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Haeri-Mehrizi A, Mohammadi S, Rafifar S, Sadighi J, Kermani RM, Rostami R, Hashemi A, Tavousi M, Montazeri A. Health literacy and mental health: a national cross-sectional inquiry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13639. [PMID: 38871848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Health literacy and mental health are among the most important issues in the modern health and era of public health. This study aimed to investigate the association between health literacy and mental health status. This was a national cross-sectional study that was conducted in Iran. A sample of literate individuals aged 18-65 was entered into the study using multistage sampling. The data were collected by the Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (HELIA) and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Logistic regression and path analysis were used for data analysis. A total of 20,571 individuals completed the questionnaires. The mean(± SD) age of participants was 34.9(± 11.8) years old, 51% were female, and 38.1% had higher education. The mean(± SD) health literacy score was 68.3(± 15.2), and 29.8% of the respondents reported some mental health problems. Logistic regression analysis showed that limited health literacy was associated with poor mental health status (OR 2.560, 95% CI 2.396-2.735, P = 0.001). The path analysis showed that an increase in health literacy could reduce psychological and social dysfunction (the effect of health literacy on reducing psychological distress is more profound). It is recommended to carry out interventions that strengthen adult's cognitive and communication skills to improve their ability to access and use health information to make healthy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Haeri-Mehrizi
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Knowledge University, Erbil, 44001, Iraq
| | - Shahram Rafifar
- Health Education and Promotion Office, Deputy of Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jila Sadighi
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Mozaffari Kermani
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahele Rostami
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Hashemi
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tavousi
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Garrido-Cumbrera M, Navarro-Compán V, Poddubnyy D, Sommerfleck F, Makri S, Correa-Fernández J, Akerkar S, Lowe J, Karam E, Bundy C. Factors Associated with Poor Mental Health in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: Results from the International Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (IMAS). RMD Open 2024; 10:e004218. [PMID: 38866592 PMCID: PMC11177769 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to assess the prevalence of poor mental health in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and its associated factors in a large sample of patients from the International Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (IMAS) study from around the globe. METHODS IMAS is a cross-sectional online survey (2017-2022) that includes 5557 unselected patients with axSpA worldwide. Mental health was evaluated by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the cut-off point for poor mental health was set at 3. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate relationships between the investigated factors and poor mental health (GHQ-12≥3) in patients with axSpA (n=4335). RESULTS Of 5351 patients, the mean of GHQ-12 was 4.7 and 59.4% were having poor mental health, being 69.9% in South Africa, 63.7% in Latin America, 60.8% in Europe, 54.3% in North America and 51.8% in Asia. Overall, 40.5% and 37.2% of patients experienced anxiety and depression. The factors associated with poor mental health were younger age (OR=0.99), female gender (OR=1.16), being on sick leave or unemployed (OR=1.63), non-physical activity (OR=1.22), smoking (OR=1.20), higher Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI] (OR=1.42), functional limitation (OR=1.02) and shorter symptoms duration (OR=0.98). CONCLUSIONS Globally, 6 in 10 patients with axSpA had poor mental health, with a higher proportion in South Africa and lower in Asia. The factors associated with poor mental health include domains such as younger age, female gender, employment difficulties, harmful habits, disease burden and symptom duration. A holistic management approach to axSpA should encompass both physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garrido-Cumbrera
- Health & Territory Research (HTR), Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Patient Advocacy, Spanish Federation of Spondyloarthritis Patient Associations (CEADE), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Denis Poddubnyy
- Department of Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, German Rheumatology Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Souzi Makri
- Patient Advocacy, Cyprus League of People with Rheumatism (CYLPER), Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Shashank Akerkar
- Department of Rheumatology, Mumbai Arthritis Clinic, Mumbai, India
| | - Jo Lowe
- Patient Advocacy, Axial Spondyloarthritis International Federation (ASIF), London, UK
| | - Elie Karam
- Patient Advocacy, Canadian Spondylitis Association (CSA), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Janoušková M, Pekara J, Kučera M, Kearns PB, Šeblová J, Wolfová K, Kuklová M, Šeblová D. Experiences of stigma, discrimination and violence and their impact on the mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10534. [PMID: 38720009 PMCID: PMC11078939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Health care workers have been exposed to COVID-19 more than people in other professions, which may have led to stigmatization, discrimination, and violence toward them, possibly impacting their mental health. We investigated (1) factors associated with stigma, discrimination, and violence, (2) the association of stigma, discrimination, and violence with mental health, (3) everyday experiences of stigmatization, discrimination, and violence. We chose a combination of a quantitative approach and qualitative content analysis to analyze data collected at three time points: in 2020, 2021 and 2022. A higher age was associated with lower odds of experiencing stigma, discrimination, and violence, whereas female gender was related to more negative experiences. The intensity of exposure to COVID-19 was associated with greater experience with stigmatization, discrimination, and violence across all three years (for example in 2022: odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.74, 1.18-2.55 for mild exposure; 2.82, 1.95-4.09 for moderate exposure; and 5.74, 3.55-9.26 for severe exposure, when compared to no exposure). Stigma, discrimination, and violence were most strongly associated with psychological distress in 2020 (odds ratio = 2.97, 95% confidence interval 2.27-3.88) and with depressive symptoms in 2021 (odds ratio = 2.78, 95% confidence interval 2.12-3.64). Attention should be given to the destigmatization of contagious diseases and the prevention of discrimination, violence, and mental health problems, both within workplaces and among the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Janoušková
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
- Division of Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Jaroslav Pekara
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
- Medical College, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Matěj Kučera
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pavla Brennan Kearns
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Šeblová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katrin Wolfová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Kuklová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dominika Šeblová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Abtahi H, Khoshnam-Rad N, Gholamzadeh M, Daraie M, Sabouri F. Conceptual framework for establishing twins prevention and continuous health promotion programme: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080443. [PMID: 38604635 PMCID: PMC11015185 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twin registries and cohorts face numerous challenges, including significant resource allocation, twins' recruitment and retention. This study aimed to assess expert feedback on a proposed pragmatic idea for launching a continuous health promotion and prevention programme (HPPP) to establish and maintain twin cohorts. DESIGN A qualitative study incorporating an inductive thematic analysis. SETTING Tehran University of Medical Sciences. PARTICIPANTS Researchers with expertise in twin studies participated in our study. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Expert opinions were gathered through focus group discussions (FGDs). Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the findings and develop a model for designing a comprehensive, long-term health promotion programme using ATLAS.ti software. Additionally, a standardised framework was developed to represent the conceptual model of the twin HPPP. RESULTS Eight FGDs were conducted, involving 16 experts. Thematic analysis identified eight themes and seven subthemes that encompassed the critical aspects of a continuous monitoring programme for twin health. Based on these identified themes, a conceptual framework was developed for the implementation of an HPPP tailored for twins. CONCLUSION This study presented the initial endeavour to establish a comprehensive and practical solution in the form of a continuous HPPP designed to tackle the obstacles of twins' cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Abtahi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
- Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Niloofar Khoshnam-Rad
- Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Marsa Gholamzadeh
- Health Information Management and Medical Informatics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Morteza Daraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Fatemeh Sabouri
- Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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Fennig M. Cross-culturally adapting the GHQ-12 for use with refugee populations: Opportunities, dilemmas, and challenges. Transcult Psychiatry 2024; 61:168-181. [PMID: 38233737 PMCID: PMC10943620 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231223884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This article discusses the opportunities, dilemmas, and challenges involved in the cross-cultural adaptation (CCA) of psychological scales for use with refugee populations. It draws on insights derived from an attempt to adapt the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to the particular culture and context of Eritrean refugees residing in Israel. Multiple techniques including expert translations, a focus-group discussion, a survey, and piloting, were employed to attain a cross-cultural and conceptually equivalent measure. During the CCA process, the research team encountered issues pertaining to conceptual non-equivalence, the structure of the measure's responses and scoring system, and acceptability. These issues required the team to move beyond semantic translation by adapting certain items. This study demonstrates the compromises which need to be made in the adaptation process and indicates the potential bias which each of these compromises introduces. Despite its limitations, CCA does appear to significantly improve detection of mental health symptoms in refugee populations. Overall, the results of the present study provide support for the notion that the sensitive and appropriate assessment of individuals from refugee backgrounds requires adopting a rigorous, systematic, and contextual approach to instrument adaptation, with an emphasis on the integration of idioms of distress as well as the adaptation of Likert-type scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Fennig
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, The Gershon H. Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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Marega J, Bah HT. Burdening caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, The Gambia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02634-0. [PMID: 38498148 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deinstitutionalization of persons living with mental illness has led to many patients residing in communities with family members and shifting the burden of care and caregiving from hospitals to homes. The aim of the study was to determine the burden on caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital (EFSTH). METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design with a sample consisting of 161 randomly selected caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The GHQ-12 questionnaire was used to determine the general health status of the caregivers. The caregivers' burden was assessed using the Zarit Burden Scale. The data were collected using the researcher-administered method. The collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Version 20 using descriptive statistics, mean differences, and the general linear model (GLM). RESULTS The main findings of this study were that caregivers experienced a significantly high level of burden. Most of them experienced high levels of physical (70%), psychological (93.2%), social (78.3%) and financial (55.3%) burdens. Employment status, specifically unemployment status and belonging to the Wolof ethnic group, was a significant predictor of the level of financial burden on the caregivers. Similarly, the total score for social burden was also significantly greater among unemployed caregivers. Educational level was a significant predictor of the total score on the psychological and physical burden scale. CONCLUSION The caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at EFSTH are experiencing a high level of burden as a result of their caregiving role, which affects their health, and this calls for urgent intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarra Marega
- Department of Psychiatry, Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, C/O Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, No. 2 Marina Parade, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Haddy Tunkara Bah
- Department of Nursing and Reproductive Health, University of The Gambia, C/O School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Banjul, The Gambia.
