1
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Li Q, Wang X, Teng Y, Yu X, Zhao Y. Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a regulator of astaxanthin production in Haematococcus lacustris under salinity: Exploring physiology, signaling, autophagy, and multi-omics landscape. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131466. [PMID: 39260731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Haematococcus lacustris-derived natural astaxanthin has significant commercial value, but stressful conditions alone impair cell growth and reduce the total productivity of astaxanthin in industrial settings. This study used gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to increase biomass, astaxanthin productivity, and tolerance to salinity. GABA under NaCl stress enhanced the biomass to 1.76 g/L, astaxanthin content to 30.37 mg g-1, and productivity to 4.10 mg/L d-1, outperforming the control. Further analysis showed GABA enhanced nitrogen assimilation, Ca2+ level, and cellular GABA content, boosting substrate synthesis, energy metabolism, osmoregulation, autophagy, and antioxidant defenses. GABA also activated signaling pathways involving phytohormones, cAMP, cGMP, and MAPK, aiding astaxanthin synthesis. The application of biomarkers (ethylene, salicylic acid, trans-zeatin) and an autophagy inhibitor cooperated with GABA to further enhance the total astaxanthin productivity under NaCl stress. Combining GABA with 25 μM salicylic acid maximized astaxanthin yield at 4.79 mg/L d-1, offering new strategies for industrial astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yajun Teng
- Kunming Customs Technology Center, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering & Technological Research Center, College of Agronomy and Life Science, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
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2
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Acheampong A, Li L, Elsherbiny SM, Wu Y, Swallah MS, Bondzie-Quaye P, Huang Q. A crosswalk on the genetic and conventional strategies for enhancing astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:1018-1039. [PMID: 37778751 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2240009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring xanthophyll with powerful: antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial properties that are widely employed in food, feed, medicinal and nutraceutical industries. Currently, chemical synthesis dominates the world's astaxanthin market, but the increasing demand for natural products is shifting the market for natural astaxanthin. Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) is the factory source of natural astaxanthin when grown in optimal conditions. Currently, various strategies for the production of astaxanthin have been proposed or are being developed in order to meet its market demand. This up-to-date review scrutinized the current approaches or strategies that aim to increase astaxanthin yield from H. pluvialis. We have emphasized the genetic and environmental parameters that increase astaxanthin yield. We also looked at the transcriptomic dynamics caused by environmental factors (phytohormones induction, light, salt, temperature, and nutrient starvation) on astaxanthin synthesizing genes and other metabolic changes. Genetic engineering and culture optimization (environmental factors) are effective approaches to producing more astaxanthin for commercial purposes. Genetic engineering, in particular, is accurate, specific, potent, and safer than conventional random mutagenesis approaches. New technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9 coupled with omics and emerging computational tools, may be the principal strategies in the future to attain strains that can produce more astaxanthin. This review provides accessible data on the strategies to increase astaxanthin accumulation natively. Also, this review can be a starting point for new scholars interested in H. pluvialis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Acheampong
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lamei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shereen M Elsherbiny
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yahui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mohammed Sharif Swallah
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Precious Bondzie-Quaye
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Iron Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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3
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Kayani SI, -Rahman SU, Shen Q, Cui Y, Liu W, Hu X, Zhu F, Huo S. Molecular approaches to enhance astaxanthin biosynthesis; future outlook: engineering of transcription factors in Haematococcus pluvialis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:514-529. [PMID: 37380353 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2208284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are the preferred species for producing astaxanthin because they pose a low toxicity risk than chemical synthesis. Astaxanthin has multiple health benefits and is being used in: medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. Haematococcus pluvialis is a model microalga for astaxanthin biosynthesis; however, its natural astaxanthin content is low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to improve the biosynthesis of astaxanthin to meet industrial demands, making its commercialization cost-effective. Several strategies related to cultivation conditions are employed to enhance the biosynthesis of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis. However, the mechanism of its regulation by transcription factors is unknown. For the first time, this study critically reviewed the studies on identifying transcription factors, progress in H. pluvialis genetic transformation, and use of phytohormones that increase the gene expression related to astaxanthin biosynthesis. In addition, we propose future approaches, including (i) Cloning and characterization of transcription factors, (ii) Transcriptional engineering through overexpression of positive regulators or downregulation/silencing of negative regulators, (iii) Gene editing for enrichment or deletion of transcription factors binding sites, (iv) Hormonal modulation of transcription factors. This review provides considerable knowledge about the molecular regulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis and the existing research gap. Besides, it provides the basis for transcription factors mediated metabolic engineering of astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf-Ilyas Kayani
