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Almahmoud OH, Baniodeh B, Musleh R, Asmar S, Zyada M, Qattousah H. Assessment of idiopathic scoliosis among adolescents and associated factors in Palestine. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 74:85-91. [PMID: 38029690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and its related risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), gender, time of the first menstrual cycle, transportation, backpack weight and the way of carrying a backpack. DESIGN AND METHOD a cross-sectional quantitative design was utilized. A convenient sample of adolescent students in grades seven through ten was included in the study. A self-reported questionnaire with three sections: demographic data; physical data including height, weight and PA; and Adam's forward bend test to determine each student's spine's Cobb angle by measuring the angle of trunk rotation using a scoliometer. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with confidence intervals of 95%. RESULTS A total of 820 schoolchildren participated in the study; 53.7% were female and 46.3% were male. Only 22% of these students engaged in vigorous exercise, compared to 36.7% who engaged in low PA; additionally, 10% of the adolescents had a low BMI. After the analysis, it was found that 5.4% of participants had AIS. Low PA (p = 0.001), being underweight (p = 0.038), and time of first menstrual period (p = 0.033) were significantly associated with AIS, while gender, backpack weight, and way of carrying were not statistically related to AIS. Binary logistic regression identified low PA as an independent predictor of AIS (OR = 7.22, 95%CI [1.64, 31.79]). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of AIS in Palestine was significant, which highlighted the importance of this issue at a national and global level. There was an association between AIS and BMI, PA, and the time of the first menstrual cycle, which signifies the importance of early detection of the problem to limit its burden later in life. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Teachers, teenagers, and their parents should be provided with programs that educate and clarify AIS, and a specific protocol should be established for scoliosis screening in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H Almahmoud
- Nursing Department, Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions College, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine.
| | - Baraa Baniodeh
- Nursing Department, Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions College, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
| | - Reem Musleh
- Nursing Department, Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions College, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
| | - Sanabel Asmar
- Nursing Department, Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions College, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Zyada
- Nursing Department, Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions College, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
| | - Hadeel Qattousah
- Nursing Department, Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions College, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
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Sun Y, Wang YX, Liu C, Mustieles V, Pan XF, Zhang Y, Messerlian C. Exposure to Trihalomethanes and Bone Mineral Density in US Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study (NHANES). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21616-21626. [PMID: 38091484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Animal and human studies have suggested that trihalomethane (THM) has toxicity to bone. In this study, we included adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who had quantified blood and tap water THM concentrations [chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM)] and lumbar spine or total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral density (BMD). A 2.7-fold increase in concentrations of blood TCM, DBCM, chlorinated THMs (the sum of TCM, BDCM, and DBCM), and total THMs (the sum of 4 THMs) was associated with lower lumbar spine BMD z-scores by -0.06 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.12, -0.01], -0.06 (95% CI: -0.11, -0.003), -0.08 (95% CI: -0.14, -0.02), and -0.07 (95% CI: -0.13, -0.003), respectively, in adjusted models. Similarly, a 2.7-fold increase in blood BDCM, DBCM, and chlorinated THM concentrations was associated with lower TBLH BMD z-scores by -0.10 (95% CI: -0.17, -0.02), -0.10 (95% CI: -0.17, -0.03), and -0.11 (95% CI: -0.20, -0.01), respectively. Low-to-moderate predictive power was attained when tap water THM concentrations were used to predict blood THM measurements. Notably, the inverse associations for blood THMs persisted exclusively between water concentrations of DBCM and Br-THMs and the TBLH BMD z-scores. Our findings suggest that exposure to THMs may adversely affect the adolescent BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18016,Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Granada 18012,Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Shuangliu Institute of Women's and Children's Health, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Qi X, Peng C, Fu P, Zhu A, Jiao W. Correlation between physical activity and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:978. [PMID: 38115016 PMCID: PMC10729348 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multifactorial aetiology of scoliosis is well known. Physical activity is considered both a treatment and causative factor for idiopathic scoliosis; however, evidence for a causal relationship between physical activity levels and idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to summarise the current evidence regarding the association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and physical activity and further to assess whether the relationship is dose dependent. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from 1991 to July 2022 using the following main keywords: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, physical activity, and risk factors, supplemented with manual searches, secondary citations, and reference searches. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the Scale for Reporting Observational Studies in Enhanced Epidemiology guidelines. RESULTS Eight studies were included in this review, of which six reported an association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and physical activity levels and two reported no association. One British study reported reduced physical function early in life as a new risk factor for scoliosis onset. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity is strongly associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Physical activity should be encouraged as it plays an important role in the prevention of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Further research is needed to determine the dose-dependent relationship between physical activity and prevention of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qi
