the relatively low quality of most studies published on nanotoxicological issues in the case of amorphous silica. Moreover, mechanistic studies are often passed off or considered toxicological studies. In general, standardized methods or the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines are rarely used for toxicological experiments. As a result, the significance of the published data is usually weak and must be reevaluated carefully before using them for regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald F. Krug
- NanoCASE GmbH, Engelburg, Switzerland
- Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Science and Materials Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Berne, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Harald F. Krug ; orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-095X
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2
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Petersen EJ, Ceger P, Allen DG, Coyle J, Derk R, Garcia-Reyero N, Gordon J, Kleinstreuer NC, Matheson J, McShan D, Nelson BC, Patri AK, Rice P, Rojanasakul L, Sasidharan A, Scarano L, Chang X. U.S. Federal Agency interests and key considerations for new approach methodologies for nanomaterials. ALTEX 2022; 39:183–206. [PMID: 34874455 PMCID: PMC9115850 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) come in a wide array of shapes, sizes, surface coatings, and compositions, and often possess novel or enhanced properties compared to larger sized particles of the same elemental composition. To ensure the safe commercialization of products containing ENMs, it is important to thoroughly understand their potential risks. Given that ENMs can be created in an almost infinite number of variations, it is not feasible to conduct in vivo testing on each type of ENM. Instead, new approach methodologies (NAMs) such as in vitro or in chemico test methods may be needed, given their capacity for higher throughput testing, lower cost, and ability to provide information on toxicological mechanisms. However, the different behaviors of ENMs compared to dissolved chemicals may challenge safety testing of ENMs using NAMs. In this study, member agencies within the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods were queried about what types of ENMs are of agency interest and whether there is agency-specific guidance for ENM toxicity testing. To support the ability of NAMs to provide robust results in ENM testing, two key issues in the usage of NAMs, namely dosimetry and interference/bias controls, are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Petersen
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Ceger
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David G Allen
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jayme Coyle
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Current affiliation: UES, Inc., Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Raymond Derk
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - John Gordon
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole C Kleinstreuer
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Danielle McShan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Anil K Patri
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Penelope Rice
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Liying Rojanasakul
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Abhilash Sasidharan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Louis Scarano
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Chang
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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3
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Fraser K, Hubbs A, Yanamala N, Mercer RR, Stueckle TA, Jensen J, Eye T, Battelli L, Clingerman S, Fluharty K, Dodd T, Casuccio G, Bunker K, Lersch TL, Kashon ML, Orandle M, Dahm M, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Kodali V, Erdely A. Histopathology of the broad class of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers used or produced in U.S. facilities in a murine model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:47. [PMID: 34923995 PMCID: PMC8686255 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nanofibers (CNT/F) have been previously investigated for their potential toxicities; however, comparative studies of the broad material class are lacking, especially those with a larger diameter. Additionally, computational modeling correlating physicochemical characteristics and toxicity outcomes have been infrequently employed, and it is unclear if all CNT/F confer similar toxicity, including histopathology changes such as pulmonary fibrosis. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 40 µg of one of nine CNT/F (MW #1-7 and CNF #1-2) commonly found in exposure assessment studies of U.S. facilities with diameters ranging from 6 to 150 nm. Human fibroblasts (0-20 µg/ml) were used to assess the predictive value of in vitro to in vivo modeling systems. RESULTS All materials induced histopathology changes, although the types and magnitude of the changes varied. In general, the larger diameter MWs (MW #5-7, including Mitsui-7) and CNF #1 induced greater histopathology changes compared to MW #1 and #3 while MW #4 and CNF #2 were intermediate in effect. Differences in individual alveolar or bronchiolar outcomes and severity correlated with physical dimensions and how the materials agglomerated. Human fibroblast monocultures were found to be insufficient to fully replicate in vivo fibrosis outcomes suggesting in vitro predictive potential depends upon more advanced cell culture in vitro models. Pleural penetrations were observed more consistently in CNT/F with larger lengths and diameters. CONCLUSION Physicochemical characteristics, notably nominal CNT/F dimension and agglomerate size, predicted histopathologic changes and enabled grouping of materials by their toxicity profiles. Particles of greater nominal tube length were generally associated with increased severity of histopathology outcomes. Larger particle lengths and agglomerates were associated with more severe bronchi/bronchiolar outcomes. Spherical agglomerated particles of smaller nominal tube dimension were linked to granulomatous inflammation while a mixture of smaller and larger dimensional CNT/F resulted in more severe alveolar injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Fraser
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Ann Hubbs
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Robert R. Mercer
