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Ong SY, Wang L. Leveraging genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics to understand chemoimmunotherapy resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Drug Resist 2024; 7:7. [PMID: 38434768 PMCID: PMC10905154 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have differing clinical outcomes. Recent advances integrating multi-omic data have uncovered molecular subtypes in CLL with different prognostic implications and may allow better prediction of therapy response. While finite-duration chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) has enabled deep responses and prolonged duration of responses in the past, the advent of novel targeted therapy for the treatment of CLL has dramatically changed the therapeutic landscape. In this review, we discuss the latest genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic alterations regarded as major drivers of resistance to CIT in CLL. Further advances in genomic medicine will allow for better prediction of response to therapy and provide the basis for rational selection of therapy for long-term remissions with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yeu Ong
- Department of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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2
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Brunner A, Thalhammer-Thurner GC, Willenbacher W, Haun M, Zelger BG, Willenbacher E. In-depth molecular analysis of lymphomas with lymphoplasmacytic differentiation may provide more precise diagnosis and rational treatment allocation. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:553-563. [PMID: 37951851 PMCID: PMC10798918 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We performed a molecular analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded and decalcified bone marrow trephine biopsies of 41 patients with a B-cell disorder with lymphoplasmacytic differentiation to enable a more precise diagnosis and to describe potentially prognostic and therapeutic relevant mutations. Analysis was performed with a commercially available next-generation sequencing (NGS) lymphoma panel (Lymphoma Solution, SophiaGenetics). Results were correlated with clinical and pathological parameters. Our group covered a spectrum of B-cell disorders with plasmacytic differentiation ranging from Waldenstroem's macroglobulinemia (WM), to small-B-cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation (SBCL-PC) to IgM myeloma (MM). The most helpful diagnostic criteria included morphology and immuno-phenotype as a prerequisite for the interpretation of molecular analysis. MYD88 mutation was present in nearly all WM, but also in 50% of SBCL-PCs, while MM were consistently negative. Driver mutations, such as TP53, were already detectable early in the course of the respective diseases indicating a higher risk of progression, transformation, and reduced progression-free survival. In addition, we report on a novel BIRC3 frameshift mutation in one case of a progressive WM. Our data indicate that patients with LPL/WM might benefit from thorough pathological work-up and detailed molecular analysis in terms of precise diagnosis and targeted treatment allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brunner
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | - Wolfgang Willenbacher
- Internal Medicine V, Haematology & Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Syndena GmbH, Connect to Cure, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margot Haun
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Gudrun Zelger
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ella Willenbacher
- Internal Medicine V, Haematology & Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Chen C, Miao X, Guo X, Xu J, Liang J, Zheng Y, Chi L, Chen X, Wei L, Zhang H, Ye X, He J. Safety of selinexor as the only exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitor so far: a post-marketing study based on the world Health Organization pharmacovigilance database (Vigibase). Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:247-255. [PMID: 37608630 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2248888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitors are being developed as a new agent for anti-cancer therapies. This study aimed to broadly portray the adverse event (AE) profile of selinexor, an XPO1 inhibitor, in actual clinical practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Disproportionality analyses were conducted by calculating the information component and reporting odds ratio in VigiBase over different reporting periods. All selinexor-related AEs were classified by system organ class (SOC) and preferred term (PT) according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. RESULTS A total of 116,443 AEs were identified in 2,608 patients that received selinexor. Patients with cardiac disorders had a higher propensity for death. Thirteen SOCs and 125 PTs were identified as having a potential connection with selinexor. Notably, 29 suspected signals detected in our study were defined as significant AEs by the European Medicines Agency, including febrile neutropenia, pancytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Attention should be paid to these AEs, despite most toxicities being manageable and reversible. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a number of AEs associated with selinexor. Most toxicities are reversible but require careful management. The benefit of selinexor still outweighs the potential risks, indicating XPO1 inhibitors as promising agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfang Xu
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jizhou Liang
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Chi
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhui Wei
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Ye