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saeed-Ur -Rahman
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xinjuan Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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4
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Luo C, Chen C, Xian X, Cai WF, Yu X, Ye C. The secondary outbreak risk and mechanisms of Microcystis aeruginosa after H 2O 2 treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134196. [PMID: 38603907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The secondary outbreak of cyanobacteria after algicide treatment has been a serious problem to water ecosystems. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an algaecide widely used in practice, but similar re-bloom problems are inevitably encountered. Our work found that Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) temporarily hibernates after H2O2 treatment, but there is still a risk of secondary outbreaks. Interestingly, the dormant period was as long as 20 and 28 days in 5 mg L-1 and 20 mg L-1 H2O2 treatment groups, respectively, but the photosynthetic activity was both restored much earlier (within 14 days). Subsequently, a quantitative imaging flow cytometry-based method was constructed and confirmed that the re-bloom had undergone two stages including first recovery and then re-division. The expression of ftsZ and fabZ genes showed that M. aeruginosa had active transcription processes related to cell division protein and fatty acid synthesis during the dormancy stat. Furthermore, metabolomics suggested that the recovery of M. aeruginosa was mainly by activating folate and salicylic acid synthesis pathways, which promoted environmental stress resistance, DNA synthesis, and cell membrane repair. This study reported the comprehensive mechanisms of secondary outbreak of M. aeruginosa after H2O2 treatment. The findings suggest that optimizing the dosage and frequency of H2O2, as well as exploring the potential use of salicylic acid and folic acid inhibitors, could be promising directions for future algal control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chenlan Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xuanxuan Xian
- Ecological &Environment Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Wei-Feng Cai
- Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361103. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Chengsong Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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5
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Hu Q, Hu Z, Yan X, Lu J, Wang C. Extracellular vesicles involved in growth regulation and metabolic modulation in Haematococcus pluvialis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:15. [PMID: 38282041 PMCID: PMC10823724 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which transfer their cargos to the extracellular environment to affect recipient cells, play important roles in microalgal growth and environmental adaptation. And, they are also considered as sustainable and renewable bioresources of delivery nanocarrier for bioactive molecules and/or artificial drug molecules. However, their molecular composition and functions remain poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, isolation, characterization, and functional verification of Haematococcus pluvialis-derived EVs (HpEVs) were performed. The results indicated that HpEVs with typical EV morphology and size were secreted by H. pluvialis cells during the whole period of growth and accumulated in the culture medium. Cellular uptake of HpEVs by H. pluvialis was confirmed, and their roles in regulation of growth and various physiological processes of the recipient cells were also characterized. The short-term inhibition of HpEV secretion results in the accumulation of functional cellular components of HpEVs, thereby altering the biological response of these cells at the molecular level. Meanwhile, continuously inhibiting the secretion of HpEVs negatively influenced growth, and fatty acid and astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis. Small RNA high-throughput sequencing was further performed to determine the miRNA cargoes and compelling details in HpEVs in depth. Comparative analysis revealed commonalities and differences in miRNA species and expression levels in three stages of HpEVs. A total of 163 mature miRNAs were identified with a few unique miRNAs reveal the highest expression levels, and miRNA expression profile of the HpEVs exhibited a clear stage-specific pattern. Moreover, a total of 12 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and their target genes were classified to cell cycle control, lipid transport and metabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis and so on. CONCLUSION It was therefore proposed that cargos of HpEVs, including miRNA constituents, were suggested potential roles in modulate cell physiological state of H. pluvialis. To summarize, this work uncovers the intercellular communication and metabolism regulation functions of HpEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunju Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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6