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
| | - Todd A. Stueckle
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Jake Jensen
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
| | - Tracy Eye
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
| | - Lori Battelli
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
| | - Sidney Clingerman
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
| | - Kara Fluharty
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
| | - Tiana Dodd
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael L. Kashon
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
| | - Marlene Orandle
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
| | - Matthew Dahm
- Division of Field Studies Evaluation, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Mary K. Schubauer-Berigan
- Division of Field Studies Evaluation, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH USA
- International Agency for Research On Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Vamsi Kodali
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Aaron Erdely
- Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA
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4
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Camaioni A, Massimiani M, Lacconi V, Magrini A, Salustri A, Sotiriou GA, Singh D, Bitounis D, Bocca B, Pino A, Barone F, Prota V, Iavicoli I, Scimeca M, Bonanno E, Cassee FR, Demokritou P, Pietroiusti A, Campagnolo L. Silica encapsulation of ZnO nanoparticles reduces their toxicity for cumulus cell-oocyte-complex expansion. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:33. [PMID: 34479598 PMCID: PMC8414698 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in many industrial and biomedical applications, hence their impact on occupational and public health has become a concern. In recent years, interest on the effect that exposure to NPs may exert on human reproduction has grown, however data are still scant. In the present work, we investigated whether different metal oxide NPs interfere with mouse cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC) expansion. Methods Mouse COCs from pre-ovulatory follicles were cultured in vitro in the presence of various concentrations of two types of TiO2 NPs (JRC NM-103 and NM-104) and four types of ZnO NPs (JRC NM-110, NM-111, and in-house prepared uncoated and SiO2-coated NPs) and the organization of a muco-elastic extracellular matrix by cumulus cells during the process named cumulus expansion was investigated. Results We show that COC expansion was not affected by the presence of both types of TiO2 NPs at all tested doses, while ZnO NM-110 and NM-111 induced strong toxicity and inhibited COCs expansion at relatively low concentration. Medium conditioned by these NPs showed lower toxicity, suggesting that, beside ion release, inhibition of COC expansion also depends on NPs per se. To further elucidate this, we compared COC expansion in the presence of uncoated or SiO2-coated NPs. Differently from the uncoated NPs, SiO2-coated NPs underwent slower dissolution, were not internalized by the cells, and showed an overall lower toxicity. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that ZnO NPs, but not SiO2-coated ZnO NPs, affected the expression of genes fundamental for COC expansion. Dosimetry analysis revealed that the delivered-to-cell mass fractions for both NPs was very low. Conclusions Altogether, these results suggest that chemical composition, dissolution, and cell internalization are all responsible for the adverse effects of the tested NPs and support the importance of a tailored, safer-by-design production of NPs to reduce toxicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00424-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Camaioni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Micol Massimiani
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro, 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Lacconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Magrini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Salustri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-1, 71 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-1, 71 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pino
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Barone
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Prota
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- Department of Inhalation Toxicology, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, 3721, MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Antonio Pietroiusti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro, 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Campagnolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Rahman L, Williams A, Gelda K, Nikota J, Wu D, Vogel U, Halappanavar S. 21st Century Tools for Nanotoxicology: Transcriptomic Biomarker Panel and Precision-Cut Lung Slice Organ Mimic System for the Assessment of Nanomaterial-Induced Lung Fibrosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000272. [PMID: 32347014 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for reliable toxicity assays to support the human health risk assessment of an ever increasing number of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Animal testing is not a suitable option for ENMs. Sensitive in vitro models and mechanism-based targeted in vitro assays that enable accurate prediction of in vivo responses are not yet available. In this proof-of-principle study, publicly available mouse lung transcriptomics data from studies investigating xenobiotic-induced lung diseases are used and a 17-gene biomarker panel (PFS17) applicable to the assessment of lung fibrosis is developed. The PFS17 is validated using a limited number of in vivo mouse lung transcriptomics datasets from studies investigating ENM-induced responses. In addition, an ex vivo precision-cut lung slice (PCLS) model is optimized for screening of potentially inflammogenic and pro-fibrotic ENMs. Using bleomycin and a multiwalled carbon nanotube, the practical application of the PCLS method as a sensitive alternative to whole animal tests to screen ENMs that may potentially induce inhalation toxicity is shown. Conditional to further optimization and validation, it is established that a combination of PFS17 and the ex vivo PCLS method will serve as a robust and sensitive approach to assess lung inflammation and fibrosis induced by ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Rahman
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Krishna Gelda
