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Altafim ERP, Magalhães C, Linhares MBM. Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Integrative Review of Findings From an Evidence-Based Parenting Program. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1938-1953. [PMID: 37753719 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231201811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This integrative review of the ACT Raising Safe Kids (ACT)-child maltreatment prevention program for parents-focuses on the program's theoretical framework, examines the ACT studies about the effects on caregivers, and discusses the ACT's implications for the practice and public policy. A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Lilacs databases was performed, along with a search on the ACT Program website and contacting program researchers. Twenty-five studies evaluating the ACT Program were reviewed. The evaluation studies were conducted in the United States, Brazil, Portugal, and Peru. The program improved parenting practices in general and targeted populations such as incarcerated parents, mothers with a history of childhood violence, and mothers of preterm children. Additionally, the program was effective in decreasing child behavioral problems. Overall, the ACT Program effectively decreased hostile, aggressive, and coercive parenting and child behavior problems, which are key predictors of family violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cátia Magalhães
- Polytechnic University Institute of Viseu, CI&DEI, ISAMB, Portugal
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Murray J, Leão OADA, Flores TR, Demarco FF, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Oliveira IO, Arteche A, Blumenberg C, Bertoldi AD, Domingues MR, Silveira MF, Hallal PC. Cohort Profile Update: 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study-follow-ups from 2 to 6-7 years, with COVID-19 impact assessment. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae048. [PMID: 38609323 PMCID: PMC11014790 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Otavio Amaral de Andrade Leão
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Thaynã Ramos Flores
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Isabel O Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Adriane Arteche
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cauane Blumenberg
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Causale Consultoria, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Pedro Curi Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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Pickles A, Edwards D, Horvath L, Emsley R. Research Reviews: Advances in methods for evaluating child and adolescent mental health interventions. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1765-1775. [PMID: 37793673 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKROUND The evidence base for interventions for child mental health and neurodevelopment is weak and the current capacity for rigorous evaluation limited. We describe some of the challenges that make this field particularly difficult and expensive for evaluation studies. METHODS We describe and review the use of novel study designs and analysis methodology for their potential to improve this situation. RESULTS While several novel designs appeared ill-suited to our field, systematic review found others that offered potential but had yet to be widely adopted, some not at all. CONCLUSIONS While funding is inevitably a constraint, we argue that improvements in the evidence base of both current and new treatments will only be achieved by the adoption of a number of these new technologies and study designs, the consistent application of rigorous constructive but demanding standards, and the engagement of the public, patients, clinical and research services to build a design, recruitment, and analysis infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pickles
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle Edwards
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Levente Horvath
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
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Coll CVN, Barros AJD, Stein A, Devries K, Buffarini R, Murray L, Arteche A, Munhoz TN, Silveira MF, Murray J. Intimate partner violence victimisation and its association with maternal parenting (the 2015 Pelotas [Brazil] Birth Cohort): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e1393-e1401. [PMID: 37591586 PMCID: PMC10447221 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent in low-income and middle-income countries and has been a major obstacle towards reaching global health targets for women and children. We aimed to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between IPV victimisation and maternal parenting practices of young children in a population-based birth cohort study in Brazil. METHODS The 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort is an ongoing, prospective cohort, including all hospital births occurring between Jan 1 and Dec 31, 2015, in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. When children were aged 4 years, mothers reported on emotional, physical, and sexual IPV victimisation in the past 12 months. Parenting outcomes were assessed through filming the mother and child in interactive tasks at age 4 years and maternal interviews at ages 4 years and 6-7 years. Interactive tasks were filmed at the Centre for Epidemiological Research facilities. Directly observed outcomes included negative (eg, coercive) and positive (eg, sensitivity and reciprocity) parenting interactions independently coded by a team of psychologists. Self-reported parenting was measured using the subscales on quality of parent-child relationship, positive encouragement, parental consistency, and coercive behaviour of the Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales questionnaire. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations. FINDINGS Of the 4275 livebirths enrolled in the cohort, 3730 mother-child dyads were included in our analytical sample at age 4 years and 3292 at age 6-7 years. After adjusting for all potential confounders, emotional IPV and physical or sexual IPV were associated with the following self-reported parenting outcomes: poor parent-child relationship quality (emotional IPV: p=0·011), lower parental consistency (emotional IPV: p<0·001, physical or sexual IPV: p=0·0053), and more coercive behaviour (emotional IPV: p<0·001, physical or sexual IPV: p=0·0071) at age 4 years. Associations were not observed for self-reported positive encouragement and filmed parenting outcomes in fully adjusted models. Longitudinally, IPV at age 4 years predicted similar outcomes when children were aged 6-7 years. INTERPRETATION In this large cohort study, maternal IPV victimisation was consistently associated with poorer parent-child relationship, decreased parental consistency, and increased harsh parenting reported by mothers of young children. As well as initiatives to prevent IPV, parenting interventions focused on supporting the capacity of caregivers to provide nurturing care delivered at key stages early in the life course are crucial. FUNDING Wellcome Trust. TRANSLATION For the Portuguese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina V N Coll