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Cao K, Cui Y, Sun F, Zhang H, Fan J, Ge B, Cao Y, Wang X, Zhu X, Wei Z, Yao Q, Ma J, Wang Y, Meng C, Gao Z. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies for producing high-value natural pigments in Microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108236. [PMID: 37586543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are microorganisms capable of producing bioactive compounds using photosynthesis. Microalgae contain a variety of high value-added natural pigments such as carotenoids, phycobilins, and chlorophylls. These pigments play an important role in many areas such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Natural pigments have a health value that is unmatched by synthetic pigments. However, the current commercial production of natural pigments from microalgae is not able to meet the growing market demand. The use of metabolic engineering and synthetic biological strategies to improve the production performance of microalgal cell factories is essential to promote the large-scale production of high-value pigments from microalgae. This paper reviews the health and economic values, the applications, and the synthesis pathways of microalgal pigments. Overall, this review aims to highlight the latest research progress in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology in constructing engineered strains of microalgae with high-value pigments and the application of CRISPR technology and multi-omics in this context. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on the bottlenecks and challenges of microalgal pigment production and their future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; School of Life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yulin Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fengjie Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yujiao Cao
- School of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255090, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; School of Life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Zuoxi Wei
- School of Life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qingshou Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jinju Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Chunxiao Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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7
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Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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Bian C, Liu C, Zhang G, Tao M, Huang D, Wang C, Lou S, Li H, Shi Q, Hu Z. A chromosome-level genome assembly for the astaxanthin-producing microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Sci Data 2023; 10:511. [PMID: 37537173 PMCID: PMC10400597 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis can synthesize high amounts of astaxanthin, which is a valuable antioxidant that has been utilized in human health, cosmetics, and aquaculture. To illustrate detailed molecular clues to astaxanthin yield, we performed PacBio HIFI along with Hi-C sequencing to construct an improved chromosome-level haplotypic genome assembly with 32 chromosomes and a genome size of 316.0 Mb. Its scaffold N50 (942.6 kb) and contig N50 (304.8 kb) have been upgraded remarkably from our previous genome draft, and a total of 32,416 protein-coding genes were predicted. We also established a high-evidence phylogenetic tree from seven representative algae species, with the main aim to calculate their divergence times and identify expanded/contracted gene families. We also characterized genome-wide localizations on chromosomes of some important genes such as five BKTs (encoding beta-carotene ketolases) that are putatively involved in astaxanthin production. In summary, we reported the first chromosome-scale map of H. pluvialis, which provides a valuable genetic resource for in-depth biomedical investigations on this momentous green alga and commercial astaxanthin bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI marine, Shenzhen, 518081, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI marine, Shenzhen, 518081, China
| | - Guiying Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Archaeology and Museology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Ming Tao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Danqiong Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sulin Lou
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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9
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Quintas-Nunes F, Brandão PR, Barreto Crespo MT, Glick BR, Nascimento FX. Plant Growth Promotion, Phytohormone Production and Genomics of the Rhizosphere-Associated Microalga, Micractinium rhizosphaerae sp. nov. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:651. [PMID: 36771735 PMCID: PMC9922002 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are important members of the soil and plant microbiomes, playing key roles in the maintenance of soil and plant health as well as in the promotion of plant growth. However, not much is understood regarding the potential of different microalgae strains in augmenting plant growth, or the mechanisms involved in such activities. In this work, the functional and genomic characterization of strain NFX-FRZ, a eukaryotic microalga belonging to the Micractinium genus that was isolated from the rhizosphere of a plant growing in a natural environment in Portugal, is presented and analyzed. The results obtained demonstrate that strain NFX-FRZ (i) belongs to a novel species, termed Micractinium rhizosphaerae sp. nov.; (ii) can effectively bind to tomato plant tissues and promote its growth; (iii) can synthesize a wide range of plant growth-promoting compounds, including phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid; and (iv) contains multiple genes involved in phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling. This study provides new insights regarding the relevance of eukaryotic microalgae as plant growth-promoting agents and helps to build a foundation for future studies regarding the origin and evolution of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, as well as other plant colonization and plant growth-promoting mechanisms in soil/plant-associated Micractinium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Quintas-Nunes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro R. Brandão