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Education, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pinting Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanxi Acupuncture Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aiyuan Zhu
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
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Almahmoud OH, Baniodeh B, Musleh R, Asmar S, Zyada M, Qattousah H. Overview of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and associated factors: a scoping review. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:437-441. [PMID: 37982659 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2023-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Around the world, idiopathic scoliosis accounts for the majority of occurrences of adolescent scoliosis. The absence of underlying congenital or neuromuscular problems distinguishes adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), which affects children ages 13 to 18, from other kinds of scoliosis. The prevalence of AIS is influenced by a number of variables, such as physical activity, gender, backpacks, body mass index, and others. AIS has an impact on the child's development not just physically but also psychologically, emotionally, and mentally. This study used nationwide databases to describe the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and associated risk variables. The current review analysis showed that AIS was significant worldwide and that adolescent gender, physical activity, body mass index, backpack carrying and backpack weight were all significant risk factors for developing AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H Almahmoud
- Nursing Department, Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions College, Birzeit University, Birzeit, P.O. Box 14, Palestine
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Glavaš J, Rumboldt M, Karin Ž, Matković R, Bilić-Kirin V, Buljan V, Obelić-Babok T, Aljinović J. The Impact of Physical Activity on Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051180. [PMID: 37240825 DOI: 10.3390/life13051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is increasing, partly due to a lack of physical activity. In a cross-sectional study with 18,216 pupils (5th, 6th, and 8th grades) from four Croatian counties using the forward bend test (FBT; presumed AIS), the prevalence of AIS and its correlation with physical activity were evaluated. Pupils with presumed AIS were less physically active than their peers without scoliosis (p < 0.001). Abnormal FBT was more prevalent among girls than boys (8.3% vs. 3.2%). Boys were more physically active than girls (p < 0.001). Pupils with presumed AIS were less physically active than their peers without scoliosis (p < 0.001). A higher prevalence of presumed AIS was found among inactive or just recreationally active schoolchildren than among those engaged in organized sports (p = 0.001), girls especially. Pupils with presumed AIS were less active and had fewer weekly sports sessions than their peers without scoliosis (p < 0.001). Notably low prevalence of AIS was detected among pupils engaged in soccer (2.8%, p < 0.001), handball (3.4%, p = 0.002), and martial arts (3.9%, p = 0.006), while it was higher than expected in swimming (8.6%, p = 0.012), dancing (7.7%, p = 0.024), and volleyball (8.2%, p = 0.001) participants. No difference was detected for other sports. A positive correlation was found between time spent using handheld electronic devices and the prevalence of scoliosis (rs = 0.06, p < 0.01). This study confirms the increasing prevalence of AIS, particularly among less athletic girls. Further, prospective studies in this field are required to explain whether the higher prevalence of AIS in these sports is due to referral or other aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Glavaš
- Department of School and University Medicine, Teaching Institute for Public Health, Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Rumboldt
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Željka Karin
- Department of School and University Medicine, Teaching Institute for Public Health, Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Roberta Matković
- Department of Mental Health, Teaching Institute for Public Health, Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Bilić-Kirin
- Department of School Medicine, Teaching Institute for Public Health, Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Buljan
- Department of School Medicine, Teaching Institute for Public Health, Osijek-Baranja County, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tanja Obelić-Babok
- Department of Preventive School Medicine, Institute for Public Health, Varaždin County, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Jure Aljinović
- Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation with Rheumatology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- University Department of Health Studies of the University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Newman M, Hannink E, Barker KL. Associations Between Physical Activity and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023:S0003-9993(23)00095-3. [PMID: 36764428 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and physical activity (PA). DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2022/plus citation tracking. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies of participants with radiographically confirmed AIS with ≥10° lateral spinal curvature (Cobb method) and comparator groups without AIS that measured PA were selected by 2 reviewers. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted independently and cross-checked by 2 reviewers. Risk of bias was evaluated using Newcastle Ottawa Scales and overall confidence in the evidence using the GRADE approach. DATA SYNTHESIS Sixteen studies with 9627 participants (9162, 95% women) were included. A history of vigorous PA significantly reduced the odds of being newly diagnosed with AIS by 24% (odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.89) (high certainty). Moderate PA reduced odds by 13% (moderate certainty) and light PA increased odds by 9% (low certainty), but neither analysis was statistically significant. Ballet or gymnastics (OR 1.47, 95% CI 3.08 (1.90, 5.00) were the only individual sports significantly associated with AIS diagnosis (moderate certainty). Case-control studies of people with and without AIS provided greater evidence that having AIS reduces vigorous PA and sports participation, and less evidence light PA and walking are affected. CONCLUSION Adolescents who participate in more vigorous PA are less likely to be diagnosed with AIS. Ballet and gymnastics are associated with AIS diagnosis, but the direction of this association is uncertain. People with AIS are likely to do less vigorous physical and sporting activity compared with those without AIS, which could negatively affect health and quality of life. Further research is warranted into the inter-relations between PA and AIS, studies need to be of sufficient size, include men, and evaluate vigorous including higher-impact PA compared with moderate or light PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Newman
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Erin Hannink
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen L Barker
- Physiotherapy Research Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Bonavolontà V, Gallotta MC, Zimatore G, Curzi D, Ferrari D, Vinciguerra MG, Guidetti L, Baldari C. Chronic Effects of Asymmetric and Symmetric Sport Load in Varsity Athletes across a Six Month Sport Season. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2186. [PMID: 36767552 PMCID: PMC9916379 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The relation between specific sport practice and possible spine modifications is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different sports on the spine in adult varsity athletes across a six month sports season. Forty-four athletes (24.5 ± 3 years) were divided into two groups according to the typology of the sport practiced: the symmetric sports group (S, 22 athletes: track and field running, n = 14; cycling, n = 8), and the asymmetric sports group (A, 22 athletes: tennis, n = 22). The participants' spines were evaluated with Formetric® 4D rasterstereographic analysis at the beginning (BL), in the middle (INT), and at the end (FIN) of the season. Twenty-five parameters were measured in an average 4D modality. The results showed that the intervention factor (BL vs. FIN) had a significant effect on dimple distance (p < 0.05) and on left lateral deviation (BL vs. FIN and INT vs. FIN, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). Statistical differences were found for the sport typology factor for pelvic antero-retroversion and right lateral deviation. For left lateral deviation, no modulation was found for the sport typology. Asymmetric versus symmetric sport loads showed small statistical differences in a non-professional sample of adult athletes. The practice of asymmetric sports should also be encouraged without exceeding the total number of hours per week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Bonavolontà
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Gallotta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zimatore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Davide Curzi
- Department Unicusano, University Niccolò Cusano, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Dafne Ferrari
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
- Department Unicusano, University Niccolò Cusano, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Vinciguerra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Department Unicusano, University Niccolò Cusano, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
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Mousavi L, Seidi F, Minoonejad H, Nikouei F. Prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001312. [PMID: 35999823 PMCID: PMC9362835 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) in child, adolescent and adult athletes of all sports activity levels. Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Sage journals, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Springer) were systematically searched up from inception to 28 September 2021. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Observational investigations were included to evaluate the prevalence of IS in athletes (engaged in any type of individual and team sports). Congenital scoliosis, neuromuscular scoliosis, Scheuermann’s kyphosis and de novo scoliosis were not included. The risk of bias was assessed using the tool developed by Hoy et al. Results Twenty-two studies were included (N=57 470, range 15–46544, participants), thirteen studies were of high-quality. The estimated prevalence of IS in athletes was 27% (95% CI 20% to 35%, I2=98%), with a 95% prediction interval (1% to 69%). The prevalence of IS was significantly higher in female athletes (35%, 95% CI 27% to 34%, I2=98%). Ballet dancers showed a high IS prevalence (35%, 95% CI 24% to 47%, I2=98%). Recreational athletes showed a higher IS prevalence (33%, 95% CI 24% to 43%, I2=98%) than at competitive-level athletes (0.05%, 95% CI 0.03% to 0.08%, I2=98%), followed by elite (20%, 95% CI 13% to 27%, I2=98%). Conclusions The prevalence of IS in athletes was similar or higher to that as seen in other studies of the general population. IS prevalence may have a U-shaped relationship relative to level of competition. Further studies are required to determine which sports have the highest IS prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mousavi
- Health and Sports Medicine Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foad Seidi
- Health and Sports Medicine Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Minoonejad