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7
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Ovi MR, Siddique MAB, Ahammed T, Chowdhury MAB, Uddin MJ. Assessment of mental wellbeing of university students in Bangladesh using Goldberg's GHQ-12: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1948. [PMID: 38463032 PMCID: PMC10920986 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The mental well-being of university students is a primary public health concern worldwide, including in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the overall mental health status among Bangladeshi university students. The study used larger and more diverse sample compared to previous studies, and also explored factors associated with the mental health well-being of those students. Methods Data were collected through an online questionnaire, utilizing the proportional allocation method, from students in various universities across Bangladesh. The sample included 2036 participants. The study applied Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) using the GHQ2+ threshold (i.e., having more than two symptoms). A binary outcome variable was created with two levels: "good mental health" and "poor mental health," to assess the mental health status of the university students. The explanatory variables were age, gender, academic year, type of university, and sources of personal expenses. Exploratory data analysis, association tests, and binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors influencing the outcome variable. Results A total of 55.9% of students (male: 52.6% and female: 62.8%) exhibited poor mental health status. Female students' mental health was found to be worse (odds ratio [OR]: 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-1.81) compared to that of males. Similarly, public university students displayed a worse mental health condition than their counterparts in private universities (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.61). Conclusion The overall mental health of university students in Bangladesh is concerning. There is a pressing need for effective mental health policies and interventions to bolster the mental well-being of university students, with a specific focus on students from public universities and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaddiqur R. Ovi
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md A. B. Siddique
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahammed
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | | | - Md J. Uddin
- Department of StatisticsShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
- Faculty of Graduate StudiesDaffodil International UniversitySavarBangladesh
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Schilling S, Armaou M, Morrison Z, Carding P, Bricknell M, Connelly V. "Trust people you've never worked with" - A social network visualization of teamwork, cohesion, social support, and mental health in NHS Covid personnel. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1293171. [PMID: 38445057 PMCID: PMC10913897 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The unprecedented rapid re-deployment of healthcare workers from different care pathways into newly created and fluid COVID-19 teams provides a unique opportunity to examine the interaction of many of the established non-technical factors for successful delivery of clinical care and teamwork in healthcare settings. This research paper therefore aims to address these gaps by qualitatively exploring the impact of COVID work throughout the pandemic on permanent and deployed personnel's experiences, their ability to effectively work together, and the effect of social dynamics (e.g., cohesion, social support) on teamwork and mental health. Methods Seventy-five interviews were conducted across the UK between March and December 2021 during wave 2 and 3 of COVID-19 with 75 healthcare workers who were either permanent staff on Intensive Care/High Dependency Units used as COVID wards, had been rapidly deployed to such a ward, or had managed such wards. Work Life Balance was measured using the WLB Scale. Interview transcripts were qualitatively coded and thematic codes were compared using network graph modeling. Results Using thematic network analysis, four overarching thematic clusters were found, (1) teamwork, (2) organizational support and management, (3) cohesion and social support, and (4) psychological strain. The study has three main findings. First, the importance of social factors for teamwork and mental health, whereby team identity may influence perceptions of preparedness, collaboration and communication, and impact on the collective appraisal of stressful events and work stressors. Secondly, it demonstrates the positive and negative impact of professional roles and skills on the development of teamwork and team identity. Lastly the study identifies the more pronounced negative impact of COVID work on deployed personnel's workload, mental health, and career intentions, exacerbated by reduced levels of social support during, and after, their deployment. Conclusion The thematic network analysis was able to highlight that many of the traditional factors associated with the successful delivery of patient care were impeded by pandemic constraints, markedly influencing personnel's ability to work together and cope with pandemic work stressors. In this environment teamwork, delivery of care and staff well-being appear to depend on relational and organizational context, social group membership, and psycho-social skills related to managing team identity. While results hold lessons for personnel selection, training, co-location, and organizational support during and after a pandemic, further research is needed into the differential impact of pandemic deployment on HCWs mental health and teamwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schilling
- Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Health and Professional Development, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Armaou
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Morrison
- Aberdeen Business School, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Carding
- Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Bricknell
- King’s College London, School of Security Studies, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Connelly
- Department of Psychology, Health and Professional Development, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Martin F, Ferrey A, Hobbs L, Lascelles K, van Even S, Oliver T. Understanding the impact of children's and young people's self-harm on parental well-being: a systematic literature review of qualitative and quantitative findings. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2024. [PMID: 38362819 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm in children and young people is increasing. Parents are vital in supporting young people; however, parents may experience distress linked to the self-harm. Previous reviews have highlighted the emotional impact and need for information and support, however, have not elucidated the relationships between these themes, nor examined the quantitative data examining parents' well-being. METHODS We conducted a mixed methods review, with qualitative meta-synthesis focusing on links between themes and quantitative synthesis of parental well-being findings, including pooled means. PsycInfo, Medline, EMBASE, AMED, CINHAL and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant records. References of included studies were also searched. Every abstract was screened by two authors. Data were extracted by one author and checked by another. RESULTS We identified 39 reports of 32 studies: 16 with qualitative data and 17 with quantitative data (one had both). Qualitative findings showed how parents' emotions were associated to their knowledge and beliefs about self-harm. Parents' emotions often evidenced the need to self-care, but emotions of guilt reduced engagement in self-care. How parents supported their young person was linked to their knowledge, and the management of their own emotions, and influenced if they could engage in self-care. Quantitative findings were mixed, however suggested poor general mental health amongst these parents. CONCLUSIONS Further good quality quantitative studies are needed, with measurement of psychological mechanisms that may underpin parental distress. Current evidence supports peer-support and interventions that go beyond information provision to address the connected factors of knowledge, emotion, self-care, and parenting behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Martin
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anne Ferrey
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Hobbs
- School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas Oliver
- School of Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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10
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Chan HF, Cheng Z, Mendolia S, Paloyo AR, Tani M, Proulx D, Savage DA, Torgler B. Residential mobility restrictions and adverse mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1790. [PMID: 38245576 PMCID: PMC10799952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, several governments tried to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, with lockdowns that prohibited leaving one's residence unless carrying out a few essential services. We investigate the relationship between limitations to mobility and mental health in the UK during the first year and a half of the pandemic using a unique combination of high-frequency mobility data from Google and monthly longitudinal data collected through the Understanding Society survey. We find a strong and statistically robust correlation between mobility data and mental health survey data and show that increased residential stationarity is associated with the deterioration of mental wellbeing even when regional COVID-19 prevalence and lockdown stringency are controlled for. The relationship is heterogeneous, as higher levels of distress are seen in young, healthy people living alone; and in women, especially if they have young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Fai Chan
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology (BEST), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Behavioural Insights for Technology Adoption (BITA), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Zhiming Cheng
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Management, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Silvia Mendolia
- Department of Economics, Social Studies and Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Damon Proulx
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Savage
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Benno Torgler
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology (BEST), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Behavioural Insights for Technology Adoption (BITA), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- CREMA - Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Benoni R, Sartorello A, Mazzi M, Berti L, Sorina M, Paiola E, Varischi G, Tardivo S, Rimondini M, Moretti F. The use of 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in Ukrainian refugees: translation and validation study of the Ukrainian version. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2024; 22:6. [PMID: 38218847 PMCID: PMC10788012 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-024-02226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the well-being of millions of Ukrainians has been jeopardised. This study aims to translate and test the psychometric features of the Ukrainian version of the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). The study included Ukrainian refugees housed in Verona (Italy) between November/2022 and February/2023. The Ukrainian translation was obtained through a 'forward-backward' translation. Questionnaire was completed by 141 refugees (females: 78.7%). Median age was 36 years (IQR 23-43). Individuals with a score suggestive of psychological distress were 97 (68.8%). Cronbach's coefficient was 0.84 (0.95CI 0.80-0.88). According to confirmatory factor analysis, both single- (modelB1) and two-factor (model B2) structures with bimodal scoring method fitted the data satisfactorily. The two factors of model B2 had a 0.88 correlation. Pearson coefficient showed a positive significant correlation between the GHQ-12 and International Trauma Questionnaire scores (ρ = 0.53, 0.95CI 0.40-0.64, p < 0.001). The GHQ-12 Ukrainian translation showed good psychometric features being a reliable and valid instrument to assess Ukrainian refugees' general well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Benoni
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Anna Sartorello
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mariangela Mazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Loretta Berti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Sorina
- "Malve di Ucraina" Non-profit Organization (NPO), Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Paiola
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Varischi
- Prevention Department, Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria (ULSS) 9, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Tardivo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Rimondini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Nieto-Tous M, Diaz-Martinez A, De-Arriba-García M, Roca-Prats A, Monfort-Beltrán S, Ivañez-Muñoz M, Alberola-Rubio J, Perales A, Monfort-Ortiz R. GESTACOVID Project: Psychological and Perinatal Effects in Spanish Pregnant Women Subjected to Strict Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Evolution during De-Escalation. J Clin Med 2023; 13:248. [PMID: 38202254 PMCID: PMC10779534 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The lockdown and de-escalation process following the COVID-19 pandemic led to a period of new normality. This study aimed to assess the confinement impact on the mental health of peripartum women, as their psychological well-being may be particularly vulnerable and thus affect their offspring's development. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among women who gave birth during strict confinement (G0) and the new normality period (G1), in which a self-administered paper-based questionnaire assessed 15 contextual factors and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). For each item, it was verified whether the positive screening rate differed in each confinement phase, and a risk factor study was conducted. For G0, significantly higher positive screening and preterm birth rates were observed in the positive screening group. In the case of G1, maternal age (>35 years), decreased physical activity, and normal weight were found to be protective factors against distress. This study underscores the heightened mental health risk for postpartum women during major psychosocial upheavals (war, economic crisis, natural disasters, or pandemics), along with their resilience as the positive screening rate decreases with the new normality. Findings encourage adopting strategies to identify high-risk women and promote effective measures, such as promoting physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Nieto-Tous
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
| | - Alba Diaz-Martinez
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Roca-Prats
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
| | - Sara Monfort-Beltrán
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
| | - María Ivañez-Muñoz
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
| | - José Alberola-Rubio
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe de Valencia, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Perales
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
- Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rogelio Monfort-Ortiz
- Departmento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain (R.M.-O.)