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria T. Barreto Crespo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Francisco X. Nascimento
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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10
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Joun J, Sirohi R, Sim SJ. The effects of acetate and glucose on carbon fixation and carbon utilization in mixotrophy of Haematococcus pluvialis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128218. [PMID: 36332870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The culture method using sodium acetate and glucose, widely used as organic carbon sources in the mixotrophy of Haematococcus pluvialis, was compared with its autotrophy. In the 12-day culture, mixotrophy using sodium acetate and glucose increased by 40.4% and 77.1%, respectively, compared to autotrophy, but the mechanisms for the increasing biomass were different. The analysis of the mechanism was divided into autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism. The mixotrophy with glucose increased the biomass by directly supplying the substrate and ATP to the TCA cycle while inhibiting photosynthesis. Gene expressions related to glycolysis and carbon fixation pathway were confirmed in autotrophy and mixotrophy with glucose and acetate. The metabolism predicted in the mixotrophy with acetate and glucose was proposed via autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism analysis. The mechanism of Haematococcus pluvialis under mixotrophic conditions with high CO2 concentration was confirmed through this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Joun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Yu C, Wang HP, Yu X. The associative induction of succinic acid and hydrogen sulfide for high-producing biomass, astaxanthin and lipids in Haematococcus pluvialis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127397. [PMID: 35636672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To obtain higher yield of natural astaxanthin, the present study aims to develop a viable and economic induction strategy for astaxanthin production comprising succinic acid (SA) combined with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). The biomass (1.33 g L-1), astaxanthin concentration (44.96 mg L-1), astaxanthin content (163.55 pg cell-1), and lipid content (55.34%) were achieved under 1.0 mM SA and 100 μM NaHS treatment. These results were concomitant with enhanced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) but diminished reactive oxide species (ROS). Further study discovered that endogenous H2S could improve astaxanthin and lipid coproduction under SA induction by mediating related gene transcript levels and ROS signalling. Additionally, the concentrations of biomass and astaxanthin increased to 2.14 g L-1 and 66.25 mg L-1, respectively, under the induction of SA and NaHS in a scaled-up bioreactor. Briefly, the work proposed a novel feasible strategy for high yields of biomass and astaxanthin by H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650228, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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12
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Accumulation of Astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis Treated with White and Blue Lights as well as Salicylic Acid. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4827595. [PMID: 35903581 PMCID: PMC9315456 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4827595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is the most commercially valuable microalga for the production of natural astaxanthin, showing enhanced production of astaxanthin with the treatments of high-intensity light and hormones. The molecular mechanisms regulating the biosynthesis of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis treated with white light, blue light, and blue light with salicylic acid (SA) were investigated based on the transcriptome analysis. Results showed that the combined treatment with both blue light and SA generated the highest production of astaxanthin. A total of 109,443 unigenes were identified to show that the genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and the astaxanthin biosynthesis were significantly upregulated to increase the production of the substrates for the synthesis of astaxanthin, i.e., pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate generated in the TCA cycle and PPP, respectively. Results of transcriptome analysis were further verified by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, showing that the highest content of astaxanthin was obtained with the expression of the bkt gene significantly increased. Our study provided the novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating the synthesis of astaxanthin and an innovative strategy combining the exogenous hormone and physical stress to increase the commercial production of astaxanthin by H. pluvialis.