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Aluisio J D Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen Devries
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Romina Buffarini
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Lynne Murray
- Department of Global Health and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Adriane Arteche
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago N Munhoz
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; School of Psychology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mariângela F Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
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Degli Esposti M, Coll CVN, da Silva EV, Borges D, Rojido E, Gomes Dos Santos A, Cano I, Murray J. Effects of the Pelotas (Brazil) Peace Pact on violence and crime: a synthetic control analysis. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 19:100447. [PMID: 36874166 PMCID: PMC9982028 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Background City-led interventions are increasingly advocated to achieve the UN's Sustainable Development Goal to reduce violence for all. We used a new quantitative evaluation method to examine whether a flagship programme, called the "Pelotas Pact for Peace" (the Pacto), has been effective in reducing violence and crime in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. Methods We used synthetic control methodology to assess the effects of the Pacto from August 2017 to December 2021, and separately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcomes included monthly rates of homicide and property crime, and yearly rates of assault against women and school drop-out. We constructed synthetic controls (counterfactuals) based on weighted averages from a donor pool of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul. Weights were identified using pre-intervention outcome trends and confounders (sociodemographics, economics, education, health and development, and drug trafficking). Findings The Pacto led to an overall 9% reduction in homicide and 7% reduction in robbery in Pelotas. These effects were not uniform across the full post-intervention period as clear effects were only seen during the pandemic period. A 38% reduction in homicide was also specifically associated with the criminal justice strategy of Focussed Deterrence. No significant effects were found for non-violent property crimes, violence against women, and school dropout, irrespective of the post-intervention period. Interpretation City-level interventions that combine public health and criminal justice approaches could be effective in tackling violence in Brazil. Continued monitoring and evaluation efforts are increasingly needed as cities are proposed as key opportunities for reducing violence for all. Funding This research was funded by the Wellcome Trust [grant number: 210735_Z_18_Z].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Degli Esposti
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina V N Coll
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Viegas da Silva
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Doriam Borges
- Laboratório de Análise da Violência, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Rojido
- Laboratório de Análise da Violência, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ignacio Cano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, Universidad Autónoma de México, City of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Joseph Murray
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Lansford JE, Betancourt TS, Boller K, Popp J, Altafim ERP, Attanasio O, Raghavan C. The Future of Parenting Programs: II Implementation. PARENTING, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022; 22:235-257. [PMID: 36439707 PMCID: PMC9683038 DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2022.2086807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Lansford
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Box 90545, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Baumann A, Vázquez A, Macchione A, Lima A, Coelho A, Juras M, Ribeiro M, Kohlsdorf M, Carothers B. Translation and validation of the evidence-based practice attitude scale (EBPAS-15) to Brazilian Portuguese: Examining providers' perspective about evidence-based parent intervention. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2022; 136:106421. [PMID: 35431379 PMCID: PMC9012479 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few existing evidence-based parent interventions (EBPIs) for prevention and treatment of child and youth mental health disorders are implemented in low-middle-income countries. This study aimed to translate and confirm the factor structure of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS-15) survey in Brazilian Portuguese with the goal of examining providers' perspective about EBPIs. METHODS We translated and back translated the EBPAS-15 from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Participants were recruited via snowball sampling and data were collected using an online survey from July of 2018 through January of 2020. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine if the scale retained its original structure. Open-ended questions about providers' perspectives of their own clinical practice were coded using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Analyses included data from 362 clinicians (318 women, 41 men) from 20 of the 27 states of Brazil. Participants on average were 26.7 years old, held specialist degrees in the field of psychology, actively worked as therapists, and practiced in private clinics. RESULTS The translation of the EBPAS to Brazilian Portuguese retained the same four-factor structure as the English version except for dropping one item from the Divergence domain. When asked about the challenges in their practices, providers generally referred to parents as clients with little skills to discipline their children and lacking knowledge about child development. DISCUSSION The Brazilian version of the EBPAS-15 is promising, but future research should consider using quantitative data alongside qualitative information to better understand providers' attitudes about evidence-based interventions to inform implementation efforts. TRIAL REGISTRATION N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.A. Baumann