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13
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Faurie I, Harroch E, Scotto d'Apollonia C, Corte S, Arcari C, Mohara C, Barthelemy C, Fabre MH, Boussac M, Damase-Michel C, Almudever B, Croity-Belz S, Brefel-Courbon C. Impact of therapeutic education on the evolution of social representations of medication in patients with Parkinson's disease: A quantitative and qualitative study (ETPARK REMED). Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:1086-1094. [PMID: 37633737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the workshops of our therapeutic patient education (TPE) program, the medication workshop (TPEM workshop) is very frequently proposed to patients in view of the difficulties they encounter related to the complexity of managing antiparkinsonian treatment. Patients' appropriation of their medications could depend on their social representations. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of our TPEM workshop on the social representations PD patients have of their medications and to compare it with that of another therapeutic intervention such as a talking group defined as the control group. METHODS This single-center, prospective, randomized, parallel-group study investigated the social representations of medication through a questionnaire on knowledge about antiparkinsonian medications, a questionnaire on beliefs about medication (BMQ), and a word association task. RESULTS In the TPEM group (n=16), the workshop induced significant effects over time on the knowledge questionnaire (P=0.01), BMQ specific necessity and concerns scores (P=0.04 and 0.01, respectively), necessity-concerns differential (P=0.04), and BMQ general harm (P=0.04). No significant difference was found in the talking group (n=6). Comparison of the two groups showed a significant difference of the BMQ general harm with a decrease in belief in the harmfulness of the medications in the workshop group (P=0.03). The results of the verbal association task showed a modification in the content and structure of the social representations of medication in the TPEM group. DISCUSSION The TPEM workshop helped reduce initial negative aspects of medication representations. Improved knowledge of their medication allowed patients to feel more competent and legitimate in communicating with caregivers, modifying their beliefs about medications. Indeed, the medication was perceived as less restrictive, care becoming central as shown by the emergence of the medical team in the social representations of the medication. CONCLUSION All the results show a specific beneficial effect of the TPEM workshop through an evolution of the social representations of medications, which became more positive in our PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Faurie
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Socialisation - Développement et Travail, Maison de la Recherche, Université Toulouse - Jean-Jaurès, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - E Harroch
- Centre Expert Parkinson, Neurosciences Department of the University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Purpan, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - C Scotto d'Apollonia
- Centre Expert Parkinson, Neurosciences Department of the University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Purpan, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - S Corte
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Socialisation - Développement et Travail, Maison de la Recherche, Université Toulouse - Jean-Jaurès, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - C Arcari
- Centre Expert Parkinson, Neurosciences Department of the University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Purpan, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - C Mohara
- Centre Expert Parkinson, Neurosciences Department of the University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Purpan, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - C Barthelemy
- Centre Expert Parkinson, Neurosciences Department of the University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Purpan, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - M H Fabre
- Centre Expert Parkinson, Neurosciences Department of the University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Purpan, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - M Boussac
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - C Damase-Michel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine Faculty of Purpan, 37, allées Jules-Guesde, 31073 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - B Almudever
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Socialisation - Développement et Travail, Maison de la Recherche, Université Toulouse - Jean-Jaurès, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - S Croity-Belz
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Socialisation - Développement et Travail, Maison de la Recherche, Université Toulouse - Jean-Jaurès, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - C Brefel-Courbon
- Centre Expert Parkinson, Neurosciences Department of the University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Purpan, 31059 Toulouse, France; Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine Faculty of Purpan, 37, allées Jules-Guesde, 31073 Toulouse cedex, France.
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14
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Staines L, Healy C, Kelleher I, Cotter D, Burns A, Cannon M. The association between transient childhood psychotic experiences and psychosocial outcomes in young adulthood: Examining the role of mental disorders and adult attachment. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:901-909. [PMID: 36646439 PMCID: PMC10947326 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Evidence suggest individuals with mental disorders and psychotic experiences (PE), even transient PE, show poorer psychosocial outcomes relative to those with mental disorders. The concept of "attachment" is hypothesized as the mechanism by which people seek support in times of need. This can be measured as discrete styles or as positive (low avoidance/anxiety)/negative (high avoidance/anxiety) dimensions. Adult attachment has previously been examined on PE risk factors, but not outcomes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between transient childhood PE and adult psychosocial outcomes, comparing those with and without mental disorders. Second, to examine the role of adult attachment. METHOD Participants (n = 103) attended baseline (age 11-13) and 10-year follow-up. PE and mental disorders were measured using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-aged Children. Attachment and outcomes were measured using self-report measures. Analysis compared those with PE (with/without mental disorders), and mental disorders without PE, to controls, using linear and Poisson regression. RESULTS PE was associated with lower self-esteem (β = -2.28, p = .03), perceived social support from friends (β = -2.80, p = .01), and higher stress in platonic relationships (IRR = 1.64). PE and mental disorders were associated with lower self-esteem (β = -5.74, p = .002), higher stress in romantic (IRR = 1.40) and platonic (IRR = 1.59) relationships, general stress (β = 5.60, p = .006), and mental distress (β = 5.67, p = .001). Mental disorders alone was not associated with any measure. Adult attachment dimensions attenuated some results. CONCLUSIONS This paper illustrates the association between transient PE and adult psychosocial outcomes, with & without co-occurring mental disorders, and demonstrates the role of adult attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Staines
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Psychiatry, Education and Research CentreBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Colm Healy
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Psychiatry, Education and Research CentreBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Ian Kelleher
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Psychiatry, Education and Research CentreBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
- Division of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - David Cotter
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Psychiatry, Education and Research CentreBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
- Department of PsychiatryBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Annette Burns
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Well BeingUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - Mary Cannon
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Psychiatry, Education and Research CentreBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
- Department of PsychiatryBeaumont HospitalDublinIreland
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15
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Lohmann J, John D, Dzay A. A scoping review of the methodological quality of research on mental health of healthcare professionals in low- and lower-middle income countries. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 7:169. [PMID: 37614773 PMCID: PMC10442593 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17916.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in widespread awareness of health workers' work realities and their mental health impacts, and corresponding unprecedented research effort. Reviews of the quantitative literature on mental health of clinical skilled healthcare personnel in low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMIC), however, point at quality issues in the pre-pandemic literature. We used the evidence generated in the context of one pre-pandemic review to understand methodological strengths and weaknesses in detail, with the aim of distilling recommendations for future research. Methods: Our study used the literature identified in a systematic search from inception to the end of 2020, in English or French language, in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Global Health, and CAIRN. Following a scoping review approach, we extracted and charted data on key study characteristics as well as on study quality. In regard to the latter, we developed nine quality criteria on the basis of existing quality checklists, but expanding on issues of particular relevance to the measurement and interpretation of levels of mental health or illness. We collated the charted data in descriptive fashion. Results: We included data from 152 studies, which assessed a range of mental health outcomes, although most burnout. Most studies were conducted in India, Nigeria, Pakistan, or Egypt, in urban secondary- and tertiary-care settings. We judged only 20% of studies as of high quality due to shortcomings particularly regarding sample representativeness, context-specific measurement tool validity, and reporting of methodological detail. Conclusion: We conclude that despite its impressive size, we can learn comparatively little from the body of literature up to the end of 2020 due to narrow study focus on specific settings and strong limitations in quality. Based on our findings, we outline areas for expansion, methodological improvement, and standardization of reporting in future research. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42019140036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lohmann
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Denny John
- Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, 560054, India
- Evidence Synthesis and Implementation for Indigenous Health: A JBI Affiliate Centre, Centre for Public Health Research (CPHR), MANT, Kolkata, 700078, India
| | - Aso Dzay
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
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Gutiérrez-Santamaría B, Martinez Aguirre-Betolaza A, García-Álvarez A, Arietaleanizbeaskoa MS, Mendizabal-Gallastegui N, Grandes G, Coca A, Castañeda-Babarro A. Association between Phase Angle and Subjective Perceptions of Health Variables in Cancer Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1852. [PMID: 37444686 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The phase angle, an increasingly studied healthcare tool, was studied to explore its relationship with psychological factors in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the phase angle (PhA), obtained by the bioimpedance analysis of body composition, and psychological factors measured by questionnaire in cancer patients. The study included 311 patients who underwent bioimpedance testing to determine their PhA value; their psychological profiles were assessed using SF-36, FACIT, QLQ-C30, and GHQ-12 questionnaires. Mixed linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between PhA and the psychological tests. The results showed a statistical correlation between PhA and the GHQ-12, FACIT, and SF-36 questionnaires, with higher PhA values associated with better results on the questionnaires. In the QLQ-C30 questionnaire, a correlation was observed between PhA and the functioning scales (p < 0.001), except for emotional and cognitive functioning (p = 0.148 and p = 0.544, respectively), but not in most of the symptom scales. The PhA is a useful tool for assessing the subjective health perception of cancer patients, especially with regard to psychological factors. While there is a statistically significant correlation, further research is required before confidently applying it in clinical practice. The current predictive value of this predictor for certain psychological aspects is limited, underscoring the need for additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaría