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Sud A, Parry EM, Wu CJ. The molecular map of CLL and Richter's syndrome. Semin Hematol 2024:S0037-1963(24)00009-X. [PMID: 38368146 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Clonal expansion of B-cells, from the early stages of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis through to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and then in some cases to Richter's syndrome (RS) provides a comprehensive model of cancer evolution, notable for the marked morphological transformation and distinct clinical phenotypes. High-throughput sequencing of large cohorts of patients and single-cell studies have generated a molecular map of CLL and more recently, of RS, yielding fundamental insights into these diseases and of clonal evolution. A selection of CLL driver genes have been functionally interrogated to yield novel insights into the biology of CLL. Such findings have the potential to impact patient care through risk stratification, treatment selection and drug discovery. However, this molecular map remains incomplete, with extant questions concerning the origin of the B-cell clone, the role of the TME, inter- and intra-compartmental heterogeneity and of therapeutic resistance mechanisms. Through the application of multi-modal single-cell technologies across tissues, disease states and clinical contexts, these questions can now be addressed with the answers holding great promise of generating translatable knowledge to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Erin M Parry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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5
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Caillot M, Miloudi H, Taly A, Profitós-Pelejà N, Santos JC, Ribeiro ML, Maitre E, Saule S, Roué G, Jardin F, Sola B. Exportin 1-mediated nuclear/cytoplasmic trafficking controls drug sensitivity of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2546-2564. [PMID: 36727672 PMCID: PMC10701774 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1) is the main nuclear export receptor that controls the subcellular trafficking and the functions of major regulatory proteins. XPO1 is overexpressed in various cancers and small inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) have been developed to inhibit XPO1. In primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) and classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), the XPO1 gene may be mutated on one nucleotide and encodes the mutant XPO1E571K . To understand the impact of mutation on protein function, we studied the response of PMBL and cHL cells to selinexor, a SINE, and ibrutinib, an inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase. XPO1 mutation renders lymphoma cells more sensitive to selinexor due to a faster degradation of mutant XPO1 compared to the wild-type. We further showed that a mistrafficking of p65 (RELA) and p52 (NFκB2) transcription factors between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments accounts for the response toward ibrutinib. XPO1 mutation may be envisaged as a biomarker of the response of PMBL and cHL cells and other B-cell hemopathies to SINEs and drugs that target even indirectly the NFκB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antoine Taly
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Nuria Profitós-Pelejà
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Juliana C Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marcelo L Ribeiro
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Elsa Maitre
- Normandie Univ, INSERM, Unicaen, Caen, France
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Simon Saule
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INSERM, Orsay, France
| | - Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Fabrice Jardin
- Normandie Univ, INSERM, Unirouen, Rouen, France
- Service d'hématologie, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France
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6
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Yang Y, Guo L, Chen L, Gong B, Jia D, Sun Q. Nuclear transport proteins: structure, function, and disease relevance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:425. [PMID: 37945593 PMCID: PMC10636164 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper subcellular localization is crucial for the functioning of biomacromolecules, including proteins and RNAs. Nuclear transport is a fundamental cellular process that regulates the localization of many macromolecules within the nuclear or cytoplasmic compartments. In humans, approximately 60 proteins are involved in nuclear transport, including nucleoporins that form membrane-embedded nuclear pore complexes, karyopherins that transport cargoes through these complexes, and Ran system proteins that ensure directed and rapid transport. Many of these nuclear transport proteins play additional and essential roles in mitosis, biomolecular condensation, and gene transcription. Dysregulation of nuclear transport is linked to major human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Selinexor (KPT-330), an inhibitor targeting the nuclear export factor XPO1 (also known as CRM1), was approved in 2019 to treat two types of blood cancers, and dozens of clinical trials of are ongoing. This review summarizes approximately three decades of research data in this field but focuses on the structure and function of individual nuclear transport proteins from recent studies, providing a cutting-edge and holistic view on the role of nuclear transport proteins in health and disease. In-depth knowledge of this rapidly evolving field has the potential to bring new insights into fundamental biology, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Mghezzi-Habellah M, Prochasson L, Jalinot P, Mocquet V. Viral Subversion of the Chromosome Region Maintenance 1 Export Pathway and Its Consequences for the Cell Host. Viruses 2023; 15:2218. [PMID: 38005895 PMCID: PMC10674744 DOI: 10.3390/v15112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the spatial distribution between cytoplasm and nucleus is essential for cell homeostasis. This dynamic distribution is selectively regulated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which allows the passive or energy-dependent transport of proteins between these two compartments. Viruses possess many strategies to hijack nucleocytoplasmic shuttling for the benefit of their viral replication. Here, we review how viruses interfere with the karyopherin CRM1 that controls the nuclear export of protein cargoes. We analyze the fact that the viral hijacking of CRM1 provokes are-localization of numerous cellular factors in a suitable place for specific steps of viral replication. While CRM1 emerges as a critical partner for viruses, it also takes part in antiviral and inflammatory response regulation. This review also addresses how CRM1 hijacking affects it and the benefits of CRM1 inhibitors as antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincent Mocquet
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Supérieure-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, U1293, UMR5239, 69364 Lyon, France; (M.M.-H.); (L.P.); (P.J.)