- Health and Sports Medicine Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Nikouei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kasović M, Štefan L, Piler P, Zvonar M. Longitudinal associations between sport participation and fat mass with body posture in children: A 5-year follow-up from the Czech ELSPAC study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266903. [PMID: 35404976 PMCID: PMC9000121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the study was to examine longitudinal associations between sport participation and fat mass with body posture in children. We used data from children recruited in the Czech European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (CELSPAC) at the ages of 11 y (n = 1065), 13 y (n = 811) and 15 y (n = 974). Information on body posture, practicing sport in a club and at a competitive level, and skinfold thicknesses (biceps, triceps, subscapula, suprailiaca and thigh) from pediatrician’s medical records were collected. Body posture was inspected by a pediatrician. The sum of 5 skinfolds was used as a proxy of fat mass. The 85th and 95th percentiles defined ‘overfat’ and ‘obese’children. Practicing sport in a club and at a competitive level were included as ‘yes/no’ answers. General linear mixed models with risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Overall, 35.6% of children and adolescents had impaired body posture; the prevalence of ’incorrect’ body posture increased by age (from 41.0% to 28.0%, p<0.001). Practicing sport in a club and at a competitive level decreased by follow-up (p<0.001), while the level of ‘overfat’ and ‘obese’ children increased (p<0.01). In separate models, ’incorrect’ body posture was associated with non-practicing sport in clubs (RR = 1.68; 95% CI 1.43–1.97, p<0.001) or at competitive level (RR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.37–1.88, p<0.001) and with being ’overfat’ (RR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.52–2.75, p<0.001) and ’obese’ (RR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.68–2.75, p<0.001). When all variables were put simultaneously into the model additionally adjusted for sex, self-rated health and baseline body posture, similar associations remained. This study shows, that not participating in sport and being overfat/obese are longitudinally associated with ‘incorrect’ body posture. Therefore, the detection of these risk factors in childhood, through the development of school- and community-based interventions, should be advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kasović
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Research and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Pavel Piler
- Department of Research and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Zvonar
- Department of Research and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Risk Factors, Lifestyle and Prevention among Adolescents with Idiopathic Juvenile Scoliosis: A Cross Sectional Study in Eleven First-Grade Secondary Schools of Palermo Province, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312335. [PMID: 34886069 PMCID: PMC8656498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has an incidence of 2–3% in the general population and a multifactorial etiology. The present study aims to analyze modifiable risk factors and their interactions in the development of AIS in order to increase knowledge about the disease and to prevent the evolution of AIS in young students with tailored public health strategies. A cross-sectional study was conducted over two consecutive school years among students attending 11 first-grade secondary schools in the province of Palermo, Italy. A self-administered questionnaire that investigated socio-demographical, physical and anamnestic characteristics and habits, focusing on possible risk factors associated with idiopathic scoliosis, was administered. In addition, a clinical evaluation was performed with Adams’ test and Bunnel’s inclinometer. Suspected AIS cases were associated with the practice of high-risk sports (p < 0.05), weekly physical activity lasting ≥3 h (p < 0.05), lower back pain (p < 0.001), posture disorders (p < 0.01) and having had no contact with a physician (p < 0.01). Practice of high-risk sports (adj OR = 1.83; CI 95% 1.11–4.76) and suffering of posture disorders (adj OR = 1.67; CI 95% 1.12–3.60) showed a significant association with a confirmed diagnosis of AIS (Cobb angle ≥ 10° at X-ray). The risk factors associated with AIS are still unclear. Therefore, it is crucial to identify early modifiable and multiple risk factors to prevent the evolution of scoliosis in school-age children.
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Lahmar S, Kessabi K, Messaoudi I. Aphanius fasciatus: a molecular model of scoliosis? Spine Deform 2021; 9:883-892. [PMID: 33512704 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-021-00291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Observational study of Killifish with spinal deformities OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the morphology and molecular biology of Aphanius fasciatus with severe spine deformities. Idiopathic Scoliosis affects 3% of the population and is an abnormal three-dimensional curvature of the spine with unknown cause. The lack of a model system with naturally occurring spinal curvatures has hindered research on the etiology of IS. METHODS The Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus, collected from the coast of Sfax (Tunisia), which has an inborn skeletal deformity was chosen. We used morphologic features to evaluate the severity of scoliosis according to the different types and performed a biochemical analysis using factors previously studied in humans (estradiol, melatonin and Insulin Growth Factor 1 "IGF-1"). RESULTS We have detected relevant molecular deviations that occur in Killifish deformities and the fish with severe scoliosis are smaller and less old than the ones with milder scolioses. Furthermore, a significant change in levels of ovarian estradiol, liver IGF-1 and brain melatonin was noted between deformed and normal fish. CONCLUSIONS Aphanius fasciatus could be used as a molecular model system to study the etiology of IS in humans as the characterization of the Aphanius fasciatus scoliosis syndrome has revealed morphological and biochemical parallels to IS. However, it is important to note the limitations of the proposed model, including the short lifespan of the fish. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Lahmar
- Université de Monastir, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie.