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Aitor Martinez Aguirre-Betolaza
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arturo García-Álvarez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Bizkaia, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Biscay, Spain
| | - María Soledad Arietaleanizbeaskoa
- Primary Care Research Unit of Bizkaia, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Biscay, Spain
| | - Nere Mendizabal-Gallastegui
- Primary Care Research Unit of Bizkaia, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Biscay, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Grandes
- Primary Care Research Unit of Bizkaia, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Biscay, Spain
| | - Aitor Coca
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Euneiz University, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, La Biosfera Ibilbidea, 6, 01013 Gasteiz, Araba, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbo, Bizkaia, Spain
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17
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Li R, Liu S, Huang C, Darabi D, Zhao M, Heinzel S. The influence of perceived stress and income on mental health in China and Germany. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17344. [PMID: 37408921 PMCID: PMC10318459 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health issues affect rich and poor, young and old, and are widespread in Asia as well as in Europe. However, few studies have investigated the influence of perceived stress and income on mental health among general population in China and in Germany. Methods We conducted an online survey from December 2021 to February 2022 to investigate how perceived stress and income affect mental health among the general population in China (N = 1123) and in Germany (N = 1018). Accordingly, we used the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We ran a multiple linear regression model to investigate the relationship between perceived stress, income, and mental health. Results Overall, we found that 53.4% participants reported mental health issues (GHQ-12 score ≥12). The proportion of our sample who reported mental health issues was higher in Germany (60.3%) than in China (44.8%). The regression model revealed that a higher perceived stress score was associated with more mental health issues in both countries (b = 0.60, p < 0.01). Individuals with a low income reported poorer mental health in Germany than those in China. Interestingly, the situation was reversed when incomes were high: individuals with a high income reported worse mental health in China than in Germany (b = -0.40, p < 0.01). Conclusion Perceived stress has a negative impact on mental health, while income has differential effects. Mental health promotion programmes may involve teaching stress management, while considering differences in mental health outcomes in developed and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanning Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Debora Darabi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Li R, Huang C, Guan B, Du J, Zhao M, Liu S. The negative impact of loneliness and perceived stress on mental health during two-month lockdown in Shanghai. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:377-382. [PMID: 37217100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shanghai undergone COVID-19 lockdown for 2 months in 2022, affecting >25 million population. We aim to find changes in mental health during Shanghai lockdown and if mental health was associated with Shanghai lockdown, loneliness, and perceived stress. METHODS We conducted two cross-sectional online surveys in China, which were before and at the end of Shanghai lockdown (survey 1 in January 2022, N = 1123; survey 2 in June 2022, N = 2139). Participants reported mental health, loneliness, and perceived stress through the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). We compared data between survey 1 and 2. We ran a multiple linear regression model to investigate the impact of Shanghai lockdown, loneliness and perceived stress on mental health. RESULTS There's an increase in the proportion of lonely people during Shanghai lockdown (49.77 % to 65.26 %). During Shanghai lockdown, the proportion of lonely people (68.97 % VS. 61.35 %, p < 0.001) and risk for mental health conditions (50.50 % VS. 43.27 %, p < 0.001) were higher among residents in Shanghai than outside Shanghai. Shanghai lockdown (b = 0.556, p = 0.02), higher ULS-8 (b = 0.284, p < 0.001) and higher PSS-10 (b = 0.365, p < 0.001) were associated with higher GHQ-12. LIMITATIONS Participants reported their mental health status during Shanghai lockdown retrospectively. CONCLUSION Shanghai lockdown had psychological impacts not only on residents in Shanghai but also outside Shanghai. Addressing loneliness and perceived stress accommodated to the lockdown situation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanning Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beier Guan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany.
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Trivedi B. Quality of life among geriatric population residing in Bhavnagar city, Gujarat, Western India. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:925-931. [PMID: 37448934 PMCID: PMC10336932 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1592_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background All of the health status, lifestyle, satisfaction, mental state, or well-being, all facets of health status together reflect the multidimensional nature of quality of life (QOL) in an individual. Our objective is to assess quality of life and factors affecting quality of life. Methods We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study among 260 subjects (aged ≥ 60 years) residing in 13 wards of Bhavnagar city during September 2019-2020 after taking permission from ethics committee (no. 892) using the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF-25 (WHO QOL BREF-25) scale. We assessed psychiatric morbidity using General Health Questionnaire-12 scale. Independent t-test was performed to find out factors associated with quality of life. Result Among 260 subjects, 36% were males. Study found highest score in psychological domain and lowest score in physical domain of WHO QOL BREF-25 scale. Physical health was better among Muslims, geriatrics <75 year of age, not addicted abusive substance and no co-morbid condition, whereas geriatrics belonged to upper socio-economic status and normal as per General Health Questionnaire-12 scale had better social relationship. Environmental domain score was significantly better among males and geriatric without co-morbidity. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of active ageing interventions in order to improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bansi Trivedi
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
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20
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Gomm S, Bernauer T. Are actual and perceived environmental conditions associated with variation in mental health? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115398. [PMID: 36738773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Empirical evidence on the relationship between environmental factors and mental health remains inconclusive. One reason is that there is only scant evidence on the association between mental health and subjective exposure to environmental stressors, relative to objective pollution. We thus focus on how the perceived and actual presence of noise, air pollution, and green spaces relates to mental health. METHODS AND RESULTS Our cross-sectional study is based on a large representative sample of the adult population in Switzerland (n = 5729). Using individual-level geocodes of subjects' residence, we combined data from a survey of these individuals with data on objectively measured longer-term environmental conditions (noise, air pollution, green spaces). Subclinical mental health was assessed with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). When fitting multiple regressions and mediation models, we find that perceptions of environmental stressors are a better predictor of mental distress than objectively measured stressors. In addition, the predictive power of actual nature visits is stronger than the predictive power of mere proximity to green spaces at the place of residence. We found no direct link between actual environmental stressors and mental health, but mediation via perceived environmental stressors. Further, the association between the frequency of nature visits and mental health is mediated by perceived, but not actual pollution. CONCLUSION Since actual environmental stressors are not perceived as equally burdensome by all people, their subjective perception is crucial when evaluating policy interventions aimed at improving mental health. Even a relatively low level of environmental stressors, classified as non-harmful to human health in a physical or biological sense, may thus contribute to negative mental health outcomes. The main policy implication is that attractive and accessible green spaces may provide individuals with an enhanced sense of control over their exposure to environmental stressors and thereby reduce negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gomm
- ETH Zurich, Environmental Politics and International Political Economy, Haldeneggsteig 4, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Bernauer
- ETH Zurich, Environmental Politics and International Political Economy, Haldeneggsteig 4, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Chu GCH, Chan LYL, Do CW, Tse ACY, Cheung T, Szeto GPY, So BCL, Lee RLT, Lee PH. Association between time spent on smartphones and digital eye strain: A 1-year prospective observational study among Hong Kong children and adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58428-58435. [PMID: 36991204 PMCID: PMC10057686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged electronic screen use can cause digital eye strain. It can be difficult to rectify due to increasing smartphone reliance, potentially leading to serious public health problems. To investigate the association between time spent on smartphones and digital eye strain (DES) among Hong Kong Chinese school-aged children. Of a total of 1,508 students (748 males, 49.6%) from 8 to 14 years old (mean age = 10.91 years, SD = 2.01) who provided valid data on DES, the 1,298 (86%) who completed the DES questionnaire at 1-year follow-up were included in the analysis. DES was measured using a 10-item scale, and the sum of the 10 dichotomised scores was used as the DES total score. The most commonly reported symptoms were eye fatigue (n = 804, 53.3%), blurred vision (changing from reading to distance viewing) (n = 586, 38.9%), and irritated or burning eyes (n = 516, 34.2%). The DES total scores at baseline and 1-year follow-up were 2.91 (SD = 2.90) and 3.20 (SD = 3.19), respectively. Linear regression controlling for demographic and socio-economic confounders showed that participants with baseline smartphone usage of 241 + min/d had a significantly higher baseline total DES score than those with baseline smartphone usage of 0-60 min/d (2.44 vs 3.21, P < 0.001), and participants with baseline smartphone usage of 181-240 min/d had a significantly higher 1-year follow-up total DES score than those with baseline smartphone usage of 0-60 min/d (2.80 vs 3.50, P = 0.003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey C H Chu
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lily Y L Chan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Wai Do
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Andy C Y Tse
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Grace P Y Szeto
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Billy C L So
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Regina L T Lee
- Nethersole School of Nursing, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul H Lee
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK.