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8
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Moia R, Terzi di Bergamo L, Talotta D, Bomben R, Forestieri G, Spina V, Bruscaggin A, Cosentino C, Almasri M, Dondolin R, Bittolo T, Zucchetto A, Baldoni S, Del Giudice I, Mauro FR, Maffei R, Chiarenza A, Tafuri A, Laureana R, Del Principe MI, Zaja F, D'Arena G, Olivieri J, Rasi S, Mahmoud A, Al Essa W, Awikeh B, Kogila S, Bellia M, Mouhssine S, Sportoletti P, Marasca R, Scarfò L, Ghia P, Gattei V, Foà R, Rossi D, Gaidano G. XPO1 mutations identify early-stage CLL characterized by shorter time to first treatment and enhanced BCR signalling. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:416-425. [PMID: 37580908 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Here we evaluated the epigenomic and transcriptomic profile of XPO1 mutant chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and their clinical phenotype. By ATAC-seq, chromatin regions that were more accessible in XPO1 mutated CLL were enriched of binding sites for transcription factors regulated by pathways emanating from the B-cell receptor (BCR), including NF-κB signalling, p38-JNK and RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK. XPO1 mutant CLL, consistent with the chromatin accessibility changes, were enriched with transcriptomic features associated with BCR and cytokine signalling. By combining epigenomic and transcriptomic data, MIR155HG, the host gene of miR-155, and MYB, the transcription factor that positively regulates MIR155HG, were upregulated by RNA-seq and their promoters were more accessible by ATAC-seq. To evaluate the clinical impact of XPO1 mutations, we investigated a total of 957 early-stage CLL subdivided into 3 independent cohorts (N = 276, N = 286 and N = 395). Next-generation sequencing analysis identified XPO1 mutations as a novel predictor of shorter time to first treatment (TTFT) in all cohorts. Notably, XPO1 mutations maintained their prognostic value independent of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable status and early-stage prognostic models. These data suggest that XPO1 mutations, conceivably through increased miR-155 levels, may enhance BCR signalling leading to higher proliferation and shorter TTFT in early-stage CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Moia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Lodovico Terzi di Bergamo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donatella Talotta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bomben
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gabriela Forestieri
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Spina
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Bruscaggin
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Cosentino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mohammad Almasri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dondolin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Tamara Bittolo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Stefano Baldoni
- Institute of Hematology, Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Del Giudice
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Mauro
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiarenza
- A.O.O. Policlinico "G. Rodolico-S. Marco", U.O.C. Ematologia, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Zaja
- SC Ematologia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Arena
- Ematologia, P.O. San Luca, ASL Salerno, Vallo della Lucania, Italy
| | - Jacopo Olivieri
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), SOC Clinica Ematologica, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Rasi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Abdurraouf Mahmoud
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Wael Al Essa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Bassel Awikeh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Sreekar Kogila
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Samir Mouhssine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Institute of Hematology, Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lydia Scarfò
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Robin Foà
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Vitale C, Griggio V, Todaro M, Riganti C, Jones R, Boccellato E, Perutelli F, Arruga F, Vaisitti T, Efremov DG, Deaglio S, Landesman Y, Bruno B, Coscia M. Anti-tumor activity of selinexor in combination with antineoplastic agents in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16950. [PMID: 37805613 PMCID: PMC10560255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent relevant therapeutic progresses, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease. Selinexor, an oral inhibitor of the nuclear export protein XPO1, is active as single agent in different hematologic malignancies, including CLL. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of selinexor, used in combination with chemotherapy drugs (i.e. fludarabine and bendamustine) or with the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib in CLL. Our results showed a significant decrease in CLL cell viability after treatment with selinexor-containing drug combinations compared to each single compound, with demonstration of synergistic cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, this drug synergism was exerted also in the presence of the protective effect of stromal cells. From the molecular standpoint, the synergistic cytotoxic activity of selinexor plus idelalisib was associated with increased regulatory effects of this drug combination on the tumor suppressors FOXO3A and IkBα compared to each single compound. Finally, selinexor was also effective in potentiating the in vivo anti-tumor effects of the PI3Kδ inhibitor in mice treated with the drug combination compared to single agents. Our data provide preclinical evidence of the synergism and potential efficacy of a combination treatment targeting XPO1 and PI3Kδ in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Vitale
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Griggio
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Todaro
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Jones
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Elia Boccellato
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Dimitar G Efremov
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Benedetto Bruno
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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10
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Fisher JG, Doyle ADP, Graham LV, Sonar S, Sale B, Henderson I, Del Rio L, Johnson PWM, Landesman Y, Cragg MS, Forconi F, Walker CJ, Khakoo SI, Blunt MD. XPO1 inhibition sensitises CLL cells to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and overcomes HLA-E expression. Leukemia 2023; 37:2036-2049. [PMID: 37528310 PMCID: PMC10539165 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The first-in-class inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1) selinexor is currently under clinical investigation in combination with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Selinexor induces apoptosis of tumour cells through nuclear retention of tumour suppressor proteins and has also recently been described to modulate natural killer (NK) cell and T cell cytotoxicity against lymphoma cells. Here, we demonstrate that XPO1 inhibition enhances NK cell effector function against primary CLL cells via downregulation of HLA-E and upregulation of TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5. Furthermore, selinexor potentiates NK cell activation against CLL cells in combination with several approved treatments; acalabrutinib, rituximab and obinutuzumab. We further demonstrate that lymph node associated signals (IL-4 + CD40L) inhibit NK cell activation against CLL cells via upregulation of HLA-E, and that inhibition of XPO1 can overcome this protective effect. These findings allow for the design of more efficacious combination strategies to harness NK cell effector functions against CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack G Fisher