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13
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Basiony M, Ouyang L, Wang D, Yu J, Zhou L, Zhu M, Wang X, Feng J, Dai J, Shen Y, Zhang C, Hua Q, Yang X, Zhang L. Optimization of microbial cell factories for astaxanthin production: Biosynthesis and regulations, engineering strategies and fermentation optimization strategies. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:689-704. [PMID: 35261927 PMCID: PMC8866108 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The global market demand for natural astaxanthin is rapidly increasing owing to its safety, the potential health benefits, and the diverse applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The major native producers of natural astaxanthin on industrial scale are the alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the yeast Xanthopyllomyces dendrorhous. However, the natural production via these native producers is facing challenges of limited yield and high cost of cultivation and extraction. Alternatively, astaxanthin production via metabolically engineered non-native microbial cell factories such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica is another promising strategy to overcome these limitations. In this review we summarize the recent scientific and biotechnological progresses on astaxanthin biosynthetic pathways, transcriptional regulations, the interrelation with lipid metabolism, engineering strategies as well as fermentation process control in major native and non-native astaxanthin producers. These progresses illuminate the prospects of producing astaxanthin by microbial cell factories on industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Basiony
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Danni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiaming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mohan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yijie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chengguo Zhang
- Shandong Jincheng Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 117 Qixing River Road, Zibo, 255130, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiuliang Yang
- Shandong Jincheng Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 117 Qixing River Road, Zibo, 255130, Shandong, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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14
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Huang D, Liu W, Hu Q, Li H, Wang C. The Histone Acetyltransferase HpGCN5 Involved in the Regulation of Abiotic Stress Responses and Astaxanthin Accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:903764. [PMID: 35668806 PMCID: PMC9163953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.903764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferases (HATs), together with histone deacetylases, regulate the gene transcription related to various biological processes, including stress responses in eukaryotes. This study found a member of HATs (HpGCN5) from a transcriptome of the economically important microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis. Its expression pattern responding to multiple abiotic stresses and its correlation with transcription factors and genes involved in triacylglycerols and astaxanthin biosynthesis under stress conditions were evaluated, aiming to discover its potential biological function. The isolated HpGCN5 was 1,712 bp in length encoding 415 amino acids. The signature domains of Acetyltransf_1 and BROMO were presented, as the GCN5 gene from Arabidopsis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, confirming that HpGCN5 belongs to the GCN5 subfamily of the GNAT superfamily. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that HpGCN5 is grouped with GNAT genes from algae and is closer to that from higher plants, compared with yeast, animal, fungus, and bacteria. It was predicted that HpGCN5 is composed of 10 exons and contains multiple stress-related cis-elements in the promoter region, revealing its potential role in stress regulation. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that HpGCN5 responds to high light and high salt stresses in similar behavior, evidenced by their down-regulation exposing to stresses. Differently, HpGCN5 expression was significantly induced by SA and Nitrogen-depletion stresses at the early stage but was dropped back after then. The correlation network analysis suggested that HpGCN5 has a strong correlation with major genes and a transcription factor involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis. Besides, the correlation was only found between HpGCN5 and a few genes involved in triacylglycerols biosynthesis. Therefore, this study proposed that HpGCN5 might play a role in the regulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis. This study firstly examined the role of HATs in stress regulation and results will enrich our understanding of the role of HATs in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqiong Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenfu Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qunju Hu
- Marine Resources Big Data Center of South China Sea, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Yakimovich KM, Quarmby LM. A metagenomic study of the bacteria in snow algae microbiomes. Can J Microbiol 2022; 68:507-520. [PMID: 35512372 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial communities found in snow algae blooms have been described in terms of their 16S rRNA gene community profiles, but little information exists on their metabolic potential. Previously, we reported that several bacterial taxa are common across snow algae blooms in the southwestern mountains of the Coast Range in British Columbia, Canada. Here, we further this work by reporting a partial bacterial metagenome from the same snow algal microbiomes. Using shotgun metagenomic data, we constructed metagenomically assembled bacterial genomes (MAGs). Of the total 54 binned MAGs, 28 were bacterial and estimated to be at least 50% complete based on single copy core genes. The 28 MAGs fell into five Classes: Actinomycetia, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. All MAGs were assigned to a class, 27 to an order, 25 to family, 18 to genus, and none to species. MAGs showed the potential to support algal growth by synthesizing B-vitamins and growth hormones. There was also widespread adaptation to the low oxygen environment of biofilms, including synthesis of high-affinity terminal oxidases and anaerobic pathways for cobalamin synthesis. Also notable, was the absence of N2 fixation, and the presence of incomplete denitrification pathways suggestive of NO signalling within the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Michael Yakimovich