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22
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Lu Z, Yan S, Jones J, He Y, She Q. From Housewives to Employees, the Mental Benefits of Employment across Women with Different Gender Role Attitudes and Parenthood Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4364. [PMID: 36901369 PMCID: PMC10001920 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that paid employment can improve workers' mental health status by offering a series of manifest and latent benefits (i.e., income, self-achievement and social engagement), which motivates policymakers' ongoing promotion of labour force participation as an approach to protect women's mental health status. This study extends the literature by investigating the mental health consequences of housewives' transition into paid employment across different gender role attitude groups. In addition, the study also tests the potential moderating role of the presence of children in relationships. This study yields two major findings by using nationally representative data (N = 1222) from the United Kingdom Longitudinal Household Study (2010-2014) and OLS regressions. First, from the first wave to the next, housewives who transitioned into paid employment reported better mental health status than those who remained housewives. Second, the presence of children can moderate such associations, but only among housewives with more traditional gender role attitudes. Specifically, among the traditional group, the mental benefits of transition into paid employment are more pronounced among those without children. Therefore, policymakers should develop more innovative approaches to promote housewives' mental health by considering a more gender-role-attitudes-sensitive design of future labour market policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofei Lu
- Department of Social Statistics, University of Manchester, HBS Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Shuo Yan
- Warwick Manufacturing Group, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jeff Jones
- Warwick Manufacturing Group, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yucheng He
- Independent Researcher, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Qigen She
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College (UIC), Zhuhai 519000, China
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23
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Ng ZZ, Li G, Flynn S, Yow WQ. How COVID-19 News Affect Older Adults' Mental Health-Evidence of a Positivity Bias. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3950. [PMID: 36900959 PMCID: PMC10002267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Media affects the trajectory of many individuals' mental health-with media news, individuals experience negative bias more than positive bias. However, there is also evidence of an age-related positivity effect, with negativity bias generally fading with age. With the rise of COVID-19 cases, older adults (aged 55 years and older) who consume media frequently are at a high risk for declining mental health. To date, there has been no research on the positivity vs. negativity bias of media news on older adults. Here, we investigated whether positivity or negativity bias plays a larger role in affecting how older adults react to COVID-19 news. METHODS Sixty-nine older adults (aged 55-95) answered questions about their weekly media consumption and how closely they followed news relating to COVID-19. They also completed a general health questionnaire. They were then randomly assigned to read either positive or negative COVID-19 news (n = 35 and 34, respectively). The adults were asked if the news made them feel happy or fearful, and if they wanted to read more about the news or ignore the news. RESULTS An analysis revealed that the more often older adults consumed media and the more closely they followed COVID-19 news, the more they felt unhappy and depressed. Importantly, older adults who read positive news reported stronger responses than those who read negative news. Older adults appeared to have a strong positivity bias for COVID-19 news, reporting feeling happy and wanting to read about positive news. In contrast, negative COVID-19 news did not evoke similar levels of response from the older adults. CONCLUSIONS Media consumption of COVID-19 news does negatively impact the mental well-being of older adults, but older adults appear to have a strong positivity bias and a lack of negativity bias for COVID-19 news. These findings suggest that older adults can remain hopeful and positive during periods of public health crises and intense stress, which is essential to sustaining their mental well-being during difficult times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Ziyi Ng
- Raffles Institution, 1 Raffles Institution Lane, Singapore 575954, Singapore
| | - Grace Li
- Palo Alto Senior High School, 50 Embarcadero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Suzanne Flynn
- Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - W. Quin Yow
- Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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24
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Ozainne F, Rauss L, Stuby L. Psychological State and Exam Performance among Paramedics' Students in Geneva during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3736. [PMID: 36834431 PMCID: PMC9959811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced higher education institutions in Switzerland to move to distance learning, with certain limitations such as "Zoom fatigue" and a lack of interaction with peers and teachers. This has also impacted the development of interprofessional skills and key concepts such as professional acknowledgement, cooperation, and communication skills. This study was conducted using mixed methods, including performance assessment regarding examination notes, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews, to assess the impact of the pandemic on the performance of paramedic students and their psychological state. The results of the semi-structured interviews provided insight into the impact of the pandemic. The period of the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have had an impact on the psychological state of the paramedic students, most of whom were considered to be either at risk or in psychological distress. There may have been an effect on their theoretical knowledge performance, with pre-pandemic promotions performing better than pandemic promotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ozainne
- École Supérieure de Soins Ambulanciers, College of Higher Education in Prehospital Care, CH-1231 Conches, Switzerland
| | - Lou Rauss
- École Supérieure de Soins Ambulanciers, College of Higher Education in Prehospital Care, CH-1231 Conches, Switzerland
- Genève TEAM Ambulances, Emergency Medical Services, CH-1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Loric Stuby
- Genève TEAM Ambulances, Emergency Medical Services, CH-1201 Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Effects of Tele-Pilates and Tele-Yoga on Biochemicals, Physical, and Psychological Parameters of Females with Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041585. [PMID: 36836119 PMCID: PMC9966519 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) suffer from some comorbidities, including physical and psychiatric disorders, low quality of life (QoL), hormonal dysregulation, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of tele-yoga and tele-Pilates on the serum levels of prolactin and cortisol and selected physical and psychological factors. METHODS Forty-five females with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, based on age (18-65), expanded disability status scale (0-5.5), and body mass index (20-32), were randomly assigned to tele-Pilates, tele-yoga, or control groups (n = 15). Serum blood samples and validated questionnaires were collected before and after interventions. RESULTS Following online interventions, there was a significant increase in the serum levels of prolactin (p = 0.004) and a significant decrease in cortisol (p = 0.04) in the time × group interaction factors. In addition, significant improvements were observed in depression (p = 0.001), physical activity levels (p < 0.001), QoL (p ≤ 0.001), and the speed of walking (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that tele-yoga and tele-Pilates training could be introduced as patient-friendly, non-pharmacological, add-on therapeutic methods for increasing prolactin and decreasing cortisol serum levels and achieving clinically relevant improvements in depression, walking speed, physical activity level, and QoL in female MS patients.