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Amber D P Doyle
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lara V Graham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shreyanshi Sonar
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ben Sale
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Isla Henderson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Luis Del Rio
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Mark S Cragg
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Forconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Haematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Salim I Khakoo
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew D Blunt
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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11
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Li J, Liu X. Coptisine inhibits the malignancy of bladder carcinoma cells and regulates XPO1 expression. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:805-814. [PMID: 37442763 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This work is performed to investigate the effect of coptisine (COP) on the malignant biological behaviors of bladder carcinoma cells and its underlying mechanism. Bladder carcinoma cell lines were treated with different concentrations of COP in vitro. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), scratch healing assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect cell growth, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the molecular targets of COP. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were adopted to determine the expression levels of exportin 1 (XPO1) mRNA and protein, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to predict the signaling pathways related to XPO1. This study showed that COP treatment markedly suppressed the malignant biological behaviors of bladder carcinoma cells. XPO1 was identified as a downstream molecular target of COP in bladder carcinoma, and COP treatment inhibited the expression of XPO1 in bladder carcinoma cell lines. Overexpression of XPO1 reversed the impacts of COP on the malignant biological behaviors of bladder carcinoma cells. COP treatment modulated the expression level of cyclin D1 and CYP450 via XPO1. In summary, COP represses the malignant biological behaviors of bladder carcinoma cells and regulates XPO1 expression, which is promising to be a complementary drug for bladder carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Waqas FH, Shehata M, Elgaher WAM, Lacour A, Kurmasheva N, Begnini F, Kiib AE, Dahlmann J, Chen C, Pavlou A, Poulsen TB, Merkert S, Martin U, Olmer R, Olagnier D, Hirsch AKH, Pleschka S, Pessler F. NRF2 activators inhibit influenza A virus replication by interfering with nucleo-cytoplasmic export of viral RNPs in an NRF2-independent manner. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011506. [PMID: 37459366 PMCID: PMC10374058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, activators of the cytoprotective nuclear factor erythroid-2-like-2 (NRF2) signaling pathway have antiviral effects, but the underlying antiviral mechanisms are incompletely understood. We evaluated the ability of the NRF2 activators 4-octyl itaconate (4OI), bardoxolone methyl (BARD), sulforaphane (SFN), and the inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1)-mediated nuclear export selinexor (SEL) to interfere with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) infection of human cells. All compounds reduced viral titers in supernatants from A549 cells and vascular endothelial cells in the order of efficacy SEL>4OI>BARD = SFN, which correlated with their ability to prevent nucleo-cytoplasmic export of viral nucleoprotein and the host cell protein p53. In contrast, intracellular levels of viral HA mRNA and nucleocapsid protein (NP) were unaffected. Knocking down mRNA encoding KEAP1 (the main inhibitor of NRF2) or inactivating the NFE2L2 gene (which encodes NRF2) revealed that physiologic NRF2 signaling restricts IAV replication. However, the antiviral effect of all compounds was NRF2-independent. Instead, XPO1 knock-down greatly reduced viral titers, and incubation of Calu3 cells with an alkynated 4OI probe demonstrated formation of a covalent complex with XPO1. Ligand-target modelling predicted covalent binding of all three NRF2 activators and SEL to the active site of XPO1 involving the critical Cys528. SEL and 4OI manifested the highest binding energies, whereby the 4-octyl tail of 4OI interacted extensively with the hydrophobic groove of XPO1, which binds nuclear export sequences on cargo proteins. Conversely, SEL as well as the three NRF2 activators were predicted to covalently bind the functionally critical Cys151 in KEAP1. Blocking XPO1-mediated nuclear export may, thus, constitute a "noncanonical" mechanism of anti-influenza activity of electrophilic NRF2 activators that can interact with similar cysteine environments at the active sites of XPO1 and KEAP1. Considering the importance of XPO1 function to a variety of pathogenic viruses, compounds that are optimized to inhibit both targets may constitute an important class of broadly active host-directed treatments that embody anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar H Waqas
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walid A M Elgaher
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Antoine Lacour
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Fabio Begnini
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders E Kiib
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Dahlmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Chutao Chen
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Pavlou
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sylvia Merkert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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13
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Wang H, Teng X, Lin Y, Jiang C, Chen X, Zhang Y. Targeting XPO6 inhibits prostate cancer progression and enhances the suppressive efficacy of docetaxel. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:82. [PMID: 37243787 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although XPO6, one of the Exportin family members, functions in malignant progression of certain types of cancer, its role in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been elucidated. Herein, we investigated the oncogenic effect and clarified the downstream mechanism of XPO6 in PCa cells. METHODS We detected the expression level of XPO6 in PCa tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and XPO6 level based on TCGA database. The effects of XPO6 in the proliferation and migration or resistance to docetaxel (DTX) in PCa cells were assessed using CCK8, colony formation, wound-healing and Transwell assays. Mice experiments were performed to investigate the role of XPO6 in tumor progression and DTX effect in vivo. Further, functional analysis of DEGs revealed the correlation of XPO6 with Hippo pathway and XPO6 could promote the expression and nuclear translocation of YAP1 protein. Furthermore, blocking Hippo pathway with YAP1 inhibitor leads to the loss of XPO6-mediated regulation of biological functions. RESULTS XPO6 was highly expressed and positively correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of PCa. Functional experiments indicated that XPO6 could promote tumor development and DTX resistance in PCa. Mechanistically, we further confirmed that XPO6 could regulate Hippo pathway via mediating YAP1 protein expression and nuclear translocation thereby promoting PCa progression and chemotherapeutic resistance. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our research reveals that XPO6 potentially function as an oncogene and promotes DTX resistance of PCa, suggesting that XPO6 could be both a potential prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target to effectively overcome DTX resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huming Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.678, Furong Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China.