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jake Nikota
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 101A 2800 Copenhagen, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Building 22, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
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6
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Attarilar S, Yang J, Ebrahimi M, Wang Q, Liu J, Tang Y, Yang J. The Toxicity Phenomenon and the Related Occurrence in Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Brief Review From the Biomedical Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:822. [PMID: 32766232 PMCID: PMC7380248 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of different nanoparticles (NPs) involve in our daily life with various origins from food, cosmetics, drugs, etc. It is believed that decreasing the size of materials up to nanometer levels can facilitate their unfavorable absorption since they can pass the natural barriers of live tissues and organs even, they can go across the relatively impermeable membranes. The interaction of these NPs with the biological environment disturbs the natural functions of cells and its components and cause health issues. In the lack of the detailed and comprehensive standard protocols about the toxicity of NPs materials, their control, and effects, this review study focuses on the current research literature about the related factors in toxicity of NPs such as size, concentration, etc. with an emphasis on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The goal of the study is to highlight their potential hazard and the advancement of green non-cytotoxic nanomaterials with safe threshold dose levels to resolve the toxicity issues. This study supports the NPs design along with minimizing the adverse effects of nanoparticles especially those used in biological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouh Attarilar
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfan Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingge Wang
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yujin Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Kornberg TG, Stueckle TA, Coyle J, Derk R, Demokritou P, Rojanasakul Y, Rojanasakul LW. Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neoplastic-Like Cell Transformation in Vitro Is Reduced with a Protective Amorphous Silica Coating. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2382-2397. [PMID: 31657553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) have recently surged in production and use in a wide variety of biomedical and environmental applications. However, their potential long-term health effects, including carcinogenesis, are unknown. Limited research suggests IONP can induce genotoxicity and neoplastic transformation associated with particle dissolution and release of free iron ions. "Safe by design" strategies involve the modification of particle physicochemical properties to affect subsequent adverse outcomes, such as an amorphous silica coating to reduce IONP dissolution and direct interaction with cells. We hypothesized that long-term exposure to a specific IONP (nFe2O3) would induce neoplastic-like cell transformation, which could be prevented with an amorphous silica coating (SiO2-nFe2O3). To test this hypothesis, human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) were continuously exposed to a 0.6 μg/cm2 administered a dose of nFe2O3 (∼0.58 μg/cm2 delivered dose), SiO2-nFe2O3 (∼0.55 μg/cm2 delivered dose), or gas metal arc mild steel welding fumes (GMA-MS, ∼0.58 μg/cm2 delivered dose) for 6.5 months. GMA-MS are composed of roughly 80% iron/iron oxide and were recently classified as a total human carcinogen. Our results showed that low-dose/long-term in vitro exposure to nFe2O3 induced a time-dependent neoplastic-like cell transformation, as indicated by increased cell proliferation and attachment-independent colony formation, which closely matched that induced by GMA-MS. This transformation was associated with decreases in intracellular iron, minimal changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the induction of double-stranded DNA damage. An amorphous silica-coated but otherwise identical particle (SiO2-nFe2O3) did not induce this neoplastic-like phenotype or changes in the parameters mentioned above. Overall, the presented data suggest the carcinogenic potential of long-term nFe2O3 exposure and the utility of an amorphous silica coating in a "safe by design" hazard reduction strategy, within the context of a physiologically relevant exposure scenario (low-dose/long-term), with model validation using GMA-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany G Kornberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia 26505 , United States
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia 26505 , United States
| | - Jayme Coyle
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia 26505 , United States
| | - Raymond Derk
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia 26505 , United States
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
| | - Liying W Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia 26505 , United States
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8
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Sade H, Lellouche JP. Preparation and Characterization of WS₂@SiO₂ and WS₂@PANI Core-Shell Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E156. [PMID: 29534426 PMCID: PMC5869647 DOI: 10.3390/nano8030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two tungsten disulfide (WS₂)-based core-shell nanocomposites were fabricated using readily available reagents and simple procedures. The surface was pre-treated with a surfactant couple in a layer-by-layer approach, enabling good dispersion of the WS₂ nanostructures in aqueous media and providing a template for the polymerization of a silica (SiO₂) shell. After a Stöber-like reaction, a conformal silica coating was achieved. Inspired by the resulting nanocomposite, a second one was prepared by reacting the surfactant-modified WS₂ nanostructures with aniline and an oxidizing agent in an aqueous medium. Here too, a conformal coating of polyaniline (PANI) was obtained, giving a WS₂@PANI nanocomposite. Both nanocomposites were analyzed by electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and FTIR, verifying the core-shell structure and the character of shells. The silica shell was amorphous and mesoporous and the surface area of the composite increases with shell thickness. Polyaniline shells slightly differ in their morphologies dependent on the acid used in the polymerization process and are amorphous like the silica shell. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of the WS₂@PANI nanocomposite showed variation between bulk PANI and the PANI shell. These two nanocomposites have great potential to expand the use of transition metals dichalcogenides (TMDCs) for new applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Sade
