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Ji Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Lv C, Zhou Q, Jiang G, Yan B, Chen L. Beyond the promise: Exploring the complex interactions of nanoparticles within biological systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133800. [PMID: 38368688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of nanoparticle applications is filled with promise, but their impact on the environment and human health raises growing concerns. These tiny environmental particles can enter the human body through various routes, such as the respiratory system, digestive tract, skin absorption, intravenous injection, and implantation. Once inside, they can travel to distant organs via the bloodstream and lymphatic system. This journey often results in nanoparticles adhering to cell surfaces and being internalized. Upon entering cells, nanoparticles can provoke significant structural and functional changes. They can potentially disrupt critical cellular processes, including damaging cell membranes and cytoskeletons, impairing mitochondrial function, altering nuclear structures, and inhibiting ion channels. These disruptions can lead to widespread alterations by interfering with complex cellular signaling pathways, potentially causing cellular, organ, and systemic impairments. This article delves into the factors influencing how nanoparticles behave in biological systems. These factors include the nanoparticles' size, shape, charge, and chemical composition, as well as the characteristics of the cells and their surrounding environment. It also provides an overview of the impact of nanoparticles on cells, organs, and physiological systems and discusses possible mechanisms behind these adverse effects. Understanding the toxic effects of nanoparticles on physiological systems is crucial for developing safer, more effective nanoparticle-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at the Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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Fatkhutdinova LM, Gabidinova GF, Daminova AG, Dimiev AM, Khamidullin TL, Valeeva EV, Cokou AEE, Validov SZ, Timerbulatova GA. Mechanisms related to carbon nanotubes genotoxicity in human cell lines of respiratory origin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 482:116784. [PMID: 38070752 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Potential genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of carbon nanotubes (CNT), as well as the underlying mechanisms, remains a pressing topic. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the genotoxic effect and mechanisms of DNA damage under exposure to different types of CNT. Immortalized human cell lines of respiratory origin BEAS-2B, A549, MRC5-SV40 were exposed to three types of CNT: MWCNT Taunit-M, pristine and purified SWCNT TUBALL™ at concentrations in the range of 0.0006-200 μg/ml. Data on the CNT content in the workplace air were used to calculate the lower concentration limit. The genotoxic potential of CNTs was investigated at non-cytotoxic concentrations using a DNA comet assay. We explored reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, direct genetic material damage, and expression of a profibrotic factor TGFB1 as mechanisms related to genotoxicity upon CNT exposure. An increase in the number of unstable DNA regions was observed at a subtoxic concentration of CNT (20 μg/ml), with no genotoxic effects at concentrations corresponding to industrial exposures being found. While the three test articles of CNTs exhibited comparable genotoxic potential, their mechanisms appeared to differ. MWCNTs were found to penetrate the nucleus of respiratory cells, potentially interacting directly with genetic material, as well as to enhance ROS production and TGFB1 gene expression. For A549 and MRC5-SV40, genotoxicity depended mainly on MWCNT concentration, while for BEAS-2B - on ROS production. Mechanisms of SWCNT genotoxicity were not so obvious. Oxidative stress and increased expression of profibrotic factors could not fully explain DNA damage under SWCNT exposure, and other mechanisms might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ayrat M Dimiev
- Kazan Federal University, Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Timur L Khamidullin
- Kazan Federal University, Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Valeeva
- Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russian Federation
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Shar A, Shar A, Joung D. Carbon nanotube nanocomposite scaffolds: advances in fabrication and applications for tissue regeneration and cancer therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1299166. [PMID: 38179128 PMCID: PMC10764633 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1299166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite scaffolds have emerged as highly promising frameworks for tissue engineering research. By leveraging their intrinsic electrical conductivity and valuable mechanical properties, CNTs are commonly dispersed into polymers to create robust, electrically conductive scaffolds that facilitate tissue regeneration and remodeling. This article explores the latest progress and challenges related to CNT dispersion, functionalization, and scaffold printing techniques, including electrospinning and 3D printing. Notably, these CNT scaffolds have demonstrated remarkable positive effects across various cell culture systems, stimulating neuronal growth, promoting cardiomyocyte maturation, and facilitating osteocyte differentiation. These encouraging results have sparked significant interest within the regenerative medicine field, including neural, cardiac, muscle, and bone regenerations. However, addressing the concern of CNT cytotoxicity in these scaffolds remains critical. Consequently, substantial efforts are focused on exploring strategies to minimize cytotoxicity associated with CNT-based scaffolds. Moreover, researchers have also explored the intriguing possibility of utilizing the natural cytotoxic properties of CNTs to selectively target cancer cells, opening up promising avenues for cancer therapy. More research should be conducted on cutting-edge applications of CNT-based scaffolds through phototherapy and electrothermal ablation. Unlike drug delivery systems, these novel methodologies can combine 3D additive manufacturing with the innate physical properties of CNT in response to electromagnetic stimuli to efficiently target localized tumors. Taken together, the unique properties of CNT-based nanocomposite scaffolds position them as promising candidates for revolutionary breakthroughs in both regenerative medicine and cancer treatment. Continued research and innovation in this area hold significant promise for improving healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Shar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Angela Shar
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daeha Joung
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Majumder S, Dhara B, Mitra AK, Dey S. Applications and implications of carbon nanotubes for the sequestration of organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124934-124949. [PMID: 36719577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth in the population, industrial developments, and climate change over the century have contributed to a significant rise in aquatic pollution leading to a scarcity of clean, reliable, and sustainable water sources and supply. Exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption of organic/inorganic compounds such as heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) discharged from municipalities, hospitals, textile industries, food, and agricultural sectors has caused adverse health outcomes in aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Owing to the high surface area, photocatalytic activity, antimicrobial, antifouling, optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, the application of nanotechnology offers unique opportunities in advanced wastewater management strategies over traditional approaches. Carbon nanomaterials and associated composites such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) buckypaper membranes have demonstrated efficiency in adsorption, photocatalytic activity, and filtration of contaminants and thus show immense potentiality in wastewater management. This review focuses on the application of CNTs in the sequestration of organic and inorganic contaminants from the aquatic environment. It also sheds light on the aquatic pollutant desorption processes, current safety regulations, and toxic responses associated with CNTs. Critical knowledge gaps involving CNT synthesis, surface modification processes, CNT-environment interactions, and risk assessments are further identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satwik Majumder
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, H9X 3V9, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bikram Dhara
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 30 Park St., Mullick Bazar, Park Street Area, West Bengal, 700016, Kolkata, India
| | - Arup Kumar Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 30 Park St., Mullick Bazar, Park Street Area, West Bengal, 700016, Kolkata, India
| | - Satarupa Dey
- Department of Botany, Shyampur Siddheswari Mahavidyalaya, Ajodhya, Howrah, West Bengal, 711312, India.
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Valente A, Vieira L, Silva MJ, Ventura C. The Effect of Nanomaterials on DNA Methylation: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1880. [PMID: 37368308 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that involves the addition of a methyl group to a cytosine residue in CpG dinucleotides, which are particularly abundant in gene promoter regions. Several studies have highlighted the role that modifications of DNA methylation may have on the adverse health effects caused by exposure to environmental toxicants. One group of xenobiotics that is increasingly present in our daily lives are nanomaterials, whose unique physicochemical properties make them interesting for a large number of industrial and biomedical applications. Their widespread use has raised concerns about human exposure, and several toxicological studies have been performed, although the studies focusing on nanomaterials' effect on DNA methylation are still limited. The aim of this review is to investigate the possible impact of nanomaterials on DNA methylation. From the 70 studies found eligible for data analysis, the majority were in vitro, with about half using cell models related to the lungs. Among the in vivo studies, several animal models were used, but most were mice models. Only two studies were performed on human exposed populations. Global DNA methylation analyses was the most frequently applied approach. Although no trend towards hypo- or hyper-methylation could be observed, the importance of this epigenetic mechanism in the molecular response to nanomaterials is evident. Furthermore, methylation analysis of target genes and, particularly, the application of comprehensive DNA methylation analysis techniques, such as genome-wide sequencing, allowed identifying differentially methylated genes after nanomaterial exposure and affected molecular pathways, contributing to the understanding of their possible adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valente
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P. (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Vieira
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P. (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P. (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Célia Ventura
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P. (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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Chu X, Hou Y, Zhang X, Li M, Ma D, Tang Y, Yuan C, Sun C, Liang M, Liu J, Wei Q, Chang Y, Wang C, Zhang J. Hepatic Glucose Metabolism Disorder Induced by Adipose Tissue-Derived miR-548ag via DPP4 Upregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032964. [PMID: 36769291 PMCID: PMC9917501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of glucose metabolism by miR-548ag. For the first time, we found that miR-548ag expression was elevated in the abdominal adipose tissue and serum of subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The conditional knockout of adipose tissue Dicer notably reduced the expression and content of miR-548ag in mouse adipose tissue, serum, and liver tissue. The combined use of RNAseq, an miRNA target gene prediction software, and the dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-548ag exerts a targeted regulatory effect on DNMT3B and DPP4. miR-548ag and DPP4 expression was increased in the adipose tissue, serum, and liver tissue of diet-induced obese mice, while DNMT3B expression was decreased. It was subsequently confirmed both in vitro and in vivo that adipose tissue-derived miR-548ag impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by inhibiting DNMT3B and upregulating DPP4. Moreover, miR-548ag inhibitors significantly improved the adverse metabolic phenotype in both obese mice and db/db mice. These results revealed that the expression of the adipose tissue-derived miR-548ag increased in obese subjects, and that this could upregulate the expression of DPP4 by targeting DNMT3B, ultimately leading to glucose metabolism disorder. Therefore, miR-548ag could be utilized as a potential target in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chu
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical College of Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China
| | - Yanting Hou
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Dingling Ma
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yihan Tang
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Chenggang Yuan
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Chaoyue Sun
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Maodi Liang
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Cuizhe Wang
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-993-205-5801 (C.W. & J.Z.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-993-205-5801 (C.W. & J.Z.)