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14
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Mansouri L, Thorvaldsdottir B, Sutton LA, Karakatsoulis G, Meggendorfer M, Parker H, Nadeu F, Brieghel C, Laidou S, Moia R, Rossi D, Catherwood M, Kotaskova J, Delgado J, Rodríguez-Vicente AE, Benito R, Rigolin GM, Bonfiglio S, Scarfo L, Mattsson M, Davis Z, Gogia A, Rani L, Baliakas P, Foroughi-Asl H, Jylhä C, Skaftason A, Rapado I, Miras F, Martinez-Lopez J, de la Serna J, Rivas JMH, Thornton P, Larráyoz MJ, Calasanz MJ, Fésüs V, Mátrai Z, Bödör C, Smedby KE, Espinet B, Puiggros A, Gupta R, Bullinger L, Bosch F, Tazón-Vega B, Baran-Marszak F, Oscier D, Nguyen-Khac F, Zenz T, Terol MJ, Cuneo A, Hernández-Sánchez M, Pospisilova S, Mills K, Gaidano G, Niemann CU, Campo E, Strefford JC, Ghia P, Stamatopoulos K, Rosenquist R. Different prognostic impact of recurrent gene mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia depending on IGHV gene somatic hypermutation status: a study by ERIC in HARMONY. Leukemia 2023; 37:339-347. [PMID: 36566271 PMCID: PMC9898037 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the prognostic impact of gene mutations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may differ depending on the immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) gene somatic hypermutation (SHM) status. In this study, we assessed the impact of nine recurrently mutated genes (BIRC3, EGR2, MYD88, NFKBIE, NOTCH1, POT1, SF3B1, TP53, and XPO1) in pre-treatment samples from 4580 patients with CLL, using time-to-first-treatment (TTFT) as the primary end-point in relation to IGHV gene SHM status. Mutations were detected in 1588 (34.7%) patients at frequencies ranging from 2.3-9.8% with mutations in NOTCH1 being the most frequent. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, mutations in all genes except MYD88 were associated with a significantly shorter TTFT. In multivariate analysis of Binet stage A patients, performed separately for IGHV-mutated (M-CLL) and unmutated CLL (U-CLL), a different spectrum of gene alterations independently predicted short TTFT within the two subgroups. While SF3B1 and XPO1 mutations were independent prognostic variables in both U-CLL and M-CLL, TP53, BIRC3 and EGR2 aberrations were significant predictors only in U-CLL, and NOTCH1 and NFKBIE only in M-CLL. Our findings underscore the need for a compartmentalized approach to identify high-risk patients, particularly among M-CLL patients, with potential implications for stratified management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Mansouri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birna Thorvaldsdottir
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lesley-Ann Sutton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios Karakatsoulis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Mathematics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Helen Parker
- Cancer Genomics, School for Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Brieghel
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stamatia Laidou
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Riccardo Moia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mark Catherwood
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jana Kotaskova
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julio Delgado
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana E Rodríguez-Vicente
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC) CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocío Benito
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC) CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gian Matteo Rigolin
- Hematology-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonfiglio
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Lydia Scarfo
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Mattias Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zadie Davis
- Molecular Pathology Department, University Hospitals Dorset, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Ajay Gogia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Lata Rani
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Panagiotis Baliakas
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hassan Foroughi-Asl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Jylhä
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aron Skaftason
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inmaculada Rapado
- Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Miras
- Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martinez-Lopez
- Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier de la Serna
- Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish National Cancer Research (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús María Hernández Rivas
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC) CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - María José Larráyoz
- Hematological Diseases Laboratory, CIMA LAB Diagnostics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María José Calasanz
- Hematological Diseases Laboratory, CIMA LAB Diagnostics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Viktória Fésüs
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mátrai
- Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Blanca Espinet
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar and Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Puiggros
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar and Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ritu Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesc Bosch
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Tazón-Vega
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fanny Baran-Marszak
- Service d'hématologie Biologique Hôpital Avicenne Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - David Oscier
- Molecular Pathology Department, University Hospitals Dorset, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Florence Nguyen-Khac
- Sorbonne Université, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Jose Terol
- Department of Hematology, INCLIVA Research Insitute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Hematology-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - María Hernández-Sánchez
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC) CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ken Mills
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Carsten U Niemann
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elias Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- Cancer Genomics, School for Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
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15
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Mollstedt J, Mansouri L, Rosenquist R. Precision diagnostics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Past, present and future. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1146486. [PMID: 37035166 PMCID: PMC10080996 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1146486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic diagnostics of hematological malignancies has evolved dramatically over the years, from chromosomal banding analysis to next-generation sequencing, with a corresponding increased capacity to detect clinically relevant prognostic and predictive biomarkers. In diagnostics of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we currently apply fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based analysis to detect recurrent chromosomal aberrations (del(11q), del(13q), del(17p) and trisomy 12) as well as targeted sequencing (IGHV and TP53 mutational status) for risk-stratifying purposes. These analyses are performed before start of any line of treatment and assist in clinical decision-making including selection of targeted therapy (BTK and BCL2 inhibitors). Here, we present the current view on the genomic landscape of CLL, including an update on recent advances with potential for clinical translation. We discuss different state-of-the-art technologies that are applied to enable precision diagnostics in CLL and highlight important genomic markers with current prognostic and/or predictive impact as well as those of prospective clinical relevance. In the coming years, it will be important to develop more comprehensive genomic analyses that can capture all types of relevant genetic aberrations, but also to develop highly sensitive assays to detect minor mutations that affect therapy response or confer resistance to targeted therapies. Finally, we will bring up the potential of new technologies and multi-omics analysis to further subclassify the disease and facilitate implementation of precision medicine approaches in this still incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mollstedt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Larry Mansouri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Richard Rosenquist,
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Hussain HMJ, Cai Y, Weng Q, Tong J, Aftab A, Jin Y, Liu J, Yu S, Fang Z, Du W, Pan X, Ren H, Xie J. Mutation in XPO5 causes adult-onset autosomal dominant familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:57. [DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histological pathology that characterizes a wide spectrum of diseases. Many genes associated with FSGS have been studied previously, but there are still some FSGS families reported in the literature without the identification of known gene mutations. The aim of this study was to investigate the new genetic cause of adult-onset FSGS.