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
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9
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Cai X, Lee A, Ji Z, Huang C, Chang CH, Wang X, Liao YP, Xia T, Li R. Reduction of pulmonary toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles by phosphonate-based surface passivation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:13. [PMID: 28431555 PMCID: PMC5399805 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The wide application of engineered nanoparticles has induced increasing exposure to humans and environment, which led to substantial concerns on their biosafety. Some metal oxides (MOx) have shown severe toxicity in cells and animals, thus safe designs of MOx with reduced hazard potential are desired. Currently, there is a lack of a simple yet effective safe design approach for the toxic MOx. In this study, we determined the key physicochemical properties of MOx that lead to cytotoxicity and explored a safe design approach for toxic MOx by modifying their hazard properties. Results THP-1 and BEAS-2B cells were exposed to 0–200 μg/mL MOx for 24 h, we found some toxic MOx including CoO, CuO, Ni2O3 and Co3O4, could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death due to the toxic ion shedding and/or oxidative stress generation from the active surface of MOx internalized into lysosomes. We thus hypothesized that surface passivation could reduce or eliminate the toxicity of MOx. We experimented with a series of surface coating molecules and discovered that ethylenediamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP) could form stable hexadentate coordination with MOx. The coating layer can effectively reduce the surface activity of MOx with 85-99% decrease of oxidative potential, and 65-98% decrease of ion shedding. The EDTMP coated MOx show negligible ROS generation and cell death in THP-1 and BEAS-2B cells. The protective effect of EDTMP coating was further validated in mouse lungs exposed to 2 mg/kg MOx by oropharyngeal aspiration. After 40 h exposure, EDTMP coated MOx show significant decreases of neutrophil counts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, MCP-1, LIX and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), compared to uncoated particles. The haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining results of lung tissue also show EDTMP coating could significantly reduce the pulmonary inflammation of MOx. Conclusions The surface reactivity of MOx including ion shedding and oxidative potential is the dominated physicochemical property that is responsible for the cytotoxicity induced by MOx. EDTMP coating could passivate the surface of MOx, reduce their cytotoxicity and pulmonary hazard effects. This coating would be an effective safe design approach for a broad spectrum of toxic MOx, which will facilitate the safe use of MOx in commercial nanoproducts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-017-0193-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Cai
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Anson Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Cynthia Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
| | - Ruibin Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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McClements DJ, DeLoid G, Pyrgiotakis G, Shatkin JA, Xiao H, Demokritou P. The Role of the Food Matrix and Gastrointestinal Tract in the assessment of biological properties of ingested engineered nanomaterials (iENMs): State of the science and knowledge gaps. NANOIMPACT 2016; 3-4:47-57. [PMID: 29568810 PMCID: PMC5860850 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many foods contain appreciable levels of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) (diameter < 100 nm) that may be either intentionally or unintentionally added. These ENMs vary considerably in their compositions, dimensions, morphologies, physicochemical properties, and biological responses. From a toxicological point of view, it is often convenient to classify ingested ENMs (iENMs) as being either inorganic (such as TiO2, SiO2, Fe2O3, or Ag) or organic (such as lipid, protein, or carbohydrate), since the former tend to be indigestible and the latter are generally digestible. At present there is a relatively poor understanding of how different types of iENMs behave within the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and how the food matrix and biopolymers transform their physico-chemical properties and influence their gastrointestinal fate. This lack of knowledge confounds an understanding of their potential harmful effects on human health. The purpose of this article is to review our current understanding of the GIT fate of iENMs, and to highlight gaps where further research is urgently needed in assessing potential risks and toxicological implications of iENMs. In particular, a strong emphasis is given to the development of standardized screening methods that can be used to rapidly and accurately assess the toxicological properties of iENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- corresponding authors: David Julian McClements, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. ; Tel: 413 545 1019. Philip Demokritou, Center for Nanotechnology an nanotoxicology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston MA 02115, , Tel 617 432-3481, Web: www.hsph.harvard.edu/nano
| | - Glen DeLoid
- Laboratory for Environmental Health NanoScience (LEHNS), Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Laboratory for Environmental Health NanoScience (LEHNS), Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Laboratory for Environmental Health NanoScience (LEHNS), Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- corresponding authors: David Julian McClements, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. ; Tel: 413 545 1019. Philip Demokritou, Center for Nanotechnology an nanotoxicology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston MA 02115, , Tel 617 432-3481, Web: www.hsph.harvard.edu/nano
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