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26
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Antelman G, Jahanpour O, Machalo T, Audi C, van de Ven R, Rutaihwa M, Lankiewicz E, Baird S. Adolescent support club attendance and self-efficacy associated with HIV treatment outcomes in Tanzania. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000065. [PMID: 36962483 PMCID: PMC10021176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
HIV treatment outcomes may be improved by ameliorating psychosocial challenges adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) face. This analysis describes participation in existing facility-based adolescent clubs and the associations between club attendance, adolescent well-being and HIV treatment outcomes. Data were collected through interviews with a sub-sample of adolescents age 10-19 years and medical record abstraction of all adolescents attending HIV services at seven clinics in Tanzania. Independent variables included adolescent club attendance, self-esteem, self-efficacy, mental distress, social capital and other health utilization or HIV experience characteristics. Study outcomes included visit adherence, viral suppression (<1000 cp/ml), and retention. Of 645 adolescents attending HIV services, 75% attended clubs at least once with a median of eight club sessions attended over a two-year period. Mental distress was prevalent, with 67% of the adolescents scoring above a recognized cut-off of ≥5. Adolescents who attended 10 or more clubs, compared to those not attending any clubs over a two-year period were at an almost three-fold increased odds of having good visit adherence (odds ratio [OR] 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25, 5.94). Club attendance was also associated with sustained retention in the following year: adolescents who attended some clubs (1-9) had three-times the odds of being retained (OR 3.01; 95%CI: 1.86, 4.87) while those who attended 10+ had over seven-times the odds (OR 7.29; 95%CI: 4.34, 12.22). Among the 154 adolescents who were interviewed, being in the top self-efficacy tertile was positively associated with viral suppression (OR 3.04, 95%CI: 1.08, 8.60) and retention (OR 4.44, 95%CI: 1.19, 17.40). Attending the HIV clinic with a guardian/treatment supporter (OR 3.29, 95%CI: 1.17, 9.22) was also associated with viral suppression. Self-efficacy, social capital and treatment support are associated with better health outcomes among adolescents. However, many ALHIV either never attended or did not regularly attend clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ola Jahanpour
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AID Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Thomas Machalo
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AID Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Cosette Audi
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AID Foundation, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | | | - Elise Lankiewicz
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Sarah Baird
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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27
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Palenzuela-Luis N, Duarte-Clíments G, Gómez-Salgado J, Rodríguez-Gómez JÁ, Sánchez-Gómez MB. International Comparison of Self-Concept, Self-Perception and Lifestyle in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604954. [PMID: 36250150 PMCID: PMC9556634 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Adolescence is considered a vital time to address healthy attitudes and values towards an effective transition to adulthood. The aim of this review was to analyse self-concept, self-perception, physical exercise, and lifestyle in the late adolescent population.Methods: Systematic review of studies assessing the results by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, the Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, and the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children questionnaires in late adolescents. The PRISMA recommendations were followed. The CASPe quality-check system was applied, excluding articles with a score <8.Results: 1589 studies were found, and 69 articles were selected. Adolescents with high self-concept and self-perception tend to be emotionally stable, sociable, and responsible. No significant differences were found regarding self-concept and self-perception between different countries, but there were differences between men and women. Physical activity and healthy diet improve self-concept and perception of body image.Conclusion: Self-concept and self-perception are associated with responsibility, stability, and mental strength. Most healthy behaviours during adolescence are followed during adulthood. Socio-cultural level of Health Science students is a differential factor for overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonzalo Duarte-Clíments
- Cátedra de Enfermería, University of La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Cieza Este Health Centre, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Juan Gómez-Salgado,
| | - José Ángel Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Maria Begoña Sánchez-Gómez
- Cátedra de Enfermería, University of La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Cieza Este Health Centre, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Murcia, Spain
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Paniagua-Ávila A, Ramírez DE, Barrera-Pérez A, Calgua E, Castro C, Peralta-García A, Mascayano F, Susser E, Alvarado R, Puac-Polanco V. La salud mental de los trabajadores de salud en Guatemala durante la pandemia de COVID-19: resultados de base del estudio de cohortes HÉROES. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e79. [PMID: 35990526 PMCID: PMC9384895 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivos. Evaluar la prevalencia de base de los trastornos de salud mental y exposiciones conexas en una cohorte de trabajadores de salud de Guatemala. Métodos Se analizó la información de base del estudio HÉROES (por COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkeRs Study, sobre los trabajadores de salud durante la pandemia) en Guatemala, realizado en línea en el 2020. Las variables de resultado fueron malestar psicológico y síntomas depresivos. Las exposiciones incluyeron experiencias con la COVID-19, características sociodemográficas y características del trabajo. En los análisis se utilizaron modelos de regresión de Poisson brutos y ajustados. Resultados. De los 1801 trabajadores de salud que aceptaron participar, 1522 (84,5%) completaron el cuestionario; 1014 (66,8%) eran mujeres. De los participantes, 59,1% (intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC 95%] = 56,6-61,5) tuvo un tamizaje positivo para malestar psicológico y 23% (IC 95% = 20,9-25,2) para síntomas depresivos de moderados a graves. Las experiencias con la pandemia de COVID-19, las características sociodemográficas y las características del trabajo se correlacionaron con las variables de resultado del estudio. Los participantes que estaban preocupados por el contagio de la COVID-19 tuvieron un mayor riesgo de malestar psicológico (riesgo relativo [RR] = 1,47; IC 95% = 1,30-1,66) y síntomas depresivos (RR = 1,51; IC 95% = 1,17-1,96). Asimismo, los participantes más jóvenes presentaban un riesgo alto de malestar psicológico (RR = 1,80; IC 95% = 1,24-2,63) y síntomas depresivos (razón de posibilidades [OR] = 4,58; IC 95% = 1,51-13,87). Conclusiones. Las afecciones de salud mental tienen una prevalencia sumamente alta en los trabajadores de salud de Guatemala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Paniagua-Ávila
- Departamento de Epidemiología de la Escuela de Salud Pública Mailman de la Universidad de Columbia, Nueva York, Estados Unidos
| | - Dorian E. Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Aida Barrera-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Erwin Calgua
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Claudia Castro
- Investigadora independiente en la Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Ana Peralta-García
- Escuela de Medicina Tropical y Salud Pública de la Universidad Tulane, Nueva Orleans, Estados Unidos
| | - Franco Mascayano
- Departamento de Epidemiología de la Escuela de Salud Pública Mailman de la Universidad de Columbia, Nueva York, Estados Unidos
| | - Ezra Susser
- Departamento de Epidemiología de la Escuela de Salud Pública Mailman de la Universidad de Columbia, Nueva York, Estados Unidos
| | - Rubén Alvarado
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Puac-Polanco
- Departamento de Políticas de Atención Médica de la Escuela de Medicina de Harvard, Boston, Estados Unidos
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29
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Paniagua-Avila A, Ramírez DE, Barrera-Pérez A, Calgua E, Castro C, Peralta-García A, Mascayano F, Susser E, Alvarado R, Puac-Polanco V. Mental Health of Guatemalan Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Baseline Findings From the HEROES Cohort Study. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S602-S614. [PMID: 35977333 PMCID: PMC9382145 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To assess the baseline prevalence of mental health conditions and associated exposures in a cohort of health care workers (HCWs) in Guatemala. Methods. We analyzed baseline information from the 2020 Web-based COVID-19 Health Care Workers Study (HEROES)-Guatemala. Outcomes included mental distress and depressive symptoms. Exposures included COVID-19 experiences, sociodemographic characteristics, and job characteristics. We used crude and adjusted Poisson regression models in our analyses. Results. Of the 1801 HCWs who accepted to participate, 1522 (84.5%) completed the questionnaire; 1014 (66.8%) were women. Among the participants, 59.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 56.6, 61.5) screened positive for mental distress and 23% (95% CI = 20.9, 25.2) for moderate to severe depressive symptoms. COVID-19 experiences, sociodemographic characteristics, and job characteristics were associated with the study outcomes. Participants who were worried about COVID-19 infection were at higher risk of mental distress (relative risk [RR] = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.30, 1.66) and depressive symptoms (RR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.17, 1.96). Similarly, the youngest participants were at elevated risk of mental distress (RR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.24, 2.63) and depressive symptoms (OR = 4.58; 95% CI = 1.51, 13.87). Conclusions. Mental health conditions are highly prevalent among Guatemalan HCWs. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S6):S602-S614. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306648).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Paniagua-Avila
- Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Franco Mascayano, and Ezra Susser are with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Dorian E. Ramírez, Aida Barrera-Pérez, and Erwin Calgua are with Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Claudia Castro is an independent researcher in Guatemala City. Ana Peralta-García is with the School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Rubén Alvarado is with the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Victor Puac-Polanco is with the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dorian E Ramírez
- Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Franco Mascayano, and Ezra Susser are with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Dorian E. Ramírez, Aida Barrera-Pérez, and Erwin Calgua are with Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Claudia Castro is an independent researcher in Guatemala City. Ana Peralta-García is with the School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Rubén Alvarado is with the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Victor Puac-Polanco is with the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aida Barrera-Pérez
- Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Franco Mascayano, and Ezra Susser are with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Dorian E. Ramírez, Aida Barrera-Pérez, and Erwin Calgua are with Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Claudia Castro is an independent researcher in Guatemala City. Ana Peralta-García is with the School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Rubén Alvarado is with the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Victor Puac-Polanco is with the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Erwin Calgua
- Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Franco Mascayano, and Ezra Susser are with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Dorian E. Ramírez, Aida Barrera-Pérez, and Erwin Calgua are with Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Claudia Castro is an independent researcher in Guatemala City. Ana Peralta-García is with the School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Rubén Alvarado is with the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Victor Puac-Polanco is with the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Claudia Castro
- Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Franco Mascayano, and Ezra Susser are with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Dorian E. Ramírez, Aida Barrera-Pérez, and Erwin Calgua are with Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Claudia Castro is an independent researcher in Guatemala City. Ana Peralta-García is with the School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Rubén Alvarado is with the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Victor Puac-Polanco is with the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ana Peralta-García
- Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Franco Mascayano, and Ezra Susser are with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Dorian E. Ramírez, Aida Barrera-Pérez, and Erwin Calgua are with Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Claudia Castro is an independent researcher in Guatemala City. Ana Peralta-García is with the School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Rubén Alvarado is with the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Victor Puac-Polanco is with the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Franco Mascayano
- Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Franco Mascayano, and Ezra Susser are with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Dorian E. Ramírez, Aida Barrera-Pérez, and Erwin Calgua are with Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Claudia Castro is an independent researcher in Guatemala City. Ana Peralta-García is with the School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Rubén Alvarado is with the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Victor Puac-Polanco is with the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ezra Susser
- Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Franco Mascayano, and Ezra Susser are with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Dorian E. Ramírez, Aida Barrera-Pérez, and Erwin Calgua are with Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Claudia Castro is an independent researcher in Guatemala City. Ana Peralta-García is with the School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Rubén Alvarado is with the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Victor Puac-Polanco is with the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rubén Alvarado
- Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Franco Mascayano, and Ezra Susser are with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Dorian E. Ramírez, Aida Barrera-Pérez, and Erwin Calgua are with Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Claudia Castro is an independent researcher in Guatemala City. Ana Peralta-García is with the School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Rubén Alvarado is with the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Victor Puac-Polanco is with the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Victor Puac-Polanco
- Alejandra Paniagua-Avila, Franco Mascayano, and Ezra Susser are with the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Dorian E. Ramírez, Aida Barrera-Pérez, and Erwin Calgua are with Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Claudia Castro is an independent researcher in Guatemala City. Ana Peralta-García is with the School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA. Rubén Alvarado is with the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Victor Puac-Polanco is with the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Lohmann J, John D, Dzay A. Much research, but little learned to date: A scoping review of the methodological quality of research on mental health of healthcare professionals in low- and lower-middle income countries. Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17916.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in widespread awareness of health workers’ work realities and their mental health impacts, and corresponding unprecedented research effort. Reviews of the quantitative literature on mental health of clinical skilled healthcare personnel in low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMIC), however, point at quality issues in the pre-pandemic literature. We used the evidence generated in the context of one pre-pandemic review to understand methodological strengths and weaknesses in detail, with the aim of distilling recommendations for future research. Methods: Our study used the literature identified in a systematic search up to the end of 2020, in English or French language, in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Global Health, and CAIRN. Following a scoping review approach, we extracted and charted data on key study characteristics as well as on study quality. In regard to the latter, we developed nine quality criteria on the basis of existing quality checklists, but expanding on issues of particular relevance to the measurement and interpretation of levels of mental health or illness. We collated the charted data in descriptive fashion. Results: We included data from 152 studies, assessing a range of mental health outcomes, with a focus on burnout. Most studies were conducted in India, Nigeria, Pakistan, or Egypt, in urban secondary- and tertiary-care settings. We judged only 20% of studies as of high quality due to shortcomings particularly regarding sample representativeness, context-specific measurement tool validity, and reporting of methodological detail. Conclusion: We conclude that despite its impressive size, we can learn comparatively little from the body of literature up to the end of 2020 due to limitations in quality. Based on our findings, we outline areas for expansion, methodological improvement, and standardization of reporting in future research. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42019140036.