Methods
This study included 40 FSGS families, 77 sporadic FSGS cases, 157 non-FSGS chronic kidney disease (CKD) families and 195 healthy controls for analyses. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed on probands and family members of all recruited families and sporadic FSGS cases.
Results
Using WES, we have identified a novel heterozygous missense variant (c.T1655C:p.V552A) in exportin 5 gene (XPO5) in two families (FS-133 and CKD-05) affected with FSGS and CKD. Sanger sequencing has confirmed the co-segregation of this identified variant in an autosomal dominant pattern within two families, while this variant was absent in healthy controls. Furthermore, the identified mutation was absent in 195 ethnically matched healthy controls by Sanger sequencing. Subsequently, in silico analysis demonstrated that the identified variant was highly conservative in evolution and likely to be pathogenic.
Conclusions
Our study reports an adult-onset autosomal dominant inheritance of the XPO5 variant in familial FSGS for the first time. Our study expanded the understanding of the genotypic, phenotypic and ethnical spectrum of mutation in this gene.
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Liu G, Chen T, Zhang X, Ma X, Shi H. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the cancers. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e181. [PMID: 36254250 PMCID: PMC9560750 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with traditional therapies, targeted therapy has merits in selectivity, efficacy, and tolerability. Small molecule inhibitors are one of the primary targeted therapies for cancer. Due to their advantages in a wide range of targets, convenient medication, and the ability to penetrate into the central nervous system, many efforts have been devoted to developing more small molecule inhibitors. To date, 88 small molecule inhibitors have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat cancers. Despite remarkable progress, small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment still face many obstacles, such as low response rate, short duration of response, toxicity, biomarkers, and resistance. To better promote the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting cancers, we comprehensively reviewed small molecule inhibitors involved in all the approved agents and pivotal drug candidates in clinical trials arranged by the signaling pathways and the classification of small molecule inhibitors. We discussed lessons learned from the development of these agents, the proper strategies to overcome resistance arising from different mechanisms, and combination therapies concerned with small molecule inhibitors. Through our review, we hoped to provide insights and perspectives for the research and development of small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui‐Hong Liu
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xue‐Lei Ma
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hua‐Shan Shi
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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English KG, Reid AL, Samani A, Coulis GJF, Villalta SA, Walker CJ, Tamir S, Alexander MS. Next-Generation SINE Compound KPT-8602 Ameliorates Dystrophic Pathology in Zebrafish and Mouse Models of DMD. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102400. [PMID: 36289662 PMCID: PMC9598711 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive, X-linked childhood neuromuscular disorder that results from loss-of-function mutations in the DYSTROPHIN gene. DMD patients exhibit muscle necrosis, cardiomyopathy, respiratory failure, and loss of ambulation. One of the major driving forces of DMD disease pathology is chronic inflammation. The current DMD standard of care is corticosteroids; however, there are serious side effects with long-term use, thus identifying novel anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic treatments for DMD is of high priority. We investigated the next-generation SINE compound, KPT-8602 (eltanexor) as an oral therapeutic to alleviate dystrophic symptoms. We performed pre-clinical evaluation of the effects of KPT-8602 in DMD zebrafish (sapje) and mouse (D2-mdx) models. KPT-8602 improved dystrophic skeletal muscle pathologies, muscle architecture and integrity, and overall outcomes in both animal models. KPT-8602 treatment ameliorated DMD pathology in D2-mdx mice, with increased locomotor behavior and improved muscle histology. KPT-8602 altered the immunological profile of the dystrophic mice, and reduced circulating osteopontin serum levels. These findings demonstrate KPT-8602 as an effective therapeutic in DMD through by promotion of an anti-inflammatory environment and overall improvement of DMD pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G. English
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at Children’s of Alabama the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Andrea L. Reid
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at Children’s of Alabama the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Adrienne Samani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at Children’s of Alabama the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Gerald J. F. Coulis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92967, USA
| | - S. Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92967, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology at Children’s of Alabama the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine (UCEM), Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- UAB Civitan International Research Center (CIRC), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- UAB Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics (CNET), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence:
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Mouhssine S, Gaidano G. Richter Syndrome: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Druggable Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4644. [PMID: 36230566 PMCID: PMC9563287 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Richter syndrome (RS) represents the occurrence of an aggressive lymphoma, most commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Most cases of RS originate from the direct transformation of CLL, whereas 20% are de novo DLBCL arising as secondary malignancies. Multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to RS pathogenesis. B-cell receptor (BCR) overreactivity to multiple autoantigens is due to frequent stereotyped BCR configuration. Genetic lesions of TP53, CDKN2A, NOTCH1 and c-MYC deregulate DNA damage response, tumor suppression, apoptosis, cell cycle and proliferation. Hyperactivation of Akt and NOTCH1 signaling also plays a role. Altered expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and of other immune checkpoints leads to RS resistance to cytotoxicity exerted by T-cells. The molecular features of RS provide vulnerabilities for therapy. Targeting BCR signaling with noncovalent BTK inhibitors shows encouraging results, as does the combination of BCL2 inhibitors with chemoimmunotherapy. The association of immune checkpoint inhibitors with BCL2 inhibitors and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies is explored in early phase clinical trials with promising results. The development of patient-derived xenograft mice models reveals new molecular targets for RS, exemplified by ROR1. Although RS still represents an unmet medical need, understanding its biology is opening new avenues for precision medicine therapy.