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - A.C. Macchione
- Centro Paradigma de Ciências do Comportamento, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. Lima
- Sam Houston State University, TX, USA
| | - A.F. Coelho
- Universidade de Brasilia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - M. Juras
- Florida Gulf Coast University, USA
| | - M. Ribeiro
- Aiutare Instituto de Psicologia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - M. Kohlsdorf
- Centro Universitario UniCEUB, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - B.J. Carothers
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Harsh parenting and child conduct and emotional problems: parent- and child-effects in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1-11. [PMID: 33738622 PMCID: PMC9343272 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In high-income countries, links between harsh and abusive parenting and child conduct and emotional problems are well-documented. However, less is known about these relationships in low- and middle-income countries, where harsh parenting may be more widely accepted and higher rates of conduct or emotional problems may exist which could influence the strength of these associations. We sought to investigate these relationships in a large population-based, prospective longitudinal study from Brazil, which also allowed us to test for sex differences. Using data from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study (N = 4231) at ages 6 and 11 years, we applied cross-lagged path analysis to examine the relationships between harsh parenting (Conflict Tactics Scale Parent-Child version), and child conduct and emotional problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). We found reciprocal relationships between harsh parenting and child conduct problems, with harsh parenting at age 6 predicting child conduct problems at age 11, and vice versa, even after adjusting for initial levels of conduct problems and harsh parenting, respectively. For child emotional problems, only unidirectional effects were found, with harsh parenting at age 6 predicting child emotional problems at age 11, after adjusting for initial levels of emotional problems, but not vice versa. No significant sex differences were observed in these relationships. These observations based on a middle-income country birth cohort highlight the potential universality of detrimental effects of harsh parenting on child conduct and emotional problems and affirm the importance of addressing parent- and child-effects in preventive and treatment interventions, especially those targeting conduct problems.
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Impacto de um programa de competências parentais no stress e competências de atenção plena. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2020. [DOI: 10.37689/acta-ape/2020ae02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Martins RC, Machado AKF, Shenderovich Y, Soares TB, da Cruz SH, Altafim ERP, Linhares MBM, Barros F, Santos IS, Murray J. Parental attendance in two early-childhood training programmes to improve nurturing care: A randomized controlled trial. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 118:105418. [PMID: 33162629 PMCID: PMC7607382 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parent training programmes have significant potential to improve the quality of children's early environments and thereby their development and life-course outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify and explain the extent to which parents engaged in two group-based training programmes, offered to high-risk families enrolled in a randomized controlled trial study called PIÁ in Southern Brazil. The programmes were: (1) ACT: Raising Safe Kids, a 9-week programme aiming to reduce harsh parenting and maltreatment and improve positive parenting practices; (2) Dialogic book-sharing (DBS), an 8-week programme aiming to promote parental sensitivity and improve child cognitive development and social understanding. Of the 123 mothers randomly allocated to the ACT programme, 64.2% (n = 79) completed the course, and of 124 mothers allocated to DBS, 76.6% (n = 95) completed the course. After the interventions, mothers were very positive about the experience of both programmes but highlighted practical difficulties in attending. In adjusted regression analyses, only two variables significantly predicted ACT course completion (maternal age and distance between the intervention site and household); no significant predictor was found for DBS attendance. We conclude that although high completion rates are possible, there are important challenges to engaging parents of young children in training programmes, and practical difficulties occurring during training courses may be more important for attendance than baseline participant characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Costa Martins
- Post-graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Yulia Shenderovich
- Centre for Evidence-Based Social Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom
| | | | - Suélen Henriques da Cruz
- Post-graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Barros
- Post-graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Iná S. Santos
- Post-graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Joseph Murray
- Post-graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
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