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Psychotic-like experiences of young adults in the general population predict mental disorders. Psychiatry Res 2022; 312:114543. [PMID: 35417824 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) have been identified as risk markers for psychotic disorders and may indicate an individual's susceptibility to mental disorders in general. We examined whether 23 PLEs (assessed with M-CIDI questionnaire) reported in young adulthood (n = 1313) predict subsequent psychotic or any mental disorders in the general population. We also investigated whether these possible associations are explained by general psychological distress assessed with the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). The register follow-up period spanned 10-12 years. In Cox regression models, PLEs predicted subsequent psychotic disorders (n = 12) when the effects of age, sex, education, and marital status were adjusted for, but not when general psychological distress was added to the model. Having any mental disorders during follow-up (n = 91) was predicted by PLEs reported at a younger age, when controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, and general psychological distress. In line with earlier results in other age groups, PLEs can be seen as a sign of vulnerability to not just psychotic but all mental disorders during the following years also among young adults in the general population. PLEs were a predictive marker of general psychopathology independently from general psychological distress.
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Smith M, Sharpe B, Arumuham A, Birch P. Examining the Predictors of Mental Ill Health in Esport Competitors. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040626. [PMID: 35455804 PMCID: PMC9027719 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Few research studies have examined the predictors of mental ill health in esports. This study addresses that gap by investigating stressors, sleep, burnout, social phobia anxiety and mental ill health in esport athletes. An online survey was disseminated to competitive student esport athletes (n = 313) residing in the UK. The survey included measures of stressors resulting from competing in esports, sleep quality, burnout, and social phobia, as well as outcome measures of mental ill health. Hierarchical regression analyses examined these relationships. All the hypotheses were supported, with stressors significantly predicting sleep quality, burnout, and social phobia anxiety, and stressors, sleep quality, burnout, and social phobia anxiety were all significant positive predictors of mental ill health. The strength of these predictions varied, for example, the daytime dysfunction subscale of sleep was a strong predictor of all outcome variables; two subscales of burnout, reduced sense of accomplishment and exhaustion significantly predicted each of the three mental ill health outcome variables, and two subscales of social phobia anxiety, fear and avoidance, significantly predicted mental ill health. Our study has important implications for player health in esports, highlighting interventions that could target specific aspects of stress, sleep, burnout, and social phobia anxiety to improve the mental health of those who compete in esports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Smith
- School of Sport, Health and Community, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Winchester, Winchester SO22 4NR, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Benjamin Sharpe
- Institute of Education, Social and Life Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester PO19 6PE, UK;
| | - Atheeshaan Arumuham
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK;
| | - Phil Birch
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester PO19 6PE, UK;
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Hill NTM, Bailey E, Benson R, Cully G, Kirtley OJ, Purcell R, Rice S, Robinson J, Walton CC. Researching the researchers: psychological distress and psychosocial stressors according to career stage in mental health researchers. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:19. [PMID: 35105381 PMCID: PMC8805133 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although there are many benefits associated with working in academia, this career path often involves structural and organisational stressors that can be detrimental to wellbeing and increase susceptibility to psychological distress and mental ill health. This exploratory study examines experiences of work-related psychosocial stressors, psychological distress, and mental health diagnoses among mental health researchers. Methods This international cross-sectional study involved 207 mental health researchers who were post-graduate students or employed in research institutes or university settings. Work-related psychosocial stressors were measured by the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III (COPSOQ III). Psychological distress was assessed using the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Thoughts of suicide was assessed using an adaptation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). History of mental health diagnoses was assessed through a custom questionnaire. Pearson’s chi-square test of independence was used to compare mental health diagnoses and suicidal ideation across career stages. The association between work-related psychosocial stressors and psychological distress was conducted using multivariate linear regression controlling for key demographic, employment-related and mental health factors. Results Differences in ‘demands at work’ and the ‘work-life balance’ domain were lowest among support staff (p = 0.01). Overall, 13.4% of respondents met the threshold for severe psychological distress, which was significantly higher in students compared to participants from other career stages (p = 0.01). Among the subgroup of participants who responded to the question on mental health diagnoses and suicidal ideation (n = 152), 54% reported a life-time mental health diagnosis and 23.7% reported suicidal ideation since their academic career commencement. After controlling for key covariates, the association between the ‘interpersonal relations and leadership’ domain and psychological distress was attenuated by the mental health covariates included in model 3 (β = −0.23, p = 0.07). The association between the remaining work-related psychosocial stressors and psychological distress remained significant. Conclusions Despite working in the same environment, research support staff report experiencing significantly less psychosocial stressors compared to postgraduate students, early-middle career researchers and senior researchers. Future research that targets key modifiable stressors associated with psychological distress including work organization and job content, and work-life balance could improve the overall mental health and wellbeing of mental health researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T M Hill
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, Australia. .,Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. .,School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Eleanor Bailey
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ruth Benson
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland
| | - Grace Cully
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia J Kirtley
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosemary Purcell
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jo Robinson
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Courtney C Walton
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Questionnaires Assessing Adolescents' Self-Concept, Self-Perception, Physical Activity and Lifestyle: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9010091. [PMID: 35053716 PMCID: PMC8774997 DOI: 10.3390/children9010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Adolescence is considered a fundamental time to promote change. During this time, young people consolidate their social and individual identity. By influencing positive changes, chronic diseases can be avoided, delayed or modified in the future. The use of valid and reliable questionnaires is an optimal resource for gathering information and thus useful for this study. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to: (1). identify the questionnaires that assess self-esteem/self-concept, self-perception, physical exercise and lifestyle of adolescents; (2). analyse the psychometric measures of the questionnaires used to assess the self-esteem/self-concept, self-perception, physical exercise and lifestyle of adolescents; and (3). determine which questionnaires are the most reliable and valid for assessing the self-esteem/self-concept, self-perception, physical exercise and lifestyle of adolescents. Method: A bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, Medline, Cuiden, Scielo, Dialnet, PubMed and Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare following the PICO method. The recommendations of the PRISMA statement were followed. Results: A total of 71 scientific articles were collected. Within the self-perception/self-concept questionnaires, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale stands out for being an optimal and widely used resource in adolescents. Regarding the questionnaires that evaluate self-perception, the General Health Questionnaire is the most used; it is used in numerous national health surveys in different countries. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents ranks first with respect to the rest of the tools. It is a widely used resource internationally and provides enough information on the physical activity carried out by the subject in a given week. Although there are several questionnaires that measure lifestyle, the Health Behavior in School-aged Children instrument was selected. This instrument is at the European level and involves the collaboration of 48 countries and allows us to compare the lifestyle habits of adolescents from different countries. Discussion: The questionnaire that stands out in the assessment of self-esteem/self-concept is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The General Health Questionnaire has been selected as the best tool for assessing self-perception. To measure physical exercise, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents is identified as the ideal instrument because it is widely used and can be completed quickly. Regarding lifestyle, the Health Behavior in School aged Children is shown to be an effective instrument in assessing lifestyle.
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Shiri R, Karhula K, Turunen J, Koskinen A, Ropponen A, Ervasti J, Kivimäki M, Härmä M. The Effect of Using Participatory Working Time Scheduling Software on Employee Well-Being and Workability: A Cohort Study Analysed as a Pseudo-Experiment. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101385. [PMID: 34683065 PMCID: PMC8544422 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shift workers are at increased risk of health problems. Effective preventive measures are needed to reduce the unfavourable effects of shift work. In this study we explored whether use of digital participatory working time scheduling software improves employee well-being and perceived workability by analysing an observational cohort study as a pseudo-experiment. Participants of the Finnish Public Sector cohort study with payroll records available between 2015 and 2019 were included (N = 2427). After estimating the propensity score of using the participatory working time scheduling software on the baseline characteristics using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression and assigning inverse probability of treatment weights for each participant, we used generalised linear model to estimate the effect of using the participatory working time scheduling software on employees’ control over scheduling of shifts, perceived workability, self-rated health, work-life conflict, psychological distress and short sleep (≤ 6 h). During a 2-year follow-up, using the participatory working time scheduling software reduced the risk of employees’ low control over scheduling of shifts (risk ratio [RR] 0.34; 95% CI 0.25–0.46), short sleep (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.52–0.95) and poor workability (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.55–0.99). The use of the software was not associated with changes in psychological distress, self-rated health and work-life conflict. In this observational study, we analysed as a pseudo-experiment, the use of participatory working time scheduling software was associated with increased employees’ perceived control over scheduling of shifts and improved sleep and self-rated workability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kati Karhula
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Jarno Turunen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Aki Koskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Annina Ropponen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland; (K.K.); (J.T.); (A.K.); (A.R.); (J.E.); (M.K.); (M.H.)