| | - Kaouthar Kessabi
- Université de Monastir, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- Université de Monastir, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Laboratoire LR11ES41 Génétique Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bio-Ressources, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie
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Influence of physical activity and postural habits in schoolchildren with scoliosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:63. [PMID: 33926556 PMCID: PMC8086061 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scoliosis is considered one of the main musculoskeletal changes in childhood, and is characterized by three-dimensional changes in the spine. Schoolchildren is a group who are directly exposed to this condition because they go through a rapid growth phase in adolescence, added to other external factors such as school environment and daily living habits such as little physical activity. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with scoliosis in schoolchildren. METHODS An observational, retrospective case control study with a quantitative approach was carried out in the city of Santa Cruz/RN. The presence of scoliosis was assessed using the Adams test and physical activity by the Daily Physical Activity Index (IPAQ) and by a questionnaire on competitive sports practice, in addition to a questionnaire on postural habits in childhood and adolescence. Conditional multiple logistic regression was performed for statistical analysis, and the adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and the respective confidence intervals (95%) of the outcome variable were estimated. RESULTS A total of 156 schoolchildren participated in the study, with an average age of 13.9 years, with 55.1% being female and 44.9% male, attending between the 6th grade of elementary school and the 3rd year of high school. Furthermore, 42.9% of these participants were considered irregularly active and only 33.3% practiced physical activity on a regular basis. After bivariate analysis and conditional logistic regression, little physical activity was shown to be a risk factor for scoliosis (p = 0.041; OR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.04-7.57), while the postural habits evaluated in this study did not show a statistical association with scoliosis. CONCLUSION Low practice of physical activity and schoolchildren being classified as irregularly active were considered as risk factors for scoliosis, however postural habits do not seem to be associated with this condition.
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Abstract
Etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a complicated three-dimensional spinal deformity with early-onset, receives continuous attention but remains unclear. To gain an insight into AIS pathogenesis, this review searched PubMed database up to June 2019, using key words or medical subject headings terms including "adolescent idiopathic scoliosis," "scoliosis," "pathogenesis," "etiology," "genetics," "mesenchymal stem cells," and their combinations, summarized existing literatures and categorized the theories or hypothesis into nine aspects. These aspects include bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell studies, genetic studies, tissue analysis, spine biomechanics measurements, neurologic analysis, hormone studies, biochemical analysis, environmental factor analysis, and lifestyle explorations. These categories could be a guidance for further etiology or treatment researches to gain inspiration.
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Dietary Habits Had No Relationship with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Analysis Utilizing Quantitative Data about Dietary Intakes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102327. [PMID: 31581484 PMCID: PMC6835473 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several genetic and environmental factors have been identified as risk factors of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the influence of dietary intake has not been elucidated. We evaluated the association between AIS and dietary habits among female students. Junior high school girls aged 12 to 15 years in the Tokyo metropolitan area who underwent a second school screening for scoliosis were recruited. AIS was diagnosed by orthopedic surgeons specializing in scoliosis, using standing whole spine radiography. Students with a Cobb angle of ≥15° were classified into the AIS group, and others were considered healthy controls. Dietary assessment was performed using a validated diet history questionnaire. Dietary intakes were categorized into quintiles based on distribution, and crude and multivariable odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for AIS for each quintile category of dietary variable were calculated, with the lowest quintile category used as a reference. In total, 2431 subjects were included in the analysis, and 47.8% of them were diagnosed with AIS. None of the selected nutrients or food groups was significantly associated with AIS. In conclusion, dietary habits may not be associated with AIS.