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Abstract
Cells express thousands of macromolecules, and their functioning relies on multiple networks of intermolecular interactions. These interactions can be experimentally determined at different spatial and temporal resolutions. But, physical interfaces are not often delineated directly, especially in high-throughput experiments. A large fraction of protein-protein interactions involves domain and so-called SLiMs (for Short Linear Motifs). Often, SLiMs lie in disordered regions or loops. Their small size, limited sequence conservation, and loosely folded nature prevent straightforward detection. SLiMAn (Short Linear Motif Analysis), a new web server, is provided to help thorough analysis of interactomics data. From a list of putative interactants (e.g., output from an interactomics study), SLiMs (from ELM) and SLiM-recognition domains (from Pfam) are extracted, and putative pairings are displayed. Predicted results can be filtered using motif E-values, IUPred2 scores, or BioGRID interaction matches. When structural templates are available, a given SLiM and its recognition domain can be modeled using SCWRL. We illustrate here the use of SLiMAn on distinct examples, including one real-case study. We oversee wide-range applications for SLiMAn in the context of the massive analysis of protein-protein interactions. This new web server is made freely available at https://sliman.cbs.cnrs.fr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Reys
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Gilles Labesse
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France
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21
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Abstract
In the last 10–15 years, the way to treat cancers has dramatically changed towards precision medicine approaches. These treatment options are mainly based on selective targeting against signaling pathways critical for or detrimentally activated in cancer cells in cancer cells, as well as exploiting molecules that are specifically expressed on neoplastic cells, also known as tumor-associated antigens. These considerations hold true also in the hematological field where a plethora of novel targeted agents have reached patients’ bedside, significantly improving clinical responses. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an example of how targeted therapies, such as BTK, PI3K, or Bcl-2 inhibitors as well as anti-CD20 antibodies, have improved patients’ management, even when adopted as frontline treatment. However, these advancements do not apply to Richter’s syndrome (RS), the transformation of CLL into a very aggressive and fatal lymphoma, occurring in 2–10% of patients. RS is usually a fast-growing lymphoma of the diffuse large B cell or the Hodgkin’s variant, with a dismal prognosis. Despite advancements in depicting and understanding the genetic background of RS and its pathogenesis, no significant clinical results have been registered. In the last couple of years, several studies have started to investigate the impact of novel drugs or drug combinations and some of them have opened for clinical trials, currently in phase I or II, whose results will be soon available. This review will present an overview of current and most recent therapeutic options in RS, discussing also how results coming from xenograft models may help in designing and identifying novel treatment opportunities to overcome the lack of effective therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iannello
- Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
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22
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Balasubramanian SK, Azmi AS, Maciejewski J. Selective inhibition of nuclear export: a promising approach in the shifting treatment paradigms for hematological neoplasms. Leukemia 2022; 36:601-612. [PMID: 35091658 PMCID: PMC8885406 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel targeted therapeutics alone or in rational combinations are likely to dominate the future management of various hematological neoplasms. However, the challenges currently faced are the molecular heterogeneity in driver lesions and genetic plasticity leading to multiple resistance pathways. Thus, progress has overall been gradual. For example, despite the advent of targeted agents against actionable drivers like FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the prognosis remains suboptimal in newly diagnosed and dismal in the relapsed/refractory (R/R) setting, due to other molecular abnormalities contributing to inherent and acquired treatment resistance. Nuclear export inhibitors are of keen interest because they can inhibit several active tumorigenic processes simultaneously and also synergize with other targeted drugs and chemotherapy. XPO1 (or CRM1, chromosome maintenance region 1) is one of the most studied exportins involved in transporting critical cargoes, including tumor suppressor proteins like p27, p53, and RB1. Apart from the TSP cargo transport and its role in drug resistance, XPO1 inhibition results in retention of master transcription factors essential for cell differentiation, cell survival, and autophagy, rendering cells more susceptible to the effects of other antineoplastic agents, including targeted therapies. This review will dissect the role of XPO1 inhibition in hematological neoplasms, focusing on mechanistic insights gleaned mainly from work with SINE compounds. Future potential combinatorial strategies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Maciejewski
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Efficient and regulated nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of macromolecules to the correct subcellular compartment is critical for proper functions of the eukaryotic cell. The majority of the macromolecular traffic across the nuclear pores is mediated by the Karyopherin-β (or Kap) family of nuclear transport receptors. Work over more than two decades has shed considerable light on how the different Kap family members bring their respective cargoes into the nucleus or the cytoplasm in efficient and highly regulated manners. In this Review, we overview the main features and established functions of Kap family members, describe how Kaps recognize their cargoes and discuss the different ways in which these Kap-cargo interactions can be regulated, highlighting new findings and open questions. We also describe current knowledge of the import and export of the components of three large gene expression machines - the core replisome, RNA polymerase II and the ribosome - pointing out the questions that persist about how such large macromolecular complexes are trafficked to serve their function in a designated subcellular location.