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Anjara SG, Brayne C, Van Bortel T. Perceived causes of mental illness and views on appropriate care pathways among Indonesians. Int J Ment Health Syst 2021; 15:74. [PMID: 34556137 PMCID: PMC8461980 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-021-00497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health system in Indonesia comprises attempts to modernise a colonial relic. There is still a disconnect between available services and help-seeking behaviours at the grassroots level. This study aims to explore the perceptions of Javanese people on the aetiology of mental illness and their ideas on how to deal with individuals who may have mental illness. METHODS This qualitative study involves semi-structured interviews, embedded in a cluster randomised trial examining the clinical and cost-effectiveness of primary mental health services. Interviews were conducted with Indonesian and Javanese. The recruitment procedure was aligned to the trial. Participants were primary care patients recruited from 21 sites across Yogyakarta province. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts. RESULTS 75 participants took part in the study: 51 women (68%) and 24 men (32%). Key themes emerged around perceived causes of mental health problems (including 'extrinsic factors'; 'intrinsic factors'; and 'spiritual factors'), and perceived appropriate pathways of care ('modern medical science'; 'social support and activities'; and 'religious or spiritual interventions'). Gender potentially influenced some of the responses. CONCLUSIONS Themes indicate the variety of preconceptions towards mental health problems and assumptions regarding the best management pathways. Some of these preconceptions and assumptions support the utility of modern medical care, while the rest promote spiritual or religious healers. Participants' ideas of the appropriate care pathways largely correspond to their perception of what the symptoms are caused by. Despite hints to some understanding of the bio-psycho-social model of mental illness, most participants did not capture the complexity of mental health and illness, indicating the importance of contextual (especially culturally and religiously-aligned) public education around mental health, illness and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gabrielle Anjara
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Box 113, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Box 113, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Tine Van Bortel
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Box 113, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE2 7GZ, UK
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Prabowo KA, Ellenzy G, Wijaya MC, Kloping YP. Impact of Work from Home Policy during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Reproductive Health of Women in Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2021; 34:17-26. [PMID: 38595683 PMCID: PMC10903704 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2021.1928808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of work from home (WFH) during the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and reproductive health of women in Indonesia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the impact of WFH policy on said health aspects in Indonesia. Methods: We conducted an observational study with a cross-sectional approach using an online survey among premenopausal married women in Indonesia. The survey included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) for psychological distress, average sexual intercourse frequency (SIF) per week, contraception use, change of menstrual pattern, and desire for having children. To analyze the effect of WFH, the participants were divided into groups based on their WFH compliance: (1) Both couples (her and her spouse) work from home, (2) Only the wife works from home, (3) Only the husband works from home, and (4) Neither works from home. Results: 348 women were included in this study. Psychological distress occurred in 48.0% (n = 167) participants. No significant difference was found between the WFH groups (χ2[3, N = 348] = 2.077, p = .56)). The average weekly SIF was found to be significantly fewer during WFH (T = 5014, z = -5.598, p < .001). However, only 22.7% (n = 79) participants reported the use of contraception and 52.9% (n = 196) participants still wanted to have children. Change of menstrual pattern occurred in 31.6% (n = 110) participants and were significantly correlated to psychological distress (rs= .126, p = .018). Conclusions: WFH does not aggravate the effect of the pandemic on women's mental and reproductive health in Indonesia. A significant number of them still desire to have children and contraceptive prevalence is low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Ellenzy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maria C. Wijaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Laria JC, Delgado-Gómez D, Peñuelas-Calvo I, Baca-García E, Lillo RE. Accurate Prediction of Children's ADHD Severity Using Family Burden Information: A Neural Lasso Approach. Front Comput Neurosci 2021; 15:674028. [PMID: 34234664 PMCID: PMC8255467 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.674028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep lasso algorithm (dlasso) is introduced as a neural version of the statistical linear lasso algorithm that holds benefits from both methodologies: feature selection and automatic optimization of the parameters (including the regularization parameter). This last property makes dlasso particularly attractive for feature selection on small samples. In the two first conducted experiments, it was observed that dlasso is capable of obtaining better performance than its non-neuronal version (traditional lasso), in terms of predictive error and correct variable selection. Once that dlasso performance has been assessed, it is used to determine whether it is possible to predict the severity of symptoms in children with ADHD from four scales that measure family burden, family functioning, parental satisfaction, and parental mental health. Results show that dlasso is able to predict parents' assessment of the severity of their children's inattention from only seven items from the previous scales. These items are related to parents' satisfaction and degree of parental burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Laria
- Department of Statistics, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Delgado-Gómez
- Department of Statistics, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Santander Big Data Institute, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes, France
| | - Rosa E Lillo
- Department of Statistics, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Santander Big Data Institute, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Huda MN, Billah M, Sharmin S, Amanullah ASM, Hossin MZ. Associations between family social circumstances and psychological distress among the university students of Bangladesh: To what extent do the lifestyle factors mediate? BMC Psychol 2021; 9:80. [PMID: 33993887 PMCID: PMC8126148 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While there is a growing body of empirical studies focusing on the social and behavioral predictors of psychological health, the mechanisms that may underlie the reported associations have not been adequately explored. This study aimed to examine the association of social and lifestyle factors with psychological distress, and the potential mediating role of the lifestyle factors in the estimated associations between social circumstances and psychological distress. Methods A total of 742 tertiary level students (53% females) from a range of socio-economic backgrounds and multiple educational institutions participated in this cross-sectional study. The 12-items General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was utilized for measuring psychological distress. Data related to students’ socio-demographic characteristics, family social circumstances, and lifestyle factors were also collected. Modified Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The multivariable regression analysis suggests heightened risks of psychological distress associated with low parental Socio-Economic Position (SEP) (RR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.76), childhood poverty (RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.55), and living away from the family (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.54). Among the lifestyle factors, past smoking, physical inactivity, inadequate fruit intake, and poor sleep quality were strongly associated with psychological distress and these associations persisted when the family social circumstances and lifestyle factors were mutually adjusted for. The lifestyle factors did not considerably mediate the estimated associations between family social circumstances and psychological distress. Conclusion The social and lifestyle factors operated independently to increase students’ risk of psychological distress. Accordingly, while promoting students’ healthy lifestyles may reduce the overall burden of psychological distress, any equity initiative aiming to minimize the social inequalities in psychological health should be targeted to improving the living conditions in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nazmul Huda
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Masum Billah
- Department of Sociology, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sonia Sharmin
- Research and Evaluation, Take Two, Berry Street, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Social Work and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A S M Amanullah
- Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Zakir Hossin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of General Education, Eastern University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Kilpiö O, Härkki PSM, Mentula MJ, Pakarinen PI. Health-related Quality of Life after Laparoscopic Hysterectomy following Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol or a Conventional Recovery Protocol. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021; 28:1650-1655. [PMID: 33582379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychologic distress after laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) following enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and conventional recovery protocols. DESIGN A secondary analysis of a single-center randomized controlled trial. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS Women assigned to LH were randomly divided into 2 groups: intervention (ERAS protocol) group (IG) (n = 60) and control (conventional protocol) group (CG) (n = 60). INTERVENTIONS Women in the intervention group (IG) were treated according to the ERAS protocol. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary outcome was a change in HRQoL assessed by the 15D questionnaire and a change in psychologic distress assessed by the General Health Questionnaire-12 at baseline before surgery and 1 month later. One month after surgery, the HRQoL was clinically and statistically better compared with baseline but with no difference between the groups. When following the ERAS protocol, the improvement in HRQoL was clinically greater, the difference in the dimension of sleeping was statistically better (p <.05), and the dimensions of discomfort and symptoms (+0.028), depression (+0.282), distress (+0.018), and vitality (+0.040) were clinically better than when following the conventional recovery protocol. No differences were found in the psychologic distress scores either preoperatively or 1 month after surgery (24 in IG vs 25 in CG [p = .85] and 9 in IG vs 12 in CG [p = .47], respectively). CONCLUSION The HRQoL improved after LH with no significant difference between the ERAS and conventional recovery protocols. However, clinically, the change in HRQoL was greater, and the dimensions of sleeping, discomfort and symptoms, depression, distress, and vitality were better when following ERAS. Psychologic distress was equal in both groups. ERAS seems to have a positive impact on recovery after LH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kilpiö
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (all authors)..
| | - Päivi S M Härkki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (all authors)
| | - Maarit J Mentula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (all authors)
| | - Päivi I Pakarinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (all authors)
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