- Simon Fraser University, 1763, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Lynne M Quarmby
- Simon Fraser University, 1763, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, Canada;
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16
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Zhou X, Zheng T, Xie Y, Zou S, Xu S, Lai M, Zuo Z. Astaxanthin accumulation in Microcystis aeruginosa under different light quality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126629. [PMID: 34974094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to uncover the astaxanthin biosynthesis mechanism in Microcystis aeruginosa under optimum light quality, and promote astaxanthin production using this alga. Among purple, blue and red light, only purple light promoted M. aeruginosa cell growth compared with white light, due to up-regulating expression of the genes related with DNA replication. An increase was detected in the photosynthetic rate under purple light, which should be caused by the raised carotenoid content and up-regulation of the genes associated with light reaction and carbon fixation. Compared with white light, purple light increased the levels of β-carotene, zeaxanthin and astaxanthin by up-regulating expression of the genes related with methylerythritol-4-phosphate pathway (MEP) and astaxanthin biosynthesis. For red and blue light, they did not impact or declined the content of astaxanthin and its precursors. Therefore, purple light promoted M. aeruginosa cell growth and astaxanthin production by up-regulating related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tiefeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yike Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shuzhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Sun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Meng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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17
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Wang X, Meng C, Zhang H, Xing W, Cao K, Zhu B, Zhang C, Sun F, Gao Z. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Characterizations of the Molecular Response to Blue Light and Salicylic Acid in Haematococcus pluvialis. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010001. [PMID: 35049856 PMCID: PMC8780009 DOI: 10.3390/md20010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates a large amount of astaxanthin under various stresses, e.g., blue light and salicylic acid (SA). However, the metabolic response of H. pluvialis to blue light and SA is still unclear. We investigate the effects of blue light and SA on the metabolic response in H. pluvialis using both transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing analyses. The largest numbers of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs; 324) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 13,555) were identified on day 2 and day 7 of the treatment with blue light irradiation (150 μmol photons m−2s−1), respectively. With the addition of SA (2.5 mg/L), a total of 63 DEPs and 11,638 DEGs were revealed on day 2 and day 7, respectively. We further analyzed the molecular response in five metabolic pathways related to astaxanthin synthesis, including the astaxanthin synthesis pathway, the fatty acid synthesis pathway, the heme synthesis pathway, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance pathway, and the cell wall biosynthesis pathway. Results show that blue light causes a significant down-regulation of the expression of key genes involved in astaxanthin synthesis and significantly increases the expression of heme oxygenase, which shows decreased expression by the treatment with SA. Our study provides novel insights into the production of astaxanthin by H. pluvialis treated with blue light and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chunxiao Meng
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Wei Xing
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Kai Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Bingkui Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chengsong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (X.W.); (C.M.); (W.X.); (K.C.); (B.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Fengjie Sun
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, 1000 University Center Lane, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (Z.G.)
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Ahirwar A, Meignen G, Jahir Khan M, Sirotiya V, Scarsini M, Roux S, Marchand J, Schoefs B, Vinayak V. "Light modulates transcriptomic dynamics upregulating astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus: A review". BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125707. [PMID: 34371336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is a green alga that can accumulate high astaxanthin content, a commercially demanding market keto food. Due to its high predicted market value of about 3.4 billion USD in 2027, it is essential to increase its production. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the genetic mechanism and gene expressions profile during astaxanthin synthesis. The effect of poly- and mono-chromatic light of different wavelengths and different intensities have shown to influence the gene expression towards astaxanthin production. This includes transcriptomic gene analysis in H. pluvialis underneath different levels of illumination stress. This review has placed the most recent data on the effects of light on bioastaxanthin production in the context of previous studies, which were more focused on the biochemical and physiological sides. Doing so, it contributes to delineate new ways along the biotechnological process with the aim to increase bioastaxanthin production while decreasing production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Gurvan Meignen
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Vandana Sirotiya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Matteo Scarsini
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Sylvain Roux
- BIO-CONCEPT Scientific, 12 rue de l'Europe, F-14220 Tournebu, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Molecules & Health (EA 2160), Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India.