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Horie M, Sugino S, Ohno T. Follow the time course of inflammation caused by intraperitoneal administration of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231176402. [PMID: 37846071 PMCID: PMC10583511 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231176402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understand the progress of inflammation over time caused by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). METHODS Two types of MWCNTs were administered to C57BL/6N mice via intraperitoneal administration at low and high doses (0.05 and 1.0 mg/mouse, respectively). Inflammation was evaluated until 6 months after administration based on cytokine levels and pathological observations. The abdominal cavity lavage fluid was collected and analyzed 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 month(s) after administration. IL-6 expression markedly increased 3 months after the administration of high-dose MWCNT-7. RESULTS Notable inflammation was observed in the groups administered with one of the MWCNT, MWCNT-7. On the other hand, inflammation in another MWCNT-treated group was milder than that in the MWCNT-7-treated group. MWCNT-7 induced pronounced inflammation but did not induce tumor formation during the experimental period. Inflammation reaction is one of the most important biological responses to MWCNT. CONCLUSION Three months post-exposure becomes a turning point for the harmful effects of the intraperitoneally administered MWCNT-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Health and medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Sakiko Sugino
- Health and medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ohno
- Health and medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
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Belitsky GA, Kirsanov KI, Lesovaya EA, Yakubovskaya MG. Mechanisms of the carcinogenicity of nanomaterials. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2022-9-4-8-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials become more widespread in the different areas of human life, forming the new technosphere philosophy, in particular, new approaches for development and usage of these materials in everyday life, manufacture, medicine etc.The physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials differ significantly from the corresponding indicators of aggregate materials and at least some of them are highly reactive and / or highly catalytic. This suggests their aggressiveness towards biological systems, including involvement in carcinogenesis. The review considers the areas of use of modern nanomaterials, with special attention paid to the description of medicine production using nanotechnologies, an analysis of the mechanisms of action of a number of nanomaterials already recognized as carcinogenic, and also presents the available experimental and mechanistic data obtained from the study of the carcinogenic / procarcinogenic effects of various groups of nanomaterials currently not classified as carcinogenic to humans.Preparing the review, information bases of biomedical literature were analysed: Scopus (307), PubMed (461), Web of Science (268), eLibrary.ru (190) were used. To obtain full-text documents, the electronic resources of PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, Sci-Hub and eLibrary.ru databases were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Belitsky
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - K. I. Kirsanov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
| | - E. A. Lesovaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University
| | - M. G. Yakubovskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
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Zheng L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chai Z, Liu S, Wang B, Dai B, Zhang D. Investigation of PM 2.5-induced carcinogenic effects through mediation of ErbB family based on DNA methylation and transcriptomics analysis by a lung-mimicking microfluidic platform. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114318. [PMID: 36442402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fine particle (PM2.5, less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter) is regarded as a harmful carcinogen. However, the molecular mechanisms of the carcinogenic effects of ambient fine particles have not been fully elucidated, and therapeutic options to address this major public health challenge are lacking. Here, we present global gene-specific DNA methylation and transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) analyses after HBE cells were exposed to fine particles on a portable, small, and all-in-one organ-level lung-mimicking air-liquid interface exposure (MALIE) microfluidic platform. A series of cancer-related signal transduction pathways were activated. ErbB1, ErbB2, and ErbB3 gene expression altered by fine particle exposure was the result of changes in the cellular DNA methylome. The protein expression of ErbB family was inhibited by drugs and could regulate downstream Grb2/Raf pathway and Akt/MDM2 pathway. All of the above results indicated that ErbB family may be promising drug targets for air pollution-related diseases and that inhibitor drugs can be used as therapeutic options to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yule Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zongtao Chai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China; Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, China.
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10
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A review on the epigenetics modifications to nanomaterials in humans and animals: novel epigenetic regulator. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the nanotechnology era, nanotechnology applications have been intensifying their prospects to embrace all the vigorous sectors persuading human health and animal. The safety and concerns regarding the widespread use of engineered nanomaterials (NMA) and their potential effect on human health still require further clarification. Literature elucidated that NMA exhibited significant adverse effects on various molecular and cellular alterations. Epigenetics is a complex process resulting in the interactions between an organism’s environment and genome. The epigenetic modifications, including histone modification and DNA methylation, chromatin structure and DNA accessibility alteration, regulate gene expression patterns. Disturbances of epigenetic markers induced by NMA might promote the sensitivity of humans and animals to several diseases. Also, this paper focus on the epigenetic regulators of some dietary nutrients that have been confirmed to stimulate the epigenome and, more exactly, DNA histone modifications and non-histone proteins modulation by acetylation, and phosphorylation inhibition, which counteracts oxidative stress generations. The present review epitomizes the recent evidence of the potential effects of NMA on histone modifications, in addition to in vivo and in vitro cytosine DNA methylation and its toxicity. Furthermore, the part of epigenetic fluctuations as possible translational biomarkers for uncovering untoward properties of NMA is deliberated.
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Sun Q, Li T, Yu Y, Li Y, Sun Z, Duan J. The critical role of epigenetic mechanisms involved in nanotoxicology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1789. [PMID: 35289073 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely applied in the cosmetic, food, engineering, and medical fields. Along with the prevalence of NMs, the toxicological characteristics exhibited by these materials on health and the environment have gradually attracted attentions. A growing number of evidences have indicated that epigenetics holds an essential role in the onset and development of various diseases. NMs could cause epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression, and histone modifications. NMs might alternate either global DNA methylation or the methylation of specific genes to affect the biological function. Abnormal upregulation or downregulation of ncRNAs might also be a potential mechanism for the toxic effects caused by NMs. In parallel, the phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation of histones also take an important part in the process of NMs-induced toxicity. As the adverse effects of NMs continue to be explored, mechanisms such as chromosomal remodeling, genomic imprinting, and m6 A modification are also gradually coming into the limelight. Since the epigenetic alterations often occur in the early development of diseases, thus the relevant studies not only provide insight into the pathogenesis of diseases, but also screen for the prospective biomarkers for early diagnosis and prevention. This review summarizes the epigenetic alterations elicited by NMs, hoping to provide a clue for nanotoxicity studies and security evaluation of NMs. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Quercetin alleviated multi-walled carbon nanotubes-induced neurotoxicity in mice through inhibition of oxidation, inflammation, and pyroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113160. [PMID: 35605300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that quercetin (Que) could alleviate immunotoxicity induced by pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in mice. In the present study, we explored whether Que could also relieve MWCNTs-induced neurotoxicity. MWCNTs injection induced a dose-dependent neurotoxic effect in mice as evidenced by increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyroptosis in the brain. However, treatment with Que ameliorated MWCNTs-induced neurotoxicity as revealed by 1) elevated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, 2) reduced lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA), 3) improved antioxidant status as indicated by increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), as well as upregulated expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes, 4) decreased levels and expression of inflammatory biomarkers [nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1 beta (IL1ß), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)], 5) downregulated expression of pyroptosis-related genes [nod-like receptor protein inflammasome 3 (Nlrp3) and caspase 1 (Casp1)] but with no effect on the apoptotic Casp3 gene, 6) minimized axonal degeneration and number of microglia in the cerebral medulla, and 7) diminished the number of degenerated neurons in hippocampus and cerebellum. Taken together, Que could ameliorate MWCNT-induced neurotoxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyroptotic mechanisms.
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13
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Applying the exposome concept to working life health. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e185. [PMID: 35434456 PMCID: PMC9005258 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposures at work have a major impact on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Current risk reduction policies and strategies are informed by existing scientific evidence, which is limited due to the challenges of studying the complex relationship between exposure at work and outside work and health. We define the working life exposome as all occupational and related nonoccupational exposures. The latter includes nonoccupational exposures that may be directly or indirectly influenced by or interact with the working life of the individual in their relation to health. The Exposome Project for Health and Occupational Research aims to advance knowledge on the complex working life exposures in relation to disease beyond the single high exposure–single health outcome paradigm, mapping and relating interrelated exposures to inherent biological pathways, key body functions, and health. This will be achieved by combining (1) large-scale harmonization and pooling of existing European cohorts systematically looking at multiple exposures and diseases, with (2) the collection of new high-resolution external and internal exposure data. Methods and tools to characterize the working life exposome will be developed and applied, including sensors, wearables, a harmonized job exposure matrix (EuroJEM), noninvasive biomonitoring, omics, data mining, and (bio)statistics. The toolbox of developed methods and knowledge will be made available to policy makers, occupational health practitioners, and scientists. Advanced knowledge on working life exposures in relation to NCDs will serve as a basis for evidence-based and cost-effective preventive policies and actions. The toolbox will also enable future scientists to further expand the working life exposome knowledge base.