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Li J, Yang G, Liu S, Wang L, Liang Z, Zhang H. Suv39h1 promotes facet joint chondrocyte proliferation by targeting miR-15a/Bcl2 in idiopathic scoliosis patients. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:107. [PMID: 31337422 PMCID: PMC6651996 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a complex disease with an unclear etiology, and the worldwide prevalence is approximately 2–3%. As an important link between environmental factors and phenotypic differences, epigenetic changes, such as lncRNA, miRNA, and DNA methylation, have recently been reported to be associated with the development of IS. However, the correlation between histone methylation, another classical epigenetic mechanism, and IS has not been determined. In this study, we investigated the morphological changes, alterations in the levels of histone methylation, and cell proliferation-related pathway in inferior facet joint cartilage in 11 IS patients and 10 comparable controls. Results Compared with the control group, narrowed facet joint cartilage but increased proliferative chondrocytes and upregulated collagen type II (COL2A1) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) were observed in IS patients. Additionally, tri-methylation levels of H3K9 (H3K9me3) rather than other lysine sites were significantly increased in IS patients, coinciding with the upregulation of its specific enzyme, suppressor of variegation 3-9, drosophila homolog of 1 (SUV39H1). In addition, Bcl2-targeted miR-15a was downregulated in IS patients, and the level of H3K9me3 in the promoter region of the miR-15a host gene was remarkably increased in IS patients compared with the control group. Moreover, overexpressing SUV39H1 in ATDC5 cells with increased H3K9me3 levels led to similar changes, with increased expression of COL2A1 and Bcl2, decreased expression of miR-15a, and increased cell proliferation. Conclusions Thus, our study suggests that increased chondrocyte proliferation occurs in the facet joint cartilage of IS patients compared with the control group and may be promoted by the elevated levels of H3K9me3 and SUV39H1, which regulate the miR-15a/Bcl2 pathway. This dysregulation of chondrocyte proliferation could result in abnormal spinal growth and may additionally participate in the development and progression of IS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0706-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guanteng Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Longjie Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuotao Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Provide primary care physicians with the best available evidence to support answers to frequently asked questions by caregivers of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). RECENT FINDINGS A review of best available evidence shows that schoolbag design and weight are not associated with higher odds of developing AIS. However, patients with AIS are more prone to balance problems with asymmetric backpack carrying and with rising weights. In patients with AIS, the backpack should be worn in a symmetric way and should never exceed 10% of the child's body weight. Although no relationship was found between systematic exercising in general and development of AIS, classical ballet and professional swimming in skeletally immature adolescents were associated to higher odds of having AIS. Since AIS affects adolescent girls mainly, women health issues are of paramount importance in this disease. Except for limited sexual activity and higher need for infertility treatment, patients with AIS perform similar to controls in marriage rates, age at first pregnancy, gestational age, offspring, labor and delivery. Best available evidence shows that adults with AIS diagnosed during adolescence have similar physical activity level compared with controls. In patients with AIS, adults with surgically treated idiopathic scoliosis have slightly lower physical activity level than previously braced and untreated patients. SUMMARY Although schoolbag weight isn't associated with higher odds of developing AIS, classical ballet and professional swimming in adolescents are. Except for limited sexual activity, patients with AIS perform similar to controls in remaining women health issues. Adults with AIS diagnosed during adolescence have similar physical activity level compared with controls.
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Jiang H, Yang F, Lin T, Shao W, Meng Y, Ma J, Wang C, Gao R, Zhou X. Asymmetric expression of H19 and ADIPOQ in concave/convex paravertebral muscles is associated with severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Mol Med 2018; 24:48. [PMID: 30241458 PMCID: PMC6145194 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common paediatric spinal deformity. The etiology and pathology of AIS remain unexplained, and have been reported to involve a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors. Since paravertebral muscle imbalance plays an important role in the onset and progression of scoliosis, we aimed to investigate transcriptomic differences by RNA-seq and identify significantly differentially expressed transcripts in two sides of paravertebral muscle in AIS. Methods RNA-seq was performed on 5 pairs of paravertebral muscle from 5 AIS patients. Significantly differentially expressed transcripts were validated by quantitative reverse polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression difference was correlated to clinical characteristics. Results We demonstrated that ADIPOQ mRNA and H19 is significantly differentially expressed between two sides of paravertebral muscle, relatively specific in the context of AIS. Relatively low H19 and high ADIPOQ mRNA expression levels in concave-sided muscle are associated with larger spinal curve and earlier age at initiation. We identified miR-675-5p encoded by H19 as a mechanistic regulator of ADIPOQ expression in AIS. We demonstrated that significantly reduced CCCTC-binding factor (CCTF) occupancy in the imprinting control region (ICR) of the H19 gene in the concave-sided muscle contributes to down-regulated H19 expression. Conclusions RNA-seq revealed transcriptomic differences between two sides of paravertebral muscle in AIS patients. Our findings imply that transcriptomic differences caused by epigenetic factors in affected individuals may account for the structural and functional imbalance of paravertebral muscle, which can expand our etiologic understanding of this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-018-0049-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering (14DZ2272300), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Gait in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Effect of surgery at 10 years of follow-up. Gait Posture 2018; 61:141-148. [PMID: 29353740 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess radiological and gait biomechanical changes before, at one and 10 years after surgery in AIS patients. METHODS This clinical prospective study included fifteen adult women (mean[SD] age: 26 [1] years) diagnosed with thoraco-lumbar/lumbar AIS and operated 10 years ago. Clinical, radiological and gait variables, including kinematics, electromyography (EMG), mechanics and energetics were compared between presurgery (S0), 1 year (S1) and 10 years (S2) postsurgery period using a one way repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS The Cobb angle of the scoliosis curve was reduced by 55% at 1 year postsugery but only by 37% at 10 years postsurgery suggesting a loss of 32% over time. Frontal plumb line C7-S1 distance was significantly improved by surgery (-44%) and remained stable at 10 years postsurgery. Lower limb kinematics was not affected by the surgery at long term. Excessive bilateral activation of lombo-pelvic muscles, observed before surgery, decreased significantly at S1 and S2 period. Mechanical energy increased significantly between S0, S1 and S2 session, without any change for the energetic variables. CONCLUSIONS Between 1 and 10 years post-surgery, thoraco-lumbar/lumbar AIS women showed a few decompensation of the curve without any change of the improved frontal body balance. Lower limbs and pelvic motion, during gait, was not affected by the surgery. But presurgical excessive EMG activity of the lumbo-pelvic muscle and reduced mechanical energy produced to walk get similar to normal patterns. Only the oxygen consumption remained excessive probably due to physical deconditioning or postural instability.
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Watanabe K, Michikawa T, Yonezawa I, Takaso M, Minami S, Soshi S, Tsuji T, Okada E, Abe K, Takahashi M, Asakura K, Nishiwaki Y, Matsumoto M. Physical Activities and Lifestyle Factors Related to Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017; 99:284-294. [PMID: 28196030 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.16.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to genetic factors, environmental and lifestyle factors are thought to play an important role in the onset of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore lifestyle factors related to AIS. METHODS This study included 2,759 Japanese female junior high school students who planned a secondary screening after an initial moiré topography screening indicated possible scoliosis. The students and their mothers, or guardians, were asked to fill out a questionnaire consisting of 38 questions about demographic factors, lifestyle-related factors, social factors, household environment, participation in sports, health status, and factors related to the mother's pregnancy and delivery. The questionnaire was completed by 2,747 students (a 99.6% response rate). After excluding students with heart disease, neurological disease, or a congenital vertebral anomaly, 2,600 students were eligible for assessment. After undergoing a secondary screening with standing radiographs of the spine, students were assigned to the normal (control) group if radiographs showed a curve of <15° or to the scoliosis group if they had a curve of ≥15°. The odds ratios (ORs) for AIS in relation to the possible risk or preventive factors were estimated by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS No lifestyle-related factor was significantly associated with AIS. However, AIS was associated with classical ballet training (OR, 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.75); the odds of AIS developing increased as the child's frequency of training, number of years of experience, and duration of training in ballet increased. The OR for AIS was 1.5 times higher for participants whose mothers had scoliosis. AIS was also associated with a low body mass index (BMI). These associations remained even after mutual adjustment was performed. CONCLUSIONS No association was found between AIS and lifestyle-related factors. However, classical ballet training, a family history of scoliosis, and low BMI may be associated with AIS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Watanabe
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan 2National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan 5Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Chiba, Japan 6Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zikei University, Tokyo, Japan 7Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan 8Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saiseikai Chuo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan 9Tokyo Health Service Association, Tokyo, Japan 10Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 11Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
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Cao Y, Min J, Zhang Q, Li H, Li H. Associations of LBX1 gene and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 34,626 subjects. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:309. [PMID: 27450593 PMCID: PMC4957912 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The results of studies investigating the association between the ladybird homeobox 1 (LBX1) gene polymorphisms and the risk of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are not all the same. As such, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the association between LBX1 gene polymorphisms and AIS susceptibility. Methods Relevant studies published before 15 November 2015 were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, ISI web of knowledge, EBSCO, CNKI and CBM. The strength of relationship was assessed by using odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CI). Results A total number of eight case-control studies including 10,088 cases and 24,538 controls were identified. The results showed that T allele of rs111090870 increased AIS susceptibility in Asians (T vs. C, OR = 1.22, 95 % CI: 1.16–1.29, P < 0.001), Caucasians (T vs. C, OR = 1.17, 95 % CI: 1.14–1.21, P < 0.001) and in female (T vs. C, OR = 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.17–1.25, P < 0.001). The G allele of rs678741 decreased AIS risk in female (G vs. A, OR = 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.81–0.85, P < 0.001), and the G allele of the rs625039 increased AIS susceptibility in Asians (G vs. A, OR = 1.14, 95 % CI: 1.11–1.17, P < 0.001). Conclusions Our meta-analysis provides evidence that rs111090870, rs678741 and rs625039 polymorphisms near LBX1 gene are associated with AIS susceptibility in some populations. However, our findings are based on only a limited number of studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1139-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, 158 Guangchanghou Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Jikang Min
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, 158 Guangchanghou Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.