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19
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The Papain-like Cysteine Protease HpXBCP3 from Haematococcus pluvialis Involved in the Regulation of Growth, Salt Stress Tolerance and Chlorophyll Synthesis in Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111539. [PMID: 34768970 PMCID: PMC8583958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs), the most important group of cysteine proteases, have been reported to participate in the regulation of growth, senescence, and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the functions of PLCPs and their roles in stress response in microalgae was rarely reported. The responses to different abiotic stresses in Haematococcus pluvialis were often observed, including growth regulation and astaxanthin accumulation. In this study, the cDNA of HpXBCP3 containing 1515 bp open reading frame (ORF) was firstly cloned from H. pluvialis by RT-PCR. The analysis of protein domains and molecular evolution showed that HpXBCP3 was closely related to AtXBCP3 from Arabidopsis. The expression pattern analysis revealed that it significantly responds to NaCl stress in H. pluvialis. Subsequently, transformants expressing HpXBCP3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were obtained and subjected to transcriptomic analysis. Results showed that HpXBCP3 might affect the cell cycle regulation and DNA replication in transgenic Chlamydomonas, resulting in abnormal growth of transformants. Moreover, the expression of HpXBCP3 might increase the sensitivity to NaCl stress by regulating ubiquitin and the expression of WD40 proteins in microalgae. Furthermore, the expression of HpXBCP3 might improve chlorophyll content by up-regulating the expression of NADH-dependent glutamate synthases in C. reinhardtii. This study indicated for the first time that HpXBCP3 was involved in the regulation of cell growth, salt stress response, and chlorophyll synthesis in microalgae. Results in this study might enrich the understanding of PLCPs in microalgae and provide a novel perspective for studying the mechanism of environmental stress responses in H. pluvialis.
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The Functionally Characterization of Putative Genes Involved in the Formation of Mannose in the Aplanospore Cell Wall of Haematococcus pluvialis (Volvocales, Chlorophyta). Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110725. [PMID: 34822383 PMCID: PMC8618704 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular volvocalean green algal Haematococcus pluvialis, known as astaxanthin rich microalgae, transforms into aplanospore stage from the flagellate stage when exposed to the stress environments. However, the mechanism of the formation of aplanospore cell wall, which hinders the extraction of astaxanthin and the genetic manipulation is still unclear. In this study, the cell wall components under salicylic acid and high light stresses were explored, and cellulose was considered the main component in the flagellates, which changed gradually into mannose in the aplanospore stages. During the period, the genes related to the cellulose and mannose metabolisms were identified based on the RNA-seq data, which presented a similar expression pattern. The positive correlations were observed among these studied genes by Pearson Correlation (PC) analysis, indicating the coordination between pathways of cellulose and mannose metabolism. The study firstly explored the formation mechanism of aplanospore cell wall, which might be of scientific significance in the study of H. pluvialis.
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Hu Q, Song M, Huang D, Hu Z, Wu Y, Wang C. Haematococcus pluvialis Accumulated Lipid and Astaxanthin in a Moderate and Sustainable Way by the Self-Protection Mechanism of Salicylic Acid Under Sodium Acetate Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:763742. [PMID: 34868161 PMCID: PMC8639525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.763742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism underlying increased fatty acid and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis, transcriptome analysis was performed to gain insights into the multiple defensive systems elicited by salicylic acid combined with sodium acetate (SAHS) stresses with a time course. Totally, 112,886 unigenes and 61,323 non-repeat genes were identified, and genes involved in carbon metabolism, primary and secondary metabolism, and immune system responses were identified. The results revealed that SA and NaAC provide both energy and precursors to improve cell growth of H. pluvialis and enhance carbon assimilation, astaxanthin, and fatty acids production in this microalga with an effective mechanism. Interestingly, SA was considered to play an important role in lowering transcriptional activity of the fatty acid and astaxanthin biosynthesis genes through self-protection metabolism in H. pluvialis, leading to its adaption to HS stress and finally avoiding massive cell death. Moreover, positive correlations between 15 key genes involved in astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were found, revealing cooperative relation between these pathways at the transcription level. These results not only enriched our knowledge of the astaxanthin accumulation mechanism in H. pluvialis but also provided a new view on increasing astaxanthin production in H. pluvialis by a moderate and sustainable way in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunju Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Marine Resources Big Data Center of South China Sea, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingjian Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danqiong Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chaogang Wang,
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