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14
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Sallam AA, Ahmed MM, El-Magd MA, Magdy A, Ghamry HI, Alshahrani MY, Abou El-Fotoh MF. Quercetin-Ameliorated, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Induced Immunotoxic, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Effects in Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:2117. [PMID: 35408516 PMCID: PMC9000348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanding uses of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in industry and medicine have raised concerns about their toxicity on human and animal health. CNTs, including multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs), have been reported to induce immunotoxic, inflammatory, and oxidative effects. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid present in many vegetables and fruits and has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of quercetin on pristine MWCNTs-induced immunotoxicity in mice. In comparison with two doses of MWCNTs, high doses [0.5 mg/kg body weight (BW), once intraperitoneally (IP)] caused higher immunotoxic, inflammatory, and oxidative effects than low doses (0.25 mg/kg BW, once IP). Administration of quercetin (30 mg/kg BW, IP for 2 weeks) relieved these deleterious effects as evidenced by (1) reduced spleen weight, (2) increased number of total leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, (3) elevated serum levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA, (4) decreased lipid peroxide malondialdehyde levels and increased levels of antioxidant markers reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the spleen, (5) decreased concentrations and mRNA levels of inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1 beta (IL1ß), and IL6 in the spleen, (6) downregulated expression of immunomodulatory genes transforming growth factor-beta (TGFß), cyclooxygenase2 (COX2), and IL10, and (7) regenerative histological changes as indicated by decreased mononuclear cell infiltration, minimized degenerative changes and restored lymphocytes depletion in the spleen. These results infer that quercetin can ameliorate MWCNTs-induced immunotoxic, inflammatory, and oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A. Sallam
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.A.S.); (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.E.-F.)
| | - Mona M. Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.A.S.); (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.E.-F.)
| | - Mohammed A. El-Magd
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Magdy
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Heba I. Ghamry
- Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9088, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy F. Abou El-Fotoh
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.A.S.); (M.M.A.); (M.F.A.E.-F.)
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15
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Zhou T, He Y, Qin Y, Wang B, Zhang H, Ding S. Exposure to a combination of MWCNTs and DBP causes splenic toxicity in mice. Toxicology 2022; 465:153057. [PMID: 34864091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The large conjugated π bond in the molecular structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) interacts with the benzene ring structure in di (n-butyl) phthalates (DBP) through a π - π bond. Compounds of CNTs and DBP form easily, becoming another environmental pollutant of concern. We explore whether CNTs entering animals slow down the degradation of the DBP adsorbed in the CNT cavity, thereby prolonging the "hormonal activity" of DBP. In our study, male BALb/c mice were used as experimental subjects divided into four groups: the control group; the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) exposure group (10mg/kg/d); the DBP exposure group (2.15 mg/kg/d); and the compound exposure group (MWCNTs + DBP). After 30 days of exposure, the mice were sacrificed and their spleens used for immunotoxicology study. The results showed that the exposure groups exhibited splenomegaly and suffered severe oxidative damage to the spleen. In the compound exposure group: levels of IgA and IgG in the serum of the mice changed, and were significantly different from levels in both the MWCNTs and DBP exposure groups (p <0.05); the pathological sections of the spleen showed that the boundary between the white pulp area (WP) and the red pulp area (RP) was blurred, that the cell arrangement was loose, and that more red blood cells were retained in the spleen. Proteomics mass spectrometry analysis showed that compared with the control group, 70 proteins were up-regulated and 27 proteins were down-regulated in the MWCNTs group, 36 proteins were up-regulated and 23 proteins were down-regulated in the DBP group, 87 proteins were up-regulated and 21 proteins were down-regulated in the compound exposure group. The results of GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed proteins showed that the compound exposure harmed the spleen antigen recognition, processing, and presentation, inhibited the activation and proliferation of B cells and T cells, and hindered the adaptive immune responses. Our results showed that MWCNTs and DBP compounds can damage the spleen, and impair the innate and adaptive immune functions of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yueyan He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yujie Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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16
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Epigenetic Mechanisms in Understanding Nanomaterial-Induced Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:195-223. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Kamazani FM, Sotoodehnejad Nematalahi F, Siadat SD, Pornour M, Sheikhpour M. A success targeted nano delivery to lung cancer cells with multi-walled carbon nanotubes conjugated to bromocriptine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24419. [PMID: 34952904 PMCID: PMC8709863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, a new nano drug-based multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was prepared and evaluated qualitatively. Bromocriptine (BRC) was conjugated to functionalized carbon nanotubes. Then, the CHNS, FT-IR, SEM, and RAMAN tests for characterization of the conjugated drug were done. The nanofluid-containing nano-drug was evaluated on lung cancer cells (A549 & QU-DB) and MRC5 by MTT and flow cytometry tests. Then, the gene expression studies of dopamine receptor genes were done before and after nano-drug treatment. After that, a western blotting test was carried out for further investigation of dopamine receptors protein production. Finally, Bax and Bcl-2 secretion were measured by the ELISA method in cells affected by MWCNTs-BRC Nf compared to untreated cells. The results showed that the nano-drug had a significant lethal effect on cancer cells, while it had no toxicity on MRC5. Also, the nano-drug could significantly induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells at a lower dose compared to the drug alone. In this study, a targeted nano-drug delivery system was designed, and its performance was evaluated based on neurotransmitter pathways, and the results showed that it may be useful in the treatment of lung cancer. However, additional studies on animal models are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Pornour
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Rossnerova A, Honkova K, Chvojkova I, Pelclova D, Zdimal V, Hubacek JA, Lischkova L, Vlckova S, Ondracek J, Dvorackova S, Topinka J, Rossner P. Individual DNA Methylation Pattern Shifts in Nanoparticles-Exposed Workers Analyzed in Four Consecutive Years. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157834. [PMID: 34360600 PMCID: PMC8346047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA methylation pattern represents an original plan of the function settings of individual cells and tissues. The basic strategies of its development and changes during the human lifetime are known, but the details related to its modification over the years on an individual basis have not yet been studied. Moreover, current evidence shows that environmental exposure could generate changes in DNA methylation settings and, subsequently, the function of genes. In this study, we analyzed the effect of chronic exposure to nanoparticles (NP) in occupationally exposed workers repeatedly sampled in four consecutive years (2016-2019). A detailed methylation pattern analysis of 14 persons (10 exposed and 4 controls) was performed on an individual basis. A microarray-based approach using chips, allowing the assessment of more than 850 K CpG loci, was used. Individual DNA methylation patterns were compared by principal component analysis (PCA). The results show the shift in DNA methylation patterns in individual years in all the exposed and control subjects. The overall range of differences varied between the years in individual persons. The differences between the first and last year of examination (a three-year time period) seem to be consistently greater in the NP-exposed subjects in comparison with the controls. The selected 14 most differently methylated cg loci were relatively stable in the chronically exposed subjects. In summary, the specific type of long-term exposure can contribute to the fixing of relevant epigenetic changes related to a specific environment as, e.g., NP inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-241-062-053
| | - Katerina Honkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Irena Chvojkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (D.P.); (L.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.O.)
| | - Jaroslav A. Hubacek
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Lischkova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (D.P.); (L.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (D.P.); (L.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.O.)
| | - Stepanka Dvorackova
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Department of Engineering Technology, Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University in Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
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19
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Moreira L, Costa C, Pires J, Teixeira JP, Fraga S. How can exposure to engineered nanomaterials influence our epigenetic code? A review of the mechanisms and molecular targets. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108385. [PMID: 34893164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that engineered nanomaterials (ENM) can induce epigenetic modifications. In this review, we provide an overview of the epigenetic modulation of gene expression induced by ENM used in a variety of applications: titanium dioxide (TiO2), silver (Ag), gold (Au), silica (SiO2) nanoparticles and carbon-based nanomaterials (CNM). Exposure to these ENM can trigger alterations in cell patterns of DNA methylation, post-transcriptional histone modifications and expression of non-coding RNA. Such effects are dependent on ENM dose and physicochemical properties including size, shape and surface chemistry, as well as on the cell/organism sensitivity. The genes affected are mostly involved in the regulation of the epigenetic machinery itself, as well as in apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair and inflammation related pathways, whose long-term alterations might lead to the onset or progression of certain pathologies. In addition, some DNA methylation patterns may be retained as a form of epigenetic memory. Prenatal exposure to ENM may impair the normal development of the offspring by transplacental effects and/or putative transmission of epimutations in imprinting genes. Thus, understanding the impact of ENM on the epigenome is of paramount importance and epigenetic evaluation must be considered when assessing the risk of ENM to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Moreira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Costa
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Pires
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Fraga
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Scala G, Delaval MN, Mukherjee SP, Federico A, Khaliullin TO, Yanamala N, Fatkhutdinova LM, Kisin ER, Greco D, Fadeel B, Shvedova AA. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes elicit concordant changes in DNA methylation and gene expression following long-term pulmonary exposure in mice. CARBON 2021; 178:563-572. [PMID: 37206955 PMCID: PMC10193301 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) causes inflammation and fibrosis. Our previous work has shown that industrially produced MWCNTs trigger specific changes in gene expression in the lungs of exposed animals. To elucidate whether epigenetic effects play a role for these gene expression changes, we performed whole genome bisulphite sequencing to assess DNA methylation patterns in the lungs 56 days after exposure to MWCNTs. Lung tissues were also evaluated with respect to histopathological changes and cytokine profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was conducted using a multi-plex array. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics data and DNA methylation data revealed concordant changes in gene expression. Functional analysis showed that the muscle contraction, immune system/inflammation, and extracellular matrix pathways were the most affected pathways. Taken together, the present study revealed that MWCNTs exert epigenetic effects in the lungs of exposed animals, potentially driving the subsequent gene expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mathilde N. Delaval
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sourav P. Mukherjee
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Federico
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Naveena Yanamala
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Liliya M. Fatkhutdinova
- Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena R. Kisin
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Corresponding author. (D. Greco)
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author. (B. Fadeel)
| | - Anna A. Shvedova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Corresponding author. Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA. (A.A. Shvedova)
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21
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Lu X, Li J, Lou H, Cao Z, Fan X. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Alterations and Potential Risk Induced by Subacute and Subchronic Exposure to Food-Grade Nanosilica in Mice. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8225-8243. [PMID: 33938728 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intensive application of nanomaterials in the food industry has raised concerns about their potential risks to human health. However, limited data are available on the biological safety of nanomaterials in food, especially at the epigenetic level. This study examined the implications of two types of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), food-grade precipitated silica (S200) and fumed silica Aerosil 200F (A200F), which are nanorange food additives. After 28-day continuous and intermittent subacute exposure to these SAS via diet, whole-genome methylation levels in mouse peripheral leukocytes and liver were significantly altered in a dose- and SAS type-dependent manner, with minimal toxicity detected by conventional toxicological assessments, especially at a human-relevant dose (HRD). The 84-day continuous subchronic exposure to all doses of S200 and A200F induced liver steatosis where S200 accumulated in the liver even at HRD. Genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing revealed that the differentially methylated regions induced by both SAS were mainly located in the intron, intergenic, and promoter regions after 84-day high-dose continuous exposure. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially methylated genes indicated that exposure to S200 or A200F may lead to lipid metabolism disorders and cancer development. Pathway validation experiments indicated both SAS types as potentially carcinogenic. While S200 inhibited the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway in mouse liver, A200F activated the HRAS-mediated MAPK signaling pathway, which is a key driver of hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, caution must be paid to the risk of long-term exposure to food-grade SAS, and epigenetic parameters should be included as end points during the risk assessment of food-grade nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junying Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - He Lou
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeya Cao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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22
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Wang J, Tian X, Zhang J, Tan L, Ouyang N, Jia B, Chen C, Ge C, Li J. Postchronic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Exposure Causes Irreversible Malignant Transformation of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells through DNA Methylation Changes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7094-7104. [PMID: 33761739 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As environmental pollutants and possible carcinogens, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been found to induce carcinogenesis and tumor metastasis after long-term pulmonary exposure. However, whether CNT-induced carcinogenesis can be inherited and last for generations remains unclear. Herein, postchronic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exposed human lung cell model (BEAS-2B cells) are established to investigate SWCNT-induced carcinogenesis. At a tolerated sublethal dose level, postchronic SWCNT exposure significantly increases the migration and invasion abilities of BEAS-2B cells, leading to malignant cell transformation. Notably, the malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells is irreversible within a 60 day recovery period after SWCNT exposure, and the malignant transformation activities of cells gradually increase during the recovery period. Moreover, these transformed cells promote carcinogenesis in vivo, accompanied by a raised level of biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma. Further mechanism analyses reveal that postchronic exposure to SWCNTs causes substantial DNA methylation and transcriptome dysregulation of BEAS-2B cells. Subsequent enrichment and clinical database analyses reveal that differentially expressed/methylated genes of BEAS-2B cells are enriched in cancer-related biological pathways. These results not only demonstrate that postchronic SWCNT-exposure-induced carcinogenesis is heritable but also uncover a mechanism from the perspective of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medicine College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medicine College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lirong Tan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medicine College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Nan Ouyang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medicine College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Beibei Jia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medicine College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Cuicui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianxiang Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medicine College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Zheng L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Yang Z, Fan Y, Sun Z, Zhao M, Zhu L, Dai B, An D, Zhang D, Liu S. EGFR inhibitors regulate Ca 2+ concentration and apoptosis after PM 2.5 exposure based on a lung-mimic microfluidic system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143200. [PMID: 33213910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has side effects on human health. Epidemiology studies indicate a positive association between ambient fine particle (PM2.5, or particles less than 2.5 μm in diameter) concentration and lung cancer. However, how fine particles affect lung cancer at the molecular level and related therapeutic methods to address these diseases are unclear. Here, the multi-omics analysis (DNA methylation and transcriptomic) was used to detect human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE), that were exposed to PM2.5 using a quantified, small, portable, and organ-level air-liquid interface microfluidic system that mimics lung functions. The results indicate that 36,838 differentially methylated genes were detected. Of these 33,796 genes were hypomethylated (beta < 0), and 2862 genes were hypermethylated (beta > 0). RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that 19,489 genes were upregulated (log2FC > 0), and 16,659 were downregulated. Furthermore, the calcium and apoptosis pathways were activated according to multi-omics analysis. The change in EGFR gene expression after PM2.5 exposure was the result of alterations of the cellular DNA methylome in the promoter. Inhibition or down-regulation of EGFR could result in the regulation of the downstream intracellular Ca2+ concentration and apoptosis via the EGFR/PLCγ and EGFR/STAT/Bcl-XL pathways after PM2.5 exposure. EGFR inhibitors decrease the Ca2+ concentration of cells, thereby strengthening the effects of fine particles on apoptosis. In short, the Ca2+ concentration and the apoptosis of cells can be regulated via EGFR related pathway after PM2.5 exposure. The EGFR may be a potentially promising therapeutic target for the treatment of air pollution-induced lung cancer through regulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yule Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yongfeng Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Mantong Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dong An
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China; Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, China.
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Barbarino M, Giordano A. Assessment of the Carcinogenicity of Carbon Nanotubes in the Respiratory System. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061318. [PMID: 33804168 PMCID: PMC7998467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2014, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified the first type of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as possibly carcinogenic to humans, while in the case of other CNTs, it was not possible to ascertain their toxicity due to lack of evidence. Moreover, the physicochemical heterogeneity of this group of substances hamper any generalization on their toxicity. Here, we review the recent relevant toxicity studies produced after the IARC meeting in 2014 on an homogeneous group of CNTs, highlighting the molecular alterations that are relevant for the onset of mesothelioma. Methods: The literature was searched on PubMed and Web of Science for the period 2015-2020, using different combinations keywords. Only data on normal cells of the respiratory system after exposure to fully characterized CNTs for their physico-chemical characteristics were included. Recent studies indicate that CNTs induce a sustained inflammatory response, oxidative stress, fibrosis and histological alterations. The development of mesothelial hyperplasia, mesothelioma, and lungs tumors have been also described in vivo. The data support a strong inflammatory potential of CNTs, similar to that of asbestos, and provide evidence that CNTs exposure led to molecular alterations known to have a key role in mesothelioma onset. These evidences call for an urgent improvement of studies on exposed human populations and adequate systems for monitoring the health of workers exposed to this putative carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Barbarino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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25
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Lison D, Ibouraadaten S, van den Brule S, Todea M, Vulpoi A, Turcu F, Ziemann C, Creutzenberg O, Bonner JC, Ameloot M, Bové H. Femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy: a new tool to assess the in vitro delivered dose of carbon nanotubes in cell culture experiments. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:9. [PMID: 33602232 PMCID: PMC7890618 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro models are widely used in nanotoxicology. In these assays, a careful documentation of the fraction of nanomaterials that reaches the cells, i.e. the in vitro delivered dose, is a critical element for the interpretation of the data. The in vitro delivered dose can be measured by quantifying the amount of material in contact with the cells, or can be estimated by applying particokinetic models. For carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the determination of the in vitro delivered dose is not evident because their quantification in biological matrices is difficult, and particokinetic models are not adapted to high aspect ratio materials. Here, we applied a rapid and direct approach, based on femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy (FPLM), to assess the in vitro delivered dose of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs). Methods and results We incubated mouse lung fibroblasts (MLg) and differentiated human monocytic cells (THP-1) in 96-well plates for 24 h with a set of different MWCNTs. The cytotoxic response to the MWCNTs was evaluated using the WST-1 assay in both cell lines, and the pro-inflammatory response was determined by measuring the release of IL-1β by THP-1 cells. Contrasting cell responses were observed across the MWCNTs. The sedimentation rate of the different MWCNTs was assessed by monitoring turbidity decay with time in cell culture medium. These turbidity measurements revealed some differences among the MWCNT samples which, however, did not parallel the contrasting cell responses. FPLM measurements in cell culture wells revealed that the in vitro delivered MWCNT dose did not parallel sedimentation data, and suggested that cultured cells contributed to set up the delivered dose. The FPLM data allowed, for each MWCNT sample, an adjustment of the measured cytotoxicity and IL-1β responses to the delivered doses. This adjusted in vitro activity led to another toxicity ranking of the MWCNT samples as compared to the unadjusted activities. In macrophages, this adjusted ranking was consistent with existing knowledge on the impact of surface MWCNT functionalization on cytotoxicity, and might better reflect the intrinsic activity of the MWCNT samples. Conclusion The present study further highlights the need to estimate the in vitro delivered dose in cell culture experiments with nanomaterials. The FPLM measurement of the in vitro delivered dose of MWCNTs can enrich experimental results, and may refine our understanding of their interactions with cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00402-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Saloua Ibouraadaten
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Milica Todea
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio- Nano- Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University (BBU), Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Germany
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio- Nano- Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University (BBU), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flaviu Turcu
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio- Nano- Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University (BBU), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Christina Ziemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Pogribna M, Hammons G. Epigenetic Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:2. [PMID: 33407537 PMCID: PMC7789336 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of nanotechnology and widespread use of engineered nanomaterials in everyday human life has led to concerns regarding their potential effect on human health. Adverse effects of nanomaterials and nanoparticles on various molecular and cellular alterations have been well-studied. In contrast, the role of epigenetic alterations in their toxicity remains relatively unexplored. This review summarizes current evidence of alterations in cytosine DNA methylation and histone modifications in response to nanomaterials and nanoparticles exposures in vivo and in vitro. This review also highlights existing knowledge gaps regarding the role of epigenetic alterations in nanomaterials and nanoparticles toxicity. Additionally, the role of epigenetic changes as potential translational biomarkers for detecting adverse effects of nanomaterials and nanoparticles is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pogribna
- FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, NCTR, HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - George Hammons
- FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, NCTR, HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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27
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Xie D, Luo X. Identification of four methylation-driven genes as candidate biomarkers for monitoring single-walled carbon nanotube-induced malignant transformation of the lung. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 412:115391. [PMID: 33387576 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been reported to induce malignant transformation. This study aimed to screen candidate biomarkers for monitoring occupational workers to prevent the development of lung cancer. mRNA (GSE56104) and methylation (GSE153246) profiles of lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells exposed to malignant transformation dose of single-walled CNTs or control medium were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. A total of 1513 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 912 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified using LIMMA method. The weighted correlation network analysis identified blue and turquoise modules were associated with malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells, 124 DMGs of which were overlapped with DEGs. The mRNA and methylation levels of four methylation-driven DEGs were validated in both lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC) of The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and they were associated with overall survival of LUAD patients. Downregulation of PXMP4 and MCOLN2, while upregulation of MET was confirmed in both LUSC and LUAD via Human Protein Atlas analysis. PXMP4 and MET protein levels were also supported in the proteomic analysis of LUAD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the combination of four genes may be the optimal biomarker for predicting lung cancer, with the area under ROC curve >0.9. Function analysis revealed BARX2 may interact with CCND1 to regulate cell cycle; MET and PXMP4/MCOLN2 may positively correlate with CCR5/IL-6 or GATA3/HLA-DPB1/HLA-DPA1 to involve immune regulation. In conclusion, these four methylation-driven genes may be candidate prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for single-walled CNT-related lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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28
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Gutiérrez-Hernández JM, Castorena-Alejandro C, Pozos-Guillén A, Toriz-González G, Flores H, Escobar-García DM. Gene expression profile involved in signaling and apoptosis of osteoblasts in contact with cellulose/MWCNTs scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111531. [PMID: 33255084 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the expression profile of genes involved in signaling, intracellular and extracellular Ca+2 concentration and apoptosis pathways of osteoblasts in contact with a scaffold made of a composite of BCN/MWCNTs. Osteoblasts were cultivated on BCN, MWCNTs and their mixtures. Osteoblast RNA was extracted for sintering cDNA to amplify genes of interest by PCR; intra- and extracellular calcium (Ca2+) was also quantified. Regarding the genes that participate in the regulation paths (MAPK and NF-KB), it was found that only the expression of NF-KB was affected in all treatments. The expression of VEGFA increased, except in the treatment of high concentration of MWCNTs, where remained unchanged. The expression of genes Apaf-1 and Bcl-2/Bax and TP53 increased as compared to the control (except for TP53 in BC and C1/MWCNTs) indicating that cells are responding to the presence of BCN-MWCNTs composites scaffolds. The results suggest that osteoblast developed a modification in the expression profile of genes that actively participate in cellular processes such as proliferation, vasculogenesis and apoptosis, which may be modulated by the increase of intra- and extracellular Ca2+ concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Castorena-Alejandro
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, 78290 SLP, Mexico
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, 78290 SLP, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Toriz-González
- Department of Wood, Cellulose and Paper Research, University of Guadalajara, 45110 Guadalajara, Mexico; Transdisciplinar Institute for Research and Services, University of Guadalajara, 45150 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Héctor Flores
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, 78290 SLP, Mexico
| | - Diana María Escobar-García
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, 78290 SLP, Mexico.
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Zhang W, Liu S, Han D, He Z. Engineered nanoparticle-induced epigenetic changes: An important consideration in nanomedicine. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:93-107. [PMID: 32980543 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are now being applied across a range of disciplines, and as a result numerous studies have now assessed ENP-related bioeffects. Among them, ENP-induced epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression have recently attracted attention. In this review, we describe the diversity of ENP-induced epigenetic changes, focusing on their interplay with related functional biological events, especially oxidative stress, MAPK pathway activation, and inflammation. In doing so, we highlight the underlying mechanisms and biological effects of ENP-induced epigenetic changes. We also summarize how high-throughput technologies have helped to uncover ENP-induced epigenetic changes. Finally, we discuss future perspectives and the challenges related to ENP-induced epigenetic changes that still need to be addressed.
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Feng X, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Lai X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Hu C, Shao L. Nanomaterial-mediated autophagy: coexisting hazard and health benefits in biomedicine. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:53. [PMID: 33066795 PMCID: PMC7565835 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread biomedical applications of nanomaterials (NMs) bring about increased human exposure risk due to their unique physicochemical properties. Autophagy, which is of great importance for regulating the physiological or pathological activities of the body, has been reported to play a key role in NM-driven biological effects both in vivo and in vitro. The coexisting hazard and health benefits of NM-mediated autophagy in biomedicine are nonnegligible and require our particular concerns. MAIN BODY We collected research on the toxic effects related to NM-mediated autophagy both in vivo and in vitro. Generally, NMs can be delivered into animal models through different administration routes, or internalized by cells through different uptake pathways, exerting varying degrees of damage in tissues, organs, cells, and organelles, eventually being deposited in or excreted from the body. In addition, other biological effects of NMs, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been associated with autophagy and cooperate to regulate body activities. We therefore highlight that NM-mediated autophagy serves as a double-edged sword, which could be utilized in the treatment of certain diseases related to autophagy dysfunction, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and cardiovascular disease. Challenges and suggestions for further investigations of NM-mediated autophagy are proposed with the purpose to improve their biosafety evaluation and facilitate their wide application. Databases such as PubMed and Web of Science were utilized to search for relevant literature, which included all published, Epub ahead of print, in-process, and non-indexed citations. CONCLUSION In this review, we focus on the dual effect of NM-mediated autophagy in the biomedical field. It has become a trend to use the benefits of NM-mediated autophagy to treat clinical diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of NM-mediated autophagy in biomedicine is also helpful for reducing the toxic effects of NMs as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Feng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Orthodontic Department, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xuan Lai
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Junrong Wu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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31
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Morozesk M, Franqui LS, Pinheiro FC, Nóbrega JA, Martinez DST, Fernandes MN. Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes co-exposure with cadmium on zebrafish cell line: Metal uptake and accumulation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity and cell cycle. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110892. [PMID: 32593098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes presence in the environment increases every year because of exponential industrial production around the world. In aquatic environments, carbon nanotubes can interact with other pollutants based on their adsorbent surface chemistry properties. Heavy metal ions represent one of the biggest concerns in water resources nowadays due to anthropogenic activities, in which cadmium (Cd) is one of the most harmful metal for aquatic organisms. This study investigated the influence of two co-exposure protocols differing by the order of interaction of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (ox-MWCNT) with Cd in zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL). The ox-MWCNT was characterized, Cd content in culture medium and uptake by cells were quantified using ICP-MS and, the reactive oxygen species (ROS), the biotransformation enzymes activity of phase I and II as well as the antioxidants defenses and oxidative damage were analyzed. The effects on the cell cycle were investigated by flow cytometry and DNA damage by comet assay. The exposure to ox-MWCNT alone decreased the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase and altered the cell cycle with a reduction of cells in the G2/M phase. Cd exposure alone decreased the activity of catalase and glutathione S-transferase, increased ROS, metallothionein, and lipid peroxidation content and causes genotoxicity in the cells. Despite different incubation protocol, the co-exposure ox-MWCNT-Cd increased the Cd content in ZFL cells after 24 h exposure, increased ROS production and DNA damage without differences between them. Our results showed the modulation of ox-MWCNT on Cd effects and contributed to future co-exposure toxicity investigations and nanosafety regulations involving carbon nanomaterials and aquatic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Morozesk
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Physiological Science Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luiz Av., Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lidiane S Franqui
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., 10.000, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Paschoal Marmo St., 1888, Jd Nova Italia, 13484-332, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Pinheiro
- Chemical Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luiz Av., Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joaquim A Nóbrega
- Chemical Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luiz Av., Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego S T Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., 10.000, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Paschoal Marmo St., 1888, Jd Nova Italia, 13484-332, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marisa N Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Av. Washington Luiz Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil; Physiological Science Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luiz Av., Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Chen H, Humes ST, Rose M, Robinson SE, Loeb JC, Sabaraya IV, Smith LC, Saleh NB, Castleman WL, Lednicky JA, Sabo-Attwood T. Hydroxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes modulate immune responses without increasing 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus titers in infected mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 404:115167. [PMID: 32771490 PMCID: PMC10636740 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have garnered concerns regarding their association with adverse health effects. Few studies have probed how CNTs affect a host's susceptibility to pathogens, particularly respiratory viruses. We reported that exposure of lung cells and mice to pristine single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) leads to significantly increased influenza virus H1N1 strain A/Mexico/4108/2009 (IAV) titers in concert with repressed antiviral immune responses. In the present study, we investigated if hydroxylated multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), would result in similar outcomes. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 20 μg MWCNTs on day 0 and IAV on day 3 and samples were collected on day 7. We investigated pathological changes, viral titers, immune-related gene expression in lung tissue, and quantified differential cell counts and cytokine and chemokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. MWCNTs alone caused mild inflammation with no apparent changes in immune markers whereas IAV alone presented typical infection-associated inflammation, pathology, and titers. The co-exposure (MWCNTs + IAV) did not alter titers or immune cell profiles compared to the IAV only but increased concentrations of IL-1β, TNFα, GM-CSF, KC, MIPs, and RANTES and inhibited mRNA expression of Tlr3, Rig-i, Mda5, and Ifit2. Our findings suggest MWCNTs modulate immune responses to IAV with no effect on the viral titer and modest pulmonary injury, a result different from those reported for SWCNT exposures. This is the first study to show that MWCNTs modify cytokine and chemokine responses that control aspects of host defenses which may play a greater role in mitigating IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sara T Humes
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Melanie Rose
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sarah E Robinson
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Julia C Loeb
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Indu V Sabaraya
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - L Cody Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - William L Castleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John A Lednicky
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Han B, Pei Z, Shi L, Wang Q, Li C, Zhang B, Su X, Zhang N, Zhou L, Zhao B, Niu Y, Zhang R. TiO 2 Nanoparticles Caused DNA Damage in Lung and Extra-Pulmonary Organs Through ROS-Activated FOXO3a Signaling Pathway After Intratracheal Administration in Rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6279-6294. [PMID: 32904047 PMCID: PMC7449758 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s254969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Because of the increased production and application of manufactured Nano-TiO2 in the past several years, it is important to investigate its potential hazards. TiO2 is classified by IARC as a possible human carcinogen; however, the potential mechanism of carcinogenesis has not been studied clearly. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of DNA damage in rat lung and extra-pulmonary organs caused by TiO2nanoparticles. Methods In the present study, SD rats were exposed to Nano-TiO2 by intratracheal injection at a dose of 0, 0.2, or 1 g/kg body weight. The titanium levels in tissues were detected by ICP-MS. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels. The DNA damage and oxidative stress were detected by comet assay and ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px levels, respectively. Results The titanium levels of the 1 g/kg group on day-3 and day-7 were significantly increased in liver and kidney as well as significantly decreased in lung compared to day-1. ROS and MDA levels were statistically increased, whereas SOD and GSH-Px levels were statistically decreased in tissues of rats in dose-dependent manners after Nano-TiO2 treatment. PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a in lung, liver, and kidney activated in dose-dependent manners. The levels of DNA damage in liver, kidney, and lung in each Nano-TiO2 treatment group were significantly increased and could not recover within 7 days. GADD45α, ChK2, and XRCC1 in liver, kidney, and lung of rats exposed to Nano-TiO2 statistically increased, which triggered DNA repair. Conclusion This work demonstrated that Ti could deposit in lung and enter extra-pulmonary organs of rats and cause oxidative stress, then trigger DNA damage through activating the PI3K-AKT-FOXO3a pathway and then promoting GADD45α, ChK2, and XRCC1 to process the DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Pei
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, China Three Gorge University, Yichang 443002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Experimental Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Carbon Nanotubes under Scrutiny: Their Toxicity and Utility in Mesothelioma Research. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Research on the toxicity of engineered carbon nanotubes (CNT) was initiated by Belgian academic chemists and toxicologists more than 15 years ago. It is now undisputed that some of these attractive nanomaterials induce serious illness such as fibrosis and cancer. The physico-chemical determinants of CNT-induced adverse effects are now elucidated and include shape, nanoscale diameter, and structural defects. Generated in vitro and in vivo data on their inflammogenic and fibrogenic activities were combined and translated in AOP (adverse outcome pathways) available for risk assessment and regulatory policies. The asbestos-like carcinogenic effect of CNT, notably their capacity to induce malignant mesothelioma (MM), remain, however, a cause of concern for public health and strongly curb the craze for CNT in industries. MM still represents a real challenge for clinicians and a highly refractory cancer to existing therapeutic strategies. By comparing mesotheliomagenic CNT (needle-like CNT-N) to non mesotheliomagenic CNT (tangled-like CNT-T), our group generated a relevant animal model that highlights immune pathways specifically associated to the carcinogenic process. Evidence indicates that only CNT-N possess the intrinsic capacity to induce a preferential, rapid, and sustained accumulation of host immunosuppressive cells that subvert immune surveillance and suppress anti-mesothelioma immunity. This new concept offers novel horizons for the clinical management of mesothelioma and represents an additional tool for predicting the mesotheliomagenic activity of newly elaborated CNT or nanoparticles.
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Ghosh M, Murugadoss S, Janssen L, Cokic S, Mathyssen C, Van Landuyt K, Janssens W, Carpentier S, Godderis L, Hoet P. Distinct autophagy-apoptosis related pathways activated by Multi-walled (NM 400) and Single-walled carbon nanotubes (NIST-SRM2483) in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE14o-) cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121691. [PMID: 31791862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the recent development in the field of particle and fibre toxicology, parallels have been drawn between Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and asbestos. It is now established that both multi-walled (MWCNTs) and single-walled (SWCNTs) carbon nanotubes might contribute to pulmonary disease. Although multiple mechanisms might be involved in CNT induced pathogenesis, systematic understanding of the relationship between different CNT exposure (MWCNT vs SWCNT) and autophagy/ apoptosis/ necrosis, in human lung epithelial cells remains limited. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure to MWCNT (NM-400), but not SWCNT (NIST-SRM2483), leads to an autophagic response after acute exposure (24 h). MWCNT exposure was characterized by an increase in anti-apoptotic BCL2, downregulation of executor Caspase-3/7 and increase in expression of genes from the autophagy machinery. For SWCNT exposure however, we observed an overexpression of executor Caspase-3/7 and upregulation of pro-apoptotic BAX; enrichment for processes like cornification, apoptotic process, cell differentiation from proteomic analysis. These results clearly indicate a major difference in the pathways initiated by the CNTs, in vitro. While the present study design provides mechanistic understanding after an acute exposure for the tested CNTs, we believe that the information obtained here would have relevance in better understanding of CNT toxicity and pathogenesis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manosij Ghosh
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sivakumar Murugadoss
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Janssen
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stevan Cokic
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carolien Mathyssen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Lode Godderis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, B-3001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Öner D, Ghosh M, Coorens R, Bové H, Moisse M, Lambrechts D, Ameloot M, Godderis L, Hoet PHM. Induction and recovery of CpG site specific methylation changes in human bronchial cells after long-term exposure to carbon nanotubes and asbestos. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105530. [PMID: 32062310 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhalation of asbestos induces lung cancer via different cellular mechanisms. Together with the increased production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grows the concern about adverse effects on the lungs given the similarities with asbestos. While it has been established that CNT and asbestos induce epigenetic alterations, it is currently not known whether alterations at epigenetic level remain stable after withdrawal of the exposure. Identification of DNA methylation changes after a low dose of CNT and asbestos exposure and recovery can be useful to determine the fibre/particle toxicity and adverse outcome. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) were treated with a low and non-cytotoxic dose (0.25 µg/ml) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NM400) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-SRM2483) and 0.05 µg/ml amosite (brown) asbestos for the course of four weeks (sub-chronic exposure). After this treatment, the cells were further incubated (without particle/fibre) for two weeks, allowing recovery from the exposure (recovery period). Nuclear depositions of the CNTs were assessed using femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy in a label-free manner. DNA methylation alterations were analysed using microarrays that assess more than 850 thousand CpG sites in the whole genome. RESULTS At non-cytotoxic doses, CNTs were noted to be incorporated with in the nucleus after a four weeks period. Exposure to MWCNTs induced a single hypomethylation at a CpG site and gene promoter region. No change in DNA methylation was observed after the recovery period for MWCNTs. Exposure to SWCNTs or amosite induced hypermethylation at CpG sites after sub-chronic exposure which may involve in 'transcription factor activity' and 'sequence-specific DNA binding' gene ontologies. After the recovery period, hypermethylation and hypomethylation were noted for both SWCNTs and amosite. Hippocalcinlike 1 (HPCAL1), protease serine 3 (PRSS3), kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3), kruppel like factor 3 (KLF3) genes were hypermethylated at different time points in either SWCNT-exposed or amosite-exposed cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the specific SWCNT (SRM2483) and amosite fibres studied induce hypo- or hypermethylation on CpG sites in DNA after very low-dose exposure and recovery period. This effect was not seen for the studied MWCNT (NM400).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Öner
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Coorens
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Rossnerova A, Honkova K, Pelclova D, Zdimal V, Hubacek JA, Chvojkova I, Vrbova K, Rossner P, Topinka J, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Lischkova L, Klusackova P, Schwarz J, Ondracek J, Ondrackova L, Kostejn M, Klema J, Dvorackova S. DNA Methylation Profiles in a Group of Workers Occupationally Exposed to Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2420. [PMID: 32244494 PMCID: PMC7177382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) has rapidly increased during the last decade due to the vast use of nanomaterials (NMs) in many areas of human life. Despite this fact, human biomonitoring studies focused on the effect of NP exposure on DNA alterations are still rare. Furthermore, there are virtually no epigenetic data available. In this study, we investigated global and gene-specific DNA methylation profiles in a group of 20 long-term (mean 14.5 years) exposed, nanocomposite, research workers and in 20 controls. Both groups were sampled twice/day (pre-shift and post-shift) in September 2018. We applied Infinium Methylation Assay, using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChips with more than 850,000 CpG loci, for identification of the DNA methylation pattern in the studied groups. Aerosol exposure monitoring, including two nanosized fractions, was also performed as proof of acute NP exposure. The obtained array data showed significant differences in methylation between the exposed and control groups related to long-term exposure, specifically 341 CpG loci were hypomethylated and 364 hypermethylated. The most significant CpG differences were mainly detected in genes involved in lipid metabolism, the immune system, lung functions, signaling pathways, cancer development and xenobiotic detoxification. In contrast, short-term acute NP exposure was not accompanied by DNA methylation changes. In summary, long-term (years) exposure to NP is associated with DNA epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Katerina Honkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (D.P.); (S.V.); (Z.F.); (L.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.S.); (J.O.); (L.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Jaroslav A. Hubacek
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Irena Chvojkova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.V.); (P.R.)
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.V.); (P.R.)
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (I.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (D.P.); (S.V.); (Z.F.); (L.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (D.P.); (S.V.); (Z.F.); (L.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Lucie Lischkova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (D.P.); (S.V.); (Z.F.); (L.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Pavlina Klusackova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (D.P.); (S.V.); (Z.F.); (L.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.S.); (J.O.); (L.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.S.); (J.O.); (L.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Lucie Ondrackova
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.S.); (J.O.); (L.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Kostejn
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals CAS, Rozvojova 1, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.Z.); (J.S.); (J.O.); (L.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Jiri Klema
- Department of Computer Science, Czech Technical University in Prague, Karlovo namesti 13, 121 35 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
| | - Stepanka Dvorackova
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Department of Engineering Technology, Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University in Liberec, Studentska 1402/2 Liberec, Czech Republic;
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Yu J, Loh XJ, Luo Y, Ge S, Fan X, Ruan J. Insights into the epigenetic effects of nanomaterials on cells. Biomater Sci 2019; 8:763-775. [PMID: 31808476 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are increasingly being applied in health fields, such as biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Concerns have therefore been raised over their toxicity and numerous studies have been carried out to assess their safety. Most studies on the toxicity and therapeutic mechanisms of nanomaterials have revealed the effects of nanomaterials on cells at the transcriptome and proteome levels. However, epigenetic modifications, for example DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA expression induced by nanomaterials, which play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, have not received sufficient attention. In this review, we therefore state the importance of studying epigenetic effects induced by nanomaterials; then we review the progress of nanomaterial epigenetic research in the assessment of toxicity, therapeutic, and other mechanisms. We also clarify the possible study directions for future nanomaterial epigenetic research. Finally, we discuss the future development and challenges of nanomaterial epigenetics that must still be addressed. We hope to understand the potential toxicity of nanomaterials and clearly understand the therapeutic mechanism through a thorough investigation of nanomaterial epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yifei Luo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Choi K, Shim J, Ko N, Park J. No excessive mutations in transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated α-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout Yucatan miniature pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:360-372. [PMID: 31480150 PMCID: PMC6946973 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Specific genomic sites can be recognized and permanently modified by genome editing. The discovery of endonucleases has advanced genome editing in pigs, attenuating xenograft rejection and cross-species disease transmission. However, off-target mutagenesis caused by these nucleases is a major barrier to putative clinical applications. Furthermore, off-target mutagenesis by genome editing has not yet been addressed in pigs. METHODS Here, we generated genetically inheritable α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) knockout Yucatan miniature pigs by combining transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and nuclear transfer. For precise estimation of genomic mutations induced by TALEN in GGTA1 knockout pigs, we obtained the whole-genome sequence of the donor cells for use as an internal control genome. RESULTS In-depth whole-genome sequencing analysis demonstrated that TALEN-mediated GGTA1 knockout pigs had a comparable mutation rate to homologous recombination-treated pigs and wild-type strain controls. RNA sequencing analysis associated with genomic mutations revealed that TALEN-induced off-target mutations had no discernable effect on RNA transcript abundance. CONCLUSION Therefore, TALEN appears to be a precise and safe tool for generating genome-edited pigs, and the TALEN-mediated GGTA1 knockout Yucatan miniature pigs produced in this study can serve as a safe and effective organ and tissue resource for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joohyun Shim
- Optipharm Inc., Cheongju 28158, Korea.,Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Nayoung Ko
- Optipharm Inc., Cheongju 28158, Korea.,Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Joonghoon Park
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
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40
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Cole E, Ray JL, Bolten S, Hamilton RF, Shaw PK, Postma B, Buford M, Holian A, Cho YH. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes of Varying Size Lead to DNA Methylation Changes That Correspond to Lung Inflammation and Injury in a Mouse Model. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1545-1553. [PMID: 31265265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diversity in physicochemical properties of engineered multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) increases the complexity involved in interpreting toxicity studies of these materials. Studies indicate that epigenetic changes could be at least partially involved in MWCNTs-induced pro-inflammatory and fibrotic lung pathology. Therefore, we examined distinct methylation changes in response to MWCNTs of varied sizes to identify potential epigenetic biomarkers of MWCNTs exposure and disease progression. C57BL/6 mice were exposed via oropharyngeal instillation to a single dose (50 μg) to one of three differently sized MWCNTs: "narrow short" (NS), "wide short" (WS), and "narrow long" (NL). Vehicle-treated control mice received dispersion media (DM) only. Whole lung lavage fluid (LLF) and lung tissue were collected 24 h and 7 days postexposure to evaluate pro-inflammatory cytokines, epigenetic, or histological responses at acute and subchronic intervals, respectively. Luminometric methylation assay and pyrosequencing were used to measure global DNA methylation as well as promoter methylation of inflammation and fibrosis-related genes, respectively. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, while airway thickening and interstitial collagen accumulation were measured in 7-day lung tissue using laser scanning cytometry. Distinct patterns of methylation (i.e., IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α) among the different sized MWCNTs at 24 h postexposure corresponded to some pro-inflammatory cytokine measurements from whole LLF. Fibrosis-related gene, Thy-1, was significantly hypermethylated after exposures to WS and NL MWCNTs, while only NL MWCNTs induced significantly lower global DNA methylation. After 7 days, a hierarchy in airway thickness and interstitial collagen deposition was observed: NS < WS < NL. However, only airway thickness was significantly greater in the WS and NL MWCNTs-exposed groups than the DM-exposed group. These data suggest that methylation changes could be involved in the initial immune response of inflammation and tissue remodeling that precedes lung disease in response to different MWCNTs sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cole
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Jessica L Ray
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Shannon Bolten
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Raymond F Hamilton
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Pamela K Shaw
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Britten Postma
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Mary Buford
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
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41
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Manganese oxide nanoparticles induce genotoxicity and DNA hypomethylation in the moss Physcomitrella patens. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:146-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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42
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Liu X, Liu T, Song J, Hai Y, Luan F, Zhang H, Yuan Y, Li H, Zhao C. Understanding the interaction of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) on estrogen receptor: A combined molecular dynamics and experimental study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:373-379. [PMID: 30731268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Considering the large-scale production of diversified nanomaterials, it is paramount importance to unravel the structural details of interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems, and thus to explore the potential adverse impacts of nanoparticles. Estrogen receptors (ER) is one of the most important receptor of human reproductive system and the binding of carbon nanotubes to estrogen receptors was the possible trigger leading to the reproductive toxicity of carbon nanotubes. Thus, with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) treated as model nanomaterials, a combination of in vivo experiments, spectroscopy assay and molecular dynamic modeling was applied to help us unravel some important issues on the binding characterization between SWCNT and the ligand binding domain (LBD) of ER alpha (ERα). The fluorescence assay and molecular dynamics simulations together validated the binding of SWCNT to ERα, suggesting the possible molecular initiating event. As a consequence, SWCNT binding led to a conformational change on tertiary structure levels and hydrophobic interaction was recognized as the driving force governing the binding behavior between SWCNT and LBD of ERα. A in vivo process presented that the exposure of SWCNT increased ERα expression from 26.43 pg/ml to 259.01 pg/ml, suggesting a potential estrogen interference effects of SWCNT. Our study offers insight on the binding of SWCNT and ERα LBD at atomic level, helpful to accurately evaluate the potential health risks of SWCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juanjuan Song
- Pulmonary Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ying Hai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng Luan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongna Yuan
- School of Information Science & Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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43
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Toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials: Reviewing recent reports in medical and biological systems. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:206-222. [PMID: 31054282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanomaterials in our daily life is increasing, day in day out and concerns have raised about their toxicity for human and other organisms. In this manner, carbon-based nanomaterials have been applied to different products due to their unique physicochemical, electrical, mechanical properties, and biological compatibility. But, there are several reports about the negative effects of these materials on biological systems and cellular compartments. This review article describes the various types of carbon-based nanomaterials and methods that use for determining these toxic effects that are reported recently in the papers. Then, extensively discussed the toxic effects of these materials on the human and other living organisms and also their toxicity routs including Neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Immunotoxicity, Cardiotoxicity, Genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity, Dermatotoxicity, and Carcinogenicity.
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44
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Emerce E, Ghosh M, Öner D, Duca RC, Vanoirbeek J, Bekaert B, Hoet PHM, Godderis L. Carbon Nanotube- and Asbestos-Induced DNA and RNA Methylation Changes in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:850-860. [PMID: 30990028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanoscale tube-shaped carbon materials used in many industrial areas. Their fiber shape has caused concerns about their toxicity given their structural similarity with asbestos. The aim here was to elucidate the effect of CNTs and asbestos exposure on global DNA and RNA methylation and the methylation of genes associated with cell cycle, inflammation, and DNA damage processes in human lung cells. Human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) were exposed for 24 h to 25 and 100 μg/mL CNTs (single-walled CNTs [SWCNTs] and multiwalled CNTs [MWCNTs]) and 2.5 μg/mL asbestos (chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite). Global DNA and RNA (hydroxy)methylation to cytosines was measured by a validated liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry method. Global RNA methylation to adenines was measured by a colorimetric ELISA-like assay. Gene-specific DNA methylation status at certain cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A ( CDKN1A), serine/threonine kinase ( ATM), and TNF receptor-associated factor 2 ( TRAF2) were analyzed by using bisulfite pyrosequencing technology. Only MWCNT-exposed cells showed significant global DNA hypomethylation of cytosine and global RNA hypomethylation of adenosine. SWCNT, MWCNT, and amosite exposure decreased DNA methylation of CDKN1A. ATM methylation was affected by chrysotile, SWCNT, and MWCNT. However, SWCNT exposure led to DNA hypermethylation of TRAF2. These findings contribute to further understanding of the effect of CNTs on different carcinogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Emerce
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gazi University , 06560 Ankara , Turkey
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Deniz Öner
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Bram Bekaert
- Forensic Biomedical Sciences, Department of Imaging and Pathology , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology , University Hospitals Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health , KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven , Belgium.,External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work , IDEWE , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium
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45
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Brzóska K, Grądzka I, Kruszewski M. Silver, Gold, and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Alter miRNA Expression but Do Not Affect DNA Methylation in HepG2 Cells. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12071038. [PMID: 30934809 PMCID: PMC6479689 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanoparticles (NPs) in various applications entails the need for reliable assessment of their potential toxicity for humans. Originally, studies concerning the toxicity of NPs focused on cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, but more recently, attention has been paid to epigenetic changes induced by nanoparticles. In the present research, we analysed the DNA methylation status of genes related to inflammation and apoptosis as well as the expression of miRNAs related to these processes in response to silver (AgNPs), gold (AuNPs), and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) at low cytotoxic doses in HepG2 cells. There were no significant differences between treated and control cells in the DNA methylation status. We identified nine miRNAs, the expression of which was significantly altered by treatment with nanoparticles. The highest number of changes was induced by AgNPs (six miRNAs), followed by AuNPs (four miRNAs) and SPIONs (two miRNAs). Among others, AgNPs suppressed miR-34a expression, which is of particular interest since it may be responsible for the previously observed AgNPs-mediated HepG2 cells sensitisation to tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Most of the miRNAs affected by NP treatment in the present study have been previously shown to inhibit cell proliferation and tumourigenesis. However, based on the observed changes in miRNA expression we cannot draw definite conclusions regarding the pro- or anti-tumour nature of the NPs under study. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the relation between observed changes in miRNA expression and the effect of NPs observed at the cellular level. The results of the present study support the idea of including epigenetic testing during the toxicological assessment of the biological interaction of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Brzóska
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Iwona Grądzka
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
- University of Information Technology and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland.
- Institute of Rural Health, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
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46
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Shi Y, Zhao T, Yang X, Sun B, Li Y, Duan J, Sun Z. PM 2.5-induced alteration of DNA methylation and RNA-transcription are associated with inflammatory response and lung injury. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:908-921. [PMID: 30308865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of systemic pulmonary inflammation and toxicity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure remains unclear. The current study investigated the inflammatory response and lung toxicity of PM2.5 in rats following intratracheal instillation of PM2.5. After repeated (treated every 3 days for 30 days) PM2.5 exposure, total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were markedly elevated. The expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB in rat lung tissue and BEAS-2B cells were significantly upregulated after PM2.5 exposure. Histopathological evaluation suggested that the major pathological changes were alveolar wall thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration of the lungs. Genome wide DNA methylation and RNA-transcription analysis was performed on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to explore the potential mechanisms in vitro. PM2.5 induced genome wide DNA methylation and transcription changes. Differentially methylated CpGs were located in gene promoter region linked with CpG islands. Integrated analysis with DNA methylation and transcription data indicated a clear bias toward transcriptional alteration by differential methylation. Disease ontology of differentially methylated and expressed genes addressed their prominent role in respiratory disease. Functional enrichment revealed their involvement in inflammation or immune response, cellular community, cellular motility, cell growth, development and differentiation, signal transduction and responses to exogenous stimuli. Gene expression validation of ACTN4, CXCL1, MARK2, ABR, PSEN1, PSMA3, PSMD1 verified their functional participation in critical biological processes and supported the microarray bioinformatics analysis. Collectively, our data shows that PM2.5 induced genome wide methylome and transcriptome alterations that could be involved in pulmonary toxicity and pathological process of respiratory disease, providing new insight into the toxicity mechanisms of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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47
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Ghosh M, Öner D, Duca RC, Bekaert B, Vanoirbeek JAJ, Godderis L, Hoet PHM. Single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce sequence-specific epigenetic alterations in 16 HBE cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20351-20365. [PMID: 29755656 PMCID: PMC5945544 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified carbon nanotube (CNT)-induced epigenetic changes as one of the key players in patho-physiological response. In the present study, we investigated whether CNT exposure is associated with epigenetic changes in human bronchial epithelial cells (16 HBE), in vitro. We focused on global DNA methylation, methylation of LINE-1 elements and promoter sequence of twelve functionally important genes (SKI, DNMT1, HDAC4, NPAT, ATM, BCL2L11, MAP3K10, PIK3R2, MYO1C, TCF3, FGFR 1 and AGRN). Additionally, we studied the influence of CNT exposure on miRNA expression. Using a LC-MS/MS method and pyrosequencing for LINE-1, we observed no significant changes in global DNA methylation (%) between the concentrations of multi-walled and single-walled CNT (MWCNT and SWCNT, respectively). Significant changes in sequence-specific methylation was observed in at least one CpG site for DNMT1 (SWCNT), HDAC4 (MWCNT), NPAT/ATM (MWCNT and SWCNT), MAP3K10 (MWCNT), PIK3R2 (MWCNT and SWCNT) and MYO1C (SWCNT). While changes in DNA methylation of the genes were relatively small, these changes were associated with changes in RNA expression, especially for MWCNT. However, the study did not reveal any significant alteration in the miRNA expression, associated with MWCNT and SWCNT exposure. Based on our results, mainly MWCNT influence DNA methylation and expression of the studied genes and could have significant impact on several critical cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manosij Ghosh
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deniz Öner
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu C Duca
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Bekaert
- Forensic Biomedical Sciences, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen A J Vanoirbeek
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment and Health, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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