| | - Qianghua Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, 158 Guangchanghou Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, 158 Guangchanghou Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First People's Hospital of Huzhou, 158 Guangchanghou Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
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McMaster ME, Lee AJ, Burwell RG. Erratum to: Physical activities of Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): preliminary longitudinal case-control study historical evaluation of possible risk factors. SCOLIOSIS AND SPINAL DISORDERS 2016; 11:10. [PMID: 27297127 PMCID: PMC4900240 DOI: 10.1186/s13013-016-0070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13013-015-0029-8.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne E McMaster
- Scottish National Paediatric Spine Deformity Centre, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, EH9 1LF, UK
| | - Amanda Jane Lee
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - R Geoffrey Burwell
- Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK
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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evidence for intrinsic factors driving aetiology and progression. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2016; 40:2075-2080. [PMID: 26961194 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-016-3132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is now considered to be a multifactorial heterogeneous disease, with recent genomic studies supporting the role of intrinsic factors in contributing to the onset of disease pathology and curve progression. Understanding the key molecular signalling pathways by which these intrinsic factors mediate AIS pathology may facilitate the development of pharmacological therapeutics and the identification of predictive markers of progression. The heterogenic nature of AIS has implicated multiple tissue types in the disease pathophysiology, including spinal bone, intervertebral disc and paraspinal muscles. In this review, we highlight some of the mechanisms and intrinsic molecular regulators within these different tissue types and review the evidence for their involvement in AIS pathology.
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Burwell RG, Clark EM, Dangerfield PH, Moulton A. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): a multifactorial cascade concept for pathogenesis and embryonic origin. SCOLIOSIS AND SPINAL DISORDERS 2016; 11:8. [PMID: 27252984 PMCID: PMC4888516 DOI: 10.1186/s13013-016-0063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper formulates a novel multifactorial Cascade Concept for the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This Concept stems from the longitudinal findings of Clark et al. (J Bone Miner Res 29(8):1729-36, 2014) who identified leptin body composition factors at 10 years of age associated with a scoliosis deformity found at 15 years. We interpret these findings in the light of some concepts for AIS pathogenesis. In particular, we speculate that the leptin body composition effect is linked to central nervous system development and the initiation of the asynchronous neuro-osseous growth mechanism that involves the creation of a neuraxis tether of relative anterior vertebral overgrowth. The latter mechanism in combination with age and gender-related anatomical variants of vertebral backward tilt (dorsal shear concept), human upright posture, adolescent growth factors, Hueter-Volkmann effect in vertebrae and vertebral bone mass abnormalities, lead to AIS, possibly both initiation and progression of scoliosis curvatures. Being multifactorial, while the Cascade Concept cannot be tested for all its components, some components should be testable by the method of numerical simulation. Clark et al. (J Bone Miner Res 29(8):1729-36, 2014) also suggested the origin of scoliosis was in the embryonic stages of life from cell types, including adipocytes and osteoblasts, derived from the same progenitor cells, and myoblasts from mesodermal somites. The involvement of cell types from different developmental origins suggests a process acting in embryonic life at a similar time, probably environmental, as previously proposed from anthropometric studies. As a Complex disease, AIS will involve genetic, environmental and life style factors operating in development and growth; this possibility needs evaluating in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Geoffrey Burwell
- Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emma M Clark
- Academic Rheumatology, Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Alan Moulton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King's Mill Hospital, Mansfield, UK
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