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Abstract
Rapid advances in large-scale next-generation sequencing studies of human samples have progressively defined the highly heterogeneous genetic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). At the same time, the numerous challenges posed by the difficulties in rapid manipulation of primary B cells and the paucity of CLL cell lines have limited the ability to interrogate the function of the discovered putative disease "drivers," defined in human sequencing studies through statistical inference. Mouse models represent a powerful tool to study mechanisms of normal and malignant B-cell biology and for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics. Advances in genetic engineering technologies, including the introduction of conditional knockin/knockout strategies, have opened new opportunities to model genetic lesions in a B-cell-restricted context. These new studies build on the experience of generating the MDR mice, the first example of a genetically faithful CLL model, which recapitulates the most common genomic aberration of human CLL: del(13q). In this review, we describe the application of mouse models to the studies of CLL pathogenesis and disease transformation from an indolent to a high-grade malignancy (ie, Richter syndrome [RS]) and treatment, with a focus on newly developed genetically inspired mouse lines modeling recurrent CLL genetic events. We discuss how these novel mouse models, analyzed using new genomic technologies, allow the dissection of mechanisms of disease evolution and response to therapy with greater depth than previously possible and provide important insight into human CLL and RS pathogenesis and therapeutic vulnerabilities. These models thereby provide valuable platforms for functional genomic analyses and treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ten Hacken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; and
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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25
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Galinski B, Alexander TB, Mitchell DA, Chatwin HV, Awah C, Green AL, Weiser DA. Therapeutic Targeting of Exportin-1 in Childhood Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6161. [PMID: 34944778 PMCID: PMC8699059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Exportin-1 (XPO1), a key regulator of nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport, is associated with inferior patient outcomes across a range of adult malignancies. Targeting XPO1 with selinexor has demonstrated promising results in clinical trials, leading to FDA approval of its use for multiple relapsed/refractory cancers. However, XPO1 biology and selinexor sensitivity in childhood cancer is only recently being explored. In this review, we will focus on the differential biology of childhood and adult cancers as it relates to XPO1 and key cargo proteins. We will further explore the current state of pre-clinical and clinical development of XPO1 inhibitors in childhood cancers. Finally, we will outline potentially promising future therapeutic strategies for, as well as potential challenges to, integrating XPO1 inhibition to improve outcomes for children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basia Galinski
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.G.); (D.A.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Thomas B. Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Daniel A. Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.G.); (D.A.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Hannah V. Chatwin
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Chidiebere Awah
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.G.); (D.A.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Adam L. Green
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Daniel A. Weiser
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (B.G.); (D.A.M.); (C.A.)
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Nagasaka M, Asad MFB, Al Hallak MN, Uddin MH, Sukari A, Baca Y, Xiu J, Magee D, Mamdani H, Uprety D, Kim C, Xia B, Liu SV, Nieva JJ, Lopes G, Bepler G, Borghaei H, Demeure MJ, Raez LE, Ma PC, Puri S, Korn WM, Azmi AS. Impact of XPO1 mutations on survival outcomes in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2021; 160:92-98. [PMID: 34482103 PMCID: PMC8853639 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear protein transport is essential in guiding the traffic of important proteins and RNAs between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Export of proteins from the nucleus is mostly regulated by Exportin 1 (XPO1). In cancer, XPO1 is almost universally hyperactive and can promote the export of important tumor suppressors to the cytoplasm. Currently, there are no studies evaluating XPO1 amplifications and mutations in NSCLC and the impact on outcomes. METHODS Tumor samples were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) (NextSeq, 592 Genes), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS, NovaSeq) (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). Survival was extracted from insurance claims data and calculated from time of tissue collection to last contact using Kaplan-Meier estimate. RESULTS Among 18,218 NSCLC tumors sequenced, 26 harbored XPO1 mutations and 24 had amplifications. XPO1 mutant tumors were more likely to have high TMB (79% vs. 52%, p = 0.007) and less likely to have high PD-L1 (32% vs. 68%, p = 0.03). KRAS co-mutations were seen in 19% (n = 5) and EGFR co-mutations were rare (n = 2). Among the 17,449 NSCLC tumors with clinical data, there were 24 XPO1 mutant. Comparison of survival between XPO1 mutant and WT showed a negative association with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.932 (95% CI: 1.144-3.264 p = 0.012). XPO1 amplification was not associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS XPO1 pathogenic mutations were associated with a poor survival in NSCLC. Although XPO1 mutations are rare in NSCLC, further studies to assess its associations with treatment responses are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nagasaka
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Mohammad Fahad B Asad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed Najeeb Al Hallak
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Md Hafiz Uddin
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ammar Sukari
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Dan Magee
- Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hirva Mamdani
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dipesh Uprety
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chul Kim
- Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bing Xia
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jorge J Nieva
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gilberto Lopes
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gerold Bepler
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Michael J Demeure
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA; Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Luis E Raez
- Memorial Cancer Institute/Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patrick C Ma
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sonam